EP2648879A1 - Procédé pour la production de produits de type fibro-ciment et produits de type fibro-ciment obtenus - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production de produits de type fibro-ciment et produits de type fibro-ciment obtenus

Info

Publication number
EP2648879A1
EP2648879A1 EP11793770.6A EP11793770A EP2648879A1 EP 2648879 A1 EP2648879 A1 EP 2648879A1 EP 11793770 A EP11793770 A EP 11793770A EP 2648879 A1 EP2648879 A1 EP 2648879A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
cementitious slurry
sieve
fiber
fiber reinforced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11793770.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ruben Bordin
Benoît de Lhoneux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Redco NV SA
Original Assignee
Redco NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=43827723&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2648879(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Redco NV SA filed Critical Redco NV SA
Priority to EP11793770.6A priority Critical patent/EP2648879A1/fr
Publication of EP2648879A1 publication Critical patent/EP2648879A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
    • B28B1/527—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement by delivering the materials on a rotating drum, e.g. a sieve drum, from which the materials are picked up by a felt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/30—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a process for the manufacture of fiber reinforced cement sheets, whereby the cementitious slurry comprising fibers is discharged onto the surface of a rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve and accumulated onto a forming cylinder .
  • the invention also relates to fiber reinforced cement sheets obtained with the process.
  • the Hatschek technique consists in forming a sheet, by
  • a fluid aqueous suspension obtained by mixing essentially cement, fibers and water and which is supplied to a vat in which a rotating sieve covered by a cloth is located.
  • the sheet or a superposition of sheets is then drained of water by suction and/or pressure.
  • the fibers hold to the filter (or sieve), forming an additional screen retaining the particles, even fine particles, of cement or of other binder or additive, together with an important amount of water which contributes to the cohesion of the layer formed on the sieve.
  • the sieve consists of a open cylindrical drum covered with a filter cloth and is installed in a tank (vat) containing the suspension
  • the sheet on the forming cylinder is then cut, and subsequently subjected to a forming step, which consists of putting it between templates, for instance metal templates which have been oiled. Afterwards, it is submitted to a hardening stage at room temperature (air curing) or by autoclaving (steam-curing under specific pressure and temperature conditions) .
  • the Hatschek process generally provides fiber cement panels characterized by a low ratio between the mechanical strength in the crosswise to the longitudinal direction.
  • the reason for that is that the fibers are not uniformly or randomly oriented but are aligned predominantly in the direction of rotation of the rotary screen (i.e. the lengthwise axis of the sheet, also called the machine or longitudinal direction) .
  • the resulting sheet is consequently not isotropic, and the strength in the cross direction (i.e. the direction normal to the machine direction, also called the transversal direction) is lower than the strength in the machine direction.
  • Higher production speeds increase the pronounced tendency of fiber orientation in the machine direction.
  • orientation factor which is defined as the ratio of a given mechanical property in the cross direction to the same mechanical property in the machine direction is fixed for a given disorientation screw, which implies that the setup of the disorientation screws has to be modified when the production changes to fiber cement products with other specified mechanical properties.
  • US2644373 discloses a process for the production of fiber cement sheets comprising a step of discharge of the cementitious slurry comprising fibers onto the surface of a rotating cylindrical sieve.
  • the fiber cement mixture is discharged downwardly by gravity onto the cylinder, it is subject to shear; this process induces consequently a preferential alignment of the fibers in the direction of rotation of the sieve.
  • this process is only suitable for fiber cement mixtures
  • DE19824604C1 discloses a process for the manufacture of fiber reinforced cement boards characterized by an enhanced isotropy obtained by random orientation of the fibers through the use of a slot die.
  • the process described in DE19824604 concerns a one- layer process which suffers from several disadvantages such as difficult dewatering of the thick cementitious layer through the porous felt and consequently a slow line speed, low mechanical strength due to the low efficiency of the reinforcing fibers which are three-dimensionally oriented (i.e.
  • the object of the invention described in DE19824604C1 is a continuous process for the manufacturing of a fiber reinforced cement sheet and to provide a suitable means for controlled dewatering of a thick and consistent cementitious slurry comprising fibers without disturbing the initial uniform fiber distribution.
