EP2791958B2 - Disjoncteur doté d'une injection de fluide - Google Patents

Disjoncteur doté d'une injection de fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2791958B2
EP2791958B2 EP12798769.1A EP12798769A EP2791958B2 EP 2791958 B2 EP2791958 B2 EP 2791958B2 EP 12798769 A EP12798769 A EP 12798769A EP 2791958 B2 EP2791958 B2 EP 2791958B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
arc
auxiliary
compartment
extinction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP12798769.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2791958B1 (fr
EP2791958A1 (fr
Inventor
Franceso PISU
Francia GALINDO-LOZANO
Javier Mantilla
Mathias-Dominic Buergler
Nicola Gariboldi
Oliver Cossalter
Patrick Stoller
Stephan Grob
Sami Kotilainen
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Priority to EP12798769.1A priority Critical patent/EP2791958B2/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2012/075214 external-priority patent/WO2013087688A1/fr
Publication of EP2791958A1 publication Critical patent/EP2791958A1/fr
Publication of EP2791958B1 publication Critical patent/EP2791958B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2791958B2 publication Critical patent/EP2791958B2/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H01H2033/912—Liquified gases, e.g. liquified SF6
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/903—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc and assisting the operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/94—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/95—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of high-voltage technology, and more specifically to a circuit breaker according to claim 1, to a switchgear according to claim 27, and to a method for improved circuit breaker operation according to claim 28.
  • the arc formed during a breaking operation is normally extinguished using compressed gas.
  • the arc extinction or interruption performance is thereby mostly defined by the blow pressure and the physical properties of the medium, e.g. the dielectric strength, the heat capacity as a function of temperature, the electronegativity and the thermal conductivity.
  • compressed sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) is generally used.
  • the arc interruption performance is improved by increasing the blow pressure of the gas using the self-blast or puffer principle.
  • compressed-gas circuit breakers have intrinsic limitations that make it impossible to increase the performance without affecting product cost constraints.
  • circuit breakers employing a liquefied gas, in particular SF 6 , as the interruption medium have been proposed, e.g. in US-B-3,150,245 .
  • SF 6 liquefied gas
  • the design according to US-B-3,150,245 has inter alia the drawback that given the low critical temperature of SF 6 the respective storage vessel has to be designed for extremely high pressures.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker which has improved interruption capability and which at the same time allows for a simple and economic construction and operation. This objective is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. More specific embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.
  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker according to claim 1.
  • the arc-extinction medium is present in fully liquid form, when it is contained in the ejection device.
  • the arc-extinction medium and/or exhaust-cooling medium is present in the ejection device at least partially or fully in liquid form under operating conditions of the circuit breaker, in particular under operating temperatures and/or operating pressures of the circuit breaker.
  • operating conditions may depend, inter alia, on the type of circuit breaker and the currents and/or voltages to be interrupted.
  • Such operating conditions shall encompass at least intermediate times between circuit breaker operations and/or time intervals of active circuit breaker operations, such as contact-opening and/or contact-closing, for example as occurring in a typical O-C-O sequence according to the IEC or ANSI international standard.
  • operating temperatures shall be within a rated operating temperature range and operating pressures shall be within a rated operating pressure range of the circuit breaker.
  • a further reason for the high arc-extinction performance lies in the fact that part of the arc energy is absorbed for vaporisation of the extinction liquid leading to improved cooling of the arc. As well, when the liquid is used for exhaust gas cooling, it readily evaporates after ejection and thus very efficiently cools the exhaust gases.
  • the ejection orifice is preferably a valve which only opens when a predetermined threshold pressure is reached in the compartment.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a floating piston which is designed to transmit a compressing force onto the interior of the compartment during a breaker operation.
  • the floating piston is useful for smoothing out pressure peaks in the compression force.
  • pressure increase forcing the floating piston to move relatively to the compartment and thus transmitting the compressing force onto the compartment can be obtained by mechanical means and/or by a pressure rise in the heating volume or compression chamber or exhaust volume due to the heating by the arc.
  • Such compressing force can also be obtained by pressure present in a compression chamber or puffer volume, or in an exhaust volume of the circuit breaker.
  • the ejection device is connected to a moving part of the circuit breaker such that a movement of the moving part during a breaker operation is translated into a movement of the floating piston relative to the compartment for compressing the compartment.
  • the ejection device further comprises an auxiliary compartment which contains a compressible medium, in particular gas, the compartment and the auxiliary compartment being separated from each other by the floating piston.
  • the floating piston is freely floating between the compartment and the auxiliary compartment such that it is only driven by a differential pressure between the compartment and the auxiliary compartment.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a piston for compressing the interior of the auxiliary compartment, wherein a moving part of the circuit breaker causes a relative movement between the piston and the auxiliary compartment.
  • the auxiliary compartment can be connected to the moving part. Then the piston increases the pressure in the auxiliary compartment which in turn drives the floating piston and causes ejection of arc-extinction liquid and/or exhaust-cooling liquid from the compartment containing the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium into the injection zone of the circuit breaker.
