EP2806041A2 - Installation et procédé de déformation à chaud de platines - Google Patents

Installation et procédé de déformation à chaud de platines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2806041A2
EP2806041A2 EP14001687.4A EP14001687A EP2806041A2 EP 2806041 A2 EP2806041 A2 EP 2806041A2 EP 14001687 A EP14001687 A EP 14001687A EP 2806041 A2 EP2806041 A2 EP 2806041A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blanks
installation according
heating
boards
heating device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14001687.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2806041A3 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Bors
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP2806041A2 publication Critical patent/EP2806041A2/fr
Publication of EP2806041A3 publication Critical patent/EP2806041A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/52—Methods of heating with flames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/021—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces having two or more parallel tracks
    • F27B9/022—With two tracks moving in opposite directions
    • F27B9/023—With two tracks moving in opposite directions with a U turn at one end
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/243—Endless-strand conveyor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for hot forming of blanks, as well as a corresponding method for hot forming of blanks.
  • sheet metal is a relatively new development trend in component manufacturing, especially for vehicle bodies.
  • sheets used in this context are also called “sinkers”, in accordance with common usage in the field of shaping technology.
  • a circuit board is usually a suitably cut, punched, joined and / or preformed sheet metal.
  • the measures according to the invention can be used not only for appropriately prepared sheets but also for the starting materials used in each case. The invention therefore extends to all workpieces or semi-finished products which can be formed in a corresponding shaping process, for example by pressing and / or deep-drawing.
  • Hot working allows components of high strength and complex geometry to be produced without springback and allows significant weight reduction in the case of e.g. manufactured bodies and an increase in safety, for example, occupants of a corresponding vehicle.
  • Hot forming processes are essentially combined forming and tempering techniques. By using appropriate steels, such as manganese-boron steels, it is possible to achieve strengths of up to 1,500 MPa. Press hardening methods include, for example, heating boards to a temperature above the full austenitizing temperature, eg above 850 ° C, and then rapidly cooling the board in the tool. This forms the desired martensite structure with the desired strength.
  • the combination of forming with quenching in a tool is sometimes referred to as compression or form hardening.
  • roller hearth furnaces used for preheating the boards.
  • the heating of such ovens is usually carried out by means of jet pipes, which are heated electrically or by gas burners.
  • the heat treatment time for the tempering of the steel is an essential parameter that defines the cycle time of a corresponding press.
  • Roller hearth furnaces have a length of up to 40 meters and therefore require appropriate structural conditions, including an efficient removal of excess heat.
  • Even rotary drum ovens, which are used as an alternative to roller hearth furnaces for preheating of components have corresponding disadvantages. They too are heated by means of jet pipes and are rather unsatisfactory in terms of their efficiency.
  • Press-hardened components are characterized by their high strength and rigidity. As mentioned, this can be reduced sheet thicknesses and thus saved weight.
  • the problem is the low elongation at break of press-hardened components, which can lead to cracking in downstream manufacturing operations, such as welding of other parts. For this reason, it is desirable certain areas z. As a body component form-hardened, and other areas of the same component in such a way that they have a higher ductility and thus can absorb more energy by plastic deformation.
  • tailored properties include the targeted influencing of alloy components of corresponding semi-finished products, the production of so-called “tailored welded blanks", ie boards that are joined from different materials, the partial (Local) heating by means of inductive or conductive heating technologies, the partial tempering of certain areas of the press-hardening tools by local heating and the masking of certain component areas to suppress the heating (and thus austenitizing) in a corresponding roller hearth furnace.
  • such methods are expensive, often not satisfactory as a result and cause excessive costs.
  • the present invention proposes a system for hot stamping of blanks, as well as a corresponding method for hot forming of blanks with the features of the independent claims.
  • Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims and the following description.
  • At least partial reheating which is performed only after the forming or press hardening of the boards in the pressing device can be in a particularly effective way boards or components provide locally different properties.
  • board in the context of this application comprehensively understood.
  • the term includes sheets, semi-finished products, joined and / or preformed components, hot-formed in an appropriate plant, in particular press-hardened.
  • a particularly advantageous aspect of the invention relates to the use of a premixing hydrogen-oxygen burner or fuel gas-oxygen burner.
  • Such types of burners are basically, for example from the DE 103 45 411 A1 , known.
