EP2731978A2 - Polyétheramines servant d'agents d'accélération dans des systèmes époxy - Google Patents

Polyétheramines servant d'agents d'accélération dans des systèmes époxy

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Publication number
EP2731978A2
EP2731978A2 EP12733670.9A EP12733670A EP2731978A2 EP 2731978 A2 EP2731978 A2 EP 2731978A2 EP 12733670 A EP12733670 A EP 12733670A EP 2731978 A2 EP2731978 A2 EP 2731978A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyetheramine
curable composition
amino
highly branched
hyperbranched
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12733670.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Francois Stumbe
Anna MÜLLER-CRISTADORO
Günter Scherr
Michael Henningsen
Bernd Bruchmann
Miran Yu
Chunhong YIN
Achim Kaffee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP12733670.9A priority Critical patent/EP2731978A2/fr
Publication of EP2731978A2 publication Critical patent/EP2731978A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/02—Polyamines
    • C08G73/024—Polyamines containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/50—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/50—Amines
    • C08G59/5006—Amines aliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/50—Amines
    • C08G59/5026—Amines cycloaliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a curable composition
  • a curable composition comprising an epoxy compound, an amino or anhydride curing agent and a highly branched polyetheramine.
  • the highly branched polyetheramine may terminally have hydroxyl groups (polyol) and / or amino groups (a-mino-modified).
  • the invention also relates to amino-modified hyperbranched polyetheramines which have an average of at least 1%, preferably at least 5%, amino groups as terminal groups, and to a process for preparing such amino-modified highly branched polyetheramines.
  • Epoxy resins are well known and, because of their toughness, flexibility, adhesion and chemical resistance, are used as surface coating materials, as adhesives and for molding and laminating. In particular, for the production of carbon fiber reinforced or glass fiber reinforced composites epoxy resins are used. The use of epoxy resins in casting, potting and encapsulation is well known in the electrical and tool industries.
  • Epoxy materials belong to the polyethers and can be prepared, for example, by condensation of epichlorohydrin with a diol, for example an aromatic diol such as bisphenol A.
  • the epoxy resins are then cured by reaction with a hardener, typically a polyamine (US 4,447,586, US 2,817,644, US 3,629,181, DE 1006101, US 3,321,438).
  • the rate of stoichiometric curing of epoxide compounds with amino hardeners can be increased by adding tertiary amines to the composition which act as accelerators.
  • accelerators are triethanolamine, benzyldimethylamine, 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol and tetramethylguanidine (US 4,948,700).
  • US Pat. No. 6,743,375 teaches the person skilled in the art that tetramethylguanidine is a comparatively weak accelerator.
  • a disadvantage of using these accelerators is that they can migrate after curing in the cured epoxy resin.
  • the present invention relates to curable compositions comprising one or more epoxy compounds, one or more amino or anhydride curing agents and an addition of one or more highly branched polyetheramines.
  • the highly branched polyetheramines according to the invention are highly branched polyetheramine polyols having terminal hydroxy groups or derivatives thereof in which the terminal hydroxyl groups are completely or partially modified.
  • the terminal hydroxy groups of the derivatives are preferably modified in such a way that the corresponding polyetheramine has terminal primary and / or secondary amino groups.
  • the derivatives of the highly branched polyetheramine polyols according to the invention are preferably amino-modified highly branched polyetheramines.
  • the invention also relates to processes for the preparation of cured epoxy resins from the curable composition of the invention by curing the composition.
  • the curing is preferably carried out thermally by heating the composition to at least a temperature at which the amino groups or the anhydride groups of the curing agent and the epoxy groups of the epoxy compound react with each other.
  • the curing can be carried out at normal pressure and at temperatures below 250 ° C., in particular at temperatures below 210 ° C., preferably at temperatures below 185 ° C., in particular in a temperature range from 40 to 210 ° C.
  • the curing of moldings is usually done in a tool until dimensional stability is achieved and the workpiece can be removed from the tool.
