Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
  • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
  • B21C23/218—Indirect extrusion presses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
  • B21C25/02—Dies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels for metal extruding
  • B21C35/04—Cutting-off or removing waste

Definitions

• the invention relates to an indirect extrusion press and to a process for indirect extrusion.
• the forming process is carried out to form a press to form a shell, for example, to prevent contaminants on the surface of the block to be formed from entering the finished press product.
• a tool head which includes a die, held in its diameter to the extent smaller than the inner diameter of a billet that a shell of about 0.2 to 2.0 mm wall thickness remains on the inner wall of the billet, as this, for example, in EP 0 224 115 B1. Even with other materials, such as aluminum, the formation of a shell may be advantageous.
• an indirect extrusion press with a tool comprising a die, arranged on a Indirektstempel tool head, which is characterized in that the tool head after a shear edge having a shear ring or after a shear edge having a reaming ring in the direction is designed to taper to a stripping level.
• the stripping plane is generally oriented perpendicular to the pressing direction and, depending on the specific implementation of the present invention, may be designed to be cutting in front of or behind the tool head or else the tool head.
• the design of the tool head with a diameter tapering in the direction of a stripping plane can also facilitate simple assembly and disassembly of the tool head from the indirect punch, which is particularly simple and simple by means of the taper, which is preferably designed as a cone releasably connected to the Indirektstempel and can be solved again when the tapered outer surface is used as a contact and centering surface to the Indirektstempel.
• the taper which is preferably designed as a cone releasably connected to the Indirektstempel and can be solved again when the tapered outer surface is used as a contact and centering surface to the Indirektstempel.
• the shell can be removed from the tool head, instead of pulling the tool head from the shell.
• the tool head may in this case remain on the indirect punch, which pulls the tool head away from the shell to release the shell.
• the input posed task solves alternatively or cumulatively to the above features accordingly also an indirect extruder with a die comprehensive, arranged on a Indirektstkov tool head, which is characterized by a tapering in the direction of a stripper shell chamber.
• Thesoder above advantages to the tool head also result in this embodiment, since disassembly of the tool head can also be particularly costly, even if the shell chamber of the tool head is filled with a tool material and would prevent it from disassembly in non-tapering design of the tool head How this is the case, for example, by the arrangement according to DE 101 31 901 A1 in the region of the shell chamber wall which widens toward the stripping plane and is formed by the wear plate of the tool head.
• the shear ring or both rings can be arranged circumferentially around the tool head radially.
• the clearing ring, the shear ring or both rings can also be arranged removably.
• an indirect extrusion press with a tool head comprising a die, arranged on an indirect punch, which is characterized in that the tool head comprises a reaming ring and a shear ring which are each detachably formed by the tool head and preferably surround the shell chamber.
• an indirect extrusion press with a comprehensive die, arranged on a Indirektstempel tool head is characterized by a reaming ring and a shear ring, which are integrally formed with each other, and between the reaming ring and the shear ring is formed a shell chamber.
• Such a tool head can be removed as a whole when the shell chamber is full by simply attaching a new tool head. After removal can then be removed from the tool head a shell in a separate step, without obstructing the pressing process. Even such a removal can easily be implemented by machine and therefore very quickly to quickly prepare the indirect extruder for the next pressing operation,
• Such a process can be further simplified by the structural unit from the shell chamber forming Räumring and shear ring is connected via a tapered in the direction of a stripping flat surface with the other indirect extruder or with the Indirektstempel, so that , as already explained above, a self-centering can be done easily, which greatly facilitates the machine retrofitting or only possible.
• a tapering takes place in all the aforementioned cases preferably conical or in the form of a conical surface, as a result rotational symmetry is caused, in particular, a considerably easier installation and can also be done easily by machine, for example by means of a manipulator.
• an indirect extrusion press is proposed with a comprehensive die, arranged on a Indirektstempel tool head, which is characterized in that the size of a shell chamber, the is arranged behind a shearing edge of the tool head, is selected such that the shell material can be received by at least two blocks of material in the shell chamber. It is understood that, if it is possible to keep the thickness of the shell as low as possible, even more than two blocks of material, for example 10 or more blocks of material, can be processed in a row with an appropriate shell size without having to remove the shell in between.
• the set-up times of the indirect extruder are further reduced by not necessarily having to remove the shell material from the shell chamber after each press cycle.
• two blocks of material can be processed almost immediately one after the other in the extruder.
