Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
  • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
  • F16L59/029—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
  • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
  • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
  • E04C2002/345—Corrugated sheets with triangular corrugations
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
  • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
  • E04C2002/3472—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets with multiple layers of profiled spacer sheets

Definitions

• the invention relates to a thin thermal insulation device with high performance.
• the invention is applicable in many fields where a high-performance thermal insulation must be obtained in compliance with constraints of bulk and severe mass, especially for the production of cold rooms or liquefied gas tanks on all types of vehicles, for thermal insulation of boilers, aircraft fuselages or hulls of ships.
• the invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, suitable for the insulation of large surfaces of flat or complex planar walls or floors, and as such concerns insulation panels able to maintain their insulation capacity when they are subjected to mechanical stresses in the form of point or distributed loads whose component is oriented in a direction, called transverse, normal to the insulated surface by the panel object of the invention.
• the performance in terms of thermal insulation of an insulating panel, is measured by its thermal resistance, especially in transverse conduction, that is to say according to the thickness of the panel.
• This thermal resistance Rc is expressed in m 2 .KW 1 .
• a so-called high-performance panel has a thermal resistance Rc of at least 3 m 2 .KW -1 .
• a thermal resistance Rc of 3 m 2 .KW 1 is obtained for thicknesses of approximately 70 mm of expanded polyurethane or 140 mm of rockwool.
• high performance insulation panels are obtained by providing a sealed chamber defined by two substantially parallel panels, assembled on their periphery by a sealed weld and held apart from one another on the rest of their surface by a rigid spacer.
• This chamber is drawn vacuum to create a secondary vacuum so that the average path of a molecule between two collisions with another molecule is equal to or greater than the distance between the two panels delimiting the chamber.
• a vacuum of the order of 10 -5 Torr it is possible to obtain a high-performance insulating panel with a thickness of the order of a millimeter.
• the spacer prevents the two panels from collapsing.
• peripheral weld necessary to meet sealing constraints under such high vacuum levels, produces a thermal conduction short circuit between the panels and induces bending moments in said panels when they are subjected to differential pressure, bending moments that can lead to warpage of the assembly.
• the outer panels are therefore chosen both hard and rigid to limit this warping and resist punching, and preferably in weldable materials.
• the two panels defining the sealed chamber are made of stainless steel plates 0.3 mm thick and represent nearly a quarter of the total thickness.
• this thickness adds mass and does not participate in thermal insulation.
• an elastic spacer is used for example in the form of a corrugated sheet (103).
• This spacer spaces the two outer panels (101, 102). 1B, in response to a normal pressure applied to the panels (101, 102), the resilience of the spacer (103) in the transverse direction (1 10) results in an increase of the contact surface (1 13 ) between the spacer (103) and the panels (101, 102), and a reduction of the length of the thermal conduction path by this spacer, said solid conduction, between the two panels, effects which are unfavorable for the performance of thermal insulation of the whole.
• the invention aims to create a thin insulating complex comprising two panels separated by a small transverse distance, able to withstand transverse mechanical loading, while controlling the heat transmission by conduction and radiation between said panels.
• said separator means comprising:
• the length of the solid thermal conduction path between the two panels is greater than 2h e + e c
• the device that is the subject of the invention advantageously uses the flexibility of the elastic connection means between the two panels, active by their spring effect, for selecting such thin means and obtaining reduced transverse spacing of the panels but without thermal short circuit therebetween, and with an elongated solid conduction path.
• the service charge can be constituted by a differential pressure between the external pressure and the pressure between the panels of the device object of the invention, by a distributed or localized mechanical loading applied to said device or by the weight of the panels themselves. By loading of service, it is understood a transverse mechanical loading under nominal conditions of use of the device object of the invention, taking into account the intended application.
• this loading of service can originate during the manufacture of the insulating device object of the invention, for example when the space between the panels is pressurized or drawn to a vacuum, or can appear during the use of the device object of the invention, for example, when said device is used for the isolation of a pressurized chamber.
