EP2812467B1 - Verfahren zur anodisierung von stücken aus einer aluminiumlegierung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur anodisierung von stücken aus einer aluminiumlegierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2812467B1
EP2812467B1 EP13703427.8A EP13703427A EP2812467B1 EP 2812467 B1 EP2812467 B1 EP 2812467B1 EP 13703427 A EP13703427 A EP 13703427A EP 2812467 B1 EP2812467 B1 EP 2812467B1
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EP13703427.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2812467A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Bares
Céline GAZEAU
Cédric STEPHAN
David PEDELMAS
Claude Rossignol
Sylvain BRUET
Olivier BRUCELLE
Paul DEDIEU
Philippe COMBES
Laurent Arurault
Viviane TURQ
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Mecaprotec Industries SA
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Mecaprotec Industries SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/024—Anodisation under pulsed or modulated current or potential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/16—Pretreatment, e.g. desmutting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
    • C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
    • C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/38—Chromatising

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of surface treatment of aluminum or aluminum alloy parts, aimed at improving their corrosion resistance properties. More particularly, it relates to a method of anodizing an aluminum part or one of its alloys, as well as a more general method of surface treatment of such a part using said anodizing process followed by a clogging step.
  • anodization also called anodic oxidation
  • anodic layer consists in forming on the surface of the part a porous aluminum oxide / hydroxide layer, called anodic layer, by applying a current to the piece immersed in an electrolytic bath containing a strong acid electrolyte, the piece constituting the anode of the electrolytic device.
  • the anodic layer thus formed on the surface of the workpiece, after having been subjected to a clogging after-treatment, protects the workpiece against corrosion.
  • This anodic layer is also a support for the attachment of conventional paint systems.
  • the electrolytic baths currently used for the anodizing of aluminum alloy parts which provide the most advantageous performance in terms, in particular, of protection against corrosion of the part, mechanical grip of paint coatings on the surface of the workpiece, and fatigue abatement, are formed with hexavalent chromium.
  • chemicals containing hexavalent chromium are harmful to health and the environment.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the disadvantages of anodizing processes of aluminum alloy parts of the prior art, in particular to those described above, by proposing such a process that does not implement any harmful substance, particularly to hexavalent chromium base, while having at least equivalent performance to the processes of the prior art using hexavalent chromium, in particular in terms of corrosion resistance of the treated part, fatigue fatigue of the part and adhesion of conventional paint systems on its surface.
  • essentially comprising sulfuric acid is meant that the bath contains no other active electrolytic substance, especially strong acid, in an amount sufficient to intervene in the anodization.
  • the bath contains in particular no phosphoric, boric, chromic or tartaric acid, or only in the form of traces.
  • This process according to the invention is characterized by the application to the piece immersed in the bath of a DC voltage according to a voltage profile comprising a rise in voltage, from a starting value of 0 V, at a speed of between 1 and 6 V / min, and then maintaining the voltage at a value a so-called plateau voltage of between 12 and 20 V for a period of time sufficient to obtain an anodic layer of aluminum oxides / hydroxides having a thickness of between 3 and 5 ⁇ m at the surface of the part, said duration being between 5 and 30 minutes.
  • Such an anodic layer has properties of adhesion to paint and corrosion resistance after clogging equivalent to those of anodic layers obtained by chromic anodizing processes of the prior art, while not using any substance. based on hexavalent chromium.
  • the method according to the invention has an additional advantage, which is to overcome the problems of resizing and fatigue reduction generated by standard sulfuric anodization processes of the prior art.
  • the voltage profile applied to the part comprises a rise in voltage at a speed of between 1 and 6 V / min until reaching the so-called plateau voltage value between 12 and 20 V, then maintaining the voltage at said plateau voltage value for a period of time sufficient to obtain an anodic layer of aluminum oxides / hydroxides of thickness between 3 and 5 on the surface of the part. .mu.m.
  • the voltage profile applied to the part comprises a plurality of voltage increase phases, at least one of which is carried out at a speed of between 1 and 6 V / min, and which can be separated. two by two by a bearing during which the voltage is temporarily maintained at a fixed value, before the implementation of the final phase of maintaining the voltage at the plateau voltage value of between 12 and 20 V.
  • the voltage is maintained at the plateau value for a period of between 5 and 30 minutes, depending on the aluminum alloy and the thickness of the desired anodic layer.
  • the rate of rise in voltage is equal to 3 V / min.
  • the plateau voltage value is between 14 and 16 V. It is within the competence of those skilled in the art to determine the optimum voltage value within this range, depending in particular on the characteristics of the alloy. constituting the room.
  • the concentration of sulfuric acid in the bath is preferably from 180 to 220 g / l, for example equal to 200 g / l.