  • the auxiliary compartment When the piston is moved relatively to the auxiliary compartment, the auxiliary compartment thus functions as a compressible force transmitter or gas cushion that allows smoothing out pressure peaks in the compression force to be transmitted to the floating piston, and consequently to the compartment containing the arc-extinction medium and/or exhaust-cooling. Ultimately, this allows controlling the dosing of the arc-extinction medium and/or exhaust-cooling as well as of the timeliness, duration and rate of its ejection in a very accurate manner.
  • the compartment containing the arc-extinction medium and/or exhaust-cooling and the auxiliary compartment functioning as a gas cushion can be arranged axially displaced from each other and/or can be arranged coaxially. Coaxial arrangement, also in combination with some axial displacement, is preferred as it allows a very simple and straightforward design of the ejection device.
  • the circuit breaker can comprise a housing comprising the compartment and the auxiliary compartment, said housing having a cylindrical shape.
  • the effect of smoothing out pressure peaks is particularly pronounced when the area of the piston for compressing the interior of the auxiliary compartment is smaller than an area of the floating piston, as it is the case in a further preferred embodiment.
  • increase of the pressure acting on the floating piston can also be achieved by the heating of the gas, and thus by the pressure increase, e.g. in the heating volume or compression chamber or exhaust volume, caused by the arcing heat.
  • the floating piston is therefore designed such that its compressing force is increased when an arc is present, in particular wherein the increase is at least partially caused by an increase of the pressure in the heating volume due to the heating by the arc.
  • the floating piston preferably comprises a primary floating piston facing the heating volume and a secondary floating piston facing the compartment, which contains the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium, said primary floating piston and said secondary floating piston being rigidly connected to each other.
  • the volume between the primary floating piston and secondary floating piston can be connected to a low pressure volume.
  • both concepts for increasing the compressing force of the floating piston i.e. the concept of using a moving part of the circuit breaker as well as the concept of using the pressure increase in e.g. the heating volume caused by the arcing heat, can be combined with each other.
  • a same or similar construction as described above with a floating piston, and in particular with an auxiliary compartment as compressible force transmitter, may be present to transmit an additional compressing force onto an additional compartment, which may be present for storing and ejecting an auxiliary compound (as disclosed hereinafter).
  • the arc-extinction liquid comprises an organofluorine compound having a boiling point T b at 1 bar higher than -60°C.
  • organofluorine compounds and in particular fluoroketones, are able to provide arc-extinguishing performance and/or high exhaust-gas-cooling performance required for a circuit breaker.
  • the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling medium can be stored and ultimately ejected in liquid form without requiring sophisticated cooling and pressurizing means.
  • This not only allows for a reduction in size of the whole design, but also leads to an increase in the interruption performance, since part of the arc energy is absorbed for vaporisation of the extinction medium which leads to improved circuit breaker operation, and in particular to improved cooling of the arc.
  • the liquid when used for exhaust cooling, it readily evaporates after ejection and thus very efficiently cools the exhaust gases.
  • a further reason for improved interruption performance lies in the increased blow pressure which is generated due to the vaporisation and potentially the further decomposition of the arc extinction liquid, in particular the organofluorine compound, using the arc energy. Since several of the by-products generated by the decomposition of the organofluorine compound, and in particular the fluoroketone, are electronegative, they have good arc quenching capabilities, which further contribute to the excellent interruption performance achieved according to the present invention.
  • the expression "that the arc-extinction medium comprises an organofluorine compound” is to be interpreted such that it encompasses embodiments in which a single organofluorine compound is comprised as well as embodiments in which a mixture of different organofluorine compounds is comprised.
  • the arc-extinction liquid and/or exhaust-cooling liquid has a boiling point T b at 1 bar higher than -40°C, preferred higher than -20°C, more preferred higher than -10°, even more preferred higher than +5°C, most preferred higher than +20°C.
  • the boiling point can also be higher than +40°C, preferred higher than +65°C, most preferred higher than +90°C. This allows storage of the medium in liquid form by means of very simple cooling and/or pressurisation means or without such means at all.
  • organofluorine compound as used in the context of the present invention is to be understood broadly and means a compound containing at least one carbon atom and at least one fluorine atom. It is understood that these compounds can optionally comprise further atoms, in particular at least one atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and iodine, in addition to carbon and fluorine.
  • the present invention encompasses both embodiments where the arc-extinction liquid is at least essentially consisting of the organofluorine compound as well as embodiments comprising further components.
  • the arc-extinction and/or exhaust-cooling liquid comprises as organofluorine compound preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a fluorocarbon, in particular C 2 F 6 and C 3 F 8 ; a hydrofluorocarbon; a fluoroether; a fluoroamine; a fluoroketone; and mixtures thereof.
  • organofluorine compound preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: a fluorocarbon, in particular C 2 F 6 and C 3 F 8 ; a hydrofluorocarbon; a fluoroether; a fluoroamine; a fluoroketone; and mixtures thereof.
  • fluoroether refers to at least partially fluorinated compounds.
  • fluoroether encompasses both hydrofluoroethers and perfluoroethers
  • fluoroamine encompasses both hydrofluoroamines and perfluoroamines
  • fluoroketone encompasses both hydrofluoroketones and perfluoroketones.
