EP2805399A2 - Régulateur d'énergie domestique - Google Patents

Régulateur d'énergie domestique

Info

Publication number
EP2805399A2
EP2805399A2 EP13709962.8A EP13709962A EP2805399A2 EP 2805399 A2 EP2805399 A2 EP 2805399A2 EP 13709962 A EP13709962 A EP 13709962A EP 2805399 A2 EP2805399 A2 EP 2805399A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power
domestic
wiring network
supply system
external electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13709962.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter James Duffett-Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DSM Energy Control Ltd
Original Assignee
DSM Energy Control Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DSM Energy Control Ltd filed Critical DSM Energy Control Ltd
Publication of EP2805399A2 publication Critical patent/EP2805399A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/28—Wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/40—Hybrid power plants, i.e. a plurality of different generation technologies being operated at one power plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of excess electrical power generated by a domestic ahernative power generation system.
  • the alternative energy generation system provides more power than is required by the domestic load, for example when the Sun shines directly on to a solar panel array, or when the wind-speed rises and drives a wind- turbine with greater force.
  • the excess power is supplied to the grid and the net flow of power in the cable connecting the domestic premises to the grid is reversed from its normal direction.
  • electricity power supply companies often 'buy back' this excess power at a small fraction of the charge they make for supplying an equal amount, so that the householder loses out on the transaction. The householder therefore saves money if he can use as much of the locally-generated power as possible, rather than taking it from the grid.
  • control signal is adjusted to alter the power consumed by the power-consuming device so that the net power flowing between the domestic wiring network and the external electric power supply system approaches the threshold;
  • control signal varies in a continuous fashion in response to changes in the power generated by the domestic alternative power generation system, or to changes in the power consumed by the domestic wiring network;
  • control signal is adjusted to reduce to zero the power consumed by the power- consuming device.
  • the invention includes control apparatus for enabling the use of excess electric power generated by a domestic alternative power generation system which is connected to a domestic electricity wiring network which has a power-consuming device whose power consumption may be varied using a control signal, the wiring network also being connected to a external electric power supply system, the apparatus comprising means for measuring in use the net power flowing between the domestic wiring network and the external electric power supply system;
  • control signal means for varying in use the control signal in response to changes in the power generated by the domestic alternative power generation system, or to changes in the power consumed by the domestic wiring network;
  • means for adjusting in use the control signal so as to reduce to zero the power consumed by the power-consuming device when the direction of net power flow is from the external electric power supply system to the domestic wiring network or when the net power flowing from the wiring network to the external electric power supply system is below said threshold.
  • the invention also includes a domestic electricity wiring network which has a power- consuming device whose power consumption may be varied using a control signal, the wiring network also being connected to a external electric power supply system, and control apparatus as defined above.
  • Domestic premises fitted with a system according to the invention may also incorporate a by-pass switch so that the control of the power-consuming device may be made inoperative.
  • a by-pass switch so that the control of the power-consuming device may be made inoperative.
  • the householder can activate the by-pass switch and connect the immersion heater directly to the house wiring so that the external electric power supply system supplies the power. This may be useful at night when there is a demand for hot water and no power is being generated by the alternative power generation system.
  • the means for creating the control signal may be implemented using a digital microcontroller executing a program of instructions or using analogue devices acting on continuously-variable voltages.
  • the control signal may be a variable voltage or current, or a light signal.
  • domestic premises in the UK incorporate a domestic electric wiring network, often known as the "house wiring” or the “mains wiring”.
  • An example network consists of a consumer unit which carries fuses or circuit breakers protecting a number of wiring loops (so-called ring mains) and spurs to which electric sockets, electric lights, and other fixed devices, such as electric showers, are connected.
  • the architecture may be different, for example adopting a spoke and hub arrangement rather than a ring main.
  • the consumer unit is also connected to an external electric power supply system via an electric energy meter which measures the total accumulated electric energy consumed within the domestic premises.
  • the electrical energy supplied externally to the domestic premises usually comes from a regional or national supplier.
  • a regional or national supplier In the United Kingdom, there are several companies which generate and supply electricity via a single supply system known as the National Grid. The householder buys electricity from one of these companies, paying periodically according to the reading of the electric energy meter. Different arrangements may apply in other countries.
  • Alternative power generation systems include arrays of solar photo-voltaic cells fitted to the roofs of houses and garages which face towards the Sun for part of the day, or wind turbines.
  • the power-consuming device of the invention may consist of any electrical device such as a heater, battery charger, or electric motor, whose power consumption may be varied using a control signal such as an electric voltage or current, or a light signal.
  • a control signal such as an electric voltage or current, or a light signal.
  • an electric heater may be connected via a thyristor throttle which governs the net power consumed by the heater in response to a control voltage by limiting the electrical power to bursts whose average power is in proportion to the control voltage.
  • the net power flowing in a wire carrying direct current (DC) is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current.
  • DC direct current