  • the degree of curing can be determined by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) by measuring the released reaction energy.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • theological analyzes, pot life measurements or viscosity determinations may also be used to determine the extent of cure.
  • the curing can also be done by non-thermal methods, such as by microwave treatment.
  • the invention further relates to the use of highly branched polyetheramines as an additive in a curable composition of one or more epoxy compounds and one or more amino or anhydride hardeners to accelerate the cure.
  • the macromolecular highly branched polyetheramines cause a significant acceleration of the curing process.
  • the time until complete curing or until a fixed viscosity is reached is reduced by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, more preferably under otherwise identical curing conditions at least 20%.
  • the invention relates to cured epoxy resins preparable by complete or partial curing of the curable composition of the invention.
  • the curing is preferably carried out until a viscosity of at least 10,000 mPas or until dimensional stability has been reached.
  • the invention relates to cured epoxy resins from the curable composition according to the invention.
  • the cured epoxy resins may be in the form of shaped bodies, possibly as composite materials with glass or carbon fibers.
  • the highly branched polyetheramine polyols according to the invention which carry a multiplicity of functional groups, are optionally obtained from trialkanolamines also in a mixture with mono- or dialkanolamines.
  • these monomers are catalytically etherified (acidic or basic catalysis) with elimination of water.
  • the preparation of these polymers is described for example in US 2,178,173, US 2,290,415, US 2,407,895 and DE 40 03 243.
  • the polymerization can be carried out either statistically or block structures can be prepared from individual alkanolamines which are linked together in a further reaction (US Pat. No. 4,404,362).
  • trialkanolamines such as triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, triisopropanolamine or tributanolamine are used, optionally in combination with dialkanolamines such as diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, dibutanolamine, ⁇ , ⁇ ' -Dialkanolpiperidin, or in combination with di- or higher-functional polyetherols based on ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
  • dialkanolamines such as diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, dibutanolamine, ⁇ , ⁇ ' -Dialkanolpiperidin, or in combination with di- or higher-functional polyetherols based on ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide.
  • triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine or their mixture is used as the starting material.
  • the highly functional highly branched polyetheramine polyols are terminated
  • Terminal groups in the sense of this invention are free, reactive groups (terminal or pendant), such as, for example, hydroxyl groups, primary or secondary amino groups, terminal monomer units or reagents of highly branched polyetheramine coupled to terminal monomer units.
  • Alkanol groups in the context of this invention are aliphatic radicals, preferably having 1 to 8 C atoms, a hydroxyl group and without further heteroatoms.
  • the radicals can be linear, branched or cyclic and saturated or unsaturated.
  • a hyperbranched polyetheramine polyol is to be understood as meaning a product which, in addition to the ether groups and the amino groups which form the polymer backbone, furthermore has at least three, preferably at least six, more preferably at least ten, more preferably at least 20 hydroxyl groups.
  • the number of terminal hydroxy groups is in principle not limited to the top, but products with a very high number of hydroxyl groups may have undesirable properties, such as high viscosity or poor solubility.
  • the highly branched polyetheramine polyols of the present invention generally have not more than 500, preferably not more than 150, terminal hydroxy groups.
  • the polyetheramine polyols are prepared either in solution or preferably without solvent. Possible solvents are aromatic and / or aliphatic (including cycloaliphatic) hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, esters and ethers.
  • the temperature in the preparation should be sufficient for the reaction of the alkanolamine. In general, the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100 ° C to 350 ° C, preferably 150 to 300 ° C, more preferably 180 to 280 ° C and especially 200 to 250 ° C.
  • the liberated in the reaction water or low molecular weight reaction products can be removed to accelerate and to complete the reaction from the reaction equilibrium, for example by distillation, optionally at reduced pressure.
  • the separation of the water or of the low molecular weight reaction products can also be supported. by passing a substantially inert gas stream under the reaction conditions (stripping), such as nitrogen or noble gases such as helium, neon or argon.