• the reaming ring can advantageously be used to thin out the shell formed during pressing to such an extent that a large part of the shell remains in the shell chamber and the material residue or material film emerging in the pressing direction from the extrusion press has a minimal thickness.
• a method for indirect extrusion is proposed, in which a block of material is formed to form a shell by a die head comprising a tool head and which is characterized in that for removing the shell tool head and shell be deducted from each other.
• a complex turning off takes place
• the removal takes place already in the indirect extruder, which can be saved considerably setup times.
• the removal can also be done outside, which is also time-saving, especially when used during the latter, a new tool head and the press can be operated during the separation of shell and tool head again with the new tool head.
• this peeling off can take place in that the shell remains in the indirect press and the tool head or parts thereof, such as, for example, a shear ring, are drawn off from the shell and the indirect punch. Likewise, this removal can be done, for example, that the shell of the tool head or parts thereof is deducted.
• the method can after removal, when the tool head is removed from the interior of the shell, the shell separated from a remaining material in the indirect extruder film, preferably sheared off. It will be readily apparent that removal of the tool head with the die therein provides full accessibility to the shell, allowing the shell to be quickly and easily removed from the extruder, for example, by a shearing blade.
• the entire tool head preferably without a clearing ring, can be pulled off the shell and removed, so that a slight shearing is possible.
• the quality of the extruded profile produced can advantageously be increased if the set-up times are so minimal that a residue of the first material block has no possibility of cooling too far due to the directly consecutive processing of two material blocks and the subsequent second material block together with the Rest of the first block of material can be processed with better seams.
• an indirect extrusion press with a tool head comprising a die, which is arranged on an indirect punch is proposed, wherein the indirect extrusion press is characterized by a reaming ring designed as a spreading ring.
• This reaming ring can expand due to its design as a spreader because of its flexibility and thus nestle against an inner wall of an inner sleeve of the indirect extruder and advantageously minimize the gap formed between the reaming ring and the inner sleeve. It can be seen that, as a result, a material film passing through this gap is made as minimal as possible.
• the reaming ring can cooperate with the tool head for the aforementioned purpose, resulting in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the indirect extruder, when the reaming ring is operatively connected to an axial assembly arranged next to it via a conically inwardly facing surface.
• the named next to the Broaching ring arranged assembly may be the mentioned tool head or even the Indirektstempel.
• the rake ring is arranged axially between the tool head and the indirect ram, whereby the tool head transmits a pressure on the reaming ring and this pressure spreads the rake ring by means of the conical surfaces by the force redirection.
• the clearing ring is designed to be detachable from indirect punches. It is immediately apparent that in this case the Indirektstempel subject to the least possible wear, since the wear-prone component is represented by the Räumring.
• a method for indirect extrusion in which a block of material is pressed to form a shell by a die covered by a tool head and the method is characterized in that at least a used for the formation of a shell clearing ring is spread during pressing and despreaded when returning a block receiver.
• the force required for spreading is removed from the pressing pressure.
• the shell emerging from the extruder can be thinned very much by means of the spread reaming ring, so that only a minimal material film emerges from the extruder.
• the use of the pressing pressure for spreading the reaming ring implements the particular advantage that the spreading force is only exerted on the reaming ring when the reaming ring is used for thinning out the shell.
• the dropping of the pressing pressure during retraction of the block receiver additionally causes a reduction of the friction, since the spreader ring is despread at the same time.
• an endless workpiece can be provided in this way, if the impurities or defects caused by the change of the material blocks can be tolerated in terms of quality. Otherwise, these locations can be separated afterwards, with initial and end areas also having to be separated off in conventional workpieces, so that the loss of material generally remains within reasonable limits.
• the connection of the workpieces over a block changeover makes it possible to dispense with complex guide mechanisms within the indirect punch, with which workpiece starts and workpiece ends are guided within the indirect punch.
• a method for indirect extrusion in which a block of material is pressed to form a shell by a die covered by a tool head and which is characterized in that one used for receiving the shell Shell chamber is lubricated.
• this shell chamber is lubricated with graphite.
• graphite it is also possible to use Bomitrit, silicones or fats or salt water or brine.
• the lubrication of the shell chamber also reduces the set-up times of the extruder by the tool head can be removed from the shell formed after the successful pressing or otherwise the shell can be easily removed from the tool head. This can be done in the indirect extruder or outside.
