EP2667097B1 - Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2667097B1
EP2667097B1 EP12169240.4A EP12169240A EP2667097B1 EP 2667097 B1 EP2667097 B1 EP 2667097B1 EP 12169240 A EP12169240 A EP 12169240A EP 2667097 B1 EP2667097 B1 EP 2667097B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
gas
air
air mixture
flattening
calibration
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Application number
EP12169240.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2667097A1 (de
Inventor
Gerwin Langius
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Garrett Motion SARL
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Honeywell Technologies SARL
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Priority to EP12169240.4A priority Critical patent/EP2667097B1/de
Publication of EP2667097A1 publication Critical patent/EP2667097A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices

Definitions

  • the present patent application relates to a method for operating a gas burner.
  • EP 0 833 106 B1 discloses a method for operating a gas burner. According to this prior art document, during burner-on phases of the gas burner a defined gas/air mixture having a defined mixing ratio of gas and air is provided to a burner chamber of the gas burner. The defined gas/air mixture is provided by mixing an air flow provided by an air duct with a gas flow provided by a gas duct. The quantity of the air flow is adjusted by a fan. The defined mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is controlled by a controller.
  • EP 0 833 106 B1 discloses a method to calibrate the defined gas/air mixture to different gas qualities depending on a signal provided by an ionization sensor.
  • EP 0 962 703 B1 discloses that the calibration of the defined gas/air mixture to different gas qualities on basis of a signal provided by an ionization sensor shall only be performed in a range close to full-load operation of the gas burner, whereby the range close to full full-load operation lies between 60% and 100% of full full-load operation of the gas burner.
  • EP 1 309 821 B1 discloses that the calibration of the defined gas/air mixture to different gas qualities on basis of a signal provided by an ionization sensor shall be only performed at selected times, namely immediately after installation of the sensor and/or immediately after restart of the gas burner and/or immediately after a reset.
  • DE 10 2008 031 979 A1 discloses a calibration of the defined gas/air mixture to different gas qualities on basis of a signal provided by an ionization sensor, whereby for the calibration during burner-on phases in a first step the gas/air mixture is made leaner by increasing the air amount of the gas/air mixture relative to the gas amount of the same until the gradient of the signal provided by the ionization sensor becomes grater than a threshold, and that afterwards the gas/air mixture is made richer by increasing the gas amount of the gas/air mixture relative to the air amount of the same.
  • Document EP 0806610 A2 discloses a method of operating a gas burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the method for operating a gas burner according to the present application is defined in the claim 1.
  • the method according to the present application is directed to the calibration of the defined gas/air mixture to different gas qualities.
  • the present application teaches to distinguish between a flattening detection and a maximum detection of the signal provided by the ionization sensor. Such a differentiation between the flattening detection and the maximum detection provides an improved calibration of the defined gas/air mixture to different gas qualities.
  • the calibration is simple and reliable.
  • the throttle position of a throttle assigned to the gas duct or to the mixing device is preferably continuously changed in order to continuously increase the gas flow while keeping the fan speed and the air flow constant thereby continuously increasing the gas amount of the gas/air mixture relative to the air amount of the same.
  • the signal provided by the ionization sensor is continuously monitored and analyzed while the gas amount of the gas/air mixture becomes continuously increased relative to the air amount of the same.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a gas burner 10.
  • the gas burner comprises a burner chamber 11 in which combustion of a defined gas/air mixture having a defined mixing ratio of gas and air takes place during burner-on phases of the gas burner 10.
  • the combustion of the gas/air mixture results into flames 12 monitored by an ionization sensor 13.
  • the defined gas/air mixture is provided to the burner chamber 11 of the gas burner 10 by mixing an air flow with a gas flow.
  • a fan 14 sucks in air flowing through an air duct 15 and gas flowing though a gas duct 16.
  • a gas regulating valve 18 for adjusting the gas flow through the gas duct 16 and a gas safety valve 19 are assigned to the gas duct 16.
  • the defined gas/air mixture having the defined mixing ratio of gas and air is provided to the burner chamber 11 of the gas burner 10.
  • the defined gas/air mixture is provided by mixing the air flow provided by an air duct 15 with a gas flow provided by a gas duct 16.
  • the air flow and the gas flow become preferably mixed by a mixing device 23.
  • a mixing device can be designed as a so-called Venturi nozzle.
  • the quantity of the air flow and thereby the quantity of the gas/air mixture flow is adjusted by the fan 14, namely by the speed of the fan 14.
  • the fan speed can be adjusted by an actuator 22 of the fan 14.
  • the fan speed of the fan 14 is controlled by a controller 20 generating a control variable for the actuator 22 of the fan 14.
