Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
  • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
  • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
  • B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
  • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
  • F17C13/021—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the height as the parameter
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
  • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
  • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
  • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
  • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
  • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
  • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/03—Orientation
  • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0323—Valves
  • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
  • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
  • F17C2205/0397—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel on both sides of the pressure vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
  • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
  • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
  • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
  • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
  • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
  • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
  • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
  • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
  • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
  • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
  • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
  • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
  • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/03—Control means
  • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
  • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
  • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
  • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
  • F17C2250/043—Pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
  • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
  • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
  • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
  • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
  • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
  • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
  • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
  • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
  • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
  • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
  • F17C2260/056—Improving fluid characteristics
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
  • F17C2265/022—Mixing fluids identical fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
  • F17C2270/0197—Rockets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the heating of a cryogenic liquid, and in particular to the heating of a cryogenic liquid contained in a tank with a gas head.
• a cryogenic liquid in certain cryogenic applications, particularly for technical tests and scientific experiments, it may be desired to provide a cryogenic liquid at a precise temperature and pressure.
• cryogenic rocket engines and in particular for the cavitation tests of their cryogenic propellant feed pumps, it is increasingly required to supply a flow of cryogenic liquid close to its point of contact. saturation. Indeed, in order to restrict the thickness of the tank walls in the engines propelled by such rocket motors and thus limit their mass, it tends to reduce the pressure of the tanks.
• the liquid supplying the live fire feed pumps is close to the saturation point, which increases the possibility of cavitation phenomena in the pumps.
• the cryogenic liquid in tanks on the ground is generally at a substantially lower temperature, and therefore further from the saturation point.
• the aim of the invention is to propose a method of heating a cryogenic liquid contained in a cryogenic tank with a gaseous sky which makes it possible to heat the cryogenic liquid more rapidly and homogeneously.
• this object is achieved by virtue of the fact that said cryogenic liquid is heated by injection of a hotter gas under a free surface of the cryogenic liquid.
• the heat exchange can be carried out on a whole column of liquid, which allows a more homogeneous reheating, aided more by the convective currents inside the tank.
• the gas of the bubbles may then partly condense and supply the liquid with the energy of its latent heat.
• the injected gas may be a gaseous phase of the gas. cryogenic liquid.
• cryogenic liquid solidify only at a temperature substantially lower than the temperature of the cryogenic liquid in the reservoir, so as not to clog the point of injection, and, if one wants to be able to extract after the cryogenic liquid with a certain purity, are immiscible with it.
• degassing above the free surface of the cryogenic liquid can be carried out during gas injection below this surface in order to maintain the gas head pressure below a predetermined maximum pressure.
• This maximum pressure can be predetermined, for example, depending on a temperature to be reached.
• this degassing can be advantageous to approach this point of saturation, since the injection gas normally causes an increase in pressure in a closed tank.
• too high a pressure in the tank could pose serious safety problems.
• said cryogenic liquid may be liquid hydrogen, since its specific heat is particularly high, making it particularly difficult to heat it by other methods.
• this method can also be considered for other cryogenic liquids.
• said gas can be injected through an extraction point of the cryogenic liquid, thus simplifying the pipes associated with the tank, and avoiding the drilling of additional orifices in the tank, orifices which could be negative both for its insulation thermal than for its mechanical strength.
• the invention also relates to a method for testing a cryogenic device.
• a cryogenic liquid is reheated in a tank with a gas head by injecting a warmer gas under a free surface of the cryogenic liquid, and then supplying the cryogenic device for at least one period of time.
• least one test of the cryogenic device It is thus possible to supply the cryogenic device with a cryogenic liquid at a precise temperature during the test.
• said cryogenic device may comprise at least one cryogenic liquid pump, the reheating thus making it possible to supply this pump with a cryogenic liquid close to its saturation point, in order to perform a cavitation test of the pump.
• a gas flow rate can be injected into the gaseous surface of the cryogenic tank during the test to maintain the gaseous air pressure above the saturation pressure of the cryogenic liquid. It is thus avoided that, following cryogenic liquid extraction from the cryogenic tank, the pressure in the cryogenic tank falls below the saturation point to the desired temperature, causing vaporization of the liquid and cooling of the remaining liquid during the test. .