• Figure 1 is a schematic detail of an extruder with a
• Tool head with an integrated shear ring and a separate reaming ring
• Figure 2 is a schematic detail of an extruder with a
• Figure 3 is a schematic detail of an extruder with a
• FIGS. 4 to 11 show a process during setup in a schematic single step representation for the arrangement according to FIG. 1;
• FIGS. 12 to 15 show a process during setup in a schematic single-step representation for the arrangements according to FIG. 3;
• FIGS. 16 to 21 show a detailed view of the course of the process during set-up for the arrangement according to FIG.
• FIG. 3 The first figure.
• FIG. 22 shows a detailed representation of a female mold in a schematic section.
• a first embodiment of an indirect extrusion press 1 with a die 19 and a tool head 5 according to FIG. 1 has a shear ring 20 integrated in the tool head 5. Furthermore, there is an indirect punch 2 of the indirect extrusion press I, against which the tool head 5 including the die 19 is pressed, a rake ring 16 is arranged.
• the reaming ring 16 designed as a separate component cooperates with a shell chamber 24 arranged radially around the tool head 5 in order to collect a remainder of the material block 12 flowing past the shear ring 20 in this shell chamber 24.
• the reaming ring 16 is located within the indirect extruder coaxially, but with a small clearance, to a billet receiver 3.
• a billet receiver 3 By the At an inner sleeve 22 of the block receiver 3 resulting gap first passes a first remainder of the material block 12 after shearing on a shear ring 20 arranged shear edge 21 in the shell chamber 24.
• material residue After the material contained in this slender 24 material residue reaches the Räumring 16, a large part of this material residue retained by shearing at the shear edge 17 in the shell chamber 24. In this shell chamber 24 is thus formed during pressing a shell 15 from the first part of material remainder.
• a second part of the material residue passing through the reaming ring 16 or the shearing edge 17 remains adhering to the inner sleeve 22 as a thin material film 26 in the further course.
• the wall thickness of the material film 26 is so small that a removal of this remaining material film 26 from the indirect extruder 1 takes place with minimal effort.
• the material film 26 can tear automatically when returning the block receiver 3 in a set-up position, whereby a removal without further tools or with only little support is possible.
• the wall thickness of the remaining material film 26 may be so small that it may remain on the inner sleeve 22.
• the shell chamber 24 is dimensioned in its volume such that the material residue sheared off at the shearing edge 17 of the reaming ring 16 fills the shell chamber 24 only after at least two successive pressing operations.
• this has at least one conical surface 23, which cooperates in the described embodiment with the Räumring 16 and in this embodiment, the reaming ring 16 spreads.
• this can, but does not have to be slotted, whereby a closer concern of the shear edge 17 can be ensured on the inner sleeve 22. It is immediately apparent that by this formation of the Räumringes 16 of the material film 26 is reduced to a minimum.
• a second embodiment of an indirect extrusion press 1 according to FIG. 2 has a reaming ring 16 connected in one piece with the shear ring 20, wherein the shear ring 20 and the reaming ring 16 form the shell chamber 24 axially in the direction of the pressing direction.
• the shear ring 20 and the reaming ring 16 form the shell chamber 24 axially in the direction of the pressing direction.
• the indirect punch 2 of the indirect extrusion press 1 now acts directly on the tool head 5 and not on the reaming ring 16, the reaming ring 16 and the shear ring 20 connected to this reaming ring 16 being mounted on a conical surface 23 of the tool head 5 are.
• An angle of the conical surface 23 formed with respect to the axial pressing direction of the indirect punch is opposite to the corresponding angle of FIG. 1 in the embodiment of FIG.
• This configuration ensures with suitable detail dimensioning for this embodiment, a spreading of the Räumringes 16 and possibly also of the shear ring 20 when pressing a Presserzeugnisses 4th
• a spread release ring 16 and / or a spread shear ring 20 at a Returning the Indirektstkovs 2 is despread again and disassembly of the two rings 16, 20 can be done with less effort.
• Figure 1 is for pressing the Presser Wegnisses 4 in the indirect extruder 1 first when retracted Blockier 3 a block of material 12 by means of a block loader 13 between the tool head 5 and a closure piece 8 coaxial with the Indirektstempel 2 and coaxial with a Direct cylinder 27 positioned as shown in Figure 4.
• a holder 9 which is also mounted in the frame 28 via a pressure plate 10, the arrangement of closure piece. 8 and direct punch 1 1 guided within the frame 28 and received by the closing of the billet pressure resulting.