  • a 100 V system supplying 20 amps provides 2 KW of power.
  • AC alternating current
  • the frequency of the AC supply is 50 Hz whilst 60 Hz is commonly used in other parts of the world such as the USA.
  • the voltage and the current reverse direction.
  • the current spends half the cycle flowing in one direction, and the other half of the cycle flowing in the reverse direction.
  • the voltage reverses sign every half cycle and there may also be a difference in the phase, ⁇ , of the current, /, with respect to the voltage, v.
  • V 0 and I 0 are the amplitudes of the voltage and current respectively, and represents the time.
  • P is given by and the net power flowing is the average of this over one cycle.
  • ⁇ > braces to represent the average the average power is given by the expression
  • T I// is the period of the AC.
  • the net power flowing may be found by measuring the phase difference and amplitudes of the voltage and current and using the equation above.
  • the instantaneous values of the voltage and the current may be measured at a rate of many times per cycle, and the product averaged over an interval many cycles in length.
  • the instantaneous current can be measured using any convenient technique. For example, the voltage drop across a known resistance or reactance in series with the current can be measured, or a clip-on current probe can be used.
  • a probe is the so-called Rogowski coil.
  • a probe may behave like a transformer with a single turn in its primary circuit and a large number of turns in its secondary. The alternating magnetic field produced by the current induces a voltage in the secondary, and this can be measured to deduce the value of the current.
  • Another design makes use of the Hall effect, and can be used to measure DC current. Whichever technique is used, the current flowing between the domestic wiring network and the external electric power supply system must be determined. The voltage, however, can be measured anywhere convenient in the domestic wiring network since its phase is virtually the same everywhere.
  • the phase difference, ⁇ , between the voltage and the current changes by 180 degrees when there is a reversal of direction of the net power flowing between the domestic wiring network and the externa! electric power supply system.
  • This changes the sign of the cos(0) term in the above equations, and thus also the sign of the measured power.
  • the control signal is created in proportion to the difference between the measured net power flowing and a pre-determined threshold value.
  • the threshold may be set at zero, or a low value of the power, say 100 W.
  • a system according to the invention preferably increases the power consumed by the power-consuming device to maintain the net power flowing as close as possible to the threshold value.
  • the amplification factor should be made as large as possible, and the filter bandwidth (proportional to the inverse of the "time constant" of the system) should be made as wide as possible, so that the tracking error between the net power flowing and the threshold should be as smail as possible, and the response to changes in power generated or consumed should be as fast as possible.
  • the system may become unstable if the values of either quantity are made too large because of other small delays in the system. This characteristic is well-known in the field of servo control systems.
  • a system according to the invention having well-chosen values of the amplification factor and the filter bandwidth will respond quickly to changes in the power generated by the domestic alternative power generation system, or to changes in the power consumed by the domestic wiring network. These changes may come about if, for example, the Sun's radiance on a solar panel is modulated by changing cloud cover, or the wind speed changes on a gusty day so that a wind turbine's blades are driven with greater or lesser force. Even when the domestic alternative power generation system is providing a steady output, the net power flowing can be altered by the changing power consumption within the wiring network, such as when an electric kettle is plugged in and turned on, or a thermostatically-controlled heating device turns on or off.
  • the inventive system will then operate to reduce substantially the fluctuations in the net power flowing from the wiring network to the external electric power supply system.
  • the direction of net power flow is from the external electric power supply system to the domestic wiring network, or the net power flowing from the wiring network to the external electric power supply system is below the threshold value, it is important to turn off the power-consuming device as quickly as possible in order not to incur unnecessary charges on the electricity bill. This is achieved by adjusting the control signal so that the power consuming device is turned off.
  • the threshold may be set at any value.
  • a system according to the invention which responds instantaneously to a change in the power flowing from the wiring network to the external electric power supply system may use zero as the threshold value.
  • the threshold value may be set at a small positive value, say 100 W, in order to make sure that that significant amounts of power are not inadvertently taken from the external supplier when, for example, the Sun is 'coming out' and going in' on a cloudy sunny day.
  • An advantage of the system of the invention is that it provides fine control of the power consumed by the power-consuming device to make best use of the excess electric power available. This is in contrast to a system in which the power-consuming device is simply switched on or off.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a domestic power control system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of power controller unit
  • Figure 3 shows the principle steps in a microcontroller program.
  • FIG. 1 A block diagram of one embodiment of a system 100 according to the invention is shown in Figure 1 .
  • a domestic alternative power generation system 101 feeds electrical power into an inverter/controller device 102 which converts the power into cycle-matched and voltage-matched AC. This is fed via an energy-generation meter 103 into the domestic wiring network consisting of a ring mains 104, several spurs 105, and a consumer unit 106. Power from an external electricity supply system 108 is provided to the domestic wiring network via an electricity energy consumption meter 107 and a wire 1 15.
  • the electric energy consumption meter 107 records the accumulated amount of energy (usually measured in KWh, or units) dissipated in the various domestic electric appliances connected to the domestic wiring network.