• the invention also relates to a feed installation for testing a cryogenic device, comprising at least one cryogenic tank for a cryogenic liquid to be supplied to the cryogenic device.
• this system also comprises a device for introducing into the cryogenic tank, below a free surface of the cryogenic liquid, a gas hotter than the cryogenic liquid, in order to heat the cryogenic liquid.
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrating a feed installation for testing a cryogenic device according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the feed system 1 according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a cryogenic tank 1 intended to receive liquid hydrogen 2 for supplying a test bench 4 with liquid hydrogen at temperature and pressure. controlled.
• This test bench 4 may be intended, for example, to test the cold setting and / or the operation of cryogenic rocket engine elements, in particular the pumps for feeding such rocket motors. It can also be intended to test such a rocket engine as a whole.
• the plant and method of the invention could also be used for testing other types of cryogenic devices.
• the cryogenic tank 1 At the bottom of the cryogenic tank 1, it has a point of extraction of liquid hydrogen, in the form of an extraction rod 3, connected to the test bench 4 through a valve 5. This extraction rod 3 is however also connected, through another valve 6, to a first hydrogen gas tank 7. At its top, the cryogenic tank 1 also has a pressurization and degassing point 8 connected, through corresponding valves 9 and 10 at a second and a third hydrogen gas reservoir 11, 12.
• the second hydrogen gas reservoir 11 is intended to receive pressurized hydrogen gas for the pressurization of the cryogenic tank 1.
• the third reservoir of hydrogen gas 12 is intended to receive hydrogen gas from the cryogenic tank 1 during degassing thereof.
• the valves 5, 6, 9 and 10 are connected, for their control, to a control unit 13, normally in the form of an electronic processor.
• This control unit 13 is also connected to at least one temperature sensor 14 and a pressure sensor 15 to, respectively, the bottom and the top of the cryogenic tank 1, as well as than a flow sensor 16 in the conduit between the first hydrogen gas reservoir 7 and the cryogenic tank 1, and a level sensor 20 in the cryogenic tank 1.
• the liquid hydrogen 2 forms a liquid column between the bottom of the tank 1 and a free surface 17. Above this free surface 17 and up to its top, the tank is occupied by hydrogen gas forming a gaseous sky 18, which makes it possible to regulate the pressure inside the cryogenic tank 1.
• the liquid hydrogen 2 is at a temperature T 0 which should be increased to a temperature Ti to supply the test bench 4 during a first test.
• the gaseous atmosphere 18 reigns an initial pressure po, c -
• the initial pressure p 0; f at the bottom of the cryogenic tank 1 corresponds to this initial pressure Po, c plus that exerted by the column of liquid.
• the pressure ⁇ , ⁇ in the first hydrogen gas reservoir 7 is clearly greater than this initial pressure p 0 , f at the bottom of the cryogenic tank 1.
• This heat transmitted by the gaseous hydrogen bubbles to the liquid hydrogen 2 corresponds to the specific heat of hydrogen gas between its initial temperature at the bottom of the cryogenic tank and its condensation temperature, but also to its latent heat of condensation.
• the total flow rate D r i of gaseous hydrogen condenses, and the bubbles 19 are liquefied before reaching the free surface 17.
• the initial pressure po, c is not sufficient high, the bubbles 19 will initially pass through the column of liquid hydrogen 2 without reaching their saturation point.
• the degassing valve 10 Since the degassing valve 10 is initially closed, if the flow rate D r 1 of gaseous hydrogen thus reaches the gaseous sky 18, it will increase the pressure of the gaseous sky 18 to a pressure pi, c at which the gas of the bubbles 19 reaches its saturation point before reaching the free surface 17. Even from this pressure pi, c , the pressure in the cryogenic tank 1 will continue to rise, albeit substantially slower, as long as hydrogen gas will be injected through the cane 3, because of the rise in the level of liquid hydrogen 2 in the cryogenic tank 1, but especially the evaporation of this liquid hydrogen 2 because of the heat received from the bubbles 19. At the same time, the temperature of the Liquid hydrogen 2 rises to saturation temperature.
• the heating of the liquid hydrogen 2 is governed by the saturation temperature, and therefore the pressure.
