EP2705562A1 - Accumulateur d'énergie et procédé pour charger ou décharger un accumulateur d'énergie - Google Patents

Accumulateur d'énergie et procédé pour charger ou décharger un accumulateur d'énergie

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Publication number
EP2705562A1
EP2705562A1 EP12727850.5A EP12727850A EP2705562A1 EP 2705562 A1 EP2705562 A1 EP 2705562A1 EP 12727850 A EP12727850 A EP 12727850A EP 2705562 A1 EP2705562 A1 EP 2705562A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidic
electrode
oxidation product
oxidation
anions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP12727850.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marc Hanebuth
Sylvio Kosse
Uwe Lenk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2705562A1 publication Critical patent/EP2705562A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy storage device for storing and discharging electrical energy.
  • the invention relates to a method for charging or discharging such an energy storage device.
  • Energy storage for storing and dispensing electrical energy are, for example, for many mobile applications of great importance. While the storage capacity of today's energy storage for storing electrical energy to power smaller devices such as mobile phones, portable computers, etc. is sufficient, are energy storage for storing electrical energy for larger applications such as, electrically ⁇ exaggerated motor vehicles still subject to shortcomings that their commercial successful use. In particular, the storage capacity of the batteries used does not meet the desired requirements. For example, although lithium ion batteries achieve good results for use in, for example, mobile phones or computers, they are of limited use in high power applications such as electrically powered vehicles. The storage capacity of lithium ion batteries is doing ei ⁇ nen limiting factor, eg. For the range of an electric vehicle.
  • batteries are taken into loading costume beyond, where the electrical energy is stored in the form ei ⁇ nes oxidation state of a metal.
  • the structure of such a battery corresponds approximately to a fuel cell with a solid electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte disposed between two electrodes, one of which an air electrode is made of a material which splits the oxygen in the air and passes the resulting Sau ⁇ erstoffionen to the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is also made of a material that can conduct oxygen ions.
  • the second electrode On its side opposite the air electrode, the second electrode is arranged, which consists of a metal or metal oxide to be oxidized and reduced.
  • the battery is discharged by the metal is oxidized by means of oxygen ions from the atmospheric oxygen, and charged by the metal is reduced upon application of a voltage with release of oxygen ions, the Sau ⁇ erstoffionen then migrate through the electrolyte to the air electrode, from where they be released as molecular oxygen to the environment.
  • This process is shown schematically in FIG. 1, in which the upper half represents the unloading process and the lower half represents the loading process.
  • reference numeral 101 denotes the battery
  • the reference numeral 103 the air electrode
  • the reference numeral 105 the metal or metal oxide
  • reference numeral 107 the electrolyzer ⁇ th
  • numeral 109 a consumer when unloading the battery with electricity is supplied
  • the Wienszif ⁇ fer 111 a current source, which finds ⁇ charging when charging the battery.
  • Efforts are being made to improve the power density of the described batteries in order to realize the system as small and economically as possible. It is important to prevent unwanted oxidation of the metal by air bubbles in the battery. An air leak in the area of the Depending on the amount of air infiltrated, the metal electrode results in a loss of performance up to complete failure of the battery.
  • the electrolytes used in the batteries exhibit highly selective oxygen ion conduction but require relatively high operating temperatures, typically 600 ° C or more. At such temperatures, the sealing of the battery against air intrusion requires a high design cost and a high cost of materials, since many sealing materials can not be used due to the high temperatures.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an advantageous method for charging or discharging an energy storage, in which the energy in the oxidation state of a redox couple is vomit ⁇ chert, are available. Another object is to provide an advantageous energy storage available in which the electrical energy was in the Oxidationszu ⁇ a redox couple is stored.
  • the first object is achieved by a method for charging or discharging an energy store according to claim 1, the second object by an energy store according to claim 11.
  • the dependent claims contain advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • a method for charging or discharging an energy store is provided.
  • the energy ⁇ memory is provided with a first electrode which generate anions of this component with the release of electrons to a component of a process fluid or recording of
  • Electrons of anions can consume them by neutralizing their charge and release to the process fluid, a second electrode producing anions with the release of electrons, or using anions to absorb electrons.
  • Chen an arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, anions conducting electrolyte and a first redox couple, which comprises a first Oxidationsse- product and a first oxidation product equipped.