  • the fluorocarbon, the fluoroether, the fluoroamine and the fluoroketone are fully fluorinated, i.e. perfluorinated. They are thus devoid of any hydrogen which - in particular in view of the potential by-products, such as hydrogen fluoride, generated by decomposition - is generally considered unwanted in circuit breakers.
  • the arc-extinction liquid comprises as organofluorine compound a fluoroketone or a mixture of fluoroketones, in particular a fluoromonoketone.
  • Fluoroketones have recently been found to have excellent dielectric insulation properties. They have now been found to have also excellent interruption properties.
  • fluoroketone as used in the context of the present invention shall be interpreted broadly and shall encompass both perfluoroketones and hydrofluoroketones. The term shall also encompass both saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketones can be linear or branched and can optionally form a ring.
  • fluoroketone shall encompass compounds that may comprise in-chain heteroatoms. In exemplary embodiments, the fluoroketone shall have no in-chain hetero atom.
  • fluoroketone shall also encompass fluorodiketones having two carbonyl groups or fluoroketones having more than two carbonyl groups. In exemplary embodiments, the fluoroketone shall be a fluoromonoketone.
  • the fluoroketone is a perfluoroketone. It is preferred that the fluoroketone has a branched alkyl chain. It is also preferred that the fluoroketone is fully saturated.
  • the fluoroketone contains from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 9, more preferably exactly 5, exactly 6 or exactly 7 or exactly 8 carbon atoms.
  • the respective fluoroketones have a relative high boiling point and thus allow storage of the medium in liquid form by means of very simple cooling and/or pressurisation means or no such means at all.
  • the fluoroketone has exactly 5 carbon atoms and is selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom:
  • fluoroketones containing 5 carbon atoms have the advantage of a relatively high boiling point, allowing to maintain it in liquid form by means of very simple cooling and/or pressurisation means or no such means at all. Fluoroketones containing exactly 5 carbon atoms have the further advantage that they are generally non-toxic.
  • the fluoroketone has the molecular formula C 5 F 10 O, i.e. is fully saturated without any double or triple bond.
  • the fluoroketone may more preferably be selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one (also named decafluoro-3-methylbutan-2-one), 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentan-2-one, 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentan-3-one, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5,-octafluoro-3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-pentan-2-one; and most preferably is 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one.
  • 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one can be represented by the following structural formula (I) :
  • the fluoroketone has exactly 6 carbon atoms and is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom: and
  • the fluoroketone has exactly 7 carbon atoms and is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom: and named dodecafluoro-cycloheptanone.
  • the present invention encompasses each compound or combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds according to structural formulae Ia to Id, IIa to IIg, IIIa to IIIn.
  • a fluoroketone containing exactly 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferred for the purpose of the present invention due to its relatively high boiling point. Also, fluoroketones having exactly 6 carbon atoms are non-toxic with outstanding margins for human safety.
  • the fluoroketone has the molecular formula C 6 F 12 O. More preferably, the fluoroketone is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-3-one (also named dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one), 1,1,1,3,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-4-methylpentan-2-one), 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-3-methylpentan-2-one), 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-bis-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-3,3-(dimethyl)butan-2-one), dodecafluorohexan-2-one
  • C6-ketone fluoroketone comprising exactly 6 carbon atoms
  • C 6 F 5 C(O)CF(CF 3 ) 2 or sum formula C 6 F 12 O
  • 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentan-3-one has further been found to have high insulating properties and an extremely low GWP. It has an ozone depletion potential of 0 and is non-toxic (LC50 of about 100'000 ppm). Thus, the environmental impact is much lower than with conventional insulation gases, and at the same time outstanding margins for human safety are achieved.
  • the present invention encompasses embodiments of the circuit breaker comprising an improved ejection device which allows for an accurate control of the dosing of the medium as well as of the timeliness, duration and rate of its ejection.
  • the ejection device is preferably designed such that the arc-extinction medium and/or exhaust-cooling medium is ejected at a rate in a range from 0 ml/ms, in particular 0.1 ml/ms, to 15 ml/ms, preferably from 1 ml/ms to 10 ml/ms, more preferably from 3 ml/ms to 6 ml/ms.
  • the ejection device is designed such that the arc-extinction medium and/or exhaust-cooling medium is ejected during an ejection time shorter than 25 ms (milliseconds), preferably during an ejection time in a range from 5 ms to 15 ms, more preferably during an ejection time of about 10 ms.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a dielectric insulation medium comprising an organofluorine compound which is at least partially in gaseous state at operational conditions.
  • the dielectric insulation medium is comprised outside the ejection device.
  • the term dielectric insulation medium here also encompasses arc-extinction capability of the medium.
  • the organofluorine compound comprised in the dielectric insulation medium corresponds to the organofluorine compound comprised in the arc-extinction liquid and/or exhaust-cooling liquid and more particularly stems therefrom.
  • the expression "comprising an organofluorine compound” is to be interpreted such that it encompasses embodiments in which a single organofluorine compound is comprised as well as embodiments in which a mixture of different organofluorine compounds is comprised.
  • At least one background gas is present in the circuit breaker selected from the group consisting of: CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , SF 6 , CF 4 , a noble gas, in particular Ar, and mixtures thereof.
