EP2636893B1 - Verfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs einer Windturbine - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs einer Windturbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2636893B1
EP2636893B1 EP12158421.3A EP12158421A EP2636893B1 EP 2636893 B1 EP2636893 B1 EP 2636893B1 EP 12158421 A EP12158421 A EP 12158421A EP 2636893 B1 EP2636893 B1 EP 2636893B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind
speed
threshold value
wind turbine
wind speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12158421.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2636893A1 (de
Inventor
Martin Huus Bjerge
Thomas Esbensen
Jesper Elliot Petersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DK12158421.3T priority Critical patent/DK2636893T3/en
Priority to EP12158421.3A priority patent/EP2636893B1/de
Priority to US13/777,126 priority patent/US9140238B2/en
Priority to CA2808040A priority patent/CA2808040C/en
Priority to CN201310072527.0A priority patent/CN103306895B/zh
Publication of EP2636893A1 publication Critical patent/EP2636893A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2636893B1 publication Critical patent/EP2636893B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F05B2270/3201—"cut-off" or "shut-down" wind speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/322—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters the detection or prediction of a wind gust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method to control the operation of a wind turbine above a certain wind speed threshold value.
  • the invention even relates to a wind turbine, which is prepared and designed to execute this method.
  • a wind turbine and its components are designed to withstand and to cope with high wind speeds.
  • the wind turbine might be exposed to a wind speed, which is higher than 25 m/s for example. This wind speed is known by wind turbine manufacturers as a typical "wind speed threshold value".
  • the nominal output power of the wind turbine as well as the rotational speed of the rotor are continuously reduced if a certain wind velocity is reached.
  • the continuous reduction of the output power and of the rotational speed of the rotor is done in dependency of the rise in the wind velocity.
  • the wind turbine stays connected with the grid.
  • the disconnection of the wind turbine is avoided or is at least delayed.
  • electrical power is still fed into the grid financial losses are minimized or even avoided.
  • Document EP 1497556 B1 discloses another control method, where the power output of the turbine is regulated.
  • the rotor speed is regulated within a predefined wind speed range by varying the rotor blade angle.
  • the output power is reduced in excess of a defined wind-speed-dependent threshold value, while a defined rotor blade limiting angle is used as threshold value.
  • Document US 2007/0018457 A1 discloses a method of operating a wind turbine.
  • the method comprises a step of reducing the rotor speed and/or the generator power in response to one or more variables exceeding predetermined value(s). That said variable(s) belong(s) to the group consisting of the wind direction relative to the horizontal direction of the main shaft of the turbine and the turbulence of the wind, as sensed by external sensors, as well as any other variable(s) as sensed by one or more sensors mounted on components of the turbine and sensing a condition of that component.
  • the wind turbine comprises at least a rotor, a pitch-system and a generator. Wind turbine blades of the rotor are driven by the wind, thus the rotor rotates with a specific rotational speed.
  • the rotor is coupled with the generator by a rotating shaft for example.
  • the generator is even driven by the wind generating electrical power in dependency of the rotating blades of the rotor.
  • the electrical power of the generator is adjusted in its electrical values (i.e. frequency, amplitude, phase angle) and is fed into a grid, which is connected with the wind turbine.
  • the generator is connected with a converter, while the converter is used to adjust the output power of the generator in view to the requirements of the grid connected.
  • the generator used is a torque controlled generator.
  • the rotating blades of the rotor are connected with a pitch system.
  • the pitch system is used to adjust the pitch angle of the blades to the direction of the incoming wind.
  • the pitch angle is adjusted in a way that an optimized amount of wind energy is transformed into rotational speed and generated electrical power.
  • the wind turbine in view to its overall performance is controlled by a first control loop and by a second control loop.
  • the output power of the wind turbine, which is fed into the grid, is controlled by the first control loop.
  • the rotational speed of the wind turbine rotor and thus the rotational speed of the rotating wind turbine blades are controlled by the second control loop.
  • the first control loop and the second control loop are activated, if predefined certain wind speed threshold values are reached or even exceeded.
  • the first control loop is activated if a first predefined certain wind speed threshold value is reached or is even exceeded.
  • the second control loop is activated if a second predefined certain wind speed threshold value is reached or is even exceeded, accordingly.
  • the first predefined certain wind speed threshold value and the second predefined certain wind speed threshold value are the same, they are equal in its value.
  • the certain wind speed threshold value is defined and well known as those wind speed value, which might lead to damaged wind turbine components of the wind speed value is exceeded.
  • wind speeds which are higher than 25 m/s might lead to damaged components.
  • this 25 m/s value might be used as wind speed threshold value.
  • the first control loop and the second control loop are activated and operated independently to each other.
  • the first control loop is prepared and arranged to influence the output power of the wind turbine, which is fed in the grid.
  • the output power which is fed in the grid, is reduced from a nominal value to a lower value if the wind speed threshold value is reached or even exceeded.
