EP2653725A1 - Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Einschaltens und Abschaltens einer Pumpe eines Wasserverteilungsnetzes - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Einschaltens und Abschaltens einer Pumpe eines Wasserverteilungsnetzes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2653725A1
EP2653725A1 EP13164394.2A EP13164394A EP2653725A1 EP 2653725 A1 EP2653725 A1 EP 2653725A1 EP 13164394 A EP13164394 A EP 13164394A EP 2653725 A1 EP2653725 A1 EP 2653725A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
pressure
value
chamber
pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13164394.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2653725B1 (de
Inventor
Virgilio Martinucci
Giuseppe Coglio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TREVITECH S.R.L.
Original Assignee
Trevi Engineering Srl Unipersonale
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trevi Engineering Srl Unipersonale filed Critical Trevi Engineering Srl Unipersonale
Publication of EP2653725A1 publication Critical patent/EP2653725A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2653725B1 publication Critical patent/EP2653725B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
    • F04B49/022—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control by means of pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/08—Regulating by delivery pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/0209—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/02—Switches operated by change of position, inclination or orientation of the switch itself in relation to gravitational field
    • H01H35/022—Switches operated by change of position, inclination or orientation of the switch itself in relation to gravitational field the switch being of the reed switch type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/05—Pressure after the pump outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/09—Flow through the pump