• the service load does not include exceptional loading levels or loading situations that are substantially different from the conditions of use referred to for the device that is the subject of the invention.
• the elastic connection operates, without increasing the contact surface between the panels and the spacers, or the solid conduction path between the panels, the spacers being rigid enough not to sag or expand under the effect of the stresses related to the loading of service.
• the device object of the invention takes advantage of the flexibility of the separator elements to increase the spacers implantation pitch and increase the conduction distance solid.
• the spacers and the connecting means are made of different materials.
• the materials can be chosen to combine an optimal elasticity and thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to control the effects of solid thermal conduction between the two panels in synergy with the elastic characteristics of the separating means.
• the spacers are arranged so that a spacer of the first plurality alternates with a spacer of the second plurality in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, and the means of connection comprise an elastic plate biased in bending by these spacers.
• This mode is simple and the alternate arrangement of the spacers of the two pluralities increases the solid thermal conduction path between the two panels, thus constituting a thermal labyrinth.
• the dimensioning of said device verifies the relation p / e> 10. This condition makes it possible to keep the path and the solid conduction section between the two panels in proportions adapted to obtain the targeted thermal performance.
• the equivalent elastic tensile modulus E of the elastic plate according to this last embodiment is such that E 0.5 / k> 100, ⁇ being the equivalent longitudinal thermal conductivity of the elastic plate, E being expressed in MPa and ⁇ being expressed in Wm -1 .K -1 .
• the equivalent elastic tensile modulus is the elastic tensile modulus that should present a homogeneous elastic plate of the same dimensions as the elastic plate of the device object of the invention so that the bending stiffness of said homogeneous plate is the same as that of the elastic plate of the device object of the invention.
• the equivalent longitudinal thermal conductivity is the thermal conductivity of the elastic plate between two successive spacers belonging to the two plurality of spacers.
• this selection of property allows to obtain a compromise between heat transfer by solid conduction and the preservation of a small distance between the two panels of the device object of the invention, so that it is not necessary to draw vacuum l space between the panels for high thermal insulation performance.
• the elastic plate is a sandwich consisting of two outer sheets, or skins, separated by a core. This variant makes it possible, for an equal mass, to increase the rigidity of the elastic plate while reducing its thermal conduction.
• the core of the preceding variant consists of a thermally insulating material.
• a highly insulating material can be used between the skins which skins give the sandwich rigidity properties.
• the soul is alveolar. This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the elastic plate.
• the cells of the core are sealed cavities which cavities are inflated by a gas pressure participating in the spring effect.
• the mase of the device can be reduced.
• the elastic plate is corrugated, which makes it possible to modulate its elastic response as a function of the material constituting it.
• one of the plurality of spacers comprises rigid bosses of the elastic plate. This feature further simplifies the realization of the insulating device.
• the two pluralities of spacers are rigid bosses of a corrugated elastic plate whose corrugation pitch (p) is equal to the implantation pitch of the bosses of the same plurality.
• This configuration makes it possible to create an initial deflection of the elastic separation means of the panels and thus to reduce the height of the bosses in order to reduce the overall thickness of the insulating device according to this embodiment of the invention.
• the device according to the invention comprises a spacer of the first plurality and a spacer the second plurality, arranged opposite, the connecting means between these two spacers comprising two blades forming a fold.
• This feature allows to provide areas free of any spacer or elastic connection piece between the two panels. This feature is advantageous in the case, for example, or the Insulating device object of the invention must be transparent or translucent, or to provide local passages through the insulating device.
• the separator means impose a spatially variable distance between the first and the second panel.
• a spatial variation of the distance is meant a variation of this distance according to at least one direction that can be defined on the surface of one of the panels.
• the two panels are not necessarily parallel, which makes it possible to adapt the device to particular applications.
• the separating means comprise a plurality of superposed elastic plates. This feature makes it possible to increase the length of the thermal labyrinth between the two panels while maintaining an elastic response equivalent to that obtained by a single separation plate.
