EP2745954A2 - Method for forging - Google Patents

Method for forging Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2745954A2
EP2745954A2 EP13196889.3A EP13196889A EP2745954A2 EP 2745954 A2 EP2745954 A2 EP 2745954A2 EP 13196889 A EP13196889 A EP 13196889A EP 2745954 A2 EP2745954 A2 EP 2745954A2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
forging
workpiece
feed direction
tools
deformed
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EP13196889.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2745954B1 (en
EP2745954A3 (en
EP2745954B8 (en
Inventor
Rupert Wieser
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GFM GmbH
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GFM GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof
    • B21K27/02—Feeding devices for rods, wire, or strips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for forging a workpiece, which is processed by means of rotationally symmetrically arranged, radially acting on the workpiece forging tools in several stitches with at least partially opposite feed direction.
  • the deformations of the workpiece and the resulting flow conditions depend on the geometry of the forging tools. If forging tools are used in which the forming surfaces facing the feed direction of the workpiece are inclined relative to the forging axis, a comparatively large reduction in cross section per stitch can be achieved, which means a reduction in the number of stitches required for a given reduction in cross section and thus a reduction in forging time allowed, in particular when the workpiece is machined alternately with opposite feed direction, so that empty feeds of the workpiece can be avoided.
  • Such forging with successive stitches with opposite feed direction requires symmetrically designed forging tools with respect to their longitudinal center.
  • the reduction in cross section per stitch is limited by the width of the molding surface, so that forging a workpiece with predetermined final dimensions a larger number of stitches than forged tools with inclined mold surfaces is required.
  • the forging tools have a wedge shape in cross-section perpendicular to the forging axis, which in inclined forming surfaces to a Broadening of the mold surfaces with increasing distance from the forging axis leads.
  • due to the force effects of the differently oriented opposite the workpiece molding surfaces of the forging tools different voltages in the workpiece and thus different flow conditions, which may be important in some cases.
  • the forging hammers have differently inclined forming surfaces for the opposite directions of advance, so that after forging the slab to the end section, the slab is pulled out of the forging area in the main feed direction with the forge hammers open, and then the unfired end section of front end of the slab ago against the main feed direction can be finished by the forging hammers.
  • Such a forging method is not suitable for forging workpieces in multiple passes.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a forging method which is suitable for low quantities and opens the possibility to have a special influence on the microstructure throughout the forging area.
  • the invention solves the problem set by the fact that the workpiece is deformed depending on the feed direction with differently inclined mold surfaces of the forging tools.
  • a further advantageous influence on the forging behavior can be achieved in that the workpiece is deformed by means of a plurality of mutually opposite with respect to the forging axis paired opposed forging tools, which process the workpiece, at least in successive stitch groups successively or simultaneously.
  • the successive use of the pairwise operable forging tools can be advantageously used in particular in pipe production, because for the production of a hollow preform, the successive action of the pairs of tools on the workpiece per stitch brings advantages in terms of expansion of the hollow body with it.
  • the further processing of the preform can then be carried out in the usual way with the help of the simultaneously used forging tools.
  • the illustrated forging apparatus has conventionally a frame 1 with four opposite each other in pairs with respect to a forging axis 2 forging tools 3, which are acted upon by adjusting drives radially to the forging axis 2 and equipped with forging hammers 4.
  • the adjusting drives for the paired forging tools 3 can be operated simultaneously or at a time interval, depending on the selected forging process for the tool pairs, so that the workpiece 5 are processed simultaneously or in sections by the distributed over its circumference forging tools.
  • the workpiece 5 is detected by means of clamping devices 6 each end and rotated about the forging axis 2.
  • the clamping devices 6 themselves are on Supported carriage 7, which are movable along guides 8 and provide for opposite feed directions of the workpiece 5.
  • feed direction 9 of the forging hammer 4 forms a sloping inclined to the workpiece 5 mold surface 10, which merges into a parallel to the forging axis 2 forming surface 11.
  • the inclined mold surface 10 can, unlike the embodiment, also have two or more sections with different inclination.
  • the shaping surfaces 10, 11 deviating from a planar course in adaptation to the workpiece to be forged can also be conical or cylindrical.
  • the axis-parallel shaping surface 11 forms the inlet-side shaping surface, which is decisive for workpiece machining, for the opposite feed direction 12, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.
  • From the dash-dotted line outline of the workpiece in front of the illustrated forging stroke of the forging hammer 4 shows that the deformed per Schmiedehub volume elements 13 are different and that due to the different force effects due to the different orientations of the forming surfaces 10, 11 relative to the workpiece 5 results in different forming conditions, which can be utilized by combination due to a suitable sequence of feed directions 9, 12 in a variety of ways to achieve certain material properties.
  • 8 stitches can be provided according to the invention, wherein the first four stitches, the diameter stepwise to 325, 295, 255 and 217 mm, are performed with the feed direction 9, in order to achieve a high cross-sectional reduction due to the inclined mold surface 10.
  • the subsequent four stitches are made alternately with the feed directions 12 and 9, wherein in the feed direction 12 according to the Fig. 3
  • the workpiece diameter is reduced from 217 to 192 mm. In the subsequent three passes with alternating feed direction 9, 12 then the workpiece diameter can be reduced to 163 and 138 mm and finally to the final diameter of 122 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves machining a workpiece (5) for forging process, which is arranged radially to forging tool (3). The machined workpiece in passed through different feed directions. The machined workpiece is inclined and is deformed with the mold surfaces of the forging tools depending on the passage of different feed directions. The workpiece along the feed direction is deformed against the sloping mold surface which is formed in opposite to the feed direction along forging axis (2) formed parallel to mold surface.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Schmieden eines Werkstücks, das mit Hilfe von drehsymmetrisch angeordneten, radial auf das Werkstück einwirkenden Schmiedewerkzeugen in mehreren Stichen mit zumindest teilweise entgegengesetzter Vorschubrichtung bearbeitet wird.The invention relates to a method for forging a workpiece, which is processed by means of rotationally symmetrically arranged, radially acting on the workpiece forging tools in several stitches with at least partially opposite feed direction.