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of water distribution systems and more in particular to an apparatus for controlling start-up and shut-down of a pump of water distribution network.
  • pumps are used in water distribution systems to deliver water to utilities.
  • Various solutions have been developed to enable adequate control of the start-up and shut-down of these pumps.
  • Switching on, or start-up, of the pump is controlled by the flow switch and by the pressure switch, depending on different cases (start-up for opening of utilities, shut-down for closing of utilities, shut-down due to lack of water, system operating normally, system blocked, etc.).
  • the pressure switch is formed by a stem fixed to an elastic membrane and associated with a spring.
  • the pressure of the water in the chamber presses on the membrane overcoming the force of the spring and causing the stem to take a balanced position.
  • Variation in pressure consequently also causes variation in the position of the stem, which can translate horizontally (each position of the stem corresponds to a different pressure value in the chamber).
  • the stem is provided with a magnet to generate a magnetic field.
  • the body with the chamber has a compartment separated from the chamber on the bottom thereof. The control electronics of the apparatus are arranged in this compartment.
  • These electronics comprise a reed device adapted to interact with the magnet of the stem (as is known, a reed device is in practice a normally open reed switch that closes when immersed in a magnetic field of a given value).
  • a reed device is in practice a normally open reed switch that closes when immersed in a magnetic field of a given value.
  • the pressure in the chamber causes the stem, and consequently the magnet fixed thereto, to take a certain position.
  • the magnet moves toward the reed and surrounds it with its magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field becomes increasingly stronger toward the polarization axis of the magnet, so that when the magnet is sufficiently close to the reed to surround it with the magnetic field equal to the closing value of the same reed, the reed closes, closing an electrical circuit that controls switch-on of the pump.
  • the cut-in pressure of the pump corresponds to the position of the stem that controls closing of the reed.
  • the cut-in pressure value i.e. the pressure at which the pump starts up
  • the cut-in pressure value is set in the factory, for example by regulating the axial position of the stem with respect to the spring. Once in use, this value can no longer be modified. This means that in the case of systems with pressure values variable in time or different to the design values, the cut-in pressure value may not be sufficient for requirements. In these cases, it is necessary to replace the apparatus with another one having a more suitable cut-in pressure value. If this is not possible, there is the risk that the pump will start up when this is not necessary or will fail to start up when required.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problems highlighted in apparatus for controlling start-up and shut-down of a pump of a water distribution network described above, and more in particular to produce an apparatus for controlling start-up and shut-down of a pump of a water distribution network which is particularly flexible when applied to various types of distribution systems.
  • the apparatus comprises
  • the apparatus is an electronic pressure and flow switch, i.e. a device adapted to drive a water pump, switching it on and off on the basis of the pressure conditions of the hydraulic system in which it is inserted and of the flow of water required by the user.
  • an electronic pressure and flow switch i.e. a device adapted to drive a water pump, switching it on and off on the basis of the pressure conditions of the hydraulic system in which it is inserted and of the flow of water required by the user.
  • Both the pressure of the system and the flow required are detected with a system that detects the presence or absence of both the aforesaid parameters (pressure, flow), identifying whether these are above or below a given threshold value.
  • the threshold pressure is said cut-in pressure.
  • the pump is switched on concurrently with the transition below this pressure value.
  • apparatus of this type are characterized by a single cut-in pressure value, which is predetermined in the factory and maintained for the whole of the period of use of the apparatus (for example 1.5 bar).
  • a distinctive feature of the invention is in practice that of providing the user with a plurality of cut-in pressure values, one of which can subsequently be chosen by the user on the basis of the conditions of the specific hydraulic system (for example, 3 levels: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 bar).
  • the cut-in pressure is detected through a system comprising, in its base elements, a magnet (mounted inside the movable stem of the apparatus), the position of which is variable along an axis, on the basis of the pressure of the system, and a reed device, mounted on the electronic card of the device, the position of which is fixed.
  • a magnet mounted inside the movable stem of the apparatus
  • a reed device mounted on the electronic card of the device, the position of which is fixed.
  • the value of the cut-in pressure depends on the "sensitivity" of the reed contact to the field generated by the magnet; according to the invention, this value is varied by acting on the magnet-reed system.
  • an example of embodiment provides for the positioning, on the electronic card of the apparatus according to the invention, for example, of two coils or inductors that can be polarized (i.e. capable of generating a magnetic field), which interact magnetically on the magnet-reed system, consequently modifying the behavior of the same reed.
  • the coils are placed as adjacent as possible to the reed, in a fixed position on the electronic card; consequently, the magnet is the only moving element of the whole system.
  • the coils are driven through a specific electronic circuit, which sets the polarization level (i.e. the intensity of the magnetic field generated) suitable to obtain the desired cut-in value: the higher the polarization value is, the greater the effective sensitivity of the reed, and consequently also the cut-in pressure, will be.
  • the polarization level i.e. the intensity of the magnetic field generated
  • a given polarization level which is maintained constant until the selection is modified by the user, corresponds to a given cut-in value; when a different value is chosen by the user, the polarization is modified, taking it to a new level.
  • the choice of the cut-in pressure value i.e., in the preferred embodiment, the polarization level of the coils, is implemented by the user simply by pressing a button, viewing the selection, for example, through an LED indicator.
  • the polarization levels are predetermined during manufacture, through comparison with a pressure sensor of reference, and stored in the memory of the device permanently.
  • the last setting selected is stored in the memory of the device.
  • an apparatus for controlling start-up and shut-down of a pump of water distribution network is indicated as a whole with the number 10.
  • This apparatus comprises a casing 11, which defines a first chamber 12 provided with an inlet 13 which can be operatively associated with the delivery side of a pump (not shown in the figures) and an outlet 14 to connect to the distribution network (also not shown in the figures).
  • the casing 11 also comprises a second chamber 15, hydraulically isolated from the first chamber 12 by means of a wall 16.
  • This second chamber houses therein at least part of the electronic means for controlling and managing the apparatus, and in particular a card 17 with electronic components mounted thereon, some of which are described below.
  • a system for detecting and/or measuring the flow of water therethrough such as, in this example, a flow switch 18 of known type, which comprises, for example, a slider 19 arranged slidingly in the vertical portion of the outlet 14 and movable upward by the flow of water, when present, opposing its weight force.
  • a slider 19 arranged slidingly in the vertical portion of the outlet 14 and movable upward by the flow of water, when present, opposing its weight force.
  • the head 19A of the slider has a given hydraulic tightness with the outlet 14 and is dimensioned so that a minimum predetermined flow rate corresponds to the pressure jump sufficient to overcome the weight of the slider.
  • the flow switch also comprises a first magnet 20A fixed on one side of the slider 19 close to the wall 16, and a first reed switch 20B arranged on the card 17.
  • a first magnet 20A fixed on one side of the slider 19 close to the wall 16
  • a first reed switch 20B arranged on the card 17.
  • a device 21 for detecting and/or measuring the pressure in said chamber such as a pressure switch, adapted to emit a start-up signal for the pump upon reaching a preset value defined "cut-in pressure".