• the device according to the invention comprises n elastic plates of unit thickness e, n being greater than or equal to 1, the ratio (e v -ne-h / (e -e v ) being between 1, 1 and 3.
• n being greater than or equal to 1
• the ratio (e v -ne-h / (e -e v ) being between 1, 1 and 3.
• the separating means comprise resilient support means placed between two superposed elastic plates.
• the stiffness of the transverse connection between the first and the second panel can be adjusted finely.
• the elastic support means comprise an elastic stud.
• This variant embodiment is the one that offers the greatest latitude in adjusting the transverse stiffness of the device.
• the device which is the subject of the invention comprises, according to a mode of particular embodiment, sealing means extending around the periphery of the panels and comprising a bellows.
• This bellows does not introduce a bending moment in the assembly and thus avoids the warping of the device which is the subject of the invention under the effect of the mechanical loading of service, in particular when said loading results from a drawing of the vacuum of the space between the panels.
• the sealing means comprise a bellows delimiting an opening inside the panels.
• sealed vias of the device which is the subject of the invention can be produced without degrading the flexibility of said device.
• FIG. 1 relating to the prior art is a front view in section of a section of a thin thermal insulation device comprising two panels held at a distance from each other by elastic separation means , Figure 1 A before drawing the volume between the panels, Figure 1 B, after drawing this volume;
• FIG. 2 shows, in a front view and in section, a section of an embodiment of the device according to the invention comprising two panels separated by separating means comprising rigid spacers arranged in staggered rows and acting on an elastic plate, Figure 2A before drawing the volume between the two panels, Figure 2B after vacuum drawing of this volume;
• FIG. 3 illustrates in a front view and in section of a section of an embodiment of the device according to the invention wherein the panel separating means are constituted by folded blades or resilient pads;
• FIG. 4 is a representation according to the same view as the preceding figures, of an exemplary embodiment of a section of the device according to the invention, in which the separating means consist of an embossed plate, FIG. 4A before drawing. vacuum, Figure 4B after drawing the volume between the two panels;
• FIGS. 5 and 6 show, in perspective and front view, two exemplary embodiments of separator means constituted by elastic strips assembled by a fold;
• - Figures 7 and 8 illustrate in a perspective view from above two embodiments of elastic pads adapted to the realization of separation means for a device according to an embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 9 represents in section and from the front an exemplary embodiment of a device section which is the subject of the invention, extending in a curved direction;
• FIG. 10 is an exemplary embodiment in front view and in section of a section of a device that is the subject of the invention according to an embodiment comprising as separation means a plurality of elastic plates superimposed in a transverse direction;
• FIG. 11 illustrates a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 10 according to the same view, the elastic plates constituting the separation means comprising V-shaped bosses, FIG. 11A, according to one embodiment comprising three elastic plates, represented before vacuum drawing, Figure 1 1 B, according to an embodiment comprising five elastic plates, shown under service stress;
• FIG. 12 and 13 show in section and front examples of variants of an embodiment of the device of the invention in which the distance between the panels is variable in a longitudinal direction;
• FIG. 14 shows a detail of the periphery of a device that is the subject of the invention.
• FIG. 15 shows in a sectional view and front a section of a device according to the invention comprising a crossing
• FIG. 16 is a sectional and front view of a section according to an exemplary embodiment of a device that is the subject of the invention, comprising a translucent opening;
• FIG. 17 represents in perspective a portion of a device according to an exemplary embodiment comprising a stack of embossed elastic plates whose bosses extend alternately in secant directions included in a plane perpendicular to the transverse direction. stacking;
• FIG. 19 is a sectional view and front, an embodiment of a device according to the invention, comprising as a separating element a corrugated elastic plate bosses, the corrugation of the plate forming an initial arrow;
• FIG. 20 is a front view in section of an exemplary assembly of devices that is the subject of the invention in order to provide an insulating doubling of an existing partition;
• FIG. 21 represents, according to front views and in section, portions of elastic plates corresponding to different variants of constitution of said elastic plates adapted to the device which is the subject of the invention, FIG. 21A according to a single-material constitution, FIGS. 21 B to 21 D according to sandwich structures and FIG. 21 E according to a cellular mono-material structure;
• FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a portion of a device according to an embodiment of the invention according to an embodiment comprising elastic separator means in the form of a honeycomb structural plate;
• FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a portion of a device that is the subject of the invention according to an exemplary embodiment comprising elastic separator means in the form of an assembly of inflatable tubes;
• FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating the level of comparative thermal resistance of different insulators of equivalent thickness, including the device that is the subject of the invention.