  • the process described in DE19824604C1 can not be implemented on an existing Hatschek machine. It is complicated to operate and to maintain as it needs two dewatering belts, a dewatering control sheet and a moveable rake .
  • DE207540C describes a process for the manufacturing of fiber reinforced sheets made of hydraulic binder.
  • the latter is poured in its solid state (either as powder or damped) by gravity from a vessel in an area between a guide plate and the surface of a rotating sieve.
  • the aqueous slurry of fibers is added to the hydraulic binder upon its discharge. This process does not result into a uniform and homogeneous distribution of the fibers in the sheet, and leads consequently to fiber reinforced cement sheets with inferior mechanical properties.
  • the present invention concerns a process for the manufacture of a layered fiber reinforced cement sheet comprising the following subsequent steps : a) formation of at least one fiber cement monolayer by continuous discharge of a cementitious slurry comprising reinforcing fibers onto the surface of at least one rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve through at least one device with a slot shaped outlet,
  • step b) transfer of the at least one fiber cement monolayer formed in step a) to a dewatering conveyer felt
  • step b) transfer of the at least one dewatered monolayer obtained in step b) on a forming cylinder, until the desired thickness of the layered fiber reinforced cement sheet on said forming cylinder is obtained.
  • the process according to the present invention allows the manufacturing of fiber reinforced cement sheets which are characterized by a controlled fiber orientation in the products. According to the present invention, more uniform mechanical properties in the machine (or longitudinal) and cross (or transversal) direction and hence a high orientation factor
  • the products manufactured with the process according to the present invention are characterized by a high orientation factor and a higher average strength without increasing the fiber content, and without impairing the machine direction strength, the production speed and the other properties of the fiber cement product .
  • Figures 1 and 2 show typical examples of suitable devices which are implemented on fiber cement manufacturing machines using a rotating sieve as primary
  • the object of the invention is a process for the manufacture of a layered fiber reinforced cement sheet comprising the following subsequent steps:
  • step b) transfer of the at least one fiber cement monolayer formed in step a) to a dewatering conveyer felt
  • step b) transfer of the at least one dewatered monolayer obtained in step b) on a forming cylinder, until the desired thickness of the layered fiber reinforced cement sheet on said forming cylinder is obtained.
  • the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of layered fiber reinforced cement sheets comprising a step of discharge of the cementitious slurry comprising reinforcing fibers (1) onto the surface of a rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve (2) as shown e.g. in figures 1 and 2.
  • Step (a) is performed using device (3) which has a slot-shaped outlet (4) .
  • Suitable geometries of the device (3) have straight or curvilinear walls, approaching and/or moving away walls connecting the inlet (5) to the slot shaped outlet (4),
  • the device (3) comprises preferably at least one section with continuously moving away (i.e. the widening or divergence is not stepwise) sidewalls (i.e. the walls between the upper and lower surface from the inlet to the outlet) .
  • the device can comprise one or more inlets, as shown e.g. in figure 1.
  • the inlet can have any shape. According to the present invention circular pipes and rectangular horizontal slots are preferred. Preferred devices are characterized by a width of the slot outlet which is larger than the total width of the inlets.
  • the width of the outlet is measured as the cross-directional distance between the left and right sidewall of the outlet.
  • the width of a rectangular inlet is defined as the cross-directional distance between the left and right sidewall of the inlet; the width of a circular inlet equals its diameter.
  • the total width of the inlets is the sum of the widths of the several inlets.
  • the width of the slot outlet is preferably at least 2.5 times the total width of the inlets and most preferably 5 times the total width of the inlets. If the width of the slot jet is less than 2.5 times the width of the inlet, the effect of the section with the moving away sidewalls on fiber orientation is too small.
  • the length of the device for the discharge of the cementitious slurry is preferably at least 2.5 times the total width of the inlets, and most preferably at least 4 times the total inlet width.
  • the length of the device for the discharge of the cementitious slurry is defined as the longitudinal distance between the inlet and the outlet.
  • the device can further comprise converging parts, diverging parts, and their combinations, constraint sections creating pressure drops to improve the dispersion of the fibers in the cementitious slurry.
  • the channel can be partitioned totally or partially by horizontal, vertical or inclined walls.
  • FIG 1 a device transforming the flow of two inlets into one slot-shaped outlet covering the entire width of the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve is shown.
