EP2694809A2 - Éolienne - Google Patents

Éolienne

Info

Publication number
EP2694809A2
EP2694809A2 EP12713114.2A EP12713114A EP2694809A2 EP 2694809 A2 EP2694809 A2 EP 2694809A2 EP 12713114 A EP12713114 A EP 12713114A EP 2694809 A2 EP2694809 A2 EP 2694809A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thread
fiber
crack
wind turbine
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12713114.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen STOLTENJOHANNES
Albrecht Brenner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wobben Properties GmbH
Original Assignee
Wobben Properties GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wobben Properties GmbH filed Critical Wobben Properties GmbH
Publication of EP2694809A2 publication Critical patent/EP2694809A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/08—Testing mechanical properties
    • G01M11/083—Testing mechanical properties by using an optical fiber in contact with the device under test [DUT]
    • G01M11/085—Testing mechanical properties by using an optical fiber in contact with the device under test [DUT] the optical fiber being on or near the surface of the DUT
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0016—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of aircraft wings or blades
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0083—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by measuring variation of impedance, e.g. resistance, capacitance, induction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0091—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine.
  • Power plants convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy.
  • the wind turbines are exposed to "wind and weather", which leads to considerable stress on the wind energy plant and its parts.
  • the stresses or strains on the parts or elements of the wind turbine can be very different Furthermore, it is important to record possible damage to the power plant as early as possible.
  • a wind turbine with a component to be monitored and a crack detection unit for detecting a crack in the component has at least one thread or a fiber which is fastened directly on or in the component to be monitored.
  • the crack detection unit further includes a crack detector which serves to detect whether the thread or the fiber is broken or not.
  • a crack in the component Due to the direct attachment of the thread or the fiber on or in the component to be monitored, a crack in the component also leads directly to a crack of the thread. This crack can then be detected by the crack detector and the control of the power plant can be influenced accordingly.
  • the wind turbine has a control unit for controlling the operation of the wind turbine. If the tear detector detects that the thread or fiber has broken, then the control unit can affect the operation of the wind turbine. This influence could, for example, be due to the fact that the mechanical load on the monitored component is reduced (for example by reducing the rotational speed, changing the pitch angle, changing the azimuth position, etc.).
  • the thread or the fiber may be designed to be electrically conductive or non-conductive. Thus, a crack detection can be done either by an electrical or by a visual inspection.
  • the fiber may be configured as glass fiber or carbon fiber.
  • a glass fiber can be a visual inspection and in the case of a carbon fiber, an electrical check can be made.
  • fibers of different lengths may be provided to allow more accurate determination of the position of the crack.
  • the fibers or threads may be straight, meander-shaped or configured in a grid structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method for monitoring components of a wind turbine. For this purpose, threads or fibers are fastened directly on or in the component to be monitored. Subsequently, it is detected by means of a crack detector, whether the thread or the fiber is cracked or not.
  • the invention relates to the idea to provide a wind turbine, which has a simple and effective crack detection on components of the wind turbine.
  • crack detection By means of the crack detection, cracks occurring at cracks in the wind turbine (eg rotor blades, cast parts, tower, foundations, etc.) can be detected.
  • an interruptible thread or fiber is fastened to the points to be monitored (locations subject to cracking), such B. glued, or the thread or the fiber is introduced into the component to be monitored. If there is a crack on the respective component, then this will also lead to an interruption of the thread of the crack detection. This crack or the interruption of the thread or fiber can then z. B. electrically or optically detected.
  • a tear of the thread is detected, this can affect the control of the power plant, for example, to reduce the mechanical stress on the broken component.
  • a reduction of the mechanical load on the Plant can be done for example by controlling the pitch angle of the rotor blades or by controlling the azimuth drive.
  • the interruptible thread or fiber may be, for example, an optical fiber, an optical fiber, an electrical conductor, a glass fiber, a carbon fiber or the like.