  • the output power is reduced in dependency of the increasing wind speed.
  • the power reduction might be done in a continuous and proportional manner in view to the continuous and proportional increase of the wind speed.
  • the pitch position of the blades or an allocated pitch reference value might be used to determine the wind speed.
  • the pitch position as well as the pitch reference value is a function of the wind speed, thus this knowledge, which is already implemented in the wind turbine, might be used for this purpose.
  • the wind speed is measured by a cup anemometer or by a so called "FT sensor", which measures the wind speed by an acoustic resonance measurement for example.
  • the cup anemometer or the sensor might be arranged at the wind turbine or at a meteorological mast, which is allocated to the wind turbine.
  • the measured wind speed is averaged over a certain predefined time period.
  • the averaged wind speed is used to activate both loops or to operate and control the first control loop.
  • the output power of the wind turbine is preferably reduced by the converter, which is arranged between the generator of the wind turbine and the grid.
  • the output power of the wind turbine is preferably reduced by the torque controlled generator, if there is one used in the wind turbine.
  • the wind speed might be determined by monitoring the rotational speed of the turning shaft, which drives the generator.
  • the second control loop is prepared and arranged to control the rotational speed of the rotor or of the rotating wind turbine blades.
  • the rotational speed is reduced from a nominal value to a lower value if a wind turbulence threshold value is reached or even exceeded.
  • the certain wind turbulence threshold value is defined and well known as it is those wind turbulence value, which might lead to damaged components of the wind turbine if it is exceeded.
  • the rotational speed is reduced in dependency of increasing wind turbulences.
  • the rotational speed reduction might be done in a continuous and proportional manner in view to a continuous and proportional increase of the wind turbulences.
  • the rotor speed acceleration is monitored, as it is a function of the wind turbulences.
  • wind turbulence values are monitored and averaged over a certain predefined time period.
  • the averaged values are used for the reduction of the rotational speed.
  • the first control loop and the second control loop of the wind turbine are activated.
  • the output power of the wind turbine is reduced by the first control loop from a nominal value to a lower value as described above.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor is kept constant even if the wind speed further increases. This is preferably done by an adjustment of the pitch angles of the blades.
  • the rotational speed of the rotor is reduced. This is preferably done by an adjustment of the pitch angles of the blades.
  • the invention allows the control of the produced power as well as the control of the rotational speed of the rotor. Both controls are performed in an independent manner thus the usable time period for feeding power in the grid is prolonged.
  • the invention allows the wind turbine to stay connected with the grid even during high-wind situations in an advantageous manner.
  • the invention ensures that wind turbine components are held below their fatigue load limits. Thus the lifetime of the components is not limited by the operation of the wind turbine in high wind situations.
  • the invention allows keeping a nominal rotational speed of the rotor and to reduce at the same time the output power of the wind turbine. Thus fewer loads are induced on the wind turbine components (i.e. the blades, the drive-train, the shaft, etc.).
  • the invention is shown in more detail by help of FIG 1.
  • a first step S1 the wind speed WS is determined.
  • a second step S2 the wind speed is compared with the wind speed threshold value WST.
  • step S3 If the wind speed WS is below the wind speed threshold value WST the wind turbine is operated in a normal mode NM as shown in step S3.
  • the output power Pout of the wind turbine, which is fed in the grid GR is optimized in regard to a nominal output power value of the wind turbine. The optimization is done in view to the incoming wind and in view to a stable grid and its conditions. The determination of the wind speed WS is continued.
  • the first control loop CL1 and the second control loop CL2 of the wind turbine are activated as shown in the step S4.
  • step S5 the output power Pout of the wind turbine, which is fed in the grid GR, is reduced by the first control loop CL1 from a nominal value to a lower value. This is preferably done in dependency to the dynamic behavior or increase of the wind speed WS.
  • step S6 the wind turbulences WT are determined and are compared with the wind turbulence threshold value WTT.
  • the rotational speed RS of the rotor is kept at a predefined value as shown in step S7.
  • the value of the rotational speed RS is kept constant by an adjustment of the pitch angles of the blades preferably.