Beim radialen Schmieden hängen die Verformungen des Werkstücks und die dabei auftretenden Fließbedingungen von der Geometrie der Schmiedewerkzeuge ab. Kommen Schmiedewerkzeuge zum Einsatz, bei denen die in Bezug auf die Vorschubrichtung des Werkstücks eingangsseitigen Formflächen gegenüber der Schmiedeachse geneigt verlaufen, so kann eine vergleichsweise große Querschnittsreduktion je Stich erreicht werden, was eine Verringerung der für eine vorgegebene Querschnittsreduktion benötigten Stichanzahl und damit eine Verringerung der Schmiedezeit erlaubt, insbesondere wenn das Werkstück abwechselnd mit entgegengesetzter Vorschubrichtung bearbeitet wird, sodass Leervorschübe des Werkstückes vermieden werden können. Ein solches Schmieden mit aufeinanderfolgenden Stichen mit entgegengesetzter Vorschubrichtung bedingt bezüglich ihrer Längsmitte symmetrisch gestaltete Schmiedewerkzeuge.In radial forging, the deformations of the workpiece and the resulting flow conditions depend on the geometry of the forging tools. If forging tools are used in which the forming surfaces facing the feed direction of the workpiece are inclined relative to the forging axis, a comparatively large reduction in cross section per stitch can be achieved, which means a reduction in the number of stitches required for a given reduction in cross section and thus a reduction in forging time allowed, in particular when the workpiece is machined alternately with opposite feed direction, so that empty feeds of the workpiece can be avoided. Such forging with successive stitches with opposite feed direction requires symmetrically designed forging tools with respect to their longitudinal center.

