Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/26—Details
  • B02C13/288—Ventilating, or influencing air circulation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/26—Details
  • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
  • B02C13/284—Built-in screens
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
  • B02C13/26—Details
  • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
  • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
  • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
  • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
  • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
  • B02C23/34—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone gas being recirculated to crushing or disintegrating zone
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for comminuting and drying moisture-containing material, in particular moist wood, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 10.
• the liquids enclosed in the material are expelled thereby from the material to be dried solely due to the heat energy supplied in that the liquids within the material change into the gaseous state and emerge from the material as a result of the resulting vapor pressure.
• the prior art drying apparatuses of the prior art are comparatively energy-intensive.
• the above-mentioned drying apparatus further has in common that they require an input material, which must have a narrowly predetermined grain size, which must not vary greatly. They also require a relatively strong gas flow to dissipate the expelled water, or the water vapor and thereby prevent a reuptake of the expelled water by the material.
• drying devices described above have the disadvantage that the residence time of the material in the devices is comparatively long, which in turn leads to a process-related high energy input.
• a method and a device for processing components of mixtures of substances, in particular mixed plastics are known in this context, in which a baffle reactor has in its cylindrical base body a rotor rotatable by a drive motor.
• the height-adjustable in the base body rotor is made of wear-resistant steel and has at its ends releasably received baffle elements, which crush the introduced components by the resulting impact impact stress in different sized fragments, which can then be separated from each other.
• the said document gives no indication to crush moist wood or other biological material and to dry at the same time.
• the material in a method for crushing and drying moisture-containing material, in particular of wood, the material is introduced into a baffle reactor which has a substantially cylindrical base body in whose closed interior a rotor rotates with at least one baffle element, which rotates the Material contacted and compressed to produce a high momentum transfer and crushed into sub-components, which preferably exit through a arranged in the region of the peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, in particular by a sieve-covered ejection opening from the interior of the body.
• the method is characterized in that the interior of the cylindrical base body is associated with a suction device, which dissipates the moisture mist arising during contact of the impact element with the material during the impact comminution, and that the interior of the cylindrical base body with a hot gas heated by waste heat from a combustion process with a temperature of less than 95 ° C, in particular less than 80 ° C, or the exhaust gas from a combustion process is applied, which penetrates after a collision of the impact element with a material component instead of the leaked moisture in the material component.
• the baffle dryer is based on the baffle reactor described in the aforementioned EP 0 859 693 B1 and uses its basic mechanical properties.
• any moisture-containing materials such as moist organic materials such as fuels for power plants, humid petroleum coke, wet oil sands, wet sewage sludge, wet lignin from the Wood processing or even wet mineral - this example, residues from the construction industry such as tar and Rigips etc. understood - are used, these are preferably used for crushing and drying of moist wood and therefore described below using the example of this.
• moist material or of moist wood
• moist material refers to a material whose moisture content, in particular water content, more than 30 wt.%, Preferably more than 40 wt.%, Is, in each case on the total weight of the moist material.
• the wood to be dried is preferably introduced in the form of larger pieces of wood with a diameter of eg 300 mm and a length of 500 mm, or smaller, via a suitable conveyor such as a rotary valve or a screw conveyor or by hand into the interior of the baffle reactor, the hereinafter also referred to as baffle chamber or baffle.
• a rotor In the lower region of the baffle a rotor is arranged, which may have a diameter of 1 m to 3.5 m, for example, and of an internal combustion engine with a rated power of eg 20KW or more about a suitable gear, or by an electric motor with a speed for example, 750 rpm - 6000 rev / min is driven. If the buffers received on the rotor impinge upon the preferably supplied from above via a sluice, for example, working with sluice wooden parts, the wood parts are repeatedly exposed to very large accelerations and Impulsübetrendn, which causes the wood parts continuously deformed and crushed with progressive duration more and more become.
• a sluice for example, working with sluice wooden parts
• the cell structure of the wood particle becomes the subsequent impact processes vibrated to the innermost depth of the same, causing the cell walls to rupture and burst open and moisture to escape easily.
• moisture leakage is facilitated by faster acceleration of the water in the cell structures than the remaining wood material, since water has a greater density than wood.
• the baffles impact the wood particles, the water is accelerated more than the remaining wood material forming the wood structure, causing the water to accelerate out of the ruptured wood structures.
• this "water-accelerating process” the water is atomized similar to an ultrasonic mist and leaves the wood structure with high acceleration at the same time.
• the interior of the baffle reactor is connected to a vacuum source which sucks the vacated water mist preferably at the top.