  • the bath temperature is between 15 and 25 ° C, preferably between 18 and 20 ° C, and for example equal to 19 ° C.
  • the part may be subjected to a surface preparation step by degreasing and / or pickling prior to immersion in the bath, so as to remove grease, dirt and oxides present on its surface.
  • Interleaved rinses are preferably made between the successive steps above, and before the treatment of the piece by anodizing.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a more general method of surface treatment of an aluminum or aluminum alloy part, according to which the part is subjected to an anodizing process corresponding to one or more of the characteristics above, then to a clogging step of the anodic layer then formed on the workpiece.
  • the sealing step of the porous anodic layer may be of any type known to those skilled in the art. It can for example be a hydrothermal clogging, hot clogging with hexavalent chromium salts or nickel salts, etc. Clogging processes not involving any substance harmful to the environment and / or health are particularly preferred in the context of the invention.
  • this sealing step comprises immersing the workpiece in an aqueous bath containing a trivalent chromium salt and an oxidizing compound, at a temperature of between 20 and 80 ° C., preferably between 20 and 60 ° C, more particularly between 35 and 45 ° C, and / or the immersion of the piece in water at a temperature between 98 and 100 ° C, and pH for example between 4 , 5 and 8.
  • conventional trivalent chromium is understood to mean chromium in the +3 oxidation state.
  • Hexavalent chromium means chromium in the +6 oxidation state.
  • the oxidizing compound may be of any type known in itself for post-anodizing clogging baths of aluminum or its alloys. Compounds having no adverse effect on the environment are particularly preferred in the context of the invention.
  • Nonlimiting examples of such oxidizing compounds are fluoride-based substances, such as ammonium fluoride or potassium fluoro-zirconate K 2 ZrF 6 , of permanganate, such as potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 , etc.
  • the concentration of oxidizing compound in the bath may especially be between 0.1 and 50 g / l.
  • the trivalent chromium salt and the oxidizing compound present in the bath may consist of two different compounds, or of one and the same compound capable of ensuring on its own the two functions of corrosion inhibition and oxidation, for example by trivalent chromium fluoride CrF 3 .
  • the trivalent chromium salt can be brought in any conventional form in itself for post-anodization sealing treatments of aluminum, especially in the form of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, acetate, acetate hydroxide, sulfate, potassium sulfate, etc. of trivalent chromium, for example CrF 3 , xH 2 O, CrCl 3 , xH 2 O, Cr (NO 3 ) 3 , xH 2 O, (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 Cr, xH 2 O, (CH 3 CO 2 ) 7 Cr 3 (OH) 2 , xH 2 O, Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , xH 2 O, CrK (SO 4 ) 2 , xH 2 O, etc.
  • trivalent chromium for example CrF 3 , xH 2 O, CrCl 3 , xH 2 O, Cr (NO 3 ) 3 , xH 2 O, (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 Cr, xH 2
  • the trivalent chromium salt present in the bath is a fluoride. This is, for example, chromium trifluoride CrF 3 .
  • the concentration of trivalent chromium salt in the bath is preferably between 0.5 and 50 g / l.
  • the immersion of the piece in water at a temperature between 98 and 100 ° C can be carried out with an immersion time of between 10 and 60 minutes, in accordance with the operating parameters of the so-called traditional hydrothermal sealing processes.
  • the sealing step comprises immersing the part successively in the aqueous bath containing a trivalent chromium salt and an oxidizing compound, and in water at a temperature of between 98 and 100 ° C.
  • steps can be carried out in any order, and in particular be separated by one or more interleaved water rinses.
  • the clogging step may include immersing the workpiece in the aqueous bath containing a trivalent chromium salt and an oxidizing compound, and then, after rinsing (s), in water at a temperature of 98 ° C. at 100 ° C.
  • the clogging step may include immersing the piece in water at a temperature of 98 to 100 ° C, and then, after rinsing (s), in the aqueous bath containing a trivalent chromium salt and an oxidizing compound.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1E show micrographs of anodic layers formed on the surface of aluminum parts by, Figure 1A chromic anodizing (OAC), Figure 1B standard sulfuric anodization (OASstandard), figure 1C , sulfo-tartaric anodization (OAST), figure 1D , sulfoboric anodizing (OASB) and figure 1E anodizing according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Parts of 2024 T3 aluminum alloy laminated 120x80x2 mm dimensions are treated by anodization according to the methods below.
  • Parts are then subjected to an anodizing process according to an embodiment of the invention, as follows.
  • a bath is prepared by diluting a solution of sulfuric acid in water to obtain a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g / L, excluding any other compound. This bath is heated and maintained at a temperature of 19 ° C.