  • the power taken from the external electricity supply system 108 is reduced. If the power generated is more than that required by all of the domestic appliances connected to the domestic wiring network, the excess power is passed to the external electricity supply system and the power flow through the meter 107 and the wire 1 15 is reversed.
  • standard domestic digital meters do not usually record reverse power flow, so the reading remains static in this case.
  • An electric water (immersion) heater 1 10 is also connected to the domestic wiring network via a thyristor power throttle 109, which is controlled by a control voltage on line 1 1 1 .
  • the control voltage varies smoothly between a lower limit, which may be 0 V, and an upper limit, which may be 5 V.
  • the system is set up so that the power throttle operates between 0 % and 100 % as the control voltage varies between its limits.
  • 0 V may set the throttle at 0 %, so that no power is passed to the heater 1 10
  • 5 V may set the throttle at 100 %, so that the heater operates at full power.
  • Controller unit 1 12 generates the control voltage on line 1 1 1 using measurements of the current flowing in wire 1 15 from current sensor unit 1 13 supplied via line 1 17, the voltage of the domestic wiring network supplied via line 1 16, and a power threshold, shown schematically in Figure 1 at 1 14.
  • the heater 1 10 and power throttle 109 constitute the power-consuming device of the invention, whose power consumption is varied using the control signal (a voltage in this case) on line 1 1 1 .
  • the controller unit 1 12 is shown in more detail in Figure 2.
  • the current sensor unit 1 13 provides an analogue voltage, via line 1 17, which is proportional to the current flowing in wire 115 passing through it. This wire connects the consumer unit 106 to the power consumption meter 107, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the analogue voltage is converted to a digital representation in the analogue-to-digital (ADC) converter 201 , which is then made available to the digital microcontroller 203.
  • the voltage on wire 1 15 is connected via line 1 16 to an ADC unit 202 which converts it to a digital representation also made available to the microcontroller.
  • ADC analogue-to-digital
  • the microcontroller has a program memory 204 containing a program to carry out the multiplication, averaging and other function of the controller unit 112, and also some dynamic memory 205 for the temporary storage of variables etc.
  • a digital representation of the control signal is converted to an analogue control voltage by the digital-to-analogue (DAC) converter 206 and this appears on line 1 1 1.
  • DAC digital-to-analogue
  • the main steps in the program running on the microcontroller 203 are shown in Figure 3.
  • the program runs in an endless loop from the start (step 301 ), reading the current (302) and voltage (303), taking the product to obtain the instantaneous power (step 304), and combining the product with previously accumulated values in step 305.
  • This step in effect, performs the function of a low-pass filter and it defines the bandwidth of the system.
  • the accumulated values are zero, but gradually increase as more products are combined so that after a time the accumulated values represent the average net power flowing in the wire between the consumer unit 106 and the meter 107.
  • Step 306 causes the program to loop back to step 302 until it is time to output a new value of the control voltage.
  • the predetermined threshold 1 14 is subtracted from the accumulated values representing the average net power flow (step 307) and the difference is compared with zero (step 308). If the difference is less than zero, the control voltage is set to zero (step 309) and is output on line 1 1 1 (step 311 ). If the difference is greater than zero, it is multiplied by the amplification factor in step 310 before being output in step 31 1 . Both the filter bandwidth (step 305) and the amplification factor (step 310) need to be chosen so that the control system is stable but responds as quickly as possible to changes.
  • the threshold shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2 at 1 14 may be a constant value within the program, or it may be an externally adjustable value which can be read by the microcontroller every time the program passes through step 307.
  • the above embodiment of the invention may be described as partly digital, since the function of the controller unit 1 12 is implemented in the digital microcontroller unit 203 running a computer program. It will be clear to one skilled in the art that the controller function can also be implemented using analogue devices for multiplication, averaging and the other functions of the controller unit 1 12. In this case, there is no need for the ADCs 201 and 202, or for DAC 206, since the analogue circuits in the controller act on analogue inputs (i.e. voltages which vary continuously between limits) and provide an analogue output directly on line 1 1 1 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour l'utilisation d'énergie électrique en excès générée par un système domestique de génération d'électricité alternative connecté à un réseau domestique de câblage électrique. L'énergie en excès est consommée par un dispositif dont la consommation électrique peut être variée en utilisant un signal de commande. Le réseau de câblage est également connecté à un système externe d'alimentation en énergie électrique. Le procédé comprend la mesure de la puissance nette circulant entre le réseau domestique de câblage et le système externe d'alimentation en énergie électrique dans sa direction de circulation. Un signal de commande est créé pour ajuster l'énergie consommée par le dispositif de consommation d'énergie de telle sorte que (a) la puissance nette circulant du réseau domestique de câblage vers le système externe d'alimentation en énergie électrique est maintenue proche ou au-dessous d'une valeur de seuil prédéterminée ; (b) celle-ci varie en réponse à des changements dans la puissance générée par le système domestique de génération d'électricité alternative, ou à des changements dans l'énergie consommée par le réseau domestique de câblage ; et (c) celle-ci est ajustée pour réduire à zéro l'énergie consommée par le dispositif consommateur d'énergie à tout moment lorsque la direction de circulation de puissance nette va du système externe d'alimentation en énergie électrique vers le réseau domestique de câblage, ou que la puissance nette circulant du réseau de câblage vers le système d'alimentation en énergie électrique externe est au-dessous du seuil.
EP13709962.8A 2012-01-18 2013-01-17 Régulateur d'énergie domestique Withdrawn EP2805399A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1200791.0A GB2487642B (en) 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 Domestic power controller
PCT/GB2013/000018 WO2013108004A2 (fr) 2012-01-18 2013-01-17 Régulateur d'énergie domestique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2805399A2 true EP2805399A2 (fr) 2014-11-26