  • the apparatus 10 comprises a plurality of preset cut-in pressure values stored in the electronic control and management means, so that the user is able to choose, according to needs, the cut-in pressure value most suitable for the actual plant design.
  • the apparatus is provided with interface means available to the user to select one of the preset cut-in pressure values of said plurality.
  • these interface means comprise, for example, a control panel Q arranged on the outside of the casing 11, on which there are available selection controls and other operating indicators.
  • the control panel Q has three LEDs Q1 that indicate the cut-in pressure value currently in use (in the specific example 1.5/2/2.5 bar) and a button Q2 that enables selection of the most suitable value, by multiple pressing.
  • this device 21 for detecting and/or measuring the pressure in the chamber 12 comprises sensor means 22, better described below, sensitive to the magnetic field and adapted to produce an effect or a signal when the size of the magnetic field that surrounds these sensor means exceeds a given operating value, corresponding to the cut-in pressure, and therefore the effect or signal generated by these sensor means 22 is correlated with the drive of the pump.
  • the device 21 also comprises a body 23 sensitive to the pressure in the first chamber 12, movable along a direction as a function of the pressure value in the same chamber 12 in such a manner that a portion 23A thereof moves toward or away from the sensor means 22 on the basis of the pressure in the chamber.
  • this body 23 is a stem constrained to translate in a predetermined direction (for example horizontal).
  • this stem 23 is fixed to a membrane 24 and interacts with a spring 25 in such a manner that the stem is adapted to take an axial position inside the chamber as a function of the pressure present in the chamber.
  • the stem is drawn by the membrane in a direction of compression of the spring 25, moving away from the wall 16 that divides the first chamber from the second chamber with the card 17 and the sensor means 22; when the pressure drops, the spring 25 thrusts the stem in the opposite direction (toward the wall 16).
  • the end 23A of the stem 23 is adapted to enter a recess 16A defined on the wall 16, which extends inside the second chamber 15; the card 17 has a through hole 17A to enable arrangement of the recess 16A.
  • the device 21 for detecting and/or measuring the pressure in the first chamber also comprises magnetic means 26 integral with the portion of the stem 23 that moves toward the sensor means 22. These magnetic means 26 are adapted to produce a magnetic field, hereinafter defined primary magnetic field, the field lines of which are indicated with the letter M1.
  • the sensor means 22 can consist of a second reed device (hereinafter also indicated with the number 22) and the magnetic means 26 can consist of a magnet (hereinafter also indicated with the number 26), in such a manner that when the magnet 26 moves toward the second reed device, the reed switch is closed and a start-up signal for the pump is generated.
  • the value of the primary magnetic field M1 that surrounds the sensor means 22, i.e. the reed device is correlated to the pressure value in the chamber, as the position of the stem 23 with respect to the reed device 22, i.e. the distance of the magnet 26 from this reed device, is a function of the pressure in the chamber.
  • the device for detecting and/or measuring the pressure 21 comprises means 27 adapted to generate at least one secondary magnetic field (for example, two secondary magnetic fields, but which can also be considered as components of a single secondary magnetic field), distinct from the primary magnetic field generated by the magnet 26, adapted to surround the second reed device 22. Therefore, this second reed device 22 is surrounded by the at least one secondary magnetic field and, when the stem 23 moves the magnet 26 toward the reed, due to a negative pressure variation, also by the primary magnetic field M1 generated by the magnet 26.
  • at least one secondary magnetic field for example, two secondary magnetic fields, but which can also be considered as components of a single secondary magnetic field
  • the operating value of the magnetic field that causes on the reed device 22 closing of the switch and generation of the signal/effect that enables activation of the pump is given by the sum of the value of the secondary magnetic fields and of the value of the primary magnetic field that surrounds the second reed device 22.
  • a correlated value of secondary magnetic field (or secondary magnetic fields) that surrounds the second reed device 22 corresponds to each said preset cut-in pressure value of the plurality of values selectable by the user (in the example of the figures, three values, respectively 1.5, 2 and 2.5 bar; it is understood that in other examples these values can only be two or can also be more than three).
  • the presence of a secondary magnetic field modifies the "sensitivity" of the second reed device 22, i.e. a lower value of primary magnetic field is sufficient (with respect to the case with no secondary magnetic field) to cause it to close, producing the effect/signal that activates the pump; a position of the magnet moved further away from the second reed device with respect to the case of no secondary magnetic field i.e. a position of the stem 23 corresponding to a higher cut-in pressure, corresponds to a lower value of primary magnetic field.
  • Figs. 5 , 6 and 7 show the different positions of the stem 23 with the magnet 26 with respect to the second reed device 22, respectively corresponding to the cut-in pressures equal to 2.5 - 2 - 1.5 bar.
  • the sensitivity of the second reed device 22 is indicated in the figures by an activation area S inside which the flow lines of the primary magnetic field M1 of the magnets must be contained. According to the value of the secondary magnetic field, this area S has larger or smaller dimensions.
  • the lower cut-in pressure corresponds to the case in which the secondary magnetic field is substantially null, i.e. corresponds to the conventional case.
  • the means 27 that generate the secondary magnetic field consist of at least one coil or inductance through which the electrical current circulates, thereby generating a magnetic field that surrounds the second reed device 22.
  • the movement of the magnet is preferably orthogonal or almost orthogonal to the axes of the coils and to the card (and preferably orthogonal to the card).
  • the electronic means for controlling and managing operation of the device preferably comprise a voltage stabilizer inside the circuit (not shown), a microcontroller processing circuit, with the program for managing the whole of the apparatus (not shown), a user interface (the control panel Q), a circuit for driving the pump (not shown), the first reed contact 20B for detecting the flow, the second reed contact 22 for detecting the pressure; a pair of coils (inductances) 28.
  • the electronic control and management means also comprise means for varying the electrical current circulating along the coils 28, not described herein but of a type well known to the person skilled in the art.
  • these variation means can be activated by pressing the button Q2 on the control panel Q.
  • pressing the button Q2 this varies, through an appropriate drive circuit, the current circulating along the coils and therefore the total secondary magnetic field that surrounds the second reed device 22, varying the sensitivity thereof, as described above. Therefore, a given value of electrical current circulating along the coils (which can also be equal to "0") corresponds to each cut-in pressure.
  • cut-in pressure the value of the hydraulic pressure for which the second reed 22 is activated is called cut-in pressure; the characteristic of the apparatus is that of providing a plurality of cut-in pressure values, which means that it can be regulated by the user.
  • the cut-in pressure value depends firstly on the primary magnetic field generated by the magnet 26 (and therefore by its position with respect to the second reed device 22).
  • the apparatus enables regulation of the cut-in pressure value by modifying the magnetic field that surrounds the reed 22 produced through the insertion of two coils (one or more) in position adjacent to the same reed device.
  • the number of polarization levels corresponds to the number of cut-in pressures to be placed at the user's disposal.
  • the values are pre-loaded in the memory of the electronic means, and determined during calibration of the apparatus.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP13164394.2A 2012-04-20 2013-04-19 Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Einschaltens und Abschaltens einer Pumpe eines Wasserverteilungsnetzes Active EP2653725B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000079A ITFI20120079A1 (it) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 "apparecchio per il controllo dell'avviamento e dell'arresto di una pompa di una rete di distribuzione idrica"

