EP2664746A2 - Systèmes et procédés permettant de régler des dégagements dans des turbines - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés permettant de régler des dégagements dans des turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2664746A2
EP2664746A2 EP13167183.6A EP13167183A EP2664746A2 EP 2664746 A2 EP2664746 A2 EP 2664746A2 EP 13167183 A EP13167183 A EP 13167183A EP 2664746 A2 EP2664746 A2 EP 2664746A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
turbine casing
thermoelectric element
casing
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13167183.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2664746A3 (fr
Inventor
Rahul J. Chillar
Adil Ansari
Ezio PENA
Nicolas Antoine
Jean-louis VIGNOLO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/473,095 external-priority patent/US9151176B2/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP2664746A2 publication Critical patent/EP2664746A2/fr
Publication of EP2664746A3 publication Critical patent/EP2664746A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
    • F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
    • F01D11/24—Actively adjusting tip-clearance by selectively cooling-heating stator or rotor components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/40—Type of control system
    • F05D2270/44—Type of control system active, predictive, or anticipative

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present application relate generally to turbines, and more particularly to systems and methods for adjusting clearances in turbines.
  • Turbine blades and turbine casings may expand or contract during startup and operation of a turbine due to the thermal state of the turbine. Accordingly, a clearance between the turbine blades and the turbine casing may vary due to the expansion and contraction of the turbine blades and turbine casing. Generally, the smaller the clearance between the turbine blades and the turbine casing, the greater the efficiency of the turbine during operation. Moreover, the larger the clearance between the turbine blades and the turbine casing, the faster the startup of the turbine.
  • Disclosed embodiments may include systems and methods for adjusting clearances in turbines.
  • a turbine system may include one or more turbine blades, a turbine casing encompassing the one or more turbine blades, a thermoelectric element disposed at least partially about the turbine casing, a cooling system in communication with the thermoelectric element, and a controller in communication with the cooling system and the thermoelectric element.
  • the controller may be operable to control the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing by heating or cooling at least a portion of the turbine casing with the thermoelectric element and by adjusting the cooling system such that a clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing is adjusted.
  • the turbine may include a turbine casing encompassing one or more turbine blades.
  • the method may include positioning one or more thermoelectric elements at least partially about the turbine casing, providing a cooling system in communication with the one or more thermoelectric elements, controlling a voltage to the one or more thermoelectric elements, and controlling a fluid flow of the cooling system.
  • the system may include one or more turbine blades, a turbine casing encompassing the one or more turbine blades, at least one thermoelectric element disposed at least partially about the turbine casing, a cooling system in communication with the thermoelectric element, and a controller in communication with the cooling system and the at least one thermoelectric element.
  • the controller may include a computer processor and a memory in communication with the computer processor operable to store computer-executable instructions operable to control the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing by heating or cooling at least a portion of the turbine casing with the thermoelectric element and by adjusting the cooling system such that a clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing is adjusted.
  • Illustrative embodiments are directed to, among other things, systems and methods for adjusting clearances in a turbine. Certain illustrative embodiments may be directed to a thermoelectric element disposed about at least a portion of a turbine casing for expanding or contracting the turbine casing by heating or cooling at least a portion of the turbine casing thereby adjusting a clearance between one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing.
  • the thermoelectric element may include a Peltier element disposed between a cold sink and a heat sink.
  • a voltage may be applied to the Peltier element to control heat transfer between the cold sink and the heat sink.
  • the cold sink and the heat sink may be dependent on the polarity of the applied voltage to the Peltier element.
  • the cold sink and the heat sink may include ceramic plates.
  • the heat sink may be in communication with a cooling system.
  • the thermoelectric element may be disposed circumferentially about at least a portion of the turbine casing in line with the one or more turbine blades.
  • the clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing may be reduced to increase efficiency during operation. In this manner, the turbine casing may be cooled to contract it about the one or more turbine blades. In another embodiment, the clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing may be increased to increase efficiency during startup and increase the speed of the startup. In this manner, the turbine casing may be heated to expand it about the one or more turbine blades to allow the one or more turbine blades to expand during startup. In yet another embodiment, the clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing may be adjusted to increase efficiency during transitions.
  • FIG. 1 provides an example turbine system 100 illustrating details for adjusting clearances in a turbine 102.