  • the first Oxidationspro ⁇ domestic product is reduced, and discharging the energy storage, the first Oxidationsedukt is oxidized, is a fluidic Re ⁇ doxstand use, comprising a fluidic Oxidationse ⁇ domestic product and a fluidic oxidation product and connected to the first redox couple and the second electrode is in contact.
  • the fluidic oxidation product is reduced at the first Oxidationsedukt under Erzeu ⁇ supply of the first oxidation product to the fluidic Oxida ⁇ tionsedukt and the fluidic Oxidationsedukt at the second electrode by means of the anions with release of
  • Electrons oxidized to the second electrode to the fluidic Oxida ⁇ tion product When charging of the energy accumulator, the fluidic Oxidationsedukt is oxidized at the first Oxidationspro ⁇ domestic product to produce the first Oxidationsedukts to the fluidic oxidation product and the fluidic Oxida ⁇ tion product reduced at the second electrode to the fluidic Oxi ⁇ dationsedukt, wherein at the second electrode Anio ⁇ nen generated by receiving electrons from the second electrode.
  • the oxidizing or re-za the first, storing the electrical energy re- doxcases does not take place directly by means of by the electric LYTEN ⁇ passing anions, but by means of the oxidation product or the Oxidationsedukts the fluidic re doxcases.
  • the reaction kinetics can be improved in the energy storage through the use of a second fluidic redox couple, which is accompanied by an increase in the power density of the energy storage ⁇ .
  • a second fluidic redox couple which is accompanied by an increase in the power density of the energy storage ⁇ .
  • the fluidic redox couple is gaseous in the oxidation or reduction.
  • ge ⁇ shows that when the first redox couple a metal and its oxide or two different oxidation stages of a metal case covers and includes the fluidic redox pair water vapor as the oxidizing product, the reaction kinetics in the energy ⁇ storage is significantly increased and thus the power density significantly increases.
  • the fluidic redox couple can be conducted along the first redox couple, wherein the guiding along can take place in a continuous stream or in pulses. In this way it can be avoided that the amount of fluidic redox pair present in the energy store drops due to leakages. A decrease in the amount of fluidic redox couple would over time lead to the pressure of the fluidic redox couple in the
  • the energy storage can be associated with a supply of fluidic redox couple. From this supply can then be replaced by a supply line in the energy storage, the amount of lost fluidic redox couple. If, in addition to the supply line for supplying the fluidic redox pair, there is also a discharge for removing the fluidic redox pair from the energy store, the fluidic redox pair can circulate in a circulation and be guided along the first redox pair. The from the Energy storage dissipated amount of fluidic redox couple can then be returned to the supply. But even if no cycle is present, a derivative for removing a lot of the fluidic redox pair may be useful.
  • the discharged amount can be easily released into the environment, for example if the fluidic redox pair comprises water vapor as the oxidation product. Water or water vapor is easy to replace and harmless to the environment, so nothing speaks against a discharge to the environment. Nevertheless, a circuit is advantageous as the frequency with which the fluidic ⁇ cal redox couple must be replenished, then lower.
  • the energy storage is maintained at a high temperature. This temperature is 600 ° C or more.
  • the temperature of the process fluid leaving the energy store is therefore usually of the order of 600 ° C.
  • the required for the evaporation of the oxidation product and / or fluidic Oxidationsedukts of the redox couple Ener ⁇ energy can therefore be, for example, Won ⁇ NEN.
  • From the waste heat of the process fluid The amount of heat stored in the exiting process fluid is suitable for a large number of possible fluidic redox pairs to induce evaporation. Especially when water vapor is used, the tempera- ture more than sufficient to ⁇ complete the evaporation process brought about.
  • the process fluid supplied to the energy store is heated before being supplied to the energy store. This heating can also be done by means of the waste heat contained in the process fluid after leaving the energy store.
  • the energy required for vaporizing the oxidation product and / or the oxidation educt of the fluidic redox couple can then be obtained from the residual heat in many suitable redox pairs, in particular in the case of water vapor as the oxidation product, which is still present in the discharged process fluid after the process fluid has been heated ,
  • the oxidation product and / or the Oxidationsedukt of flui ⁇ sized redox couple can be condensed again, after it has been passed to the first redox couple along. Condensation is particularly advantageous if the flu- idische redox couple circulating in a circuit and is kept in stock in the form of the liquid oxidation product and / or of the liquid Oxi ⁇ dationsedukts.