Bei einer Schmiedebearbeitung der Werkstücke mit Schmiedewerkzeugen, die eine zur Schmiedeachse parallele Formfläche aufweisen, wird die Querschnittsreduktion je Stich durch die Breite der Formfläche begrenzt, sodass zum Schmieden eines Werkstücks mit vorgegebenen Endabmessungen eine größere Stichanzahl als bei Schmiedewerkzeugen mit geneigten Formflächen erforderlich wird. Die Schmiedewerkzeuge weisen ja im Querschnitt senkrecht zur Schmiedeachse eine Keilform auf, was bei geneigten Formflächen zu einer Verbreiterung der Formflächen mit zunehmendem Abstand von der Schmiedeachse führt. Allerdings ergeben sich durch die Krafteinwirkungen der unterschiedlich gegenüber dem Werkstück ausgerichteten Formflächen der Schmiedewerkzeuge unterschiedliche Spannungen im Werkstück und damit unterschiedliche Fließbedingungen, was in manchen Fällen von Bedeutung sein kann. Soll daher diese Wirkung auf das Werkstück genützt werden, ohne auf geringe Stichanzahlen verzichten zu müssen, so bleibt nichts anderes übrig, als das Werkstück zunächst mit Schmiedewerkzeugen zu bearbeiten, die geneigte Formflächen aufweisen, und dann die Schmiedebearbeitung in einer anschließenden Schmiedevorrichtung mit Schmiedewerkzeugen zu beenden, die eine entsprechende Werkzeuggeometrie mit parallel zur Schmiedeachse verlaufenden Formflächen besitzen. Nachteilig ist allerdings der Anlagenaufwand, der nur für größere Serien in Frage kommt. Außerdem muss unter Umständen mit einer notwendig werdenden Zwischenerwärmung gerechnet werden.In a forging machining of workpieces with forging tools, which have a parallel to the forging axis molding surface, the reduction in cross section per stitch is limited by the width of the molding surface, so that forging a workpiece with predetermined final dimensions a larger number of stitches than forged tools with inclined mold surfaces is required. The forging tools have a wedge shape in cross-section perpendicular to the forging axis, which in inclined forming surfaces to a Broadening of the mold surfaces with increasing distance from the forging axis leads. However, due to the force effects of the differently oriented opposite the workpiece molding surfaces of the forging tools different voltages in the workpiece and thus different flow conditions, which may be important in some cases. Therefore, if this effect should be used on the workpiece, without having to do without small numbers of stitches, it has no choice but to first work the workpiece with forging tools having inclined mold surfaces, and then finish the forging in a subsequent forging with forging tools which have a corresponding tool geometry with parallel to the forging axis forming surfaces. The disadvantage, however, is the investment, which comes only for larger series in question. In addition, under certain circumstances must be expected with a necessary interim heating.

Um beim Walzen von vorgeschmiedeten Brammen Fehler im Endbereich zu vermeiden, ist es außerdem bekannt ( EP 0 157 575 A1 ), beim Schmieden der Brammen ein ungeschmiedetes, verdicktes Ende vorzusehen, das allerdings gegen das stirnseitige Ende hin durch ein Schmieden entgegen der Hauptvorschubrichtung im Querschnitt reduziert wird, sodass sich im Bereich dieses Endabschnitts der Bramme besondere Spannungsverhältnisse einstellen, die beim nachträglichen Walzen der Bramme zur Fehlervermeidung führen. Um diesen Endabschnitt vom stirnseitigen Ende her bearbeiten zu können, weisen die Schmiedehämmer unterschiedlich geneigte Formflächen für die entgegengesetzten Vorschubrichtungen auf, sodass nach dem Schmieden der Bramme bis zum Endabschnitt die Bramme bei geöffneten Schmiedehämmern aus dem Schmiedebereich in der Hauptvorschubrichtung gezogen und dann der ungeschmiedete Endabschnitt vom stirnseitigen Ende der Bramme her entgegen der Hauptvorschubrichtung durch die Schmiedehämmer fertig bearbeitet werden kann. Ein solches Schmiedeverfahren eignet sich nicht zum Schmieden von Werkstücken in mehreren Stichen.In addition, in order to avoid defects in the end area when rolling forged slabs, it is known (US Pat. EP 0 157 575 A1 ), when forging the slabs to provide a forged, thickened end, however, is reduced towards the front end by forging against the main feed direction in cross section, so set in the region of this end portion of the slab special stress conditions, the subsequent rolling of the slab for Lead to error avoidance. To be able to process this end portion from the front end, the forging hammers have differently inclined forming surfaces for the opposite directions of advance, so that after forging the slab to the end section, the slab is pulled out of the forging area in the main feed direction with the forge hammers open, and then the unfired end section of front end of the slab ago against the main feed direction can be finished by the forging hammers. Such a forging method is not suitable for forging workpieces in multiple passes.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Schmiedeverfahren anzugeben, das für geringe Stückzahlen geeignet ist und die Möglichkeit eröffnet, besonderen Einfluss auf die Gefügestruktur im gesamten Schmiedebereich zu nehmen.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a forging method which is suitable for low quantities and opens the possibility to have a special influence on the microstructure throughout the forging area.