  • Suitable catalysts are compounds which catalyze etherification or conversion reactions, for example alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogencarbonates, preferably of sodium, potassium or cesium, and acidic compounds such as iron chloride or zinc chloride, formic acid, oxalic acid or phosphorus-containing acidic compounds, such as phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or hypophosphorous acid. Preference is given to using phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or hypophosphorous acid, if appropriate in a form diluted with water.
  • the addition of the catalyst is generally carried out in an amount of 0.001 to 10 mol%, preferably from 0.005 to 7 mol%, particularly preferably 0.01 to 5 mol%, based on the amount of the alkanolamine or alkanolamine mixture used.
  • the intermolecular polycondensation reaction both by adding the appropriate catalyst and by selecting a suitable temperature.
  • the average molecular weight of the polymers can be adjusted via the composition of the starting components and over the residence time.
  • the polymers prepared at elevated temperature are usually stable over a longer period of time, for example for at least 6 weeks, at room temperature, without turbidity, precipitation and / or viscosity increase.
  • the temperature can be lowered to a range in which the reaction comes to a standstill and the polycondensation product is storage-stable.
  • the temperature is usually lowered to below 60 ° C., preferably below 50 ° C., more preferably below 40 ° C. and most preferably to room temperature.
  • This is carried out in the case of basic catalysts, for example by adding an acidic component, such as a Lewis acid or an organic or inorganic protic acid.
  • an acidic component such as a Lewis acid or an organic or inorganic protic acid.
  • acidic catalysts this is done, for example, by adding a basic component, such as a Lewis base or an organic or inorganic base.
  • the high-functionality highly branched polyetheramine polyols according to the invention generally have a glass transition temperature of less than 50 ° C., preferably less than 30 ° C. and more preferably less than 10 ° C.
  • the OH number of the highly branched polyetheramine polyols according to the invention is usually 50 mg KOH / g or more, preferably 150 mg KOH / g or more. The OH number indicates the amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams, which is equivalent to the amount of acetic acid bound upon acetylation of one gram of the substance. It is typically determined according to regulation DIN 53240, part 2.
  • the invention also relates to amino-modified hyperbranched polyetheramines which are obtainable starting from highly branched polyetheramine polyols by reacting an average of at least 1%, preferably at least 5%, of the terminal hydroxyl groups with reagents containing at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one have a reactive group suitable for coupling to the terminal hydroxy groups.
  • the reactive group is, for example, an alcohol, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid chloride, amine or amide group, preferably an alcohol, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid chloride group, more preferably an alcohol group
  • the coupling may be, for example, a cure, an esterification, a transamination or a reaction with cyclic amides such as e.g. Caprolactam act.
  • Preferred couplings are etherifications.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of amino-modified polyetheramines, which is characterized in that a highly branched polyetheramine polyol is reacted with a reagent which has at least one primary or secondary amino group and at least one to covalent coupling with suitable reactive group for the terminal hydroxy groups of the hyperbranched polyetheramine polyol.
  • the reactive group is, for example, an alcohol, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid chloride, amine or amide group, preferably an alcohol, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid chloride group, more preferably an alcohol group.
  • Suitable reagents for the reaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups of highly branched polyetheramine polyols are, for example, monohydric or polyhydric amino alcohols, preferably monohydric aminoalcohols which can form ether bonds with the terminal hydroxy groups of the highly branched polyetheramine polyol.
  • Such amino alcohols are, for example, linear or branched, aliphatic or aromatic alcohols.
  • Such amino alcohols which are used to introduce secondary or primary amino groups are preferably aliphatic amino alcohols having 2 to 40 carbon atoms and aromatic-aliphatic or aromatic-cycloaliphatic amino alcohols having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and aromatic structures having heterocyclic or isocyclic ring systems.