• a hot gas is supplied to the baffle chamber, which surrounds the wood particles and thus due to its low density and mass compared to water mist immediately after the outage of the water mist from the burst cell structures in this occurs and prevents the water mist returns to the cell structures , Since the water mist has a much lower temperature than water vapor, e.g.
• the hot gas ambient air is preferably used with a temperature of less than 95 ° C, in particular less than 80 ° C, and preferably a temperature in the range between 40 ° C and 65 ° C, using a heat exchanger from the waste heat of a combustion process, eg the waste heat is obtained from a power plant, which itself due to the low temperature in a conventional manner no longer for the direct production of energy, eg in a turbine, use.
• a heat exchanger from the waste heat of a combustion process eg the waste heat is obtained from a power plant, which itself due to the low temperature in a conventional manner no longer for the direct production of energy, eg in a turbine, use.
• the wood particles are preferably discharged from the impact space via one or more ejection openings on the circumference of the cylindrical base body.
• the operation of the impact reactor takes place in batches and without the goal that a well-defined particle size of the wood particles is obtained at the end of the comminution and drying process.
• the moist wood is fed to the impact reactor continuously or else batchwise preferably from above and - as described above -
• the completely or even partially dried wood particles now leave the baffle through the sieves and fly at high speed in a arranged on the outside of the cylindrical body ejector, which preferably together with another ejection box on the discharge box diametrically opposite side of the baffle at this is arranged.
• the ejection boxes have in the preferred embodiment of the invention at its lower level Austragsschnecken, which are each guided in a tube that extends in continuation outside of the respective ejection box from the housing of the ejection box and is circumferentially closed in this area.
• the screw flights of the discharge screws which are electrically or mechanically via a transmission and an internal combustion engine, e.g. the internal combustion engine of a tractor, are narrower cut in the circumferentially closed region of the pipe, i. H. they have a lower slope, so that the Austragsgut, i.
• the shredded and dried wood particles are compressed in this area before they emerge from the free end of the tube in a suitable container.
• the ejection boxes are preferably flowed laterally and / or from below with a hot gas or H sandwichinnertgas which prevents the moisture absorption of the wood particles and absorbs the wood moisture.
• the hot gas which is preferably also the exhaust gas purified via an exhaust gas purification system, or not yet purified exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, which in particular drives the rotor and the discharge screws and possibly also the delivery device for supplying the pieces of wood to be dried, then preferably occurs laterally or in the upper Area of the ejection boxes in the environment and / or is sucked out there.
• the temperature of the wood is advantageously increased before introduction into the body, in particular up to a temperature of more than 80 ° C, for which the wood is preferably stored in a heated, water-filled container, the is heated in particular by the waste heat of an internal combustion engine or by other process heat or waste heat.
• the strength of the binding components in damp wood by introducing the wood into a container filled with heated water container is significantly reduced, which even at relatively low temperatures of only about 40 ° C to a significant reduction in the mechanical
• the internal combustion engine is provided, which also drives the rotor mechanically, as this is a particularly efficient use of the fuel to operate the engine.
• the wood in the container can be heated under pressure to a temperature of more than 100 ° C, wherein the maximum temperature achieved, however, is preferably less than 180 ° C.
• a dyestuff or even salt can be added to the water bath in order to obtain colored finished or salt-loaded dried wood particles, which the latter uses, for example, as de-icer replacement can be and have the advantage that they simultaneously increase both the slip resistance, as well as the salt for a longer period of time bind to and deliver as needed, as is the case with pure salt grains.
• the comminuted and discharged from the interior of the cylindrical body wood components which are also referred to as wood particles are nachgetrocknet in a press nip with the supply of blowing air, if a degree of drying is desired, characterized by the use of the previously can not be achieved even with a recirculation of the exhaust gas within the baffle and / or the ejection boxes.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention for
• Fig. 2 is a schematic spatial side view of one of the ejection boxes of in
• Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a tractor with a recorded thereon
• Fig. 4 is a plan view of the tractor and the apparatus of Fig. 3, and
• an apparatus 1 according to the invention for crushing and drying moist material which is exemplified in the form of pieces of wood 2, comprises a baffle reactor 4, which has a substantially cylindrical base body 6, in its closed interior 8 a rotor rotated at a high speed at which a plurality of preferably replaceable baffle elements 12 are arranged made of a high-strength material.
• a lock 5 with a lock chamber 5a which can be closed by means of slides or flaps is arranged on the upper side of the cylindrical basic body 6, via which the pieces of wood 2 are inserted from above into the interior 8 of the impact reactor 4 can be introduced without creating a free access between the environment 34 and the interior 8 of the baffle reactor 4.