Ausgehend von einem Schmiedeverfahren der eingangs geschilderten Art löst die Erfindung die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, dass das Werkstück in Abhängigkeit von der Vorschubrichtung mit unterschiedlich geneigten Formflächen der Schmiedewerkzeuge verformt wird.Based on a forging method of the type described above, the invention solves the problem set by the fact that the workpiece is deformed depending on the feed direction with differently inclined mold surfaces of the forging tools.

Aufgrund dieser Maßnahme ist es möglich, in einer einzigen Schmiedevorrichtung das Werkstück mit unterschiedlichen Werkzeuggeometrien bearbeiten zu können, weil ja die in der gewählten Vorschubrichtung eingangsseitige Formfläche des Schmiedewerkzeugs die jeweilige Schmiedebearbeitung maßgeblich bestimmt. Da für die entgegengesetzten Vorschubrichtungen unterschiedlich geneigte Formflächen der Schmiedewerkzeuge zum Einsatz kommen, können die durch diese Formflächen bedingten unterschiedlichen Schmiedebedingungen für die Werkstückbearbeitung genützt werden, und zwar in einer beliebigen Reihenfolge, sodass in mehrfacher Weise auf die Gefügestruktur des Werkstückwerkstoffs Einfluss genommen werden kann. Es wird daher möglich, Werkstücke mit besonderen Werkstoffanforderungen herzustellen, indem beispielsweise zunächst eine vergleichsweise große Querschnittsreduktion je Stich mit Hilfe entsprechend geneigter Formflächen vorgenommen wird, bevor besonderer Einfluss auf die Gefügestruktur durch die Bearbeitung mit Formflächen genommen wird, die parallel zur Schmiedeachse oder mit einem nur geringen Neigungswinkel dazu verlaufen. Durch Leervorschübe kann dabei ein Temperaturausgleich innerhalb des Werkstücks erreicht werden.Due to this measure, it is possible to process the workpiece with different tool geometries in a single forging machine, because the input surface of the forging tool in the selected feed direction determines the respective forging machining decisively. Since differently shaped surfaces of the forging tools are used for the opposite feed directions, the different forging conditions caused by these forming surfaces can be utilized for the workpiece machining, in any order, so that the microstructure of the workpiece material can be influenced in multiple ways. It is therefore possible to produce workpieces with special material requirements, for example, by first a comparatively large cross-sectional reduction per stitch by means of corresponding inclined mold surfaces is made before special influence on the microstructure is taken by machining with molding surfaces, parallel to the forging or with a only small inclination angle to go. Empty feeds can be used to achieve a temperature compensation within the workpiece.

Wie bereits ausgeführt wurde, wird im Allgemeinen ein vorteilhafter Einfluss auf das Schmiedeverhalten dadurch sichergestellt, dass das Werkstück in der einen Vorschubrichtung mit einer in Vorschubrichtung gegen das Werkstück abfallenden Formfläche und in der entgegengesetzten Vorschubrichtung mit einer zur Schmiedeachse parallelen Formfläche verformt wird. Dies ist jedoch nicht zwingend, weil je nach den Umständen auch nur unterschiedlich geneigte Formflächen zum Einsatz kommen können.As already stated, an advantageous influence on the forging behavior is generally ensured by deforming the workpiece in one feed direction with a mold surface falling down in the feed direction against the workpiece and in the opposite feed direction with a mold surface parallel to the forging axis. However, this is not mandatory, because depending on the circumstances, only differently inclined mold surfaces can be used.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Einflussnahme auf das Schmiedeverhalten kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass das Werkstück mit Hilfe mehrerer einander bezüglich der Schmiedeachse paarweise gegenüberliegender Schmiedewerkzeuge verformt wird, die das Werkstück zumindest in aufeinanderfolgenden Stichgruppen nacheinander oder gleichzeitig bearbeiten. Der aufeinanderfolgende Einsatz der paarweise betätigbaren Schmiedewerkzeuge kann insbesondere bei der Rohrfertigung vorteilhaft genützt werden, weil für die Herstellung eines hohlen Vorformlings das aufeinanderfolgende Einwirken der Werkzeugpaare auf das Werkstück je Stich Vorteile hinsichtlich der Aufweitung des Hohlkörpers mit sich bringt. Die weitere Bearbeitung des Vorformlings kann dann in üblicher Weise mit Hilfe der gleichzeitig zum Einsatz kommenden Schmiedewerkzeuge durchgeführt werden.A further advantageous influence on the forging behavior can be achieved in that the workpiece is deformed by means of a plurality of mutually opposite with respect to the forging axis paired opposed forging tools, which process the workpiece, at least in successive stitch groups successively or simultaneously. The successive use of the pairwise operable forging tools can be advantageously used in particular in pipe production, because for the production of a hollow preform, the successive action of the pairs of tools on the workpiece per stitch brings advantages in terms of expansion of the hollow body with it. The further processing of the preform can then be carried out in the usual way with the help of the simultaneously used forging tools.