  • the device used in the process brings about a uni- or biaxial stretching or elongation of the fluid fiber cement slurry in a direction different from the machine direction, thereby creating a deformation path within the fluid cementitious slurry which orientates the fibers in the elongation direction (s) .
  • the impingement point of the cementitious slurry on the surface of the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve can be anywhere provided sufficient dewatering capacity is ensured.
  • the impingement angle (the angle between the velocity vector of the slurry at the outlet and the tangent to the rotating
  • cylindrical dewatering sieve at the impingement point is preferably in the range of from 0° to 75°, and most preferably in the range of from 0° to 45°.
  • the devices depicted in figures 1 and 2 are preferably linked to a system which provides an equal flow through each inlet.
  • a suitable device for the homogeneous distribution of fiber cement slurry is a tapered cross direction manifold or radial system; an example of the latter is depicted in figure 3.
  • the geometry of the device is
  • Vj forward moving jet of slurry
  • Vs peripheral speed of the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve
  • the outlet jet forward speed is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1.8 times the peripheral speed of the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve.
  • a range of Vj /Vs from 0.6 to 1.5 is
  • the cementitious slurry which is discharged on the surface of the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve comprises synthetic and/or natural reinforcing fibers.
  • Both autoclaved and air-cured fiber reinforced cement sheets can be produced according to the process of the present invention.
  • Natural fibers are preferably cellulose fibers, more preferably chemical wood pulp. They are used as reinforcing and process fibers. Cellulose fibers produced by the Kraft or sulphate process are particularly preferred. Good results are obtained with bleached or unbleached cellulose fibers from softwood or from hardwood. Cellulose fibers characterized by a Kappa number in the range from 14 to 40, more particularly in the range from 25 to 30 are especially preferred.
  • Cellulose fibers refined to a Shopper Riegler degree (°SR) in the range from 15 to 35, more particularly in the range from 20 to 30 give satisfactory results for the manufacture of autoclaved fiber cement sheets, while cellulose fibers refined to a °SR in the range from 35 to 70, more particularly in the range from 40 to 65, are preferably used for the production of air-cured fiber cement sheets.
  • the latter comprise preferably, except cellulose fibers, other reinforcing fibers, such as synthetic polymeric fibers.
  • synthetic polymeric reinforcing fibers which can be used in air-cured fiber cement sheets are polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylalcohol and polyacrylonitrile .
  • step a) several monolayers can be superposed on the surface of the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve, each monolayer corresponding to the discharge of the fiber cement slurry by a device with a slot shaped outlet.
  • rotating cylindrical dewatering sieves can be aligned consecutively, each of them continuously fed by at least one device with a slot shaped outlet.
  • step b) the monolayer (s) which is (are) formed on the rotating dewatering sieve (s) is (are) transferred to a dewatering felt belt, generally provided with vacuum boxes.
  • the fiber reinforced cement layer (s) is (are) further dewatered by press rollers and vacuum boxes, and conveyed by means of the felt belt to the forming cylinder.
  • the production steps a) to c) are continued until the desired thickness on the forming cylinder has been reached.
  • the green uncured fiber cement sheet on the forming cylinder is then cut and unfolded to obtain a flat sheet.
  • This operation can be done manually with a knife following a groove in the forming drum or automatically with a steel blade incorporated in the forming cylinder or with a wire.
  • the cementitious slurry which is discharged on the surface of the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve has a concentration preferably of not higher than 150 g of solids per litre of cementitious slurry, more preferably of not higher than 100 g of solids per litre of cementitious slurry. Concentrations of not higher than 70 g of solids per litre of cementitious slurry are particularly preferred. Concentrations higher than 150 g/litre lead to a bad dispersion of the fibers, and consequently
  • the fiber reinforced cement sheet manufactured according to the process of the present invention comprises several layers each of which is formed by continuous discharge of the cementitious slurry comprising fibers onto the surface of a rotating
  • each monolayer expressed in g of solids per m 2 of layer is preferably in the range from 250 to 750.
  • Each monolayer is characterized by a thickness preferably ranging from 0.25 to 0.4 mm as measured after the forming cylinder. This avoids the orientation of part of the reinforcing fibres in the z direction and provides a homogeneous distribution of the fibers; it also facilitates dewatering because of the low amount of solids per surface unit.