• a controlled degassing by opening the degassing valve 10, leaving a flow of hydrogen gas D r 3, i escape to the third reservoir of hydrogen gas 12 to not exceed a corresponding pressure p 2 , c in the sky 18.
• the valve 5 is open, so as to extract, from the bottom of the cryogenic tank, a flow rate D e , i of liquid hydrogen at the temperature T 2 and pressure P2, f .
• the valve 9 can be opened in order to pass an equivalent volume flow rate hydrogen gas from the second hydrogen gas reservoir 11 to the gaseous sky 18 of the cryogenic tank.
• the valves 5 and 9 are closed again. If then it is desired to conduct a second test in which the liquid hydrogen 2 is supplied at a lower temperature, it can be cooled by degassing a flow of hydrogen gas D r3; 2 to the third hydrogen gas reservoir 12, by opening the degassing valve 10, in order to to pass below the saturation pressure p 3 , s of hydrogen at the temperature T 3 of the liquid hydrogen at the beginning of this cooling.
• the vaporization of the liquid hydrogen 2 absorbs a quantity of heat equivalent to the latent heat of the mass of liquid hydrogen passing into the gaseous state, and the remaining liquid hydrogen 2 cools correspondingly to reach a temperature T 4 desired.
• the gaseous-sky pressure 18 can be regulated with the valves 9 and 10 to obtain the desired pressure p 4 / C at the gaseous stage 18, which will be greater than that corresponding to the saturation point at the temperature T 4 .
• the valve 5 can then be reopened to supply the test stand 3 with liquid hydrogen at the temperature T 4 and the pressure p 4 / f at the bottom of the cryogenic tank.
• the opening and closing of the valves 5, 6, 9 and 10 can be controlled by the control unit 13 as a function of instructions from a user and / or measurements transmitted by the sensors 14. 15, 16 and 20. It should be added that the pressure at the bottom of the cryogenic tank 1 can be estimated on the basis of the gaseous pressure 18 and the level of liquid hydrogen, respectively sensed by the pressure sensor 15 and the pressure sensor. level 20.
• an initial volume of 65.7 m 3 of liquid hydrogen 2, forming a liquid column 7 m high in a cryogenic tank 1 of 75 m 3 was heated from a temperature T 0 of 20.7 K at a temperature T 2 of 23.2 K in a time t c of 9000 seconds by injection into the cryogenic tank 1, through a cane d ' extraction 3 of 4 mm, a constant rate D r i of 4 g / s of hydrogen gas from a first hydrogen gas tank 7 at room temperature (about 293 K) and 0.57 MPa pressure.
• the pressure in the sky gaseous 18 of the cryogenic tank first descends from an initial pressure p 3; C of 0.35 MPa to the saturation pressure p 3 (S of 0.22 MPa of the liquid hydrogen at the temperature T 3 of 23, 2 K. Then, with the continuation of the degassing, the change of state of a portion of the liquid hydrogen 2 reduces the temperature of the remaining liquid hydrogen 2 to the temperature T 4 of 20.7 K, while the pressure in the gaseous atmosphere 18 follows the saturation curve up to a pressure p 4 C of 0.12 MPa, leaving 62.2 m 3 of hydrogen at the end of this cooling step. liquid eene 2 in the cryogenic tank 1.
• cryogenic liquid is liquid hydrogen
• other cryogenic liquids can be heated and cooled in a similarly controlled manner.
• the heating gas can be injected, rather than through a simple cane, through a distributor with a plurality of orifices, to reduce the size of the bubbles, and thus improve the efficiency of the exchange of heat. heat.
• Individual characteristics of the various embodiments mentioned can of course be combined in additional embodiments. Therefore, the description and drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.

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• 2011
  • 2011-09-22 FR FR1158425A patent/FR2980550B1/fr active Active
• 2012
  • 2012-09-14 RU RU2014105627/06A patent/RU2014105627A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-09-14 EP EP12767072.7A patent/EP2758706A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-09-14 KR KR1020147006469A patent/KR20140060524A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-09-14 WO PCT/FR2012/052053 patent/WO2013041798A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2012-09-14 CN CN201280046104.5A patent/CN103827570B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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