  • the interruption of the thread can be detected, for example, electrically or by means of light. After detection of an interruption, the control of the wind turbine can be influenced and the system can be shut down if necessary.
  • the crack detection or crack monitoring according to the invention can lead to crack detection at an early stage, so that appropriate countermeasures (adapted control of the wind energy plant or replacement of the cracked component) can be taken before a truly great damage can occur.
  • the thread may be in several passes, meandering and / or as a lattice structure on the component to be monitored (such as a rotor blade, a steel rotor blade, a fiberglass rotor blade, a CFRP rotor blade, castings of the plant (such as the rotor hub) , a concrete or steel tower or the foundation).
  • a lattice structure on the component to be monitored (such as a rotor blade, a steel rotor blade, a fiberglass rotor blade, a CFRP rotor blade, castings of the plant (such as the rotor hub) , a concrete or steel tower or the foundation).
  • the threads or fibers are fastened flat on the component to be monitored (in particular glued).
  • the surface bonding of the threads or fibers is advantageous because a crack can thus be detected relatively quickly. In particular, it can be avoided that the thread or the fiber stretches too long before it comes to a tearing off.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a power plant according to the invention
  • 2A show schematic representations of a rotor blade with a crack and 2B detection unit according to the invention
  • 3A each show a schematic view of a tower of a wind and 3B energy system with a crack detection unit
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a part of a rotor blade of a wind energy plant together with a crack detection unit.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a Wndenergystrom according to the invention.
  • the wind turbine has a tower 10 and a nacelle 20 on the tower 10.
  • the azimuth orientation of the nacelle may be changed by means of an azimuth drive 80 to adjust the orientation of the nacelle to the current wind direction.
  • the nacelle 20 has a rotatable rotor 70 with at least two, preferably three rotor blades 30.
  • the rotor blades 30 can be connected to a rotor hub 75, which in turn is connected to an electric generator 60 directly or by means of a transmission (not shown).
  • a transmission not shown
  • the energy installation furthermore has a control unit 40 for controlling the operation of the energy installation.
  • An anemometer and / or a direction indicator 50 may also be provided on the nacelle 20.
  • the control unit 40 can adjust the pitch angle of the rotor blades 30 by means of the pitch drives 31. Further, the control unit 40 may control the azimuth orientation of the nacelle by means of the azimuth drive 80.
  • the electrical energy generated by the generator 60 is connected to a power cabinet 90 z. B. forwarded in the foot of the tower 10.
  • a converter can be provided which can output the electric power with a desired voltage and frequency to a power grid.
  • FIG. 2A shows a schematic representation of a rotor blade 30 of the energy generating system of FIG. 1 together with a crack detection unit.
  • the crack detection unit consists of at least one (interruptible) thread or fiber 1 10, which is provided inside (or alternatively or additionally outside) in the rotor blade. This thread or the fiber 1 10 is preferably adhered to the inner surface of the rotor blade or otherwise (surface) attached.
  • the thread 1 10 is an interruptible thread. If the material of the rotor blade 30 ruptures, then the thread or the fiber will also break.
  • the interruption of the thread 1 10 at a crack in the material of the rotor blade can be detected by a crack detector 41.
  • the detection of a crack of the thread 1 10, for example, carried out electrically or optically. In the case of an electrical see detection must be the thread 1 10 electrically conductive. In the case of optical detection, the thread 1 10 must be able to transmit light.
  • the crack detector 41 may be part of the control unit 40 or may be connected to the control unit 40.
  • the control unit 40 can influence the operation of the wind energy plant (adjustment of the pitch angle, adjustment of the azimuth angle, etc.). In particular, the influence can lead to a reduction of the mechanical load on the rotor blade or on other parts of the wind turbine in order to protect the components accordingly.
  • FIG. 2B shows a schematic representation of a rotor blade of the wind power plant of FIG. 1 with a crack detection unit.
  • the threads are in this case arranged in a lattice structure, while the threads 1 1 1 of FIG. 2A are oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction or in one direction.
  • the advantage of a grid structure is in particular that the exact position of the crack in the rotor blade can be better detected.
  • the function of the crack detector 41 corresponds to the function of the crack detector 41 of FIG. 2A.
  • the filaments or fibers shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B may also have a return path back to the detector 41.
  • FIG. 3A shows a schematic representation of a tower 10 of a wind energy plant of FIG. 1 with a crack detection unit.