  • Suitable aliphatic amino alcohols are N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, propanolamine, butanolamine, diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, dibutanolamine, 1-amino-3,3-dimethylpentan-5 ol, 2-aminohexane-2 ', 2 "-diethanolamine, 1-amino-2,5-dimethylcyclohexan-4-ol, 2-aminopropanol, 2-aminobutanol, 3-aminopropanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2 -Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 5-aminopentanol, 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, 1-amino-1-cyclopentan-methanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol
  • suitable aromatic-aliphatic or aromatic-cycloaliphatic
  • These functional groups are hydroxy groups to which an average of at least 1%, preferably at least 5%, of a reagent which has at least one primary or secondary amino group is coupled.
  • the reagent is preferably coupled via an ether bridge.
  • the number of terminal functional groups is not limited to the above, but products having a very large number of functional groups may have undesirable properties such as high viscosity or poor solubility.
  • the amino-modified hyperbranched polyetheramines of the present invention generally have not more than 500, preferably not more than 150, terminal functional groups.
  • the weight-average molecular weight (M w) of the highly branched polyether amines is generally from 1 to 500 000 g / mol, preferably from 2000 to 300 000 g / mol.
  • the highly branched polyetheramines have trialkanolamines as monomer units, for example triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, triisopropanolamine or tributanolamine, if appropriate in combination with dialkanolamines and / or polyetherols, the monomer units in the hyperbranched polyetheramine being linked to one another via their hydroxyl groups to form ether bridges.
  • Highly branched polyetheramine is described, for example, for use in coating surfaces (WO 2009/047269) or for producing nanocomposites (WO 2009/1 15535).
  • the curable composition according to the invention preferably has a content of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, of the hyperbranched polyetheramine.
  • Epoxy compounds according to this invention have 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6, very particularly preferably 2 to 4 and in particular 2 epoxide groups.
  • the epoxide groups are, in particular, glycidyl ether groups, as used in the reaction of alcohol groups with Epichlorohydrin arise.
  • the epoxide compounds may be low molecular weight compounds which generally have an average molecular weight (Mn) of less than 1 000 g / mol or are relatively high molecular weight compounds (polymers).
  • the epoxy compounds typically have a degree of oligomerization of 1 to 25 monomer units.
  • the epoxy compounds may be aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds or compounds containing aromatic groups.
  • the epoxy compounds are compounds having two aromatic or aliphatic 6-membered rings or their oligomers.
  • epoxide compounds which are obtainable by reacting the epichlorohydrin with compounds which have at least two reactive H atoms, in particular with polyols.
  • epoxide compounds obtainable by reacting the epichlorohydrin with compounds containing at least two, preferably two, hydroxy groups and two aromatic or aliphatic 6-membered rings.
  • bisphenol A and bisphenol F and hydrogenated bisphenol A and bisphenol F may be mentioned.
  • epoxy compounds according to this invention for example, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) is used. Also suitable are reaction products of epichlorohydrin with other phenols, for example with cresols or phenol-aldehyde adukten, such as phenol-formaldehyde resins, in particular novolacs. Also suitable are epoxide compounds which are not derived from epichlorohydrin. Suitable examples are epoxide compounds which contain epoxide groups by reaction with glycidyl (meth) acrylate.
  • Amino hardeners for the purposes of the present invention are compounds having at least one primary or at least two secondary amino groups. Starting from epoxide compounds having at least two epoxide groups, hardening by a polyaddition reaction (chain extension) can be carried out with an amino compound having at least two amino functions. The functionality of an amino compound corresponds to their number of NH bonds. A primary amino group thus has a functionality of 2 while a secondary amino group has a functionality of 1. By linking the amino groups of the amino hardener with the epoxide groups of the epoxide compound, oligomers of the amino hardener and the epoxide compound are formed, wherein the epoxide groups are converted to free OH groups.
  • amino hardeners having a functionality of at least 3 (for example at least 3 secondary amino groups or at least one primary and one secondary amino group), especially those having two primary amino groups (functionality of 4).