  • an energy storage comprises a first electrode, which is arranged such that a process fluid can be conducted along it, and which comprises a material which generates anions from this constituent with the release of electrons to a constituent of the process fluid or with absorption of Electrons from
  • Anions can consume them by neutralizing their charge and delivering it to the process fluid; a second electrode which comprises a material which can generate anions with the release of electrons or which can consume anions while taking up electrons; an anion-conducting electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first redox pair, which comprises a first Oxidationsedukt and a first oxidation product, for example a Me ⁇ tall and its oxide or two different Oxidationsstu- fen of a metal, and a housing which is sealed against the entrance of the surrounding medium of the housing, but the supply allowed by process fluid to the first electrode.
  • the first electrode may be formed as part of the housing ⁇ outer wall.
  • a second electrode between on the one hand and the first redox couple on the other hand befindliches fluidic redox couple upstream hands, comprising a fluidic Oxidationsedukt and a fluidic ⁇ ULTRASONIC oxidation product.
  • the fluidic oxidation product is reduced at the first Oxidationsedukt generating the first oxidation product to the fluidic Oxidationsedukt and the fluidi- see Oxidationsedukt at the second electrode by means of
  • the fluidic Oxidationsedukt is oxidized at the first oxidation product to form said first oxidation onsedukts to the fluidic oxidation product and the fluidic oxidation product reduced at the second electrode to the fluidic Oxidationsedukt, wherein at the two ⁇ th electrode anions receiving electrons generated from the second electrode.
  • the Fluidic redox couple With the help of the fluidic redox couple the Matterskine ⁇ policy of the energy storage can be improved. It is particularly advantageous with regard to the reaction kinetics if the fluidic redox couple is gaseous.
  • the housing are sealed against ingress of air by means of the fluidic redox pair, if a pump or a compressor is provided with which the fluidic redox pair is maintained within the housing at a pressure which is above the ambient pressure outside the housing.
  • the housing can have at least one supply line for supplying the fluidic redox pair, which makes it possible to replace a quantity of fluidic redox pair lost due to leaks in the housing. Furthermore, at least one discharge for removing the fluidic redox pair may also be present, which makes it possible to form a circuit for the fluidic redox pair.
  • the first redox couple comprises a metal and its oxide or two different oxidation states of a metal
  • the use of steam leads to good results in terms of improving the reaction kinetics.
  • water vapor is easy to obtain and in terms of avoiding environmental pollution when exiting the housing particularly advantageous ⁇ liable.
  • an evaporator which converts the fluidic redox couple from the liquid state into the gaseous state and the one via the supply line to the housing connected gas outlet (steam outlet in the case of steam as the oxidation product of the fluidic redox couple).
  • the evaporator can be heated electrically, for example. If the energy store has a high temperature, instead of the electric heater of the evaporator, a heat exchanger may be present through which the liquid
  • Oxidation product and / or the liquid Oxidationsedukt the fluidic redox couple flows and the leaked by means of a process fluid branch line from the energy storage Process fluid for the transmission of waste heat to the liquid oxidation product and / or the liquid Oxidationsedukt supplied ⁇ leads. Since the temperatures of the energy storage are usually at 600 ° C or more, the waste heat is sufficient to bring a large number of possible fluidic redox couples to evaporate. Particularly in the case of water as the oxidation product of the fluidic redox couple, the amount of heat present in the leaked process fluid is by far sufficient to cause evaporation. In particular, the amount of heat is also sufficient to preheat in addition to the evaporation of the oxidation product and / or the Oxidationsedukt the fluidi ⁇ rule redox couple in the energy storage inflowing process fluid.
  • the energy store according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, so that the advantages mentioned with reference to the method can be realized with it.
  • Figure 1 shows the charging and discharging of a system based on the oxidation and reduction on a metal energy ⁇ memory.
  • Figure 2 shows the basic structure of a erfindungsge ⁇ bau H energy storage including a system for supplying the process fluid and the fluidic redox couple.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically the internal structure of the energy storage of Figure 2 and the charging process.