  • premixing fuel gas oxygen burners are used for so-called fire polishing of glass parts, in particular parts made of lead crystal or soda-lime glass. In this case, at least part of the surface of the glass part is heated and melted with the burner flame.
  • Corresponding burners are also known as so-called Hydropox burners and are sold under this brand name by the applicant.
  • Premixing fuel gas-oxygen burners are characterized by a particularly high heat transfer efficiency.
  • a gas mixture of fuel gas and oxygen is already fed to a burner head of a premixing fuel gas-oxygen burner and not first generated in a corresponding burner head.
  • Premixing burners produce particularly hard flames, which are suitable for melting larger surface areas, which may also have pits or other irregularities. This constitutes, as found according to the invention, a decisive advantage over externally mixing burners. In externally mixing burners, only a soft flame can be produced, which in particular can not penetrate into corners, holes or depressions of a surface.
  • premixing burner thus enables, in particular, local heating of areas, in particular of differently shaped areas, of corresponding boards. Although prolonged heating by means of an external mixing burner would also achieve a high temperature possible, but there is a risk that the board heats up altogether, not only in the desired areas.
  • the at least one reheating device is spatially orientable and / or spatially displaceable.
  • the reheating device used according to the invention can be mounted on an industrial robot. This allows the exact guidance and orientation of the post-heating device along or over the surface of the formed board, which thereby in the desired areas (partially) evenly to a desired temperature range, eg. B. between 650 and 850 ° C, in particular 700 ° C - 800 ° C, in particular about 750 ° C can be heated.
  • the heating device (for particular complete heating of the board before forming in the pressing device) is designed as Austenitmaschines worn. Preference is given to complete austenitization. Austenitizing provides the desired material properties with which a subsequent pressing with simultaneous cooling or quenching and then a further at least partial heating (postheating) can be carried out. A corresponding Austenitmaschines worn is for, in particular local, heating of the boards to a temperature of 750 - 1,050 ° C, in particular from 800-1,000 ° C, for example, 850-950 ° C, furnished. A corresponding temperature depends on the respective materials and is above an austenitizing temperature. This is for example in the mentioned manganese-boron steels at about 850 ° C.
  • the austenitizing temperature can be quickly reached or exceeded by a corresponding burner, in particular in predeterminable areas of the board.
  • the boards are preferably cooled to temperatures of 100 ° C - 200 ° C, with cooling to any temperature between room temperature and 250 ° C is possible.
  • a corresponding system advantageously also has at least one loading device for loading the system with the blanks and / or at least one transfer device for transferring the blanks into the at least one pressing device of the system and / or at least one transfer device for transferring the blanks to the reheating device.
  • the at least one heating device comprises at least one paternoster oven.
  • a paternoster which are generally known, for example, vertical paternoster ovens can be used, which have improved energy efficiency and in particular the advantage of conventional Roller hearth furnaces, which, as mentioned, build large and therefore require appropriate structural conditions to be able to replace.
  • Paternoster furnaces are for example electrically or fuel-heated and operable in corresponding temperature ranges, so that an efficient and reliable heating is ensured.
  • the respective temperatures to be set depend on the particular material of the boards.
  • the complete austenitizing temperature of manganese-boron steels is about 850 ° C.
  • the person skilled in the art can easily derive corresponding temperatures from available material parameters.
  • the heating device with at least one premixing hydrogen-oxygen burner or fuel gas-oxygen burner. This is also a very effective, in particular area heating of boards possible.
  • heating device in particular Austenitmaschines driven, heating device is preferably used in the present invention for a complete Austenitmaschine a board, it is also possible for partial heating, in particular austenitizing, ie for heating or austenitizing certain regions or local areas of boards be educated. At least one burner flame of a premixing hydrogen-oxygen burner can be directed onto the region (s) provided for partial heating, in particular austenitizing.
  • a corresponding burner arrangement thus enables, in particular, a defined, local austenitization of regions in which, for example, by press hardening, a high local strength can subsequently be achieved. In the non-austenitized areas, however, sufficient ductility of the material after press hardening is ensured.
  • a heating device in particular an austenitizing device, is provided in a corresponding system with a preheating device in the form of a structural unit.
  • a preheating device in the form of a structural unit.
  • a method according to the invention comprises loading blanks into a system according to the invention, at least locally heating or austenizing the blanks in a heating device, in particular an austenitizing device, shaping them in a pressing device by pressing and then at least partially heating them in a reheating device.
  • the pressing process may be a press hardening process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plant for hot stamping of boards according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the plant is designated 10 in total. It has a loading device 3, in the corresponding boards P, for example, punched sheet metal pieces, in the direction of arrow (lower horizontal arrow) can be loaded in a corre sponding system.