  • Preferred amino hardeners are isophoronediamine (IPDA), dicyandiamide (DICY), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), bis (p-aminocyclohexyl) methane (PACM), polyetheramine D230, dimethyldicykan (DMDC), diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) , Diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), 2,4-toluenediamine, 2,6-toluenediamine, 2,4-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, 2,4-diamino-3,5-diethyltoluene and 2,6-diamino-3,5-diethyl
  • epoxy compound and amino hardener are used in an approximately stoichiometric ratio the number of epoxide groups or the amino functionality.
  • Particularly suitable ratios are, for example, 1: 0.8 to 1: 1, 2.
  • Anhydridhärter in the context of the present invention are organic compounds having at least one, preferably with exactly one intramolecular carboxylic acid anhydride group.
  • Preferred anhydride hardeners are succinic anhydride (SCCA), phthalic anhydride (PSA), tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (THPA), hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA),
  • Methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride
  • MHHPA endo-cis-bicyclo [2.2.1] -6-methyl-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride
  • NMA dic methyl anhydride
  • DDSA dodecenylsuccinic anhydride
  • PMDA pyromellitic dianhydride
  • TMA trimellitic anhydride
  • BTDA benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride
  • Particularly preferred anhydride hardeners for the curable composition of the invention are MHHPA and NMA.
  • epoxide compound and anhydride hardener are preferably used in an approximately stoichiometric ratio based on the number of epoxide or anhydride groups. Suitable ratios are, for example, 1: 0.8 to 1: 1, 2.
  • Curable compositions according to the present invention include, for example, the combination comprising diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A (DGEBA), isophoronediamine (IPDA) and hyperbranched polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, IPDA and highly branched amino-modified polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, polyetheramine D230 and highly branched polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, polyetheramine D230 and highly branched amino-modified polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, dicyandiamide (DICY) and hyperbranched polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, DICY and hyperbranched amino-modified polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) and hyperbranched polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, MHHPA and hyperbranched amino-modified polyetheramine, the combination comprising DGEBA, Nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) and hyperbranched polyether
  • the curable composition of the present invention may be both a liquid and solid epoxy compound, amino or anhydride curing agent, and hyperbranched polyetheramine composition.
  • liquid compositions may include liquid components (epoxy compound, amino or anhydride hardener and hyperbranched polyetheramine) or solid components.
  • liquid components epoxy compound, amino or anhydride hardener and hyperbranched polyetheramine
  • solid components mixtures of solid and liquid components can also be used, for example, as solutions or dispersions.
  • mixtures of solid components are used for use as powder coatings.
  • Liquid compositions are of particular importance for the production of fiber-reinforced composite materials.
  • the physical state of the epoxy compound can be adjusted in particular by the degree of oligomerization.
  • the curable composition of the invention with the addition of hyperbranched polyetheramine allows accelerated curing compared to the corresponding formulation without this additive.
  • the curing is preferably accelerated by at least 5%, particularly preferably by at least 10%, in particular by at least 20%.
  • the acceleration of the curing can be determined in particular by measuring the time to reach a set viscosity of 10,000 mPas composition of the invention compared with the corresponding composition without the addition of highly branched polyether under otherwise identical curing conditions.
  • the acceleration of the curing can also be determined by measuring the time to hardening of the composition of the invention on a tempered hot plate with constant stirring compared with the corresponding composition without the addition of the highly branched polyether under otherwise identical curing conditions.
  • the highly branched polyetheramine does not migrate in the cured epoxy resin due to its high molecular weight and does not migrate during processing.
  • the usually low-viscosity hardener can first be mixed with the highly branched polyetheramine to form a pre-formulation.
  • This pre-formulation and the similarly viscous epoxy compound can then be mixed well and uniformly with one another shortly before curing (for example, into a molding).
  • the viscosities of these components (preformulation and epoxide compound) at the mixing temperature differ by a maximum of a factor of 20, more preferably by a maximum of a factor of 10, in particular a maximum of a factor of 5, preferably a mixing temperature is selected which is 0 to 20 ° C, more preferably 0 to 10 ° C below the selected curing temperature.