Anhand der Zeichnung wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Schmiedevorrichtung mit Schmiedewerkzeugen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und die
Fig. 2 und 3
die unterschiedlichen Schmiedewirkungen eines Schmiedehammers bei entgegengesetzten Vorschubrichtungen des Werkstücks anhand des im Schmiedeeingriff befindlichen Schmiedehammers in einer schematischen Seitenansicht in einem größeren Maßstab.
Reference to the drawing, the inventive method is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it
Fig. 1
a forging apparatus with forging tools for carrying out the method and the
FIGS. 2 and 3
the different forging effects of a forging hammer in opposite directions of feed of the workpiece on the basis of forging hammer located in the forging in a schematic side view on a larger scale.

Die dargestellte Schmiedevorrichtung weist in herkömmlicherweise ein Gestell 1 mit vier einander paarweise bezüglich einer Schmiedeachse 2 gegenüberliegenden Schmiedewerkzeugen 3 auf, die über Stelltriebe radial zur Schmiedeachse 2 beaufschlagt werden und mit Schmiedehämmern 4 bestückt sind. Die Stelltriebe für die paarweise angeordneten Schmiedewerkzeuge 3 können dabei je nach dem gewählten Schmiedeverfahren für die Werkzeugpaare gleichzeitig oder in einem zeitlichen Abstand nacheinander betätigt werden, sodass das Werkstück 5 durch die über seinen Umfang verteilten Schmiedewerkzeuge gleichzeitig oder abschnittsweise bearbeitet werden. Das Werkstück 5 wird mit Hilfe von Spanneinrichtungen 6 jeweils endseitig erfasst und um die Schmiedeachse 2 gedreht. Die Spanneinrichtungen 6 selbst sind auf Schlitten 7 gelagert, die entlang von Führungen 8 verfahrbar sind und für entgegengesetzte Vorschubrichtungen des Werkstücks 5 sorgen.The illustrated forging apparatus has conventionally a frame 1 with four opposite each other in pairs with respect to a forging axis 2 forging tools 3, which are acted upon by adjusting drives radially to the forging axis 2 and equipped with forging hammers 4. The adjusting drives for the paired forging tools 3 can be operated simultaneously or at a time interval, depending on the selected forging process for the tool pairs, so that the workpiece 5 are processed simultaneously or in sections by the distributed over its circumference forging tools. The workpiece 5 is detected by means of clamping devices 6 each end and rotated about the forging axis 2. The clamping devices 6 themselves are on Supported carriage 7, which are movable along guides 8 and provide for opposite feed directions of the workpiece 5.

Wie sich insbesondere aus den Fig. 2 und 3 ergibt, weisen die Schmiedehämmer 4 in Bezug auf ihre Längsmitte eine unsymmetrische Werkzeuggeometrie auf. Auf der Einlaufseite bezüglich der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Vorschubrichtung 9 bildet der Schmiedehammer 4 eine gegen das Werkstück 5 abfallend geneigt verlaufende Formfläche 10, die in eine zur Schmiedeachse 2 parallele Formfläche 11 übergeht. Die geneigte Formfläche 10 kann zum Unterschied zum Ausführungsbeispiel auch zwei oder mehrere Abschnitte mit unterschiedlicher Neigung aufweisen. Außerdem können die Formflächen 10, 11 abweichend von einem ebenen Verlauf in Anpassung an das zu schmiedende Werkstück auch konisch oder zylindrisch geformt sein.As can be seen in particular from the FIGS. 2 and 3 results, the forging hammers 4 with respect to their longitudinal center on an asymmetrical tool geometry. On the inlet side with respect to the in Fig. 2 shown feed direction 9 of the forging hammer 4 forms a sloping inclined to the workpiece 5 mold surface 10, which merges into a parallel to the forging axis 2 forming surface 11. The inclined mold surface 10 can, unlike the embodiment, also have two or more sections with different inclination. In addition, the shaping surfaces 10, 11 deviating from a planar course in adaptation to the workpiece to be forged can also be conical or cylindrical.