  • a background gas in particular a background gas as defined above
  • the insulation performance of the background gas can be improved due to the high dielectric strength of the gaseous fluoroketone obtained by vaporization of the arc-extinction liquid using the arc energy and/or due to the high dielectric strength of its decomposition products.
  • the arc-extinction liquid and specifically the fluoroketone liquid is used for exhaust cooling, it readily evaporates after ejection, possibly decomposes and thus very efficiently cools the exhaust gases.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an exemplary circuit breaker 1 having a central axis 1a, an enclosure 1b, nominal contacts 2, arcing contacts 30, 31, in particular a plug 30 and tulip 31 which provide in opened state between them an arcing zone 32 (see Fig. 2, 3 ), and an insulating material nozzle 4.
  • the circuit breaker 1 has further a puffer volume or compression chamber 6 and optionally, if it is a self-blast circuit breaker 1, a heating volume or heating chamber 5. It also has an exhaust tube 70 which leads exhaust gases into an exhaust volume 71.
  • the exhaust volume 71 can also be present on the side of the arcing pin or plug 30.
  • Fig. 1 also indicates that the circuit breaker 1 has a novel ejection device outside 8 or inside 9 the circuit breaker enclosure 1b.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of an outside ejection device 8 with a compression mechanism 14 comprising a compartment 14a for arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, in particular arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b.
  • the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b contained in compartment 14a comprises or is for example an organofluorine compound having a boiling point T b at 1 bar higher than -60°C.
  • the ejection device further comprises an auxiliary compartment 14b separated from and mechanically connected to the compartment 14a by a floating piston 15, and a mechanically driven piston 11 of the auxiliary compartment 14b.
  • the compression mechanism 14 according to Fig. 2 is arranged outside the circuit breaker enclosure 1b.
  • the compartment 14a serves for receiving, storing and ejecting the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b under pressure.
  • the piston 11 can e.g. be fixedly supported on a wall 13 while the compression mechanism 14, in particular the auxiliary compartment 14b, is moveable, typically along the operating axis 1a of the circuit breaker.
  • the ejection device 8 in particular the compression mechanism 14, is mechanically connected to a moving part 16 of the circuit breaker 1.
  • a movement of the moving part 16 is translated into a relative movement between the auxiliary compartment 14b and the piston 11 for compressing the auxiliary compartment 14b such that a volume of the auxiliary compartment 14b is reduced.
  • the pressure inside the auxiliary compartment 14b increases. This increased pressure is applied via the floating piston 15 onto the liquid ejection compartment 14a so that there the pressure rises, as well.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of an inside ejection device 9 with a compression mechanism 14 comprising a compartment 14a for the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, in particular the arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b, an auxiliary compartment 14b separated from and mechanically connected to the compartment 14a by a floating piston 15, and a mechanically driven piston 11 of the auxiliary compartment 14b.
  • the ejection device 9 and in particular the compression mechanism 14 is now arranged inside the circuit breaker enclosure 1b.
  • the functions of the elements, in particular the moveable mechanism 14, the preferably fixed piston 11, the liquid compartment 14a and the auxiliary compartment 14b are as described above for Fig. 1 .
  • the pressure in the compartment 14a filled with the incompressible arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, typically a liquid 18; 18a, 18b, is increased by the compressive force exerted onto the interior of the compartment 14a via the externally driven piston 11.
  • the arc-extinction medium is ejected through the ejection orifice 17 out of the compartment 14a into an injection zone 5, 6, 71.
  • the injection zone can be any zone of the circuit breaker 1 in which the pressure is lower than in an arcing zone 32 when an arc is present.
  • the injection zone 5, 6, 71 can be a heating volume 5, a puffer volume 6 or an exhaust volume 71.
  • the auxiliary compartment 14b is filled with a compressible medium, in particular a gas, and serves for transmitting a compression force to the compartment 14a and thereby to pressurize and eventually eject arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b into an injection zone 5, 6, 71 of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the auxiliary compartment 14b as disclosed herein functions as a compressible force transmitter or gas cushion that allows to smoothen out pressure peaks in the compression force to be transmitted to the liquid compartment 14a.
  • the timeliness, amount and dosing of the arc-extinction medium or liquid 18; 18a, 18b is improved considerably over previously known ejection devices.
  • Fig. 4a, 4b, 4c show three operating states of the circuit breaker 1 and of the ejection devices 8, 9 here shown for the outside ejection device 8.
  • the pressure in the auxiliary compartment 14b is increased by the advancing decrease of the volume of the auxiliary compartment 14b due to the breaker movement of circuit breaker 1 and is smoothly transmitted to the liquid compartment 14a.
  • arc-extinction fluid 18; 18a, 18b is ejected and is injected into any or several of the aforementioned injection zones 5, 6, 71, in the shown embodiment, particularly into the heating volume 5.
  • the arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b vaporizes and then improves the extinguishing performance of the breaker with highest efficiency.
  • Fig. 5 shows another variant of an outside ejection device 80 of a circuit breaker 1 having an axis 1a, an enclosure 1b, arcing contacts, in particular a plug (not shown) and a tulip 31, which provide in opened state between them an arcing zone 32.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 comprises an insulating material nozzle 4a and an exhaust tube 70 which leads exhaust gases into an exhaust volume 71.