  • a temperature is preferably selected for mixing the components and filling the mold with the wetting of the fibers, wherein the epoxy compound used has a viscosity of not more than 200 mPas, particularly preferably not more than 100 mPas, in particular a viscosity in a range of 20 to 100 mPas.
  • the mixing of similarly viscous liquids usually succeeds better and more uniformly than the mixing of very different viscous liquids. Therefore, using such preformulations having a viscosity adapted to the epoxy compound, moldings of cured epoxy resin whose material property is better and more uniform can be produced.
  • the cured epoxy resins of the present invention have improved mechanical properties compared to the cured epoxy resins resulting from a corresponding However, without the addition of highly branched polyetheramine be prepared composition.
  • the flexural strength, the flexural modulus and the bending elongation are markedly improved. These parameters can be determined, for example, by means of a 3-point bending test according to ISO 178: 2006.
  • the product mixture was then cooled to room temperature and analyzed.
  • the polyetheramines were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with a refractometer as detector. Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was used as the mobile phase, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the standard for determining the molecular weight (weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn)). The OH number was determined in accordance with DIN 53240, Part 2.
  • the amine number indicates the amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams that corresponds to the amine basicity of one gram of the test compound. Their voting took place according to the regulation ASTM D 2074.
  • Epoxy Compositions with Hardener Isophoronediamine and Addition of Highly Branched Polyetheramines Per 5 g of the hyperbranched polyetheramines of Ex. 1 to 4 were respectively mixed with 100 g of a bisphenol A type low viscosity and solvent free epoxy resin (Epilox A 19-03 of LEUNA-Harze GmbH) and 23.6 g of the cycloaliphatic amino hardener isophoronediamine (IPDA from BASF SE).
  • the reference was a batch of the same amounts of epoxy resin and IPDA without the addition of a highly branched polyetheramine.
  • the reactivity of the epoxy compositions was examined by measuring the viscosity of the
  • Epoxy compositions over time at 40 ° C by means of plate / plate rheometer (MCR300 from Anton Paar GmbH, Austria). Determined as a measure of the reactivity, the reaction time at which the respective epoxy composition reached a viscosity of 10,000 mPas. The results are summarized in Table 2.
  • Epoxy compositions with hardener Polyetheramine D230 and addition of highly branched polyetheramines Per 5 g of hyperbranched polyetheramines of Ex. 1 to 4 were each mixed with 100 g of a low viscosity and solvent-free bisphenol A type epoxy resin (Epilox A 19-03 from LEUNA-Harze GmbH) and 33.5 g of the amino hardener D230 (from BASF SE), an aliphatic linear polyetheramine.
  • the reference was a batch of the same amounts of epoxy resin and D230 without the addition of a highly branched polyetheramine.
  • the reactivity of the epoxy compositions was studied by measuring the viscosity of the epoxy compositions over time at 40 ° C using a plate / plate rheometer (MCR300 from Anton Paar GmbH, Austria). Determined as a measure of the reactivity, the reaction time at which the respective epoxy composition reached a viscosity of 10,000 mPas. The results are summarized in Table 2.
  • Epoxy compositions with hardener dicyandiamide and addition of highly branched polyetheramines Per 5 g of hyperbranched polyetheramines of Ex. 1 to 4 were respectively mixed with 100 g of a bisphenol A type low viscosity and solvent free epoxy resin (Epilox A 19-03 of LEUNA-Harze GmbH) and 6.52 g of the latent amino hardener dicyandiamide (DICY, Dyhard 100SH from AlzChem Trostberg GmbH), which is used in particular in 1-K epoxide systems.
  • the reference was a batch of the same amounts of epoxy resin and DICY without the addition of a highly branched polyetheramine.
  • the reactivity of the epoxy compositions was studied by measuring the viscosity of the epoxy compositions over time at 140 ° C by plate / plate rheometer (MCR300 of Anton Paar GmbH, Austria). Determined as a measure of the reactivity, the reaction time at which the respective epoxy composition reached a viscosity of 10,000 mPas. The experiment was stopped after 60 minutes. The results are summarized in Table 2.