  • the number of monolayers is generally between 20 and 25.
  • the dewatering rate of the fiber cement slurry can be too slow when discharged onto the surface of a rotating dewatering sieve by means of any of the devices shown in figures 1 and 2.
  • the device is preferably provided with an upper fixed or pivotable and adjustable lip (6) as shown in figure 2 to keep the slurry in closer contact with the dewatering sieve and to avoid spoiling of the cementitious slurry due to overflow.
  • the end-part of the device preferably has straight left and right edges (7) as depicted in figure 1, to confine the slurry on the rotating cylindrical dewatering sieve.
  • dewatering sieve The preferable use of a vacuum box within the sieve implies a flat internal surface of the sieve, which allows the preferable installation of sliding contact sealings located at the edges of the vacuum box.
  • the sieve is provided with holes; the holed curved plate is then covered with a coarse metal grid and a fine sieve superposed on the latter, as usually performed with Hatschek machines.
  • the fiber cement enables to control and vary the fiber orientation by adjusting the geometric parameters of the feeding device and the speed difference between Vj and Vs.
  • manufacturing process according to the present invention allows to vary the fiber orientation factor in a more flexible and easier way compared to a Hatschek process (where fiber orientation can only be slightly modified in a narrow range by changing the setup of the orientation screws located in the vats) and allows to achieve higher orientation factors than commonly obtained with the conventional Hatschek process.
  • the fiber reinforced cement sheets manufactured according to process of the present invention have improved mechanical properties in the cross direction without impairing the
  • Fiber reinforced cement sheets manufactured according to the process of the present invention are characterized by an orientation factor expressed as the ratio of the cross direction maximum bending strength to the machine direction maximum bending strength measured on air-dry samples which is preferably in the range of from 0.65 to 1.4.
  • the average mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced cement sheets manufactured according to the invention are hence improved compared to fiber cement sheets produced on a conventional Hatschek line.
  • the sheets were hardened during one night at 50 °C, and
  • Device 1 is shown in figure 4, i.e. with two inlet pipes.
  • the channel is composed of three sections: a first diverging section with a length of 275 mm, having parallel upper and lower walls and moving away side walls forming angle of 15° with respect to the machine direction; then a converging section with a length of 100 mm, characterized by approaching upper and lower walls forming an angle of 11° until the distance between upper and lower walls reaches 9 mm and parallel side walls, and a third section having a length of 200 mm and with parallel side walls and parallel upper and lower walls
  • the sum of the width of the inlets is 3 cm, the width of the outlet is 32 cm.
  • Device 2 is not depicted as it is similar to device 1, but has its third section with upper and lower walls separated by a distance of 9 mm at its junction with section 2 and moving away in the z direction (i.e. the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the cross and the machine direction) at an angle of 2° over a length of 250 mm.
  • Device 3 is shown in figure 2 i.e. a triangle-shaped front view with moving away side walls with an angle of 25° with respect to the machine direction and a length of 250 mm; and upper and lower walls which are approaching at an angle of 7.5 "until the distance between the upper and lower walls reaches 9 mm.
  • Device 4 is not depicted as it is similar to device 3, but has parallel upper and lower walls separated by a distance of 9 mm.
  • the rotating sieve has a width of about 400 mm, and the width of the sheets is between 300 and 320 mm.
  • disorientation screw multiplied by its thread lead (i.e. the distance along the screw's axis which is covered by one complete revolution of the screw) .
  • the bending strength is determined by a flexural test on three points using a span of 146 mm and a test speed of 20 mm/minute on samples of 50 mm*160 mm which have been dried in a ventilated oven at 40°C for 2 days ("air dry” samples) or saturated with water through immersion in water for 3 days (“water saturated” samples) .
  • the bending strength of ten samples is determined in each of the two directions (machine direction (MD) and (cross direction (CD)), 2 weeks after the production.
  • MD machine direction
  • CD cross direction
  • OF(iMOR) are defined as the ratio of MOR ( C D> resp. iMOR( C D> to MOR
  • the results in table I show that the average strengths (i.e. the average of the strength in the MD and CD direction) for the example according to the invention are significantly higher with respect to the comparative example; the higher average strengths for the trials according to the invention are primarily due to an improvement of the cross direction strengths.