  • FIG. 4 shows the discharge process of the energy store
  • Figure 5 shows the energy storage of Figure 2 with a
  • Figure 6 shows the energy storage of Figure 2 with a
  • Figure 7 shows the energy storage of Figure 5 with a
  • Evaporator which is operated by means of the waste heat of the process fluid.
  • FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of an energy storage device from FIG. 5 with an evaporator for the fluidic redox pair, which is operated by means of waste heat from the process fluid.
  • FIG. 3 is the external design of the energy store including its systems for supplying air and water vapor
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 is on the internal structure of the energy store, but the latter is shown only schematically is, as well as on the running during loading and unloading of the energy storage processes.
  • the energy store shown in Figure 2 comprises an air inlet 1, which leads to a fan 2, which conducts air via a line 3 to a heat exchanger 4. There will be the Preheated air and passed via another line 5 in a hous ⁇ Se 6, which is formed in the present embodiment as a thermally insulated high-temperature chamber. To remove the air from the high-temperature chamber, an exhaust duct 8 is present, which leads to the heat exchanger 4. There, the exhaust air heat is removed to preheat the air flowing into the high-temperature chamber 6 air. From the heat exchanger 4, the exhaust air 9 is released into the environment.
  • At least one cell stack 6a with a number of electrically series-connected cells, each cell having as main components, an air electrode 12, a second electrode 14, an interim ⁇ rule the two electrodes 12, 14 arranged solid electrolyte 16, comprises a metallic and oxidic or SpeI ⁇ cher 18, a process fluid passage 20, which is a process gas channel in the present example from ⁇ guide, and a water vapor channel ⁇ 22nd
  • a process fluid passage 20 which is a process gas channel in the present example from ⁇ guide
  • a water vapor channel ⁇ 22nd One cell of the cell stack 6a is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • Interconnectors 24a, 24b are provided between the cells, one of which is in electrical contact with the air electrodes 12 and one with the second electrodes 14 and which are insulated from each other. Endplat ⁇ th are present at the two ends of the cell stack 6a.
  • the end plates also have electrical connections 24c, 24d, which enable the circuit to be closed outside the energy store.
  • the end plates as well as the edges of the interconnects 24a, 24b may be part of the housing.
  • the metal of the memory 18 has in the present case an exemplary bivalent valence. Other valences are also possible in principle. Suitable oxidation states include, for example, iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), etc.
  • the metal provides the Oxidationsedukt of a first redox couple, which is used for energy storage. The oxidation product is then the metal oxide, when using iron, for example. Iron (II) oxide (FeO).
  • the air electrode (first electrode) 12 serves various purposes. It exchanges molecular oxygen from the process gas ⁇ , electrons with the interconnector 24a or the associated end plate and oxygen ions with the electrolyte.
  • the demands on the material, structure and technical solutions with respect to high-temperature temperature-Brennsoffzellen from the prior art (engl. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SOFC) ⁇ be known.
  • An example of the requirements fulfilling Ma ⁇ TERIAL is eg. Lanthanum strontium manganite, LSM shortly.
  • the solid electrolyte 16 may be made in the present embodiment of scandium-stabilized or yttrium-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ, YSZ). It is also possible that it is made of a combination of these two materials. Such solid electrolyte show highly selective oxygen ion conduction but require relatively high operating temperatures of typically at least 600 ° C. It should be noted at this point ⁇ that at these temperatures iron (11) oxide (FeO) present in the iron as the divalent metal is stable.
  • the energy store further includes a fluidic redox pair that communicates with both the reservoir 18 and the second electrode 14.
  • the fluidic re- doxcru comprises in the present embodiment, hydrogen as Oxidationsedukt and steam as Oxidationspro- product.
  • the steam then exits the high-temperature chamber, so that the ingress of air (air ingress) and the associated uncontrolled oxidation of the first redox couple can be prevented.
  • the steam flow through the high-temperature chamber 6 should on the one hand be large enough to compensate for losses due to leaks, but on the other hand should not be too large to displace as little hydrogen as possible. Rejected hydrogen can be recovered only with increased technical effort and would also lead to a reduction in energy storage efficiency.