• the device of the invention comprises a first panel (201) and a second panel (202) which are kept at a distance from one another in a transverse direction (210).
• the device according to the invention comprises sealing means (not shown) between the panels on the periphery thereof, this space (220) defines a sealed chamber.
• the panels (201, 202) are maintained at a sufficient transverse distance from one another.
• a first plurality of rigid struts (231) is placed in contact with the inner face (221) of the first panel (201) and a second plurality of rigid struts (232) is placed in position.
• spacers (231, 232) are in contact with a limited surface area with the panels, according to a quasi-point or quasi-linear contact depending on the shape of said spacers.
• the two plurality of spacers (231, 232) are elastically connected by their opposite ends to those in contact with the panels (201, 202), via a plate (240). elastically deformable under the effect of a transverse stress.
• the spacers (231, 232) of the two pluralities being disposed alternately in a longitudinal direction (21 1), the elastic plate (240) is deformed in flexion under the effect of external transverse stress, which solicitation tends to bring the panels (201, 202) closer to one another.
• the panels (201, 202) consist of a composite material comprising an organic matrix, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin or polyamide and a fibrous reinforcement constituted for example, glass or aramid fibers.
• said panels can be both light and have sufficient structural characteristics so that the device object of the invention can replace structural panels less efficient in terms of thermal insulation, without substantially increasing the mass and volume of the whole object of this substitution.
• the choice to use flexible separation means spring under the effect of service loading, to verify the condition p / e> 10 which condition allows to maintain solid conduction between the panels (201, 202) in low values, increasing the path and reducing the solid conduction section between said panels.
• the two pluralities of rigid spacers (331, 332) are placed facing each other and are kept spaced apart by folded blades or elastic studs.
• (340) constituted by a plurality of blades (341) joined together by folds (342). Said folds can be achieved by the effective folding of a blade or by assembling, for example by welding, two blades at one of their ends.
• the panels (201, 202) make it possible to keep the panels (201, 202) at a distance from one another.
• the elastic means can be prestressed during assembly of the device object of the invention to ensure the contact of all the spacers on the inner faces of the panels.
• the number of spacers can be adapted to the nature of the materials constituting the panels and their resistance to matting or punching.
• the transverse distance e between the two panels (201, 202) is substantially equal to 2h e + e in, the absence of transverse mechanical stress.
• the distance e v between the panels (201, 202) when the device is subjected to the transverse stresses of service tends towards h e + e without reaching this value, the stiffness of the elastic plate (240) being adjusted so that the short circuit temperature is not reached under the conditions of service loading. So, the Minimum distance of solid thermal conduction between the two panels is always equal to 2h e + p / 2.
• each strip (321) of elastic means (340) is of length / and said elastic means each comprise n blades, the minimum distance of solid thermal conduction between the two panels (201, 202 ) will always be at least equal to nl
• the object of the invention is to maximize the solid thermal conduction path between the two panels (201, 202) while reducing the distance e v between said panels, so as to minimize heat exchange between the panels (201, 202). ) by conduction as well as by convection, while ensuring the transfer of charge from one panel to another over the entire surface of said panels.
• elastic separating means being deformed under the effect of the service stress, makes it possible to solve these contradictory characteristics, compromised as essentially rigid separation means, under the service load. considered for the intended application, do not achieve.