  • a heating device 4 is provided, which has a paternoster 4a shown schematically.
  • the boards P are introduced in the direction of the arrow into a lower region of the heating device 4, lifted upwards (illustrated by a vertical arrow) and continuously heated during the lifting. It is possible to heat the boards in the paternoster furnace 4a so that they austenitize.
  • the heating means 4 comprises an austenitizing means 4b provided downstream of the paternoster oven 4a. In this case, the paternoster oven serves to preheat the boards.
  • the boards P leave this again in the direction of the arrow (upper horizontal arrow). They then pass through the austenitizing device 4b, which has a burner 14, which in the present case is symbolized as a three-lamp burner.
  • the burner 14 may have any number of burner flames.
  • the burner 14 may also be designed to be mobile and to act on different areas of a board P in succession.
  • corresponding movement devices can be provided which, for example, can also be controlled fully automatically using a corresponding control.
  • the blanks P pass through the austenitizing device 4b in the direction of the arrow and are heated there to a temperature (eg 900 ° C.) which is above an austenitizing temperature of the corresponding material.
  • the boards P then pass into a transfer device 5 and are transferred by this to a pressing tool 8.
  • the pressing tool 8 shapes the boards in the desired manner, wherein simultaneously with the forming a cooling of the boards to about 200 ° C or less takes place.
  • the formed blanks in this state have a temperature of about 200 ° C.
  • the formed blanks are now partially heat-treated by means of a post-heating device 16, which has at least one premixing hydrogen-oxygen burner 18 or fuel gas-oxygen burner.
  • a post-heating device 16 which has at least one premixing hydrogen-oxygen burner 18 or fuel gas-oxygen burner.
  • the hardened structure is converted to a mixed structure at the heat-stressed points of the formed blank, which has improved properties, for example with respect to ductility.
  • the reheating device 16 can be mounted, for example, on an industrial robot (not shown), with which a three-dimensional movability and orientability of the burners 18 can be provided. This allows the exact guidance of the burner 18 along the component surface, which thereby can be uniformly heated in the desired areas to temperatures between about 650 and 850 ° C. The structural change provided thereby leads e.g. to a reduction in hardness and increase in elongation or extensibility. In experiments carried out z. B. Improvements of the expansion values can be realized by up to 18 percent.
  • the burners 18 can be manufactured in any desired geometries (even with small diameters, for example, for spot weld areas), and are therefore able to heat a very wide range of areas on a component or a transformed board P.
  • the energy transfer is very efficient, and the treatment time can be limited to a few seconds.
  • the inventive method has advantages. While laser-assisted methods are generally capable of performing similar tasks, they must operate at significantly higher process cost due to the high energy density and relatively small focal area, for example to heat larger contiguous areas, making such methods relatively ineffective in practice.
  • partial areas of a circuit board in particular a three-dimensionally formed circuit board, for example hardened UHS steel circuit boards, can subsequently be heated in a very varied and effective manner, wherein the expansion of the material can be increased to a value sufficient for targeted deformation ,
  • burn spots for example, of an area of up to 10 to 20 cm 2 can be made available.
  • Burners which can be provided by means of which burnt surfaces of a size of 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm or 4 cm ⁇ 2 cm prove to be particularly preferred.
  • FIG. 2 is a preferred embodiment of an inventively usable burner head shown.
  • FIG. 2 An inventively usable premixing burner head is in FIG. 2 designated 22.
  • a very hard burner flame can be produced, which ensures a very good energy transfer.
  • z. B. trained with recesses or more complex contours areas reliably acted upon with the necessary heat.
  • the corresponding gas mixture thus already flows out here as a mixture of fuel nozzles 223 and is ignited there.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method 100 according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention in a schematic representation.
  • a first method step 101 corresponding boards P are punched out of a metal sheet. These are loaded in a process step 102, for example by means of a loading device, into a hot-forming plant according to the invention. This can be done continuously.
  • a step 103 the boards P are preheated in the system, for which purpose the means described above can be used.
  • austenitization is carried out, as also explained above. After Austenitmaschine the boards P are transferred in a step 105 by a transfer device in a pressing tool and formed there in a step 106 or pressed and simultaneously quenched.
  • the press-hardened blanks After quenching in the press tool, the press-hardened blanks, which in this state may have complex three-dimensional shapes, are partially heated in the desired manner in the desired manner by means of a post-heating device, in particular a premixing hydrogen-oxygen or fuel gas-oxygen mixer (step 107) the heated areas a mixed structure with desired properties (eg improved extensibility) can be provided.
  • a post-heating device in particular a premixing hydrogen-oxygen or fuel gas-oxygen mixer