  • the oxygen ions are from the electrolyte 14 forwarded to the air electrode 12, where from them under electron donation molecular oxygen is formed, which is discharged to the process gas channel 20 and discharged through it.
  • the off given in the air electrode 12 of the oxygen ions, electrons are to the DC power source wei ⁇ terleton so that the circuit is closed 26th
  • the water produced in the water vapor channel 22 by the electrolysis ⁇ material reduces the metal of the storage electrode 18, where it is oxidized again to water vapor, which in turn can then be subjected to the second electrode 14 of the electrolysis. This process continues until no more metal ⁇ oxide is present, or only so little metal oxide is present that no further reduction occurs. Since ⁇ after the energy storage is fully charged.
  • the discharging of the energy store is shown in FIG.
  • a consumer ⁇ cher instead of the DC power source 26, shown in Figure 4 by a resistor 28, connected in the circuit.
  • the air electrode 12 To unload the air electrode 12 is fed air 20 through the process gas channel, the air electrode 12 dissociates the atmospheric oxygen and Sau ⁇ erstoffionen 0 2 ⁇ forms. In this case, the air electrode 12 electrons are withdrawn, so that forms a positive potential at this.
  • the oxygen ions are forwarded to the second electrode 14. There they oxidize hydrogen gas to water vapor, wherein electrons are delivered to the second electrode 14, so that there forms a negative potential.
  • the charging and discharging processes described proceed in Tempe ⁇ temperatures from 600 ° C or more.
  • the cells described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 are therefore in the form of one or more cell stacks 6a in the previously-mentioned thermally insulated high-temperature chamber 6 in order to maintain the temperature in this range of 600 ° C. or more with as little effort as possible to be able to.
  • the process gas is preheated, so that the temperature difference between the process gas and the stack 6a is reduced.
  • the preheating of the air takes place in the heat exchanger 4, where the air flowing into the stack 6a is heated by the waste heat of the air emerging from the stack 6a, before the leaked air is discharged to the environment.
  • FIG. 5 A variant of the energy accumulator, having a SpeI ⁇ storage volume 30 for storing the at least one oxidation product or a Oxidationsedukts the fluidic redox pair is shown in FIG. 5
  • a lot of fluidic redox can storage volume from the Spei ⁇ are few refilled in the high-temperature chamber 6, if necessary.
  • the water vapor present in the fluidic redox pair in the present exemplary embodiment is not kept in the form of steam but in the form of water.
  • the water can be fed to an evaporator 34, where the water is evaporated and can then be supplied via the refill 10 of the high temperature chamber 6.
  • Displaced water vapor can be discharged accordingly through the discharge line 11 to the environment.
  • container 30 feed again.
  • the discharge line 11 is connected to a heat exchanger, which serves as a cooler or condenser 36.
  • the condensed water is then returned to the reservoir 30.
  • the reservoir 30 is disposed below the condenser 36, so that the remindt ⁇ tion is effected by the capacitor 36 to the reservoir 30 by gravity.
  • the heat exchanger 34 is connected via a branch line 40 to the exhaust air line 8 located between the cell stack 6a and the heat exchanger 4.
  • the mass flow of branched air can be adjusted by means of an adjustable throttle 42 arranged in the branch line 40.
  • the setting takes place by setting a suitable pressure drop at the throttle 42. If the temperature of the exhaust air flowing in the exhaust duct 8 for use in the heat exchanger 34 is too high, the temperature of the flowing through the branch line 40 partial air flow by means of an optional cooler 44 are cooled to a suitable temperature for the evaporator 34.
  • the partial air flow for the evaporator 34 is not removed from that from the cell Stack 6a branched off to the heat exchanger 4 leading exhaust duct 8, but from a heat exchanger 4 downstream exhaust duct 46, from where a branch line 48 leads to the heat exchanger 34.
  • the heat exchanger downstream exhaust pipe 46 leads to a throttle 50, which is adjustable in terms of the pressure drop occurring in it. About the pressure drop across the throttle 50, the pressure in the exhaust pipe 46 can be adjusted, which also affects the pressure in the leading to the evaporator 34 branch line 48.
  • a cooler in the branch line 48 is usually not necessary because the temperature of the exhaust air is reduced after passing through the heat exchanger 4. Typically, however, it is still sufficient to cause evaporator 34 to evaporate the water.