Die achsparallele Formfläche 11 bildet die für die Werkstückbearbeitung maßgebende einlaufseitige Formfläche für die entgegengesetzte Vorschubrichtung 12, wie dies in der Fig. 3 dargestellt ist. Aus dem strichpunktiert angedeuteten Umriss des Werkstücks vor dem dargestellten Schmiedehub des Schmiedehammers 4 ergibt sich, dass die je Schmiedehub verformten Volumenelemente 13 unterschiedlich sind und dass aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Krafteinwirkungen zufolge der unterschiedlichen Ausrichtungen der Formflächen 10, 11 gegenüber dem Werkstück 5 sich unterschiedliche Umformbedingungen ergeben, die durch Kombination aufgrund einer geeigneten Folge der Vorschubrichtungen 9, 12 in vielfältiger Weise zur Erreichung bestimmter Werkstoffeigenschaften genützt werden können.The axis-parallel shaping surface 11 forms the inlet-side shaping surface, which is decisive for workpiece machining, for the opposite feed direction 12, as shown in FIG Fig. 3 is shown. From the dash-dotted line outline of the workpiece in front of the illustrated forging stroke of the forging hammer 4 shows that the deformed per Schmiedehub volume elements 13 are different and that due to the different force effects due to the different orientations of the forming surfaces 10, 11 relative to the workpiece 5 results in different forming conditions, which can be utilized by combination due to a suitable sequence of feed directions 9, 12 in a variety of ways to achieve certain material properties.

Um einen Schmiederohling mit einem Ausgangsdurchmesser von beispielsweise 380 mm und einer Länge von 1100 mm zu einem Stab mit einem Durchmesser von 122 mm zu schmieden, können nach der Erfindung 8 Stiche vorgesehen werden, wobei die ersten vier Stiche, die den Durchmesser stufenweise auf 325, 295, 255 und 217 mm reduzieren, mit der Vorschubrichtung 9 durchgeführt werden, um aufgrund der geneigten Formfläche 10 eine hohe Querschnittsreduktion zu erreichen. Die anschließenden vier Stiche werden abwechselnd mit den Vorschubrichtungen 12 und 9 vorgenommen, wobei in der Vorschubrichtung 12 gemäß der Fig. 3 der Werkstückdurchmesser von 217 auf 192 mm reduziert wird. In den anschließenden drei Stichen mit abwechselnder Vorschubrichtung 9, 12 kann dann der Werkstückdurchmesser auf 163 und 138 mm und schließlich auf den Enddurchmesser von 122 mm reduziert werden.In order to forge a forging blank having a starting diameter of, for example, 380 mm and a length of 1100 mm to a bar with a diameter of 122 mm, 8 stitches can be provided according to the invention, wherein the first four stitches, the diameter stepwise to 325, 295, 255 and 217 mm, are performed with the feed direction 9, in order to achieve a high cross-sectional reduction due to the inclined mold surface 10. The subsequent four stitches are made alternately with the feed directions 12 and 9, wherein in the feed direction 12 according to the Fig. 3 The workpiece diameter is reduced from 217 to 192 mm. In the subsequent three passes with alternating feed direction 9, 12 then the workpiece diameter can be reduced to 163 and 138 mm and finally to the final diameter of 122 mm.

Würde ein gleiches Werkstück mit Hilfe von Schmiedehämmern bearbeitet werden, die auf beiden Einlaufseiten eine geneigte Formfläche 10 aufweisen, so würde die Querschnittsreduktion von 380 mm auf 122 mm ebenfalls in 8 Stichen durchgeführt werden können, allerdings ohne zusätzliche Einflussnahme auf die Gefügestruktur. Mit dem Einsatz von Schmiedehämmern, die lediglich eine parallel zur Schmiedeachse 2 verlaufende Formfläche 10 aufweisen, wären für die gleiche Bearbeitung 14 Stiche erforderlich.If a similar workpiece were to be processed by means of forging hammers having an inclined forming surface 10 on both inlet sides, the reduction in cross section from 380 mm to 122 mm would likewise be possible in 8 passes, but without additional influence on the microstructure. With the use of forging hammers, which have only one parallel to the forging axis 2 extending mold surface 10, 14 stitches would be required for the same processing.

