EP2655821A1 - Machine à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement de cette machine - Google Patents

Machine à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement de cette machine

Info

Publication number
EP2655821A1
EP2655821A1 EP11799638.9A EP11799638A EP2655821A1 EP 2655821 A1 EP2655821 A1 EP 2655821A1 EP 11799638 A EP11799638 A EP 11799638A EP 2655821 A1 EP2655821 A1 EP 2655821A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
burner
fuel
engine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11799638.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rolf Miebach
Stephan Schraml
Markus Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutz AG
Original Assignee
Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutz AG filed Critical Deutz AG
Publication of EP2655821A1 publication Critical patent/EP2655821A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine and a method for operating the same.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an internal combustion engine with evaporator device or a method for operating such an internal combustion engine with evaporator device in an exhaust system, in particular in front of an SCR catalyst, which manage without additional reducing agent.
  • This object is achieved in that a delivery device for an evaporative liquid is inserted into the exhaust pipe of a burner.
  • the corresponding method is characterized in that the burner provides a basic thermal power, the lower limit of which is predetermined by the provision of a sufficient amount of energy for the vaporization of an amount of vapor liquid introduced into the exhaust gas line.
  • the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the evaporator device can be used for any liquid to be evaporated.
  • the liquid is a fuel
  • it is preferably the same fuel, for example diesel fuel, which is also injected with the supply device of the burner.
  • a gaseous fuel for example natural gas
  • the separate introduction of the additional burner Stoffs on the introduction device has the advantage that in contrast to the prior art, for example, a required amount of fuel for a process must not be supplied through the supply device of the burner, but downstream of the burner, a subset of the total required fuel as "secondary fuel quantity" is supplied , This secondary fuel quantity is then finally processed in a completely controlled manner and / or burned.
  • an orifice of the introduction device in the exhaust pipe has an atomizing nozzle, in particular a pressure atomizing nozzle or an air atomizing nozzle.
  • the introduction device can also be designed as an air Stromzerstäuberdüse. The Heilstromzerstäuberdüse is operated so that the evaporation liquid is introduced with a small amount of air into the exhaust pipe. If the evaporative liquid is fuel, for example, during normal operation of an air atomizing nozzle, 20 l of air / min. and 2 cm 3 / min.
  • a venturi device is arranged in the exhaust gas line in the region of an opening of the introduction device. This causes a rapid mixing of the successive partial flows of exhaust gas and vaporized liquid.
  • the burner with the combustion chamber, the exhaust pipe and the introduction device are integrated in a housing and the housing is adapted to the exhaust pipe.
  • a construction unit is provided which can be attached to various exhaust pipes.
  • the housing can ideally be designed such that, when used on an internal combustion engine, it is preferably connected to the exhaust gas system near the engine, for example directly behind the exhaust manifold or an exhaust gas turbocharger of the internal combustion engine. can be built.
  • the exhaust pipe protrudes with at least one outlet into the exhaust pipe. This ensures a good mixing of the coincident gas streams.
  • the exhaust pipe is preferably concentrically introduced into the exhaust pipe so that the outlet from the exhaust pipe in the flow direction of the process exhaust stream, so for example, the engine exhaust gas flow is arranged.
  • the burner exhaust gas is controlled cooled (at a supply in the flow direction before the mouth of the introduction), in the form that enough power for evaporation of the evaporating liquid is still provided, but its ignition (if the evaporative liquid is fuel) is prevented.
  • the supply can also take place in the region of the mouth or in the flow direction behind the mouth.
  • the chemical reactions of the evaporating liquid with the burner exhaust gas and / or the process exhaust gas can be promoted or prevented as may be required.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device comprises a nitrogen oxide selectively catalytically reducing catalyst and / or an oxidation catalyst and / or at least one particle filter.
  • Each of the catalysts or the catalyst particle filter systems can be operated with the evaporation device according to the invention alone or in any desired combination, as will be explained in detail below in connection with the method of operation.
  • the present invention includes an evaporator unit having the property of converting diesel fuel into other (ideally short chain) hydrocarbons, this particular HC mix providing high NOx conversion rates on the downstream SCR catalyst as illustrated in FIG.
  • the constructive embodiments described above are used to implement the following described further embodiment of the invention Betreibungs vides useful.
  • the burner is operated in a lambda range of 0.75 to 1.75, preferably 1.
  • the burner is designed such that it can be operated in a power range up to 20 kW, preferably up to 15 kW and very preferably up to 5 kW. It is an object of the invention to operate the burner with the lowest possible power, because then in particular the required air conveyor for the supply of (combustion) air can be relatively easily configured. Furthermore, by the inventive method in a general form evaporating liquid (optionally with the direct addition of a subset of process exhaust gas) is evaporated by the burner exhaust gas and passed together with the burner exhaust gas and the total amount of process exhaust gas in the exhaust gas aftertreatment device to cause the provided there SCR reaction.
  • a temperature of up to 650 ° C is generated by the oxidation of the vaporized fuel, which is needed for the regeneration of particulate filters.
  • different vapor liquids, in particular fuel can be introduced into the exhaust pipe via one or more introduction devices. With only one introduction device, the supply of the evaporative liquid is alternately controlled via a corresponding switching device, while in two existing introduction devices, the switching device is not needed.
  • an alternate supply of vaporized liquid normally takes place an alternate supply of vaporized liquid.
  • This alternating supply can be advantageously used, for example, if the oxidation catalyst is a general-purpose vanadium-containing catalyst in particular, which is also suitable for assisting the selective catalytic reduction of NO x.
  • the oxidation catalyst is alternately used for different functions.
  • a partial amount of the fuel quantity introduced and vaporized as evaporating liquid is oxidized with the release of heat within the exhaust gas line and / or the location of the merging with the process exhaust gas.
  • the total thermal power can be increased so far with a minimum set burner power that a safe commissioning of a catalyst takes place.
  • an oxidation catalytic converter In order to start its activity, that is to say a catalytic reaction of the
  • an oxidation catalytic converter must reach a predetermined minimum temperature, for example 300 ° C. This temperature is achieved by summing the burner output and the power generated by the burned subset.
  • the oxidized subset of the evaporated fuel quantity is kept at least approximately constant independently of the total amount of fuel evaporated. In this case, it is further envisaged to end the partial conversion after exceeding a limit quantity of the partially converted fuel quantity and to evaporate the total fuel mass as a whole.