  • the exhaust volume 71 may also exist on the side of the plug 30, and the exhaust gas may be guided into the exhaust volume 71 by passing through the main nozzle 4 or through a hollow plug 30.
  • floating piston 21, which is acting on and is compressing compartment 140a containing the arc-extinction medium, is driven by gas pressure present in the circuit breaker 1 during a breaker operation, and in particular is driven by gas pressure present in the heating volume 5 of a self-blast circuit breaker 1.
  • ejection device 80 is connected to the heating volume 5 via a pressure opening 50.
  • valve 17 opens such that arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b, in particular arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b, is ejected out of liquid compartment 140a and is injected into the heating volume 5.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further variant similar to the one shown in Fig. 5 but with an inside ejection device 90 which operates as described above.
  • the floating piston 21 is guided in a piston guidance 140b and comprises a primary floating piston 19 which transmits compressing force from the heating chamber 5 onto a secondary floating piston 20, said secondary floating piston 20 transmitting compressing force to the compartment 14a containing the arc-extinction medium 18, ; 18a, 18b in particular the arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b.
  • the primary floating piston 19 is rigidly connected to the secondary floating piston 20. Given the design of the primary floating piston having a larger area than the secondary floating piston 20 a high injection pressure can also be achieved even if the movement of the primary floating piston is relatively small.
  • the blow pressure in the heating volume 5 is further increased by evaporation of the arc-extinction liquid 18; 18a, 18b upon release into the heating volume 5.
  • the pressure in the heating volume 5 is increased due to the heating of the gas by the burning arc. Since the ejection device 80 is connected to the heating volume 5 via the pressure opening 50, the floating piston moves from a remote position in relation to the compartment 140a, thereby compressing the interior of the compartment 140a. Continuously, or upon traversing a pressure limit if the ejection orifice is or has a valve 17, arc-extinction fluid 18 is ejected and is injected into any or several of the aforementioned injection zones 5, 6, 71, in the shown embodiment, particularly into the heating volume 5, as shown in Fig. 1-6 . After release out of the liquid compartment 140a, the arc-extinction medium 18 vaporizes and then improves the extinguishing performance of the circuit breaker 1 with highest efficiency.
  • the circuit breaker 1 can be, e.g., a high voltage circuit breaker, a generator circuit breaker, a medium voltage circuit breaker, or any other electrical switch which requires active arc extinction, as e.g. a load break switch.
  • an ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 - as disclosed in Fig. 1-6 and in the description thereof for an arc-extinction medium 18; 18a, 18b which serves for improving extinction of an arc burning temporarily in the arcing zone 32 of the circuit breaker 1 - can also be used when being arranged close to or inside of or outside of the exhaust volume 71 of the circuit breaker, as indicated in Fig. 1 , and when containing an exhaust-cooling medium 18; 18a, 18b.
  • the arc-extinction medium 18 may also serve as the exhaust-cooling medium 18; 18a, 18b and vice versa, and both media 18; 18a, 18b can be or can comprise the same compound or compounds and, in particular, can be identical.
  • exhaust volume is any volume of the circuit breaker that is connected downstream of the arcing zone and is for outflowing exhaust gases.
  • Embodiments relate to a circuit breaker 1, in particular a circuit breaker 1 as disclosed above, with the circuit breaker 1 comprising an ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 comprising an arc-extinction medium 18; 18b for improving extinction of an arc formed during a breaker operation, wherein the arc-extinction medium 18; 18b contained in the ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 comprises an auxiliary injection compound 18b selected from the group consisting of: O 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , CF 4 , a noble gas, in particular argon, and mixtures thereof. This allows to create a locally increased concentration of the auxiliary injection compound 18b in the arcing zone 32 and to enhance the thermal and/or dielectric interruption capability of the circuit breaker.
  • the arc extinction medium 18 contained in the ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 is or comprises oxygen 18b. This may serve for boosting an arc-blowing pressure in the arcing zone 32.
  • the auxiliary injection compound 18b and in particular oxygen 18b as an example can namely trigger additional effects between the components of the gas mixture in the arcing zone 32 which leads to an increased pressure build-up and enhances the extinction capability of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the ejection device 8, 9; 80, 90 can comprise an additional compartment 14c in which the arc-extinction medium 18; 18b is contained and which has an ejection orifice 17 through which the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, is to be ejected.
  • the additonal compartment 14c may also be pressurized indirectly via an or the above mentioned auxiliary compartment (not shown in Fig. 7a-7c ), in particular for smoothening out pressure peaks in the compression force to be transmitted to a or the above mentioned floating piston and for acurately controlling the dosing of the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, and the timeliness, duration and rate of its ejection.
  • Fig. 7a shows an embodiment, in which the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, is to be injected directly into an arcing zone 32 of the circuit breaker 1 via an auxiliary injection channel 24.
  • the auxiliary injection channel 24 can be arranged in close proximity to the arcing zone 32 such that temperatures of the auxiliary compound 18b above 2000 K are achievable when the auxiliary compound 18b is injected into the auxiliary injection channel 24 during a contact-opening operation of the circuit breaker 1.