Claims (3)

Verfahren zum Schmieden eines Werkstücks (5), das mit Hilfe von drehsymmetrisch angeordneten, radial auf das Werkstück (5) einwirkenden Schmiedewerkzeugen (3) in mehreren Stichen mit zumindest teilweise entgegengesetzter Vorschubrichtung (9, 12) bearbeitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (5) in Abhängigkeit von der Vorschubrichtung (9, 12) mit unterschiedlich geneigten Formflächen (10, 11) der Schmiedewerkzeuge (3) verformt wird.Method for forging a workpiece (5), which is processed by means of rotationally symmetrically arranged forging tools (3) acting radially on the workpiece (5) in a plurality of stitches with at least partially opposite feed direction (9, 12), characterized in that the workpiece (5) is deformed depending on the feed direction (9, 12) with differently inclined mold surfaces (10, 11) of the forging tools (3). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (5) in der einen Vorschubrichtung (9) mit einer in Vorschubrichtung (9) gegen das Werkstück (5) abfallenden Formfläche (10) und in der entgegengesetzten Vorschubrichtung (12) mit einer zur Schmiedeachse (2) parallelen Formfläche (11) verformt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece (5) in one feed direction (9) with a in the feed direction (9) against the workpiece (5) sloping mold surface (10) and in the opposite feed direction (12) with a Forging axis (2) parallel mold surface (11) is deformed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück (5) mit Hilfe mehrerer einander bezüglich der Schmiedeachse (2) paarweise gegenüberliegender Schmiedewerkzeuge (4) verformt wird, die das Werkstück (5) zumindest in aufeinanderfolgenden Stichgruppen nacheinander oder gleichzeitig bearbeiten.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the workpiece (5) is deformed by means of a plurality of forging axes (2) in pairs opposed forging tools (4) which process the workpiece (5) successively or simultaneously at least in successive stitch groups.
EP13196889.3A 2012-12-13 2013-12-12 Method for forging Revoked EP2745954B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50588/2012A AT513701B1 (en) 2012-12-13 2012-12-13 Method for forging a workpiece

Publications (4)

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EP2745954A2 true EP2745954A2 (en) 2014-06-25
EP2745954A3 EP2745954A3 (en) 2014-11-26
EP2745954B1 EP2745954B1 (en) 2016-03-16
EP2745954B8 EP2745954B8 (en) 2016-06-22

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EP13196889.3A Revoked EP2745954B8 (en) 2012-12-13 2013-12-12 Method for forging

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EP (1) EP2745954B8 (en)
AT (1) AT513701B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109047635A (en) * 2018-10-30 2018-12-21 新昌县奔力机械有限公司 A kind of forging equipment making cutter blank
CN120394755A (en) * 2025-05-14 2025-08-01 陕西大力神航空新材料科技股份有限公司 A forging device for producing titanium alloy rods

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB777928A (en) 1953-11-05 1957-07-03 Stewarts & Lloyds Ltd Process and means for reducing the diameter of tubes and solids and reducing the diameter and wall thickness of tubes by swaging
AT307203B (en) 1971-08-04 1973-05-10 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Round forging tool for forging machines with two hammers striking against each other
DE3577816D1 (en) * 1984-03-29 1990-06-28 Kawasaki Steel Co METHOD FOR REDUCING THE WIDTH OF PLATES BY PRESSING AND PRESS TO THEREFORE.
DE102008047782A1 (en) 2007-09-17 2009-06-18 Grammer Ag Device i.e. rotary swaging machine, for e.g. swaging work piece, has tool jaws arranged coaxial to center axis and divided into tool parts in axial direction, where tool parts are moveable independent of each other

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109047635A (en) * 2018-10-30 2018-12-21 新昌县奔力机械有限公司 A kind of forging equipment making cutter blank
CN120394755A (en) * 2025-05-14 2025-08-01 陕西大力神航空新材料科技股份有限公司 A forging device for producing titanium alloy rods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2745954B1 (en) 2016-03-16
EP2745954A3 (en) 2014-11-26
AT513701B1 (en) 2015-06-15
AT513701A1 (en) 2014-06-15
EP2745954B8 (en) 2016-06-22

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