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2653725A1 true EP2653725A1 (de) 2013-10-23
EP2653725B1 EP2653725B1 (de) 2017-05-17

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EP (1) EP2653725B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2637188T3 (de)
IT (1) ITFI20120079A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106401934A (zh) * 2016-12-16 2017-02-15 浙江美泰泵业科技有限公司 水泵的智能控制结构
CN108953126A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-07 浙江耀达智能科技股份有限公司 一种免频繁启动、大功率电子开关
EP3456973A1 (de) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-20 Trevitech S.r.l. Steuerungsvorrichtung einer mit dreiphasigem strom gespeisten pumpe und verfahren zur steuerung der stromzufuhr der besagten vorrichtung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES1275679Y (es) * 2021-03-29 2021-10-27 Coelbo Control System S L Dispositivo de control de encendido/ apagado de bomba hidráulica

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0539721A1 (de) 1991-10-21 1993-05-05 WATERTECH S.r.l. Steuervorrichtung zum Ein- und Ausschalten einer Pumpe in einem Wasserversorgungsnetz
EP0819851A2 (de) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-21 GARDENA Kress + Kastner GmbH Steuereinrichtung für eine Förderpumpe oder dlg.
WO1998036339A1 (en) * 1997-02-13 1998-08-20 Hydroservice S.R.L. A self-regulating computerized proportional control device for a water pump
EP1336761A2 (de) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-20 Schneider Electric Industrie Italia S.p.A. Steuereinrichtung für Autoklavpumpe
WO2003074873A1 (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-09-12 Watertech, S.P.A. Apparatus for on/off controlling a pump in a liquid distribution network
US20100189572A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Grundfos Pumps Corporation Pump assembly having an integrated user interface

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0539721A1 (de) 1991-10-21 1993-05-05 WATERTECH S.r.l. Steuervorrichtung zum Ein- und Ausschalten einer Pumpe in einem Wasserversorgungsnetz
EP0819851A2 (de) * 1996-07-19 1998-01-21 GARDENA Kress + Kastner GmbH Steuereinrichtung für eine Förderpumpe oder dlg.
WO1998036339A1 (en) * 1997-02-13 1998-08-20 Hydroservice S.R.L. A self-regulating computerized proportional control device for a water pump
EP1336761A2 (de) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-20 Schneider Electric Industrie Italia S.p.A. Steuereinrichtung für Autoklavpumpe
WO2003074873A1 (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-09-12 Watertech, S.P.A. Apparatus for on/off controlling a pump in a liquid distribution network
US20100189572A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Grundfos Pumps Corporation Pump assembly having an integrated user interface

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106401934A (zh) * 2016-12-16 2017-02-15 浙江美泰泵业科技有限公司 水泵的智能控制结构
EP3456973A1 (de) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-20 Trevitech S.r.l. Steuerungsvorrichtung einer mit dreiphasigem strom gespeisten pumpe und verfahren zur steuerung der stromzufuhr der besagten vorrichtung
CN108953126A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-07 浙江耀达智能科技股份有限公司 一种免频繁启动、大功率电子开关

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Publication number Publication date
ES2637188T3 (es) 2017-10-11
EP2653725B1 (de) 2017-05-17
ITFI20120079A1 (it) 2013-10-21

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