  • polyTEA made of polyTIPA
  • the epoxy compositions with isophorone diamine (IPDA) hardener and with the addition of highly branched polyetheramine according to Example 2 and Example 4 and the corresponding reference without the addition of highly branched polyetheramine were prepared as described in Example 6.
  • IPDA isophorone diamine
  • the pot life is the time to reach the maximum reaction temperature. It corresponds to the time during which the viscosity of the curable composition is low enough that processing of the composition is possible. The maximum temperature and pot life were determined.
  • the corresponding epoxy compositions with the hyperbranched polyetheramine according to Example 2 has a pot life of 43 min and a maximum temperature of 226 ° C and that with the highly branched polyetheramine according to Example 4 has a pot life of 66.9 minutes and a maximum temperature of 226 ° C while the reference composition has a pot life of 137 minutes and a maximum temperature of 174 ° C.
  • Example 1 1
  • Cure time determination was on a B-time plate at 160 ° C.
  • the epoxy compositions with dicyandiamide (DICY) hardener and addition of highly branched polyetheramine and the corresponding reference without the addition of highly branched polyetheramine were prepared as described in Example 8 and dropped onto the 160 ° C hot plate. The mixture was then stirred by hand constantly with a wooden stick until it became hard. The appropriate time is the cure time.
  • the measurements are summarized in Table 3. Compared with the cure time, the reference showed the epoxy compositions with the addition of hyperbranched polyetheramines a significantly reduced curing time. The addition of these highly branched polyetheramines thus had a curing effect significantly accelerating effect.
  • Table 3 :
  • compositions with isophoronediamine hardener and addition of hyperbranched polyetheramines are provided.
  • Cure time determination was on a B-time plate at 160 ° C.
  • the epoxy compositions with MHHPA hardener and addition of highly branched polyetheramine and the corresponding reference were dropped onto the 160 ° C hot plate.
  • the mixture was then stirred by hand constantly with a wooden stick until it became hard.
  • the appropriate time is the cure time.
  • the determination of the curing time was stopped after 120 minutes for the reference or at the latest after 30 minutes for the samples with addition of hyperbranched polyetheramine. The results are summarized in Table 5
  • compositions with NMA hardener and addition of highly branched polyetheramine and the corresponding reference were dropped onto the 160 ° C hot plate. The mixture was then stirred by hand constantly with a wooden stick until it became hard. The appropriate time is the cure time. The determination of the curing time was stopped after 120 minutes for the reference and after 30 minutes at the latest for the samples with the addition of hyperbranched polyetheramine. The results are summarized in Table 5

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Abstract

L'invention concerne l'accélération du durcissement de compositions à base de composés époxy et de durcisseurs aminés ou anhydrides par addition de polyétheramines très ramifiées. Les polyétheramines très ramifiées peuvent présenter des groupes hydroxy (polyols) terminaux et/ou des groupes amino (amino-modifiés) terminaux. Les polyétheramines très ramifiées amino-modifiées peuvent être obtenues par modification ultérieure des groupes hydroxy terminaux de polyétheramines-polyols très ramifiées.
EP12733670.9A 2011-07-15 2012-07-03 Polyétheramines servant d'agents d'accélération dans des systèmes époxy Withdrawn EP2731978A2 (fr)

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EP11174226 2011-07-15
EP12733670.9A EP2731978A2 (fr) 2011-07-15 2012-07-03 Polyétheramines servant d'agents d'accélération dans des systèmes époxy
PCT/EP2012/062945 WO2013010788A2 (fr) 2011-07-15 2012-07-03 Polyétheramines servant d'agents d'accélération dans des systèmes époxy

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WO2013010788A3 (fr) 2013-05-10
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US20130184379A1 (en) 2013-07-18
JP2014520937A (ja) 2014-08-25
US20160083518A1 (en) 2016-03-24

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