  • Fig. 7b and 7c show embodiments, in which the auxiliary injection compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, is to be injected indirectly via a or the heating volume 5 and/or compression volume 6 and/or via an auxiliary volume 22.
  • the auxilary volume 22 can be arranged in close proximity to the arcing zone 32 such that temperatures of the auxiliary compound 18b above 2000 K are achievable when the auxiliary compound 18b is injected into the auxiliary volume 22 during a contact-opening operation of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the auxiliary volume 22 for temporarily receiving and transmitting the auxiliary injection compound 18b has the following advantages: When there is high current arcing, as may occur during severe short-circuits (such as T60 and higher) in a circuit breaker 1, for example a self-blast and/or puffer circuit breaker 1, the arcing zone 32 may mainly be filled with ablated PTFE (C 2 F 4 , Teflon) that displaces the gas mixture with which the circuit breaker 1 is filled. In this case, direct injecting of oxygen is likely to be less efficient and not to the full extent to create the additional effect that result in increased pressure build-up. Therefore, indirect injection into the heating volume 5 and/or compression volume 6 and/or auxiliary volume 22 is done.
  • ablated PTFE C 2 F 4 , Teflon
  • auxiliary volume 22 is fluidly connected via an auxiliary intermediate channel (not explicitly shown in Fig. 7c ), an auxiliary opening 23 or an auxiliary valve 23 to a or the heating volume 5 and/or compression chamber 6 for transmitting the auxiliary compound 18b to the arcing zone 32.
  • timing means for timed injection of the auxiliary compound 18b, in particular oxygen 18b, into the arcing zone 32 can be present such that a or the boosting of the arc-blowing pressure occurs close to current-zero, in particular in a time window of less than 15 ms, preferably less than 10 ms, more preferably less than 5 ms, and most preferred less than 3 ms, around the time instant when current-zero occurs.
  • Such timed injection allows to create the boost in pressure in close time-relationship to current-zero when the high pressure is most beneficial.
  • the timing means may for example comprise an timing control for operating an ejection orifice valve 17 and/or an auxiliary valve 23 for the auxiliary volume 22.
  • valve timing control may comprise valves 17, 23 that are actively operated, for example based on information about operational timing or operational conditions of the circuit breaker, or that are passively operated, for example by the pressures and/or temperatures present under operating conditions in the circuit breaker.
  • the timing means may for example also comprise other passive timing control, such as a time-delaying injection channel 17a, and/or a time-delaying auxiliary intermediate channel between auxiliary volume 22 and heating volume 5 or compression chamber 6, and/or a time-delaying auxiliary injection channel (to be present at position 23 in Fig. 7c ).

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Claims (28)

  1. Disjoncteur (1) comprenant au moins un dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90), ledit dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90) comprenant un compartiment (14a, 14c), dans lequel sont contenus un milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) destiné à améliorer l'extinction d'un arc formé pendant une opération de sectionnement, et ayant au moins un orifice d'éjection (17) par lequel le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) doit être éjecté, dans lequel l'orifice d'éjection (17) s'ouvre dans une zone d'injection (5, 6, 71) du disjoncteur (1) dans laquelle la pression est inférieure à celle dans une zone de formation d'arc (32) quand un arc brûle temporairement dans la zone de formation d'arc (32) du disjoncteur (1),
    Le disjoncteur comprenant en outre un piston flottant (15 ; 21) qui est conçu pour transmettre une force de compression sur l'intérieur du compartiment (14a, 14c) pendant une opération de sectionnement,
    charactérisé en ce que la zone d'injection (5, 6, 71) est un volume de chauffage (5) du disjoncteur (1) et l'orifice d'éjection (17) s'ouvre dans le volume de chauffage (5) pour améliorer l'extinction d'un arc formé pendant une opération de sectionnement, et/ou la zone d'injection (5, 6, 71) est une chambre de compression (6) du disjoncteur (1) et l'orifice d'éjection (17) s'ouvre dans la chambre de compression (6) pour améliorer l'extinction d'un arc formé pendant une opération sectionnement,
    le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) étant présent sous une forme totalement liquide, quand il est contenu dans le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90), aux températures de fonctionnement et aux pressions de fonctionnement du disjoncteur (1), et
    le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9) étant relié à une partie mobile (16) du disjoncteur (1) de telle sorte qu'un déplacement de la partie mobile (16) pendant une opération de sectionnement est transformé en un déplacement du piston flottant (15) par rapport au compartiment (14a) pour comprimer le compartiment (14a).
  2. Disjoncteur (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le compartiment (14a, 14c) du ou de chaque dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90) a l'orifice d'éjection (17) par lequel le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) doit être éjecté.
  3. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'orifice d'éjection est une soupape (17) qui s'ouvre uniquement quand une pression seuil prédéterminée est atteinte dans le compartiment (14a, 14c).
  4. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le piston flottant (15 ; 21) étant utile pour lisser les pics de pression dans la force de compression.
  5. Disjoncteur (1) selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9) comprend en outre un compartiment auxiliaire (14b) qui contient un milieu compressible, en particulier un gaz, le compartiment (14a) et le compartiment auxiliaire (14b) étant séparés l'un de l'autre par le piston flottant (15).