  • the turbine 102 may include one or more turbine blades 104 (or rotors).
  • the turbine 102 may also include a turbine casing 106 (or stator) such that the turbine casing 106 encompasses the one or more turbine blades 104.
  • the one or more turbine blades 104 generally rotate about a center axis 109 of the turbine 102.
  • the turbine 102 may include a clearance 108 between the distal ends of the one or more turbine blades 104 and the inner radius of the turbine casing 106.
  • the turbine system 100 may include a thermoelectric element 110 disposed at least partially about the turbine casing 106.
  • the thermoelectric element 110 may be disposed at least partially about the turbine casing in line within the turbine blades 104.
  • the thermoelectric element 110 may heat or cool a portion of the turbine casing 106 in communication with the thermoelectric element 110.
  • the heating and cooling of the turbine casing 106 by the thermoelectric element 110 may expand or contract at least a portion of the turbine casing 106, respectively.
  • the expansion and contraction of the turbine casing 106 adjusts the clearance 108 between the one or more turbine blades 104 and the turbine casing 106.
  • One or more thermal sensors may be disposed on or about the turbine casing, the one or more turbine blades, and/or any other location on or about the turbine to monitor the turbine system 100.
  • the thermoelectric element 110 may include a heat sink 111 for dissipating heat from the thermoelectric element 110.
  • the heating or cooling of the one or more thermoelectric elements 110 is dependent on a voltage and polarity received from a power source 132.
  • the heat sink 111 may be a heat sink or a cold sink depending on the polarity of the power source received by the thermoelectric element 110. Accordingly, whether the thermoelectric element is in a heating mode or a cooling mode is dependent on the polarity of the power source 132.
  • the turbine system 100 may include a controller device 112 for adjusting the clearance between the one or more turbine blades 104 and the turbine casing 106.
  • the controller device 112 may be configured as any suitable computing device capable of implementing the disclosed features, and accompanying methods, such as, but not limited to, those described with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • suitable computing devices may include personal computers (PCs), servers, server farms, data centers, or any other device capable of storing and executing all or part of the disclosed features.
  • the controller device 112 includes at least a memory 114 and one or more processing units (or processor(s)) 116.
  • the processor(s) 116 may be implemented as appropriate in hardware, software, firmware, or combinations thereof.
  • Software or firmware implementations of the processor(s) 116 may include computer-executable or machine-executable instructions written in any suitable programming language to perform the various functions described.
  • Memory 114 may store program instructions that are loadable and executable on the processor(s) 116, as well as data generated during the execution of these programs.
  • memory 114 may be volatile (such as random access memory (RAM)) and/or non-volatile (such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.).
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • the computing device or server may also include additional removable storage 118 and/or non-removable storage 120 including, but not limited to, magnetic storage, optical disks, and/or tape storage.
  • the disk drives and their associated computer-readable media may provide non-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for the computing devices.
  • the memory 114 may include multiple different types of memory, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or ROM.
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • Memory 114, removable storage 118, and non-removable storage 120 are all examples of computer-readable storage media.
  • computer-readable storage media may include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.
  • Memory 114, removable storage 118, and non-removable storage 120 are all examples of computer storage media.
  • Additional types of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, programmable random access memory (PRAM), SRAM, DRAM, RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the server or other computing device. Combinations of any of above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • computer-readable communication media may include computer-readable instructions, program modules, or other data transmitted within a data signal, such as a carrier wave, or other transmission.
  • the controller device 112 may also contain communication connection(s) 122 that allow the controller device 112 to communicate with a stored database, another computing device or server, user terminals, and/or other devices on a network.
  • the controller device 112 may also include input device(s) 124, such as a keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc., and output device(s) 126, such as a display, speakers, printer, etc.
  • the memory 114 may include an operating system 128 and one or more application programs or services for implementing the features disclosed herein including a clearance module 130.
  • the clearance module 130 may be configured to control the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing 106 by controlling the heating or cooling of at least a portion of the turbine casing 106 via the one or more thermoelectric elements 110 such that the clearance 108 between the one or more turbine blades 104 and the turbine casing 106 is adjusted due to the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing 106.
  • the clearance module 130 can control the heating or cooling of the one or more thermoelectric elements 110 by controlling the voltage and polarity received by the one or more thermoelectric elements 110 from the power source 132.