  • the defined mixing ratio of the defined gas/air mixture is controlled by the gas regulating valve 18, namely by a pneumatic controller 24 of the same.
  • the pneumatic controller 24 of the gas regulating valve 18 controls the opening/closing position of the gas valve 18.
  • the position of the gas valve 18 is adjusted by the pneumatic controller 24 on basis of a pressure difference between the gas pressure of the gas flow in the gas pipe 16 and a reference pressure.
  • the gas regulating valve 18 is controlled by the pneumatic controller 24 in such a way that at the outlet of the gas valve 18 the pressure is equal to the reference pressure.
  • the ambient pressure serves as reference pressure.
  • the air pressure of the air flow in the air duct 15 serves as reference pressure.
  • the pressure difference between the gas pressure and the reference pressure is determined pneumatically by pneumatic sensor of the pneumatic controller 24.
  • the gas valve 18 would be controlled by an electronic controller, e.g. by the controller 20.
  • the mixing ratio of the defined gas/air mixture is controlled is such a way that over the entire modulation range of the gas burner the defined mixing ratio of the defined gas/air mixture is kept constant.
  • a modulation of "1" means that the fan 14 is operated at maximum fan speed and thereby at full-load of the gas burner 10.
  • a modulation of "5" means that the fan 14 is operated at 20% of the maximum fan speed and a modulation of "10" means that the fan 14 is operated at 10% of the maximum fan speed.
  • the load of the gas burner 10 can be adjusted. Over the entire modulation range of the gas burner 10 the defined mixing ratio of the defined gas/air mixture is kept constant.
  • the mixing ratio of the defined gas/air mixture is controlled during burner-on phases so that over the entire modulation range of the gas burner 10 the defined mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is kept constant.
  • the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the defined gas/air mixture can be calibrated to different gas qualities. The calibration is performed by adjusting a position of a throttle 17.
  • the throttle position can be adjusted by an actuator 21 assigned to the throttle 17.
  • the controller 20 controls the actuator 21 and thereby the throttle position of the throttle 17.
  • the calibration can be performed at selected times, namely immediately after installation of the sensor and/or immediately after restart of the gas burner and/or immediately after a reset.
  • the calibration can be performed in a modulating range of the gas burner 10 close to full-load operation of the same, e.g. between 50% (corresponds to a modulation of "2") and 100% (corresponds to a modulation of "1") of full full-load operation.
  • the calibration is based on a signal provided by the ionization sensor 13 positioned downstream of the mixing device 23 within the burner chamber 11.
  • the present application is related to a unique calibration method for calibrating the gas/air mixture to different gas qualities.
  • the same is made richer by increasing the gas amount of the gas/air mixture relative to the air amount of the same until a flattening or a maximum of the signal provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected.
  • the arrow 25 is Figure 2 illustrates that the gas/air mixture is made richer.
  • the further calibration of the gas/air mixture depends on if either a flattening or a maximum of the signal provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected. This will be described in greater detail below referring to Figures 2, 3 .
  • Figure 2 illustrates the dependence of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 from the throttle position X 17 of the throttle 17 assigned to the gas duct 16 used for the calibration.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the dependence of a calibrated throttle position X 17-CAL from a reference throttle position X 17-REF determined during calibration.
  • the throttle 17 which is used for the calibration is assigned to the gas duct 16.
  • the throttle 17 which is used for the calibration can alternatively be assigned to the mixing device 23.
  • the throttle position X17 is changed through the actuator 21 and the controller 20 in order to increase the gas flow while keeping the fan speed and the air flow constant thereby increasing the gas amount of the gas/air mixture relative to the air amount of the same (see arrow 25 in Figure 2 ).
  • the throttle position X 17 is continuously changed in order to continuously increase the gas amount of the gas/air mixture relative to the air amount of the same until a flattening or a maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected.
  • FIG 2 shows a reference throttle position X 17-REF (MAX) for which a maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected. Such a maximum can be detected when the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 drops by a certain amount while changing the throttle position X 17 as illustrated by the arrow 26 in Figure 2 .
  • MAX reference throttle position X 17-REF
  • Figure 2 shows in addition a reference throttle position X 17-REF (FLAT) for which a flattening of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected.
  • FLAT reference throttle position
  • Such a flattening can be detected when the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 remains constant while changing the throttle position X 17 as illustrated by the bracket 27 in Figure 2 .
  • Both, the detection of the flattening and the detection of the maximum is performed by the controller 20 and depends on the actual signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13. For some calibrations a flattening of the signal provided by the ionization sensor 13 might be detected and for some other calibrations a maximum of the signal provided by the ionization sensor 13 might be detected.