  6. Disjoncteur (1) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le piston flottant (15 ; 21) flotte librement entre le compartiment (14a, 14c) et le compartiment auxiliaire (14b) de telle sorte qu'il est uniquement entraîné par une pression différentielle entre le compartiment (14a, 14c) et le compartiment auxiliaire (14b) ; et/ou dans lequel, quand le piston flottant (15 ; 21) est déplacé par rapport au compartiment auxiliaire (14b), le compartiment auxiliaire (14b) fonctionne comme un transmetteur de force de compression, ce qui permet de contrôler un dosage du milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) et la ponctualité, la durée et le débit de leur éjection.
  7. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 et 6, comprenant en outre un piston (11) destiné à comprimer l'intérieur du compartiment auxiliaire (14b), une partie mobile (16) du disjoncteur (1) provoquant un déplacement relatif entre le piston (11) et le compartiment auxiliaire (14b), le compartiment auxiliaire (14b) étant en particulier relié à la partie mobile (16).
  8. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel le compartiment (14a) et le compartiment auxiliaire (14b) sont disposés axialement décalés l'un de l'autre et/ou sont disposés coaxialement, le disjoncteur (1) comprenant de préférence un boîtier comprenant le compartiment (14a) et le compartiment auxiliaire (14b), ledit boîtier ayant une forme cylindrique.
  9. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel la surface du piston (11) servant à comprimer l'intérieur du compartiment auxiliaire (14b) est inférieure à la surface du piston flottant (15) ; et/ou dans lequel le piston flottant (21) est conçu de telle sorte que sa force de compression est accrue quand un arc est présent, l'accroissement étant en particulier au moins partiellement provoqué par une augmentation de la pression dans un ou le volume de chauffage (5) ou chambre de compression (6) ou volume d'échappement (71) en raison du chauffage par l'arc.
  10. Disjoncteur (1) selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le piston flottant (21) comprend un piston flottant primaire (19) faisant face au volume de chauffage (5) ou à la chambre de compression (6) ou au volume d'échappement (71) et un piston flottant secondaire (20) faisant face au compartiment (14a), lesdits pistons flottants primaire et secondaire (14b) étant reliés de façon rigide l'un à l'autre ; le piston flottant primaire (19) ayant en particulier une surface plus grande que le piston flottant secondaire (20).
  11. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18) comprend un composé organofluoré ayant un point d'ébullition Tb à 1 bar supérieur à -60 °C.
  12. Disjoncteur (1) selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le composé organofluoré a un point d'ébullition Tb à 1 bar supérieur à -40 °C, de préférence supérieur à -20 °C, mieux supérieur à -10 °C, mieux encore supérieur à +5 °C, encore mieux supérieur à +20 °C, mieux supérieur à +40 °C, mieux encore supérieur à +65 °C, idéalement supérieur à +90 °C.
  13. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 et 12, dans lequel le composé organofluoré comprend en plus au moins un atome choisi dans le groupe constitué par l'oxygène, l'hydrogène, l'azote, et l'iode.
  14. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, dans lequel le liquide d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) comprend au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué par : un fluorocarbure, en particulier C2F6 et C3F8; un hydrofluorocarbure ; un fluoroéther ; une fluoroamine ; une fluorocétone ; et les mélanges de ceux-ci ; le fluorocarbure, le fluoroéther, la fluoroamine et la fluorocétone étant en particulier totalement fluorés.
  15. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, dans lequel le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a) comprend une fluorocétone (18a) ou un mélange de fluorocétones (18a), en particulier une fluoromonocétone (18a).
  16. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15, dans lequel la fluorocétone (18a), en particulier la fluoromonocétone (18a) contient de 5 à 15 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 5 à 9, mieux encore exactement 5 ou exactement 6 ou exactement 7 ou exactement 8 atomes de carbone.
  17. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90) est conçu de telle sorte que le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) est éjecté à un débit dans une gamme de 0 ml/ms, en particulier 0,1 ml/ms, à 15 ml/ms, de préférence de 1 ml/ms à 10 ml/ms, mieux encore de 3 ml/ms à 6 ml/ms.
  18. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90) est conçu de telle sorte que le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) est éjecté pendant un temps d'éjection plus court que 25 ms, de préférence pendant un temps d'éjection dans une gamme de 5 ms à 15 ms, mieux encore pendant un temps d'éjection d'environ 10 ms.
  19. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le disjoncteur (1) comprenant en outre, à l'extérieur du dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90), un milieu d'isolation diélectrique comprenant un composé organofluoré, en particulier un composé organofluoré choisi dans le groupe constitué par : un fluoroéther ; une fluoroamine ; une fluorocétone ; et les mélanges de ceux-ci, le composé organofluoré étant au moins partiellement à l'état gazeux dans les conditions de fonctionnement du disjoncteur (1).
  20. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un gaz de fond est présent, lequel est choisi dans le groupe constitué par : CO2, N2, O2, SF6, CF4, un gaz rare, en particulier l'argon, et les mélanges de ceux-ci.
  21. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le disjoncteur (1) étant un disjoncteur haute tension (1), un disjoncteur moyenne tension, un disjoncteur de générateur, ou un interrupteur à coupure en charge.