  • step S8 This reduction is preferably done by an adjustment of the pitch angles of the blades.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Steuern des Betriebs einer Windturbine oberhalb eines bestimmten Schwellwerts für die Windgeschwindigkeit,
    - wobei durch rotierende Blätter der Windturbine elektrische Ausgangsleistung erzeugt und die erzeugte elektrische Ausgangsleistung in ein Versorgungsnetz eingespeist wird, das mit der Windturbine verbunden ist,
    - wobei die Windgeschwindigkeit bestimmt und mit einem bestimmten vordefinierten Schwellwert für die Windgeschwindigkeit verglichen wird,
    - wobei die Windturbine von einem ersten und einem zweiten Regelkreis gesteuert wird, die aktiviert werden, wenn die Windgeschwindigkeit den Schwellwert für die Windgeschwindigkeit erreicht oder überschreitet,
    - wobei beide Steuerungen auf unabhängige Weise ausgeführt werden,
    - wobei der aktivierte erste Regelkreis die Ausgangsleistung in Abhängigkeit von der Windgeschwindigkeit regelt,
    - wobei die Ausgangsleistung der Windturbine von einem Nennwert auf einen niedrigeren Wert verringert wird, wenn die bestimmte Windgeschwindigkeit den Schwellwert für die Windgeschwindigkeit erreicht oder überschreitet,
    - wobei der aktivierte zweite Regelkreis die Drehzahl der rotierenden Blätter in Abhängigkeit von den Windturbulenzen regelt,
    - wobei Windturbulenzen bestimmt und mit einem bestimmten vordefinierten Schwellwert für Windturbulenzen verglichen werden,
    - wobei die Drehzahl der rotierenden Blätter von einem Nennwert auf einen niedrigeren Wert verringert wird, wenn der Schwellwert für Windturbulenzen erreicht oder überschritten wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Ausgangsleistung in Abhängigkeit von der zunehmenden Windgeschwindigkeit verringert wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Verringern der Ausgangsleistung auf kontinuierliche und proportionale Weise erfolgt, wenn die Windgeschwindigkeit auf kontinuierliche und proportionale Weise zunimmt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    - wobei eine Anstellwinkelposition der Blätter oder ein zugeordneter Anstellwinkelreferenzwert zum Bestimmen der Windgeschwindigkeit benutzt wird oder
    - wobei die Windgeschwindigkeit mit einem Schalenkreuzanemometer oder einem FT-Sensor gemessen wird oder
    - wobei die Windgeschwindigkeit durch Überwachen der Drehzahl einer den Windturbinengenerator antreibenden Welle bestimmt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Windgeschwindigkeit über einen bestimmten vordefinierten Zeitraum gemittelt wird, bevor sie zum Aktivieren sowohl des ersten als auch des zweiten Regelkreises benutzt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Schwellwert für Windturbulenzen als jener Windturbulenzwert definiert ist, bei dessen Überschreiten Komponenten der Windturbine beschädigt werden.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Drehzahl in Abhängigkeit von zunehmenden Windturbulenzen verringert wird.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem die Drehzahl auf kontinuierliche und proportionale Weise verringert wird, wenn die Windturbulenzen auf kontinuierliche und proportionale Weise zunehmen.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Beschleunigung der rotierenden Blätter oder die Rotordrehzahl in Abhängigkeit von den Windturbulenzen überwacht wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Windturbulenzwerte überwacht und über einen bestimmten vordefinierten Zeitraum gemittelt werden, bevor sie von dem zweiten Regelkreis benutzt werden.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    - bei dem die Drehzahl konstant gehalten wird, wenn die Windturbulenzen unterhalb des Schwellwerts für Windturbulenzen liegen, und
    - bei dem die Drehzahl verringert wird, wenn die Windturbulenzen den Schwellwert für Windturbulenzen erreichen oder überschreiten.
  12. Windturbine, die so ausgelegt ist, dass der Betrieb der Windturbine oberhalb eines bestimmten Schwellwerts für die Windgeschwindigkeit geregelt wird, mit Mitteln, die so angeordnet und ausgelegt sind, dass sie das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 ausführen.
EP12158421.3A 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 Verfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs einer Windturbine Not-in-force EP2636893B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK12158421.3T DK2636893T3 (en) 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 A method for controlling the operation of a wind turbine
EP12158421.3A EP2636893B1 (de) 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 Verfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs einer Windturbine
US13/777,126 US9140238B2 (en) 2012-03-07 2013-02-26 Method to control the operation of a wind turbine
CA2808040A CA2808040C (en) 2012-03-07 2013-03-05 Method to control the operation of a wind turbine
CN201310072527.0A CN103306895B (zh) 2012-03-07 2013-03-07 控制风力涡轮机的运行的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12158421.3A EP2636893B1 (de) 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 Verfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs einer Windturbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2636893A1 EP2636893A1 (de) 2013-09-11
EP2636893B1 true EP2636893B1 (de) 2016-08-31

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12158421.3A Not-in-force EP2636893B1 (de) 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 Verfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs einer Windturbine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9140238B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2636893B1 (de)
CN (1) CN103306895B (de)
CA (1) CA2808040C (de)
DK (1) DK2636893T3 (de)

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EP2479427A1 (de) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Schwingungsdämpfung eines Triebstrangs in einer Windturbine, Windturbine und Verwendung einer Bremsvorrichtung

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US9140238B2 (en) 2015-09-22
CN103306895A (zh) 2013-09-18
DK2636893T3 (en) 2016-11-28
EP2636893A1 (de) 2013-09-11
CA2808040A1 (en) 2013-09-07
US20130234437A1 (en) 2013-09-12
CN103306895B (zh) 2017-08-11
CA2808040C (en) 2019-12-10

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