  • On the inner surface of the tower 10 at least one thread (or a fiber), preferably a plurality of threads (or fibers) 1 10, in particular provided in one direction.
  • the threads 110 are preferably adhered or otherwise secured to the inner surface of the tower (steel or concrete). If there is a crack in the steel or the concrete of the tower, then this crack will also lead to a crack of one of the threads. This crack can be detected by the crack detector 41.
  • the crack detection unit according to FIG. 3A can have threads or fibers which extend back to the detection unit 41 via a return line.
  • FIG. 3B shows a schematic representation of a tower 10 of a wind energy plant of FIG. 1 with a crack detection unit.
  • the crack detection unit 100 has at least at least one thread 130 on the inner surface of the tower 10.
  • the thread 130 can be secured meandering on the inner surface of the tower 10.
  • the thread 130 is coupled to a crack detector 41.
  • the function of the crack detector 41 corresponds to the function of the crack detector of FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of a part of a rotor blade of the wind power plant of FIG. 1.
  • On the inner surface 32 of the rotor blade 30, a thread or a fiber 130 is provided meandering.
  • the thread or the fiber can be glued to the inside of the rotor blade. If there is a crack in the material of the rotor blade, then this will also lead to a crack of the thread or fiber 130.
  • Such a crack may be detected by a crack detector 41 (not shown) as already described above.
  • the crack detection unit according to the invention can also be provided, for example, on the rotor hub 57.
  • the crack detection unit according to the invention can be used in all components of a power plant which is susceptible to cracking.
  • the threads or fibers of the crack detection unit need to be mounted on components to be monitored (eg glued on).
  • the thread or the fibers for the detection of cracks can be fixed or glued on the component to be monitored selectively or flat.
  • the attachment of the thread or the fiber to the component to be monitored must be such that if a crack occurs in the component to be monitored, this also leads to a tearing of the thread or fiber, so that the crack in the component are detected accordingly can.
  • the threads or fibers can be introduced or fixed in the component to be monitored. This can be done, for example, when casting the foundation.
  • the fibers or threads may be provided, for example, between glass fiber mats in the manufacture of a rotor blade.
  • a detection of the exact Abr employstelle the thread or the fiber is z.
  • the threads or fibers are glass fiber threads or fibers
  • an error location can be determined exactly to a few centimeters.
  • a so-called optical time division reflectometer OTDR can be used. Such monitoring can be done by an optical switch continuously during operation of the wind turbine.
  • the optical time division reflectometer may be configured as a handset so that a service team may perform the monitoring.
  • a change in the damping can be detected by means of the return line.
  • One reason for a change in damping may be, for example, a crack.
  • a localization of a crack can be done, for example, in the circumferential direction in the case of a meandering installation, when the meander are divided in the circumferential direction.
  • the end remote from the detector 41 can be grounded so that crack detection can occur.
  • the embodiments for crack detection shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3A can be advantageous when a permanent length monitoring is performed. This can optionally also take place when the threads or fibers are introduced into the component to be monitored or fastened therein (cast or laid internally, for example between glass fiber mats).
  • the crack detection can respond to a sudden shortening of the line length.
  • a length monitoring can be successful if the thread or the fiber has a return line back to the detector.
  • This return to the detector may also be glued or sheeted to the blade skin and may also be used for crack detection.
  • the crack detection unit according to the invention can be used in all components of a wind turbine, which are susceptible to cracking.
  • the components can thereby For example, the foundation of the wind turbine, the tower of the wind turbine (especially in a concrete tower), all cast parts of the wind turbine (for example, rotor hub) and the rotor blades represent.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une éolienne comprenant un élément à surveiller et une unité de détection de déchirure. L'unité de détection de déchirure présente un fil ou une fibre (110, 120, 130) qui est fixée directement sur l'élément à surveiller. L'unité de détection de déchirure présente en outre un détecteur de déchirure qui sert à détecter si le fil ou la fibre est déchiré.
EP12713114.2A 2011-04-01 2012-03-30 Éolienne Withdrawn EP2694809A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011006635A DE102011006635A1 (de) 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 Windenergieanlage
PCT/EP2012/055780 WO2012131032A2 (fr) 2011-04-01 2012-03-30 Éolienne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2694809A2 true EP2694809A2 (fr) 2014-02-12