  • the part is immersed in the bath, and it is applied a DC voltage according to the following voltage profile: voltage rise, from an initial value of 0 V, at a speed of 3 V / min, to a value called 16 V tray. The tension is maintained at the plateau value for 16 minutes.
  • anodic oxide / aluminum hydroxide layer approximately 4 to 5 ⁇ m thick is formed.
  • a morphological analysis of the anodic layer formed on the surface of each of the pieces thus treated is carried out by electron microscopy with field effect (SEM-FEG).
  • SEM-FEG electron microscopy with field effect
  • the micrographs are shown on figures 1A to 1E .
  • the figure 1E corresponding to the anode layer obtained by a process according to an embodiment of the invention, shows a homogeneous morphology in the thickness of the layer, with the absence of micro-precipitates from the substrate within the layer. From the micrographic observations, the pore diameters were measured for each of the anode layers and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
  • Parts anodized by the method according to an embodiment of the invention, as indicated above, are subjected to tests adhesion of conventional paint systems.
  • Two paint systems are tested: a water-based epoxy system (P60 + F70) and a solvent-based polyurethane system (PAC33 + PU66).
  • the tests are carried out according to the ISO 2409 standard, for dry adhesion, after drying of the paint system, and for wet adhesion: after drying of the paint system, the samples are immersed in demineralized water for 14 hours. days and then dried before undergoing the adhesion test according to the standard.
  • anodized parts are also subjected to the following conventional sealing methods: hydrothermal clogging, hot clogging with hexavalent chromium salts, hot clogging with nickel salts, according to the operating conditions indicated in Table 6 below.
  • Table 6 ⁇ u> Table 6 ⁇ / u> - operating parameters used for different clogging processes
  • Hydrothermal clogging Clogging with chromium VI salts Clogging with nickel salts
  • Composition H 2 O K 2 Cr 2 O 7 30 mg / L (CH 3 COO) 2 Ni: 10 g / L pH 6.5 6 5.5 Temperature (° C) 98 98 98 Immersion time (min.) 40 20 30
  • the parts thus treated are subjected to a salt spray test according to the ISO 9227 standard.
  • the anodizing method according to an embodiment of the invention has anticorrosion performance equivalent to chromic anodization (OAC) in combination with hydrothermal sealing or hot clogging with hexavalent chromium salts, and much better than dilute sulfo-tartaric (OAST) or sulfoboric (OASB) anodizations.
  • OAC chromic anodization
  • ASB sulfoboric
  • anode layer formed by the process according to the invention to be clogged during a post-treatment to provide him with Corrosion resistance properties could be explained by its pore size greater than 10 nm, which facilitates its hydration during hydrothermal sealing, for example, resulting in pore sealing and protection against corrosion by effect. barrier layer.
  • Aluminum alloy parts similar to those of Example 1, having previously been subjected to surface preparation steps as indicated in Example 1 above, are subjected to an anodizing process according to the invention.
  • anodizing process according to the invention.
  • the tension is maintained at the plateau value for 16 minutes.
  • the anode layer is then sealed by immersing the part in a water bath at a temperature between 98 and 100 ° C for 40 min.
  • anodic oxide / aluminum hydroxide layer with a thickness of approximately 3.5 to 4.5 ⁇ m is formed.
  • Aluminum alloy parts similar to those of Example 1, having previously been subjected to surface preparation steps as indicated in Example 1 above, are subjected to an immersion anodization method in a bath at 19 ° C. containing sulfuric acid at a concentration of 200. g / l, excluding any other compound. It is then applied to each piece a DC voltage according to the following voltage profile: voltage rise, from an initial value of 0 V, to a so-called plateau value of 16 V. The voltage is then maintained at the value of plateau for 16 minutes. Different speeds of rise in voltage are tested: 1 V / min, 20 V / min, 32 V / min.
  • the anode layer is then sealed by immersing the part in a water bath at a temperature between 98 and 100 ° C for 40 min.
  • anodic oxide / aluminum hydroxide layer approximately 4 to 4.5 ⁇ m thick is formed.
  • Aluminum alloy parts similar to those of Example 1, having previously been subjected to surface preparation steps as indicated in Example 1 above, are subjected to an anodizing process according to the invention.
  • anodizing process according to the invention.
  • the anode layer is then sealed by the clogging method C1 described in Example 1 above.
  • an anodic oxide / aluminum hydroxide layer approximately 4 to 5 ⁇ m thick is formed.