  • the improvement of the cross direction strength (CD) does not impair the machine direction strength (MD) , and hence the average strength of the sheets is increased using the process according to the invention compared to the strength obtained on a conventional Hatschek machine equipped with a vat containing the cementitious slurry from which a layer is formed on a rotating sieve located in the vat.
  • Table III shows the OF (iMOR) and OF (MOR) alues which have been obtained with several devices used in the process according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la fabrication d'un matériau en ciment renforcé par des fibres comprenant une étape de déversement d'une suspension cimentaire comprenant des fibres sur la surface d'un tamis cylindrique en rotation.
EP11793770.6A 2010-12-08 2011-12-06 Procédé pour la production de produits de type fibro-ciment et produits de type fibro-ciment obtenus Withdrawn EP2648879A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11793770.6A EP2648879A1 (fr) 2010-12-08 2011-12-06 Procédé pour la production de produits de type fibro-ciment et produits de type fibro-ciment obtenus

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10194165 2010-12-08
PCT/EP2011/071920 WO2012076526A1 (fr) 2010-12-08 2011-12-06 Procédé pour la production de produits de type fibro-ciment et produits de type fibro-ciment obtenus
EP11793770.6A EP2648879A1 (fr) 2010-12-08 2011-12-06 Procédé pour la production de produits de type fibro-ciment et produits de type fibro-ciment obtenus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2648879A1 true EP2648879A1 (fr) 2013-10-16

Family

ID=43827723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11793770.6A Withdrawn EP2648879A1 (fr) 2010-12-08 2011-12-06 Procédé pour la production de produits de type fibro-ciment et produits de type fibro-ciment obtenus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2648879A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013014317A2 (fr)
CL (1) CL2013001590A1 (fr)
CO (1) CO6721023A2 (fr)
PE (1) PE20140483A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012076526A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103906608B (zh) 2010-12-30 2016-05-18 美国石膏公司 浆料分配系统和方法
US9296124B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2016-03-29 United States Gypsum Company Slurry distributor with a wiping mechanism, system, and method for using same
US10076853B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2018-09-18 United States Gypsum Company Slurry distributor, system, and method for using same
US9999989B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2018-06-19 United States Gypsum Company Slurry distributor with a profiling mechanism, system, and method for using same
EP2658695B1 (fr) 2010-12-30 2018-06-13 United States Gypsum Company Distributeur de pâte, système et procédé pour son utilisation
JP6341860B2 (ja) 2011-10-24 2018-06-13 ユナイテッド・ステイツ・ジプサム・カンパニー スラリー分配装置、石膏スラリー混合・分配組立体、および石膏製品を調整する方法。
PL2771158T3 (pl) 2011-10-24 2017-05-31 United States Gypsum Company Wielodyszowa końcówka podająca do dystrybucji zaprawy
WO2013063080A2 (fr) 2011-10-24 2013-05-02 United States Gypsum Company Moule multipièce et procédé de fabrication d'un distributeur de boue
US10059033B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2018-08-28 United States Gypsum Company Cementitious slurry mixing and dispensing system with pulser assembly and method for using same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE207540C (fr)
US2644373A (en) 1942-10-31 1953-07-07 Salvaneschi Pino Apparatus for the continuous production of cement-fiber sheets
FR2250314A1 (en) * 1973-07-24 1975-05-30 Everitube Reinforced asbestos cement sheet production process - main and reinforcing pastes on support form alternate strips
BR8205639A (pt) * 1982-09-24 1984-05-02 Everitube Processo para coloracao de artigos de amianto-cimento, dispositivo para leva-lo a pratica e produto resultante
CN2051226U (zh) * 1989-03-14 1990-01-17 昆明轻型建筑材料厂 一种生产石棉水泥制品的设备
JP2874146B2 (ja) * 1993-08-10 1999-03-24 株式会社クボタ 湿式法におけるセメントスラリー供給装置
DE19824604C2 (de) 1998-06-02 2003-02-27 Frank Reintjes Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Bauplatten

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2012076526A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CL2013001590A1 (es) 2013-11-04
BR112013014317A2 (pt) 2016-09-27
WO2012076526A1 (fr) 2012-06-14
CO6721023A2 (es) 2013-07-31
PE20140483A1 (es) 2014-04-25

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