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
EP14001687.4A 2013-05-23 2014-05-13 Installation et procédé de déformation à chaud de platines Withdrawn EP2806041A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013008853.4A DE102013008853A1 (de) 2013-05-23 2013-05-23 Anlage und Verfahren zum Warmumformen von Platinen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2806041A2 true EP2806041A2 (fr) 2014-11-26
EP2806041A3 EP2806041A3 (fr) 2015-04-15

Family

ID=50828651

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14001687.4A Withdrawn EP2806041A3 (fr) 2013-05-23 2014-05-13 Installation et procédé de déformation à chaud de platines

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20140345753A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2806041A3 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140138074A (fr)
CN (1) CN104174795A (fr)
BR (1) BR102014012331A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2851920A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013008853A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN2014CH02508A (fr)
TW (1) TWI589702B (fr)

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US10526677B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2020-01-07 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Heat treatment furnace and method for heat treatment of a pre-coated steel sheet blank and method for production of a motor vehicle part

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CN102756251B (zh) * 2012-05-18 2014-05-21 山东大王金泰集团有限公司 高强度钢板热冲压成形生产线及其生产工艺
DE102012210693A1 (de) * 2012-06-25 2014-04-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines bereichsweise unterschiedlich gehärteten Blechformteils
CN103045834B (zh) * 2013-01-11 2014-12-03 武汉理工大学 一种改善高强度钢板热冲压件综合性能的方法

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EP3184655A1 (fr) * 2015-12-23 2017-06-28 Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH Four à traitement thermique et procédé de traitement thermique d'une plaque de tôle d'acier et procédé de production d'un composant de véhicule
US10526677B2 (en) 2015-12-23 2020-01-07 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Heat treatment furnace and method for heat treatment of a pre-coated steel sheet blank and method for production of a motor vehicle part

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BR102014012331A2 (pt) 2015-01-20
EP2806041A3 (fr) 2015-04-15
KR20140138074A (ko) 2014-12-03
CA2851920A1 (fr) 2014-11-23
IN2014CH02508A (fr) 2015-07-03
DE102013008853A1 (de) 2014-11-27
CN104174795A (zh) 2014-12-03
TW201504444A (zh) 2015-02-01
TWI589702B (zh) 2017-07-01
US20140345753A1 (en) 2014-11-27

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