  • the heating or cooling of the thermoelectric element 110 is dependent on the polarity of the voltage it receives from the power source 132. In certain embodiments, as power from the power source 132 is increased, the heating or cooling of the turbine casing 106 may increase. Conversely, in other embodiments, as power from the power source 132 is decreased, the heating or cooling of the turbine casing 106 may decrease.
  • program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., for performing particular tasks or implementing particular abstract data types.
  • program modules and the like may be executed as native code or may be downloaded and executed, such as in a virtual machine or other just-in-time compilation execution environment.
  • functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
  • An implementation of these modules and techniques may be stored on some form of computer-readable storage media.
  • the example controller device 112 shown in FIG. 1 is provided by way of example only. Numerous other operating environments, system architectures, and device configurations are possible. Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to any particular operating environment, system architecture, or device configuration.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating details of an example thermoelectric element 200.
  • the thermoelectric element 200 may include at least one Peltier element or may include a component employing or otherwise implementing the Peltier effect.
  • the thermoelectric element 200 may include a semiconductor 202 doped with N-type impurity ions and a semiconductor 204 doped with P-type impurity ions.
  • the N-type and P-type doped semiconductor elements 202 and 204 may be connected together by conductors 206 and 208 to form a serial electronic circuit and a parallel thermal circuit.
  • Heat transfer substrates 210 and 212 may enclose the conductors 206 and 208, respectively.
  • the heat transfer substrates 210 and 212 may be cold sinks or heat sinks depending on the polarity of the thermoelectric element 200.
  • thermoelectric element 200 As is known in Peltier-type thermoelectric elements, the application of a current 214 to the thermoelectric element 200 facilitates localized heating and/or cooling in the junctions and/or conductors as the energy difference in the Peltier-type thermoelectric element becomes converted to heat or cold. Accordingly, the thermoelectric element 200 can be arranged such that heating occurs in one location and cooling in another and vice versa.
  • the heat transfer substrates 210 and 212 may be a cold sink or heat sink depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the thermoelectric element 200.
  • the heat transfer substrate 212 is a cold sink
  • the heat transfer substrate 210 is a heat sink.
  • the heat transfer substrate 212 may be a heat sink
  • the heat transfer substrate 210 may be a cold sink.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustrating an example turbine system 300.
  • the turbine system 300 may include a turbine 302.
  • the turbine 302 may include a turbine casing 304.
  • the turbine system 300 may also include a thermoelectric element 306 disposed at least partially about the turbine casing 304.
  • the thermoelectric element 306 heats or cools a portion of the turbine casing 304 in communication with the thermoelectric element 306.
  • the heating and cooling of the turbine casing 304 by the thermoelectric element 306 expands or contracts at least a portion of the turbine casing 304, respectively.
  • the expansion and contraction of the turbine casing 304 adjusts the clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing 304.
  • the thermoelectric element 306 may be in communication with a cooling system 307.
  • the cooling system 307 may comprise a ventilation system 308.
  • the thermoelectric element 306 when in a cooling mode, the thermoelectric element 306 may include an outer heat sink portion 111 as depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • the heat sink portion may dissipate heat transferred from the turbine casing 304 into the surrounding environment.
  • the ventilation system 308 may direct the dissipated heat from the heat sink portion of the thermoelectric element 306 to a remote location where the heat may be recycled or discarded.
  • the cooling system 307 may include a cooling circuit 310.
  • the cooling system 308 may include a refrigerant cooling circuit in communication with the thermoelectric element 306.
  • the refrigerant cooling circuit may include a water cooling loop (open or closed). Any type or number of coolants may be used in the cooling circuit 310.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example flow diagram of a method 400 for adjusting clearances in a turbine, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the illustrative controller device 112 of FIG. 1 and/or one or more modules of the illustrative controller device 112, alone or in combination, may perform the described operations of the method 400.
  • the method 400 may begin at block 402 of FIG. 4 in which the method 400 may include positioning one or more thermoelectric elements at least partially about the turbine casing.
  • the one or more thermoelectric elements may be position inline with the one or more turbine blades or adjacent to the one or more turbine blades.
  • the one or more thermoelectric elements may by positioned about the entire circumference of the turbine casing or only a portion of the circumference of the turbine casing.
  • the one or more thermoelectric elements may be positioned at any location and in any pattern on or about the turbine casing.
  • Block 402 is followed by block 404.
  • the method 400 may include controlling the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing by heating or cooling at least a portion of the turbine casing with the one or more thermoelectric elements, wherein a clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing is adjusted. For example, in certain embodiments, the method 400 reduces the clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing to increase efficiency during operation, i.e., the turbine casing may be cooled to contract it about the one or more turbine blades.