  • An alternative embodiment provides an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas aftertreatment device, which consists in the flow direction of the exhaust gas of the following components:
  • Burners having an evaporator device for generating heat and for providing substances, which substances in the subsequent catalysts support desired reactions, from an SCR catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides and optionally an oxidation catalyst and a particle filter or a catalytic converter. lytically coated particulate filter.
  • the said substances are produced by evaporation of an evaporating liquid.
  • the substances are produced by evaporation and by chemical reactions of the evaporative liquid with the burner exhaust gas and / or the Process exhaust or the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (VKM) generated.
  • the vaporization liquid preferably consists of the same fuel that is also injected with the supply device of the burner.
  • the vaporous liquid is diesel fuel or biodiesel fuel.
  • the generated substances are used in an SCR catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • the SCR catalytic converter is followed by an oxidation catalytic converter in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • the oxidation catalyst is followed by a particle filter or a catalytically coated particle filter in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • the vaporization liquid is the same fuel that is also injected with the supply device of the burner, it is oxidized in the oxidation catalyst and / or in a catalytically coated particle filter and thus generates the temperatures required for regeneration of the particle filter, preferably in such a way that always a catalytically coated filter is included in the exhaust tract.
  • an uncoated filter is provided.
  • a special HC mix is provided from entrained diesel fuel through the burner / evaporator unit. Burner / evaporator acts as a reformer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a burner-A steam generator unit with SCR catalyst
  • Figure 2 shows the experimental setup for sampling the vaporized
  • FIG. 3 shows the exemplary temperature profile before / after DOC during a thermal regeneration of the DPF
  • Figure 4 shows the chemical composition of the gas sample at the time of the maximum secondary fuel amount
  • FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 with an exhaust tract 2.
  • a housing 15 in which a burner or an evaporator 3 and a metering device 4 are arranged.
  • the burner and / or the evaporator 3 are preferably operated with the same fuel or evaporator material, in particular diesel fuel.
  • the burner and / or evaporator 3 and the metering device 4 arranged in the flow direction are connected to the control or control unit 5.
  • the fuel supply unit 6, which supplies fuel to both the burner and / or evaporator 3 and the metering device 4, is connected to the control unit 5.
  • the burner and / or evaporator 3 has an air supply unit 7, which is connected to the control or control unit 5.
  • an SCR catalytic converter 10 Downstream of the housing 15, an SCR catalytic converter 10 is arranged in the exhaust tract 2.
  • a pressure or temperature measuring sensor 8 In the flow direction in front of the SCR catalytic converter 10, a pressure or temperature measuring sensor 8 is arranged.
  • a pressure or temperature measuring sensor 9 is installed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas after the SCR catalyst 10.
  • the pressure or temperature measuring sensors 8, 9 are connected to the control or control unit 5.
  • an air mass sensor 1 1 is arranged, which is connected to the control or control unit 5.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment system (EATS) will consist of either an EGR in combination with DPF and upstream DOC or an SCR system to reduce nitrogen oxides.
  • EGR exhaust aftertreatment system
  • SCR SCR system
  • the thermal performance of the first stage is designed so that the DOC's light-off temperature of about 300 ° C, which serves as a catalytic burner for the thermal regeneration of a DPF, in the entire engine map in all environments - and operating conditions is achieved.
  • the atmospheric diesel burner is operated stoichiometrically with a turbulent premix flame, the flame stabilization being achieved by means of a swirl flow and a recirculation vortex.
  • the mixture formation takes place with a Lucaszerstäuberdüse, which is used at the same time for the swirl generation within the combustion chamber.
  • the design of the atomizer nozzle and the dimensioning of the combustion chamber allow the operation of the diesel burner in a power range of 8 to 15 kW.
  • An electric air pump with speed control provides the required combustion air.
  • a hot film sensor is used.
  • the air supply to the burner is designed so that on the one hand the ignition components are cooled and on the other hand, a combustion air preheating is realized, which ensures an increase in combustion stability.
  • a burner head cooling with cooling water can be achieved in this case that the complete burner power is available for heating the exhaust gas and is not dissipated via the coolant.
  • the fuel is supplied by means of an extended metering module, wherein an additional metering valve is installed for the fuel supply of the first burner stage.
  • the ignition system of the burner consists of two main components. Centrally to the swirl atomizing nozzle, a glow plug for the evaporation of the fuel is arranged and in the combustion chamber rear wall two spark plugs are installed, which allow a continuous spark ignition. With this configuration, a reliable ignition can be realized even with highly unsteady engine operation and in extreme cold weather conditions down to -25 ° C as well as for biodiesel mixtures up to 30%.
  • diesel fuel is metered into the exhaust gas of the first stage, so that it evaporates in the very hot oxygen-poor exhaust gas, but is hardly oxidized.
  • an evaporator tube is installed directly at the burner outlet, which is dimensioned so that the spray injected sufficient residence time for complete evaporation is available, thus allowing an ideal treatment for the catalytic oxidation.
  • Spray generation is assisted by air to generate the necessary fine droplets.
  • the burner gas is mixed with the engine exhaust gas and the subsequent oxidation of the vaporized hydrocarbons in the DOC.
  • the metering amount of the second stage serves as a control variable for the regeneration temperature.
  • a sufficiently large drop surface and residence time of the droplets in the evaporator tube are available to process about 150 g of diesel fuel per minute.
  • the main advantage of the complete evaporation of the diesel fuel in the second burner stage is that on the one hand vaporized diesel fuel has very good transport properties. In this case, without further application onsaufwand realize very different pipe guide. On the other hand, a homogeneous distribution of hydrocarbons on the catalyst surface is guaranteed. This leads to very low radial temperature gradients in the catalyst, which has a positive effect on the thermo-mechanical loading of the catalyst and thus on the durability.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une machine à combustion interne (1) comprenant au moins un trajet de gaz d'échappement (2), au moins un brûleur et/ou un vaporiseur (3), au moins un dispositif de dosage (4), au moins une unité de régulation ou de commande (5) et une unité (6) d'alimentation en combustible qui communique avec le brûleur et/ou avec le vaporiseur (3), ainsi qu'au moins un catalyseur SCR (de réduction catalytique sélective) (10).
EP11799638.9A 2010-12-22 2011-12-16 Machine à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement de cette machine Withdrawn EP2655821A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010055548A DE102010055548A1 (de) 2010-12-22 2010-12-22 Verbrennungskraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben
PCT/EP2011/006363 WO2012084156A1 (fr) 2010-12-22 2011-12-16 Machine à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement de cette machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2655821A1 true EP2655821A1 (fr) 2013-10-30