• thermal and elastic characteristics of the assembly consisting of spacers and elastic support means are closely related. Indeed, at equivalent thermal conductivity, the solid thermal conduction between the two panels, that is to say the heat transmission by conduction passing through the spacers and the elastic plate between the two panels, will be even lower than the value of p / 2 will be high. However, with an equivalent elastic modulus, the stiffness of the assembly will be even lower, and therefore the risk of short-circuit thermal conduction between the two panels under the effect of the transverse mechanical stress, will be all the more high that this value will be high.
• ⁇ is the thermal conductivity and E is the tensile elastic modulus of the material constituting the set of spacers and elastic support means, then, at equivalent geometry, the device will be more efficient than the ratio ( ⁇ 0 5 / ⁇ ) will be high, ie the material will have a low thermal conductivity and a high elastic modulus.
• f (e -e v ) of the panels (201, 202) under the effect of the transverse mechanical stress, results in a bending of the elastic support means.
• a is selected between 0.01 and 0.2 and preferably between 0.05 and 0.1.
• the transverse mechanical stress can result from the vacuum drawing of the space between the panels (201, 202) and more generally from a pressure difference between this internal space and the outside.
• the spacers (231, 232, 331, 332) consist of a thermally insulating material.
• the elastic plate (240) can receive on each of its faces facing the panels, a surface treatment capable of limiting the radiation heat transmission between the two panels (201, 202).
• this surface treatment can be carried out by the deposition of a thin layer of a metal based on aluminum, silver or gold or by multilayer deposits of oxides or of mineral salts according to techniques known from the prior art.
• the spacers may be initially bonded to the panels (201, 202) or to the elastic plate (240) or to the sets of elastic blades (340) by any means known to those skilled in the art such as gluing or welding.
• the two plurality of spacers (431, 432) and the elastic plate (440) are made in one piece by practicing rigid bosses (431, 432 ) in an elastic plate (440), which bosses come into contact with the panels (201, 202).
• These bosses are made by folding, stamping, molding or extrusion of the plate (440) and have shapes with a small radius of transverse curvature to give them the necessary rigidity.
• the bosses are substantially in the form of ⁇ (omega). This type of boss allows to combine boss stiffness properties, a reduced contact area with the panels (201, 202) and an elongated solid conduction path between the two panels, compared to other bosses.
• the connection between each boss and the plate acts as an elastic pivot point when bringing together the panels (201, 203) consecutive vacuum draw the space between them.
• Figures 5 and 6 according to embodiments of the resilient supports (540, 640) spacers vis-à-vis (331, 332), these are connected by a plurality of blades (541, 643, 644, 645) extending in a direction (212) perpendicular to the plane formed by the transverse directions (210) and longitudinal (212) defined above.
• the blades are interconnected by folds (542, 642) so as to form an elastically deformable assembly.
• the surfaces of the spacers (331, 332) in contact with the panels receive a surface treatment to reduce the coefficient of thermal conduction, at this contact.
• the resilient connection means may take the form of elastic studs (740, 840) consisting of substantially circular blades (741, 841) connected by folds (742, 842) on their peripheries.
• the device of the invention may be produced in forms other than planes to adapt to the shape of the contour of the volume or the shape of the support whose thermal insulation is sought.
• FIG 10 according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, several embossed elastic plates (440, 440 ') can be superimposed.
• resilient means (100) in the form of a corrugated sheet provide the transverse connection between these elastic plates. This stack makes it possible to increase the length of the thermal labyrinth, that is to say the minimum length of solid conduction separating the two panels.
• the multiplication of the elastic plates makes it possible to adjust the stiffness of the support and the spring effect obtained while segmenting the heat transfer space between the two panels so as to create gaseous layers with a thickness of the order of a millimeter between said elastic plates, which reduces the radiative heat transfer but also the heat transfer by the gas layers (220) between the plates.
• the Applicant has determined that the effect of this gas heat transfer between the plates, transfer involving conduction and convection, is minimized and in practice negligible and comparable to the results obtained by drawing space (220). between the panels (201, 202) since, for n elastic plates of thickness e, the ratio (e v -ne-h / (ee v ) is between 1, 1 and 3.