  • WEL ches also is generally suitable for removing heat from the partial flow and, therefore, can perform the cooling function.
  • the circuit shown in Figure 6 is formed so that the condensed water is returned by gravity alone in the reservoir 30. Alternatively, it is also possible to make the return by means of a pump. This increases the freedom in the arrangement of the circuit, since the reservoir 30 then does not need to be lower than the cooler 36.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un accumulateur d'énergie comprenant:une première électrode (12) qui est agencée de sorte qu'un fluide de traitement puisse être guidé le long de ladite électrode et comprend un matériau apte à produire, sous apport d'électrons émis au niveau d'un constituant du fluide de traitement , des anions provenant dudit constituant ou à utiliser, sous absorption d'électrons d'anions, lesdits anions en neutralisant leur charge et en les émettant au niveau du fluide de traitement; une deuxième électrode (14) qui comprend un matériau apte à produire des anions, en émettant des électrons ou à utiliser des anions sous absorption d'électrons; un électrolyte (16) conducteur d'anions, disposé entre la première électrode (12) et la deuxième électrode (14); un premier couple redox (18) qui comprend une première substance de départ d'oxydation et un premier produit d'oxydation; et un boîtier (6) rendu étanche à toute pénétration du milieu qui l'entoure, tout en permettant toutefois d'alimenter la première électrode (12) en fluide de traitement. Un couple redox fluidique se trouve à l'intérieur du boîtier (6), entre la deuxième électrode (14) et le premier couple redox (18) et comprend une substance de départ d'oxydation et un produit d'oxydation fluidique, couple redox dans lequel, lorsque l'accumulateur d'énergie se décharge, le produit d'oxydation fluidique présent au niveau de la substance de départ d'oxydation se réduit en substance de départ d'oxydation fluidique formant ainsi le premier produit d'oxydation et la substance de départ d'oxydation fluidique présente au niveau de la deuxième électrode (14) est oxydée au moyen des anions, en produit d'oxydation fluidique, avec émission d'électrons au niveau de la deuxième électrode (14), et lors de la charge de l'accumulateur d'énergie, la substance de départ d'oxydation fluidique présente au niveau du premier produit d'oxydation est oxydée en produit d'oxydation fluidique , en formant la première substance de départ d'oxydation et le produit d'oxydation fluidique présent au niveau de la seconde électrode (14) est réduit en substance d'oxydation fluidique, des anions étant produits au niveau de la deuxième électrode (14), par absorption d'électrons provenant de la deuxième électrode (14).
EP12727850.5A 2011-06-27 2012-06-13 Accumulateur d'énergie et procédé pour charger ou décharger un accumulateur d'énergie Ceased EP2705562A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011078116A DE102011078116A1 (de) 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 Energiespeicher und Verfahren zum Laden oder Entladen eines Energiespeichers
PCT/EP2012/061177 WO2013000706A1 (fr) 2011-06-27 2012-06-13 Accumulateur d'énergie et procédé pour charger ou décharger un accumulateur d'énergie

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EP2705562A1 true EP2705562A1 (fr) 2014-03-12

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EP12727850.5A Ceased EP2705562A1 (fr) 2011-06-27 2012-06-13 Accumulateur d'énergie et procédé pour charger ou décharger un accumulateur d'énergie

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US (1) US9515354B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2705562A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011078116A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013000706A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012201066A1 (de) * 2012-01-25 2013-07-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Energiespeicher
DE102012205077A1 (de) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Energiespeicher
EP2810332B1 (fr) * 2012-03-29 2018-11-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Accumulateur d'énergie électrique
TWI509870B (zh) * 2014-07-18 2015-11-21 行政院原子能委員會核能研究所 利用電解液流體管路儲放電能之方法與結構
EP3617639A1 (fr) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-04 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Matériaux de sorption commutables
WO2020053903A1 (fr) * 2018-09-10 2020-03-19 Asgari Majid Découverte du procédé d'extraction de gaz hydrogène à partir d'eau et d'économie de gaz d'hydrogène à haute efficacité énergétique

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9515354B2 (en) 2016-12-06
DE102011078116A1 (de) 2012-12-27
WO2013000706A1 (fr) 2013-01-03
US20140125288A1 (en) 2014-05-08

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