• the indirect punch 2 as shown in FIG. 5, is moved against the material block 12 so that it is clamped between the tool head 5 and the closure piece 8 and the block loader 12 is led out of the indirect extrusion press 1 can.
• the billet receiver 3 is moved to the holder 9, whereby the material block 12 receives a completely closed housing, and the pressing operation begins with progressive stroke of the indirect punch 2 in the billet 3, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
• the press product 4 is produced until the indirect punch 2 has moved into the block receiver and only a small press residue 7 remains from the material block 12.
• the press residue 7 is separated from the tool head 5 and from the press product 4 by means of a movable shear blade 6.
• the pressing method explained by means of FIGS. 4 to 8 is run through at least a second time after the first pressing operation. It is immediately apparent that with a corresponding volume of the shell chamber 24, more than two pressing operations can be performed until the shell chamber fills to the maximum. It should also be pointed out that the press residue 7 does not necessarily have to be removed by means of the shearing blade 6 between two pressing operations. It is also possible, in addition to the procedure described above, to apply a newly inserted material block 12 directly to the remaining press residue 7 and to continue the pressing process.
• the removal of the pressing residue 7 is required when the shell 15 has to be removed, which may possibly be done together with the removal of the shell 15.
• the removal of the shell in the embodiment of the tool head 5 described in FIG. 1 takes place, as shown in FIG. 9, by means of a gripping arm or manipulator 14 which engages the edge 25 of the tool head 5 and this, as further shown in FIG seen from the Indirektstempel 2 and the Räumring 16 triggers.
• the shell 15 is completely exposed, after which the shearing blade 6 attacks again and separates the shell 15.
• the manipulator 14 moves after removing the shell 15 from the shell chamber 24 again to its original position, and it is a new block of material by means of Block loader 13 for restarting a pressing operation in the indirect extruder 1 out, as can be seen from Figure 1 1.
• the manipulator 14 moves in retracted Blockaufillon 3 first in the indirect extruder 1 and pulls the shear ring 20 from the tool head 5 from.
• the shearing blade 6 picks up on the exposed shell 15, in which connection a two-cutting or multi-blade shearing blade 6 is used, and the blocking sheave 3 is displaced counter to the pressing direction, whereby the shell 15 gripped by the shearing blade is pulled off the tool head 5 becomes.
• the tool head 5 is moved out of the billet 3 again to put the shear ring 20 back on the tool head 5 by means of the manipulator 14.
• FIGS. 16 to 21 The embodiments of the indirect extruder 1 explained by means of FIGS. 12 to 15 are again shown in detail in FIGS. 16 to 21.
• the tool head 5 After retraction of the block receiver 3 and after shearing off the press residue 7 by means of the shearing blade 6, the tool head 5 is moved out while fully exposing the shell chamber 24.
• the shell 15 is additionally broken by the pressing residue 7, so that the shear ring 20 is completely exposed and can be removed from the tool head 5 unhindered.
• the shearing blade 6 engages, as already explained above, then the shell 15, while the tool head 5 is retracted, so that now the shell 15 is completely exposed and can be removed from the indirect extruder 1. It is also conceivable at this point that the shell can be removed from the indirect extrusion press 1 by means of the manipulator 14 or an alternative gripping tool.
• the surface of the tool head 5, in particular the conical surfaces 23, is lubricated or lubricated in all of the present exemplary embodiments for better process control during the pressing , in this case with graphite 29, sprayed.
• the application of the graphite 29 facilitates during subsequent arming the Removing the shear ring 20 from the tool head 5, but may not be performed if necessary.
• the setting up of the indirect extrusion press 1 is then terminated by renewed placement of the shear ring 20 on the tool head 5 and initiated a further pressing operation in the embodiment described above.
• a newly inserted material block 12 can be placed directly on the remaining press residue 7 in order to quasi-continuously squeeze out a workpiece.
• the die 19A shown in FIG. 22 can be used, which has an antechamber 30 on the side of the block of material the remainder of the material remains in the pre-chamber 30 and is used for the connection to the following material block 12.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-01-06 CN CN201280007939.XA patent/CN103347622B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-01-06 ES ES12714533T patent/ES2864587T3/es active Active
  • 2012-01-06 EP EP12714533.2A patent/EP2670541B1/fr active Active
  • 2012-01-06 DE DE112012000417T patent/DE112012000417A5/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-01-06 WO PCT/DE2012/000007 patent/WO2012092923A2/fr not_active Ceased

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