• FIG 11 according to another embodiment, several embossed elastic plates (1 15, 1 16, 1 17) are directly superimposed.
• these plates comprise rigid bosses (1 150, 1 151, 1 160, 1 170) substantially Ve-shaped.
• the bosses extend in the transverse direction (210) in a single direction for the plates (1 16, 1 17) located closest to the panels, and in both directions alternately for the plate (115) elastic intermediate.
• the embossed elastic plates (1750, 1760, 1770) are arranged in an alternating stack of plates whose bosses extend in directions (171 1, 1712) perpendicular to the transverse direction and intersecting them. This configuration considerably reduces the contact area between the stacked separator elements, thereby reducing heat conduction between them.
• the height of the spacers or bosses may be asymmetrical and / or scalable so that the panels (201, 202) are not parallel.
• the device which is the subject of the invention comprises two non-parallel panels (201, 202) held transversely apart by two superposed embossed elastic plates (440, 440 '), kept at a distance from each other by elastic supports with folded blades (640, 640 ') of progressive height in the longitudinal direction (21 1).
• bellows advantageously the edges of the panels are sealed on their periphery by bellows (141).
• these bellows comprise means (1410, 141 1, 1412) for holding the separating elements, more particularly the elastic blades of these means at their ends.
• bellows devices (151) may also be used to make vias.
• an opening (1650) insulating transparent or translucent may be installed between two insulating devices (1600, 1610) opaque or within the same device object of the invention.
• a transparent opening comprises a first (161) and a second (162) translucent or transparent panel, kept spaced from each other by transparent elastic blocks (740), the space between the two transparent panels (161, 162) being drawn to vacuum.
• the embossed elastic plates (1850) comprise a corrugation (1852) whose period extends in a direction (1812) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (181 1) . Only the bosses (1851) are in contact with the panels (201, 202), the corrugation (1852) has the essential technical effect of increasing the bending stiffness of the plate (1850), while increasing the conduction path solid in the direction of the waving period.
• the separating means comprise a resilient plate (181) corrugated having bosses (182).
• the waving pitch extending longitudinally, is equal to the pitch (p) of the bosses, so that said elastic plate (181) has an initial deflection (f ? ) Between each boss (182) of alternating transverse direction.
• This characteristic makes it possible, for a space (e v ) between the panels and a pitch (p) of implantation of the given bosses, to reduce the height h e of the bosses, hence the transversal size of the device once it is shot in a vacuum.
• the distance between the two panels (201, 202) before the application of transverse service stress, in particular the evacuation of the space between the panels, is, according to this embodiment, substantially equal to (2h e + f 1 + e ), where h e is the boss height and "f 1 " the ripple amplitude of the elastic plate and "e" the thickness of said plate.
• the final thickness, once the insulating device object of the invention drawn to the vacuum is reduced by the value of the initial arrow.
• the device according to the invention may, according to any of its embodiments be used in place of a structural panel, to constitute, for example, all or part of the body of a vehicle suitable for cryogenic transport. Alternatively, it can be used for doubling an existing support (185).
• an intermediate piece (180) is fixed to the support, on which insulating devices (186, 187) are connected. This arrangement avoids thermal bridges.
• said plate (240) can be made macroscopically of a single material, Figure 21A.
• the material constituting the elastic plate is chosen so that its properties meet the criterion ⁇ 0 5 / ⁇ > 100.
• the elastic plate can thus be made of glass, polycarbonate or extruded polyvinyl chloride (PVC), possibly reinforced with fibers. , preferably of low thermal conductivity such as glass fiber, to increase the tensile modulus.
• the elastic plate (241) may consist of a sandwich comprising two skins (2141, 2142) separated by a core (2143).
• the skins are made of polycarbonate, PVC or polyester, reinforced or not with weak fibers.
• thermal conductivity such as glass or aramid fibers.
• the core (2143) is filled with a thermally insulating material, such as a PVC or polyurethane foam, or else with polystyrene extruded.
• the core (2143) consists of a reinforced foam, such as a syntactic foam.