  • a flattening of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 might be detectable.
  • the detection of the flattening is preferred. However, if a flattening can not be detected, a maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 can be detected so that the maximum detection serves as a backup or fallback when a flattening detection is not possible.
  • the calibration is based on the flattening detection.
  • the calibration of the gas/air mixture depends on a reference throttle position X 17-REF for which a flattening or a maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected.
  • This reference throttle position X 17-REF is determined by the controller 20.
  • the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is continuously monitored and analyzed by the controller 20 while the gas amount of the gas/air mixture becomes continuously increased relative to the air amount of the same in order to determine a flattening or a maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 and in order to determine the respective reference throttle position X 17-REF .
  • the calibration further depends on an offset value ⁇ X 17 added to the reference throttle position X 17-REF for which the maximum or the flattening is detected, whereby the offset value ⁇ X 17 depends on if either a flattening or a maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected.
  • This offset value ⁇ X 17 is determined by the controller 20.
  • the offset value ⁇ X 17 is determined on basis of a characteristic curve or on basis of a formula, whereby a first characteristic curve f FLAT or a first formula is used when a flattening of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected, and whereby a second characteristic curve f MAX or a second formula being different from the first characteristic curve f FLAT or the first formula is used when a maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected.
  • the first characteristic curve f FLAT or the first formula being valid for a flattening detection differs in such a way from the second characteristic curve f MAX or the second formula being valid for a maximum detection that these curves or formulas output a different offset value ⁇ X 17-MAX or ⁇ X 17-FLAT for the same or identical reference throttle position X 17-REF .
  • the reference throttle position X 17-REF and the offset value ⁇ X 17 added to the reference throttle position X 17-REF are used to determine a calibrated throttle position X 17-CAL .
  • the calibrated throttle position X 17-CAL the defined gas/air mixture is calibrated to the actual gas quality of the calibration. After calibration the throttle positionof is adjusted by the controller 20 to the calibrated throttle position X 17-CAL .
  • the invention uses a reference throttle position for calibration, whereby the invention distinguishes between a reference throttle position for a detected flattening of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13 and a reference throttle position for a detected maximum of the signal I provided by the ionization sensor 13.
  • the controller 20 receives and analyses the signal provided by the ionization sensor 13.
  • the controller 20 determines either a flattening or a maximum of the signal provided by the ionization sensor 13.
  • the flattening detection is preferred.
  • the maximum detection serves as a fallback or backup when a flattening can not be detected.
  • the controller 20 further determines the respective reference throttle position and respective offset value, whereby these values depend on if either a flattening or a maximum of the signal provided by the ionization sensor 13 is detected.
  • controller 20 determines calibrated throttle position for the calibration throttle 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners (10), wobei in Phasen, in welchen der Brenner in Betrieb ist, ein definiertes Gas-Luft-Gemisch, das ein definiertes Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft aufweist, einer Brennkammer (11) des Gasbrenners (10) bereitgestellt wird zur Verbrennung des definierten Gas-Luft-Gemischs in der Brennkammer (11), wobei das definierte Gas-Luft-Gemisch durch eine Mischvorrichtung (23) bereitgestellt wird, welche einen durch eine Luftleitung (15) bereitgestellten Luftstrom mit einem durch eine Gasleitung (16) bereitgestellten Gasstrom mischt, wobei der durch die Luftleitung (15) bereitgestellte Luftstrom von einer Gebläsegeschwindigkeit eines Gebläses (14) abhängt, das der Luftleitung (15) oder der Brennkammer (11) zugeordnet ist, wobei der durch die Gasleitung (16) bereitgestellte Gasstrom von einer Stellung mindestens eines Gasventils (18, 19) abhängt, das der Gasleitung (16) zugeordnet ist, wobei das definierte Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft des definierten Gas-Luft-Gemischs in Phasen, in welchen der Brenner in Betrieb ist, auf der Grundlage eines durch einen Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals, welcher der Mischvorrichtung (23) nachgelagert innerhalb der Brennkammer (11) angeordnet ist, für verschiedene Gasqualitäten kalibriert werden kann, wobei für die Kalibrierung des Gas-Luft-Gemischs das