  • the method 400 increases the clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing to increase efficiency during startup, i.e., the turbine casing may be heated to expand it about the one or more turbine blades to allow the one or more turbine blades to expand during startup.
  • the thermoelectric element system 500 may include at least one Peltier element 502 or may include a component employing or otherwise implementing the Peltier effect.
  • the heat transfer substrates 504 and 506 may be a cold sink or heat sink depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the thermoelectric element system 500.
  • the heat transfer substrate 504 may include a foam metal (such as, for example, copper foam, aluminum foam, or graphite foam) and the heat transfer substrate 506 may include a ceramic wafer (e.g., silicon or the like). In this embodiment, the ceramic wafer 506 may be disposed in abutting relation against the turbine casing 106.
  • the thermoelectric element system 500 may be configured to control the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing 106 by controlling the heating or cooling of at least a portion of the turbine casing 106 via the at least one Peltier element 502, the metal foam heat sink 504, the ceramic wafer 506, and the cooling system 512 such that the clearance between the one or more turbine blades and the turbine casing 106 is adjusted due to the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing 106.
  • the thermoelectric element system 500 can control the heating or cooling of the turbine casing 106 by controlling the voltage and polarity received by the at least one Peltier element 502. That is, the heating or cooling of the turbine casing 106 is dependent on the polarity of the voltage to the at least one Peltier element 502.
  • a controller 510 may be in communication with both the at least one Peltier element 502 and a cooling system 512.
  • the controller 510 may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof for performing the functions described herein.
  • the controller 510 may be a processor, an ASIC, a comparator, a differential module, or other hardware means.
  • the controller 510 may include software or other computer-executable instructions that may be stored in a memory and executable by a processor or other processing means. In some instances, the controller 510 may be similar to the previously discussed controller device 112.
  • the controller 510 may enable the at least one Peltier element 502 and the cooling system 512 to work in tandem to control the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing 106.
  • a temperature sensor 508 may monitor the temperature of the turbine casing 106.
  • the controller 510 may adjusted (e.g., increase, decrease, and/or reverse) the voltage to the at least one Peltier element 502.
  • the controller 510 may adjust the cooling system 512 to increase or decrease the amount of air (e.g., ambient air) directed to the metal foam 504 heat sink to increase or decrease heat transfer. In this manner, the controller 510 may concurrently control the at least one Peltier element 502 and the cooling system 512 to control the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing 106.
  • air e.g., ambient air
  • the thermoelectric element system 500 may be disposed within a turbine compartment 514.
  • the turbine compartment 514 may wholly or partially enclose the thermoelectric element system 500 therein.
  • the turbine compartment 514 may be under negative pressure so as to prevent the leakage of fluid therefrom.
  • the controller 510 may be in communication with the cooling system 512 to control the flow of fluid throughout the turbine compartment 514.
  • the controller 510 may be in communication with one or more flow valves or dampers of the cooling system 512.
  • the controller 510 may manipulate the one or more flow valves or dampers of the cooling system 512 to adjust the fluid flow directed towards the metal foam 504 heat sink to increase or decrease heat transfer.
  • the cooling system 512 may work in tandem with the at least one Peltier element 502 and to control the expansion or contraction of the turbine casing 106.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
EP13167183.6A 2012-05-16 2013-05-09 Systèmes et procédés permettant de régler des dégagements dans des turbines Withdrawn EP2664746A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/473,095 US9151176B2 (en) 2011-11-22 2012-05-16 Systems and methods for adjusting clearances in turbines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2664746A2 true EP2664746A2 (fr) 2013-11-20
EP2664746A3 EP2664746A3 (fr) 2014-04-23

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EP13167183.6A Withdrawn EP2664746A3 (fr) 2012-05-16 2013-05-09 Systèmes et procédés permettant de régler des dégagements dans des turbines

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EP (1) EP2664746A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP6126453B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103422914B (fr)
RU (1) RU2648196C2 (fr)

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WO2013141937A1 (fr) 2011-12-30 2013-09-26 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. Commande de jeu d'extrémité de turbine à gaz
CN116792164A (zh) * 2023-04-21 2023-09-22 清航空天(北京)科技有限公司 一种控制涡轮叶片间隙的装置、系统及方法

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US12123308B2 (en) * 2022-03-23 2024-10-22 General Electric Company Clearance control system for a gas turbine engine

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CN116792164A (zh) * 2023-04-21 2023-09-22 清航空天(北京)科技有限公司 一种控制涡轮叶片间隙的装置、系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2013122075A (ru) 2014-11-20
JP2013238230A (ja) 2013-11-28
CN103422914B (zh) 2016-07-06
JP6126453B2 (ja) 2017-05-10
RU2648196C2 (ru) 2018-03-22
EP2664746A3 (fr) 2014-04-23
CN103422914A (zh) 2013-12-04

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