  • Aluminum alloy parts similar to those of Example 1, having previously been subjected to surface preparation steps as indicated in Example 1 above, are subjected to an anodizing process according to the invention. by immersion in a bath containing sulfuric acid at a concentration of 200 g / l, to the exclusion of any other compound. Several bath temperatures are tested, more particularly 6 ° C, 12 ° C and 25 ° C.
  • the anode layer is then sealed by the clogging method C1 described in Example 1 above.
  • the present invention achieves the objectives it has set for itself.
  • it provides a method of anodizing aluminum alloy parts that avoids the use of substances based on hexavalent chromium, while having performance, in particular in terms of corrosion resistance of the treated part, fatigue reduction and adhesion of paint coatings on the surface of the part, which are at least equivalent to those of chromic anodizing processes, and superior to those sulfuric anodizing processes proposed by the prior art .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Claims (13)

  1. A method for anodizing an aluminum or aluminum-alloy part, according to which:
    - said part is immersed in an aqueous bath essentially comprising sulfuric acid at a concentration of between 150 and 250 g/L and at a temperature of between 5 and 25°C,
    - a DC voltage is applied to said part immersed in said bath, according to a voltage profile comprising an increase in voltage at a rate of between 1 and 6 V/min, then maintaining the voltage at a so-called plateau voltage value of between 12 and 20 V,
    characterized in that the maintaining of the voltage at said plateau voltage value is carried out for a period of time adequate to obtain on the surface of said part an anodic layer with a thickness of between 3 and 5 µm, said period of time being comprised between 5 and 30 minutes.
  2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the rate of increase in voltage is equal to 3 V/min.
  3. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the plateau voltage value is between 14 and 16 V.
  4. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the concentration of sulfuric acid in the bath is between 180 and 220 g/L.
  5. The method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the concentration of sulfuric acid in the bath is equal to 200 g/L.
  6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bath temperature is between 15 and 25°C.
  7. The method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the bath temperature is between 18 and 20°C.
  8. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said part is submitted to a step of degreasing and/or pickling prior to its immersion in said bath.
  9. A method of surface treatment of a part in aluminum or in aluminum alloy, according to which said part is submitted to an anodizing method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, then to a step of sealing the anodic layer formed on said part.
  10. The method of surface treatment as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that said sealing step comprises immersing said part in an aqueous bath containing a trivalent chromium salt and an oxidizing compound.
  11. The method of surface treatment as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 10, characterized in that said sealing step comprises immersing said part in water at a temperature of between 98 and 100°C.
  12. The method of surface treatment as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the temperature of the aqueous bath containing a trivalent chromium salt and an oxidizing compound is between 20 and 80°C.
  13. The method of surface treatment as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that said sealing step comprises immersing said part successively in said aqueous bath containing a trivalent chromium salt and an oxidizing compound, and then in water at a temperature of between 98 and 100°C.
EP13703427.8A 2012-02-10 2013-02-11 Verfahren zur anodisierung von stücken aus einer aluminiumlegierung Active EP2812467B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1251273A FR2986807B1 (fr) 2012-02-10 2012-02-10 Procede d'anodisation de pieces en alliage d'aluminium
PCT/EP2013/052686 WO2013117759A1 (fr) 2012-02-10 2013-02-11 Procédé d'anodisation de pièces en alliage d'aluminium

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2812467A1 EP2812467A1 (de) 2014-12-17
EP2812467B1 true EP2812467B1 (de) 2019-01-02

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US (1) US9879355B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2812467B1 (de)
BR (1) BR112014019652B8 (de)
CA (1) CA2864107C (de)
ES (1) ES2711541T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2986807B1 (de)
MA (1) MA35901B1 (de)
MX (1) MX368584B (de)
TN (1) TN2014000339A1 (de)
TR (1) TR201902209T4 (de)
WO (1) WO2013117759A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021003140A1 (de) 2021-06-18 2021-08-12 Daimler Ag Aluminiumgehäuse

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BR112014019652A2 (de) 2017-06-20
CA2864107C (fr) 2020-12-29
FR2986807B1 (fr) 2015-05-15
WO2013117759A1 (fr) 2013-08-15
BR112014019652B8 (pt) 2021-05-18
ES2711541T3 (es) 2019-05-06
MA35901B1 (fr) 2014-12-01
BR112014019652B1 (pt) 2021-03-30
MX2014009607A (es) 2015-05-20
TN2014000339A1 (fr) 2015-12-21
BR112014019652A8 (pt) 2017-07-11
US20160047057A1 (en) 2016-02-18
MX368584B (es) 2019-10-08
FR2986807A1 (fr) 2013-08-16
US9879355B2 (en) 2018-01-30
TR201902209T4 (tr) 2019-03-21
EP2812467A1 (de) 2014-12-17
CA2864107A1 (fr) 2013-08-15

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