Family

ID=45401033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11799638.9A Withdrawn EP2655821A1 (fr) 2010-12-22 2011-12-16 Machine à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement de cette machine

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2655821A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010055548A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012084156A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109538367A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-29 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 车辆冷启动冒黄烟的解决方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009023550A1 (de) * 2009-05-30 2010-12-09 Deutz Ag Abgasnachbehandlungssystem
DE102019006494B4 (de) * 2019-09-13 2024-03-28 Daimler Truck AG Abgasanlage für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Antriebseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie Kraftfahrzeug
DE102020200105A1 (de) * 2020-01-08 2021-07-08 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Abgasstrangabschnitt mit Brenner und Kraftfahrzeug mit solch einem Abgasstrangabschnitt

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005039630B4 (de) 2005-08-20 2007-08-02 Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Vorrichtung, Reaktor und Verfahren zur Reduzierung von Stickoxyden im Abgasstrom von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen
DE102005054733A1 (de) * 2005-11-17 2007-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brenner zur Katalysatoraufheizung mit gesteuerter oder geregelter Kraftstoffzuführung
DE102007053130A1 (de) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 Daimler Ag Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgassystem
DE102008026477A1 (de) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-10 Deutz Ag Abgasnachbehandlungssystem für eine selbstzündende Brennkraftmaschine
DE102008063515A1 (de) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Deutz Ag Verdampfer
DE102009023550A1 (de) * 2009-05-30 2010-12-09 Deutz Ag Abgasnachbehandlungssystem

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See also references of WO2012084156A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109538367A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-29 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 车辆冷启动冒黄烟的解决方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012084156A1 (fr) 2012-06-28
DE102010055548A1 (de) 2012-06-28

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