• the skins (2141, 2142) are assembled to the core by gluing, thermo-compression or coextrusion.
• the criterion E 0.5 / ⁇ > 100 is also verified by considering E and ⁇ as equivalent properties of the sandwich.
• the elastic plate (242) consists of a sandwich whose core (2144) is a honeycomb structure, for example according to a structure called honeycomb.
• the walls of the honeycomb structure are, for example, made of polycarbonate, PVC or polyamide.
• Figure 21 D according to an alternative embodiment of a resilient plate (243) alveolar core sandwich, the partitioning cells (2145) is sealed so that they are able to contain a gas under pressure.
• the elastic plate (243) is an inflatable structure, the gas pressure participating in the rigidity of the structure, in particular by imposing a tensile preload in the skins, which makes it possible to reduce the section of the skins (2141, 2142) to reduce the solid thermal conduction section of the elastic plate and lighten the device object of the invention.
• Figure 21 E according to another embodiment of the elastic plate (244) it is of compartmentalized cellular structure obtained, for example, by extrusion.
• This constitution makes it possible to increase the transverse mechanical inertia of the elastic plate (244) with equivalent mass while increasing the solid conduction path within said plate (244).
• the cells are inflated.
• the compartmentalized structure allows, in the latter case, the cutting and drilling of the device object of the invention on site, these operations affecting only the sealing of the compartments concerned.
• resilient plates corresponding to several of the preceding variants are superimposed within the same insulating device.
• Figure 22 according to an exemplary embodiment of the device of the invention (2210), it comprises an elastic plate (244) consisting of an extruded cellular structure.
• Figure 23 according to another embodiment of the device object of the invention (2310) it comprises an elastic plate (245) in the form of an assembly of inflatable tubes.
• FIG. 24 the diagram (190) compares the thermal resistance Rc (195) expressed in Kelvin m 2 per Watt, insulators of equivalent thickness, ie 6 mm, made of expanded polyurethane (191), two separate glass plates by a honeycomb and drawn vacuum (192) and the device object of the invention according to its embodiments (193).
• the device which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to economically produce insulating panels of comparable total thickness and of transverse thermal resistance greater than 3 m 2 .K / W, but with a primary vacuum between the panels which is much more economical to produce and maintain that the secondary vacuum according to the prior art.
• the transverse bulk of the device of the invention can be substantially reduced by using a corrugated elastic plate having an initial arrow f 1 as shown in FIG. 19.
• the device which is the subject of the invention is a reduced cost while offering structural capabilities superior to those of the prior art.
• the device which is the subject of the invention can be compared with insulators applied in doubling existing partitions. According to this exemplary embodiment, corresponding to FIG.
• the inner plates are advantageously subjected to a silver coating of emissivity 0.05 over a thickness of about 20 nm (20 ⁇ 10 -9 meters), the whole is drawn in vacuo until a pressure is reached. between 1 hPa and 10 hPa in the space between the panels (201, 202)
• the height of the bosses is 1.35 mm for a pitch of 13.4 mm and the total thickness of the device according to this embodiment After evacuation, the panels (201, 202) flex by 0.12 mm between the bosses, the embossed elastic plates (1 15, 1 16, 1 17).
• the device object of the invention has a thermal resistance of 3.3 m 2 K / W, or the equivalent of a thickness of 75 mm of expanded polyurethane or 150 mm of rock wool
• the device according to the invention allows a substantial gain in mass
• the density of the device according to the invention is 4.3 Kg.m -2 , substantially equivalent to the density of polyurethane panels of comparable insulation capacity and less than mass per unit area of an insulating device according to the prior art, as described in European Patent EP 0 535 147, the weight per unit area of which can be estimated between 4.8 and 7.2 Kg.m -2, taking into account the materials and dimensions disclosed in this prior art.

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• Thermal Insulation (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-12-22 FR FR1061025A patent/FR2969739B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-12-19 WO PCT/EP2011/073306 patent/WO2012084874A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2011-12-19 EP EP11802383.7A patent/EP2802803A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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