Gas-Luft-Gemisch fetter gemacht wird, indem die Gasmenge des Gas-Luft-Gemischs im Verhältnis zur Luftmenge desselben erhöht wird, bis eine Abflachung oder ein Maximum des vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals erkannt wird, wobei das Gas-Luft-Gemisch für die Kalibrierung fetter gemacht wird, indem eine Drosselklappenstellung einer Drosselklappe (17), die der Gasleitung (16) oder der Mischvorrichtung (23) zugeordnet ist, verändert wird, um den Gasstrom zu erhöhen, während die Gebläsegeschwindigkeit und der Luftstrom konstant gehalten werden, wodurch die Gasmenge des Gas-Luft-Gemischs im Verhältnis zur Luftmenge desselben erhöht wird, und wobei die weitere Kalibrierung des Gas-Luft-Gemischs davon abhängt, ob entweder eine Abflachung oder ein Maximum des vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals erkannt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Kalibrierung des Gas-Luft-Gemischs von einer Referenzdrosselklappenstellung abhängt, für welche eine Abflachung oder ein Maximum des vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals erkannt wird;
    die Kalibrierung ferner abhängt von einem Offsetwert, welcher der Referenzdrosselklappenstellung, für welche die Abflachung oder das Maximum erkannt wird, hinzufügt wird, wobei der Offsetwert davon abhängt, ob entweder eine Abflachung oder ein Maximum des vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals erkannt wird;
    der Offsetwert ermittelt wird auf der Grundlage einer Kennlinie oder auf der Grundlage einer Formel, wobei eine erste Kennlinie oder eine erste Formel verwendet wird, wenn die Abflachung des vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals erkannt wird, und wobei eine zweite Kennlinie oder eine zweite Formel, die sich von der ersten Kennlinie oder der ersten Formel unterscheidet, verwendet wird, wenn ein Maximum des vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals erkannt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Kalibrierung des Gas-Luft-Gemischs die Drosselklappenstellung kontinuierlich verändert wird, um die Gasmenge des Gas-Luft-Gemischs im Verhältnis zur Luftmenge desselben kontinuierlich zu erhöhen, bis eine Abflachung oder ein Maximum des vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellten Signals erkannt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die erste Kennlinie oder die erste Formel, die für eine Abflachungserkennung gilt, derart von der zweiten Kennlinie oder der zweiten Formel, die für die Erkennung des Maximums gilt, unterscheidet, dass die Linien oder Formeln einen unterschiedlichen Offsetwert für eine identische Referenzdrosselklappenstellung ausgeben.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Referenzdrosselklappenstellung und der zur Referenzdrosselklappenstellung hinzugefügte Offsetwert dazu verwendet werden, eine kalibrierte Drosselklappenstellung zu ermitteln, wobei das definierte Gas-Luft-Gemisch bei der kalibrierten Drosselklappenstellung auf die tatsächliche Gasqualität der Kalibrierung kalibriert ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nur die Kalibrierung des definierten Gas-Luft-Gemischs vom Signal, das vom Ionisationssensor (13) bereitgestellt wird, abhängt, wobei die Regelung des definierten Gas-Luft-Gemischs über den Einstellungsbereich des Gasbrenners (11) nicht vom Signal, das der Ionisationssensor (13) bereitstellt, abhängt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelung des definierten Gas-Luft-Gemischs über den Einstellungsbereich des Gasbrenners (11) von einem Druckunterschied zwischen dem Gasdruck des Gasstroms in der Gasleitung und einem Referenzdruck abhängt, wobei entweder der Luftdruck des Luftstroms in der Luftleitung oder der Umgebungsdruck als Referenzdruck verwendet wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckunterschied zwischen dem Gasdruck des Gasstroms in der Gasleitung und dem Referenzdruck entweder pneumatisch durch einen pneumatischen Sensor oder elektronisch durch einen elektrischen Sensor ermittelt wird.
EP12169240.4A 2012-05-24 2012-05-24 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners Active EP2667097B1 (de)

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EP3699492A1 (de) 2019-02-19 2020-08-26 Ademco 2 GmbH Verfahren und steuergerät zum betrieb eines gasbrennergeräts
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EP3913285B1 (de) 2020-05-22 2025-12-03 Pittway Sarl Verfahren und steuergerät zum betrieb eines gasbrennergeräts
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EP4033148B1 (de) 2021-01-25 2023-11-01 Pittway Sarl Verfahren und steuergerät zum betrieb eines gasbrennergeräts
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EP4119846B1 (de) 2021-07-14 2024-12-11 Pittway Sarl Verfahren und steuergerät zum betrieb eines gasbrennergeräts
EP4119845B1 (de) 2021-07-14 2024-10-16 Pittway Sarl Verfahren und steuergerät zum betrieb eines gasbrennergeräts
EP4155609B1 (de) 2021-09-24 2024-07-10 Pittway Sarl Verfahren und steuergerät zum betrieb eines gasbrennergeräts
EP4279808B1 (de) 2022-05-18 2025-11-05 Pittway Sarl Gasfluss-einstellvorrichtung für ein gasbrenner-gerät und gasbrenner-gerät
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