Family

ID=45937348

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12713114.2A Withdrawn EP2694809A2 (fr) 2011-04-01 2012-03-30 Éolienne

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US20140070537A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2694809A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014509705A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140002782A (fr)
CN (1) CN103459840A (fr)
AR (1) AR085772A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2012233680A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013024966A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2829168A1 (fr)
CL (1) CL2013002802A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011006635A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2013010658A (fr)
RU (1) RU2013148818A (fr)
TW (1) TW201305434A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012131032A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201306662B (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014204857A1 (de) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-17 Wobben Properties Gmbh Windenergieanlagen-Rotorblatt und Heizeinheit für ein Windenergieanlagen-Rotorblatt
CN103994032B (zh) * 2014-06-04 2016-10-05 洛阳双瑞风电叶片有限公司 一种远程监测风电叶片层间结构损伤方法
CN105865360A (zh) * 2016-03-23 2016-08-17 南京工程学院 风电电机叶片形变监测的方法及系统
FR3116229B1 (fr) * 2020-11-17 2023-11-17 Safran Aircraft Engines Pièce composite, notamment pour une turbomachine d’aéronef
CN113552174A (zh) * 2021-08-20 2021-10-26 无锡风电设计研究院有限公司 风机叶片表面裂纹监测装置、方法及感应材料涂覆方法
FR3132322B1 (fr) * 2022-02-03 2023-12-22 Safran Aircraft Engines Aube composite pour soufflante de turbomachine d'aéronef comportant des moyens de mesure des déformations internes

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009083699A1 (fr) * 2008-01-03 2009-07-09 European Aeronautic Defence And Space Company Eads France Dispositif de test de structure d'avion, du type coupe fil

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3111858A1 (de) * 1981-03-26 1982-10-14 Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke Gmbh, 2800 Bremen Messanordnung zum feststellen von rissen
JPH048774U (fr) * 1990-05-10 1992-01-27
JP2000018147A (ja) * 1998-07-07 2000-01-18 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 風力発電システム用ブレ−ドの破損予知方法
US7303373B2 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-12-04 General Electric Company Wind turbine systems, monitoring systems and processes for monitoring stress in a wind turbine blade
DE102006023642A1 (de) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-22 Daubner & Stommel Gbr Bau-Werk-Planung Windenergieanlage und Rotorblatt für eine Windenergieanlage
DK2112374T4 (en) * 2008-04-21 2019-01-28 Siemens Ag Breakage detection system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009083699A1 (fr) * 2008-01-03 2009-07-09 European Aeronautic Defence And Space Company Eads France Dispositif de test de structure d'avion, du type coupe fil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012131032A3 (fr) 2012-11-15
TW201305434A (zh) 2013-02-01
CA2829168A1 (fr) 2012-10-04
AU2012233680A1 (en) 2013-10-10
MX2013010658A (es) 2013-12-06
ZA201306662B (en) 2014-05-28
JP2014509705A (ja) 2014-04-21
DE102011006635A1 (de) 2012-10-04
US20140070537A1 (en) 2014-03-13
KR20140002782A (ko) 2014-01-08
BR112013024966A2 (pt) 2016-12-20
CL2013002802A1 (es) 2014-03-07
WO2012131032A2 (fr) 2012-10-04
RU2013148818A (ru) 2015-05-10
CN103459840A (zh) 2013-12-18
AR085772A1 (es) 2013-10-23

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