• the lock 5 is shown only as an example in the drawings and may also be a rotary valve with horizontally or vertically extending Zellenradachse that perform the roughly pre-shredded moisture-containing material from above into the interior 8 of the baffle reactor 4. In order to reduce the entry of ambient air together with the material as much as possible, an extraction of air can be provided immediately before the entry of the material 2 in the interior 8.
• the lock chamber in which the material is located directly in front of the entrance into the interior 8, hermetically sealed for a predetermined period of time and subjected to negative pressure. It is also possible to supply the moist material by means of a rotating screw conveyor, which opens directly into the otherwise closed interior 8, which is particularly advantageous in the case of a continuous feed.
• two ejection boxes 28 are preferably arranged on the outside of the cylindrical basic body 6, each of which has an ejection opening 26, which is partially closed by a sieve 24, with the interior 8 of the impingement reactor 4 are in communication.
• each ejection box 28 a discharge screw 30 is arranged, which is driven by a not-shown motor or a Gereteabzweig of the angular gear 11, and viewed in the conveying direction of the screw decreasing slope of the screw helix s has.
• the discharge screw 30 in this case extends at least partially into a discharge tube 32, which is circumferentially closed in the region outside the discharge box and extends above a collecting container 33, in which the comminuted and also dried material 2a discharged from the discharge boxes 28 is collected.
• the interior 8 of the cylindrical base body is connected via a feed line 20 to a hot gas source, which is preferably the indicated in Fig. 2 engine 22 of the forestry vehicle 36.
• the usually cleaned by a corresponding exhaust gas cleaning system hot diesel exhaust is shown for example by a branch point not shown in detail by the exhaust system of the engine 22 and introduced via the hot gas supply line 20 in the lower region of the impingement reactor 4. From there, it is preferably introduced into the interior 8 of the baffle reactor 4 via a labyrinth seal 38 indicated in FIGS. 1 and 3 via a feed opening in the region of the drive shaft of the rotor 10.
• the hot exhaust gas 19 which has, for example, a temperature of 150 ° C, during the baffle process with the located in the interior 8 wood components 2a together, in which the hot gas penetrates after the water contained in the wood components due to the high Momentum transfer and the associated high acceleration during a bouncing process was expelled from the wood components.
• the interior 8 of the main body 6 is acted upon by a suction device 14 with negative pressure, so that the by the plurality is sucked out of the interior 8 8 resulting from impact operations in the crushing of the wood 2 moisture mist.
• the exhaust gas 19 is sucked out via the suction device 14 at the top of the baffle reactor 4 together with the liquid mist.
• the liquid contained in the extracted gas can, if desired, be removed from the exhaust gas via a liquid separator, and the exhaust gas can be reintroduced into the bottom region of the impact reactor 4 via a mixing valve not shown in detail in the drawings. It is understood that in this case it is possible to recirculate only a partial flow of the exhaust gas via corresponding valves and to discharge another partial flow together with the moisture mist via the suction device 14.
• the supply of the recirculated hot gas 19 can also take place in the region of the underside of the ejection boxes 28, or in the area of the discharge screws 30, which results in the advantage that the impact size in the baffle 8 to a size in B range of the opening size the sieves 24 shredded and already pre-dried wood particles 2a after exiting the sieves 24 in the ejection boxes 28 are once again acted upon directly with dried hot gas, which further reduces the residual moisture in an advantageous manner.
• the dried wood particles 2 a which may have, for example, a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm, it may be envisaged to form a nip 40 of two press rolls 40 a and 40 b, as indicated in FIG. 5 supply, which squeeze the wood particles 2a and thereby push out the remaining moisture from the inside of the wood particles.
• the nip is subjected to blowing air 42, which may be directed transversely to the direction of the emerging from the nip 40 wood particles 2a, or in the direction of the nip 40 to ,
• blowing air 42 which may be directed transversely to the direction of the emerging from the nip 40 wood particles 2a, or in the direction of the nip 40 to
• the use of a press roll gap 40 in conjunction with blown air 42 for drying the wood particles 2a is not limited to the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 in the bottom area of one of the ejection boxes 28, but can also be separated from the actual baffle reactor 4, if the wood particles 2a in this only be coarsely crushed without simultaneously drying them by the hot gas 19. In this case, the coarsely crushed wood components are given to the nip 40 directly.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=45768187

Family Applications (1)

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• 2011
  • 2011-02-10 DE DE102011010980A patent/DE102011010980A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-02-09 WO PCT/EP2012/052226 patent/WO2012107526A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2012-02-09 CN CN201280008425.6A patent/CN103370135B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-02-09 EP EP12705997.0A patent/EP2673090A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-02-09 US US13/984,811 patent/US9192936B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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