Family

ID=45814160

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13709962.8A Withdrawn EP2805399A2 (fr) 2012-01-18 2013-01-17 Régulateur d'énergie domestique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2805399A2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2487642B (fr)
WO (1) WO2013108004A2 (fr)

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GB2507039A (en) * 2012-10-16 2014-04-23 Ivy Ltd Surplus power detection and diversion in co-generation system
GB2510153A (en) * 2013-01-25 2014-07-30 Farrsight Ltd Consumption control for grid connected micro-generation system
ES2482017B1 (es) * 2013-01-30 2015-03-12 Gen Elevadores Xxi S L Sistema de control del autoconsumo de la energía producida por una instalación
GB2514092B (en) 2013-03-21 2017-11-29 Powervault Ltd Electrical energy storage device and system
GB2539369B (en) * 2015-03-12 2021-03-03 Power Flow Energy Ltd Energy recovery system
GB2543787A (en) * 2015-10-27 2017-05-03 Basic Holdings A domestic controller for an energy management system
WO2017208051A1 (fr) * 2016-05-29 2017-12-07 Aplisens S.A. Procédé de diagnostic d'état technique d'unité de pompe submersible
CN110504699A (zh) * 2019-08-29 2019-11-26 宁波三星医疗电气股份有限公司 一种储能单元、智能表以及智能表系统
GB2618535A (en) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-15 Power Flow Energy Ltd Multiple Load Energy Recovery Controller
EP4474051A1 (fr) 2023-06-08 2024-12-11 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Complexe d'or, procédé de préparation et utilisation

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GB0815589D0 (en) * 2008-08-28 2008-10-01 Turbine Services Wind Hydro Ltd Apparatus and method for the efficient utilisation of renewable energy
DE202011005048U1 (de) * 2011-04-08 2011-10-11 Rudolf Baier Elektrische Energieverteilungsvorrichtung für ein Gebäude

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013108004A3 (fr) 2013-11-28
GB2487642B (en) 2012-12-26
GB2487642A (en) 2012-08-01
WO2013108004A2 (fr) 2013-07-25
GB201200791D0 (en) 2012-02-29

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