  22. Disjoncteur (1), en particulier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le disjoncteur (1) comprenant un ou le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90) comprenant un milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) destiné à améliorer l'extinction d'un arc formé pendant une opération de sectionnement, le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b), lorsqu'il est contenu dans le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90), comprenant un composé d'injection auxiliaire (18b) choisi dans le groupe constitué par : O2, CO2, N2, CF4, un gaz rare, en particulier l'argon, et les mélanges de ceux-ci, et dans lequel le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90) comprend un compartiment supplémentaire (14c) dans lequel est contenu le composé d'injection auxiliaire (18b) et qui a un orifice d'éjection (17) par lequel le composé d'injection auxiliaire (18b) doit être éjecté.
  23. Disjoncteur (1) selon la revendication 22, dans lequel le composé d'injection auxiliaire (18b) est ou comprend de l'oxygène (18b) pour augmenter une pression de soufflage d'arc dans la zone de formation d'arc (32).
  24. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 23, dans lequel le composé d'injection auxiliaire (18b) doit être injecté indirectement dans la zone de formation d'arc (32) par le biais d'un ou du volume de chauffage (5) et/ou volume de compression (6) et/ou par le biais d'un volume auxiliaire (22), le volume auxiliaire (22) étant en particulier disposé à proximité étroite de la zone de formation d'arc (32) de telle sorte que des températures du composé auxiliaire (18b) supérieures à 2000 K peuvent être atteintes quand le composé auxiliaire (18b) est injecté dans le volume auxiliaire (22) pendant une opération d'ouverture de contact du disjoncteur (1) ; le volume auxiliaire (22) étant de préférence relié de façon fluidique par le biais d'un canal intermédiaire auxiliaire, d'une ouverture auxiliaire (23) ou d'une soupape auxiliaire (23) à un ou au volume de chauffage (5) et/ou chambre de compression (6) pour transmettre le composé auxiliaire (18b) à la zone de formation d'arc (32).
  25. Disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 24, dans lequel des moyens de minutage pour une injection minutée du composé auxiliaire (18b) dans la zone de formation d'arc (32) sont présents de telle sorte qu'une ou l'augmentation de la pression de soufflage d'arc se produit près du courant nul, en particulier dans une fenêtre temporelle inférieure à 15 ms, de préférence inférieure à 10 ms, mieux encore inférieure à 5 ms, et idéalement inférieure à 3 ms, autour d'un instant où un courant nul apparaît.
  26. Appareillage de commutation isolé au gaz, comprenant un disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  27. Procédé de fonctionnement de disjoncteur amélioré dans un disjoncteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25, dans lequel le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) est injecté dans une zone d'injection (5, 6, 71) du disjoncteur (1) dans laquelle la pression est inférieure à celle dans une zone de formation d'arc (32) quand un arc est présent, et dans lequel le milieu d'extinction d'arc (18 ; 18a, 18b) est présent sous une forme totalement liquide, quand ils sont contenus dans le dispositif d'éjection (8, 9 ; 80, 90), aux températures de fonctionnement et aux pressions de fonctionnement du disjoncteur (1).
  28. Procédé selon la revendication 27, dans lequel une fluorocétone (18 ; 18a) ou un mélange de fluorocétones (18 ; 18a) est injecté(e) pour améliorer l'extinction d'un arc formé dans le disjoncteur (1).
EP12798769.1A 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Disjoncteur doté d'une injection de fluide Active EP2791958B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12798769.1A EP2791958B2 (fr) 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Disjoncteur doté d'une injection de fluide

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EPPCT/EP2011/072553 2011-12-13
EPPCT/EP2011/072552 2011-12-13
PCT/EP2012/075214 WO2013087688A1 (fr) 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Disjoncteur doté d'une injection de fluide
EP12798769.1A EP2791958B2 (fr) 2011-12-13 2012-12-12 Disjoncteur doté d'une injection de fluide

Publications (3)

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EP2791958A1 EP2791958A1 (fr) 2014-10-22
EP2791958B1 EP2791958B1 (fr) 2016-06-15
EP2791958B2 true EP2791958B2 (fr) 2019-07-17

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WO2000007202A2 (fr) † 1998-07-28 2000-02-10 Abb Adda Spa Disjoncteur moyenne et/ou haute tension
DE10227414B3 (de) † 2002-06-14 2004-01-15 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter mit einem Aufnahmeraum für aufgeheiztes Löschgas
US20080290069A1 (en) † 2005-11-03 2008-11-27 Areva T&D Sa Interrupting Chamber Having Two Compression Chambers
US20080203061A1 (en) † 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Gas-circuit breaker
WO2010142346A1 (fr) † 2009-06-12 2010-12-16 Abb Technology Ag Milieu d'isolation diélectrique
DE202009018213U1 (de) † 2009-06-12 2011-06-09 Abb Technology Ag Dielektrisches Isolationsmedium
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WO2011090992A1 (fr) † 2010-01-25 2011-07-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Perfluorocétones utilisées en qualité de diélectriques gazeux
WO2012080246A1 (fr) † 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Abb Technology Ag Milieu isolant diélectrique

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EP2791958A1 (fr) 2014-10-22

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