EP2827068B1 - Wärmepumpe mit Kaskadenregelung - Google Patents

Wärmepumpe mit Kaskadenregelung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2827068B1
EP2827068B1 EP13306044.2A EP13306044A EP2827068B1 EP 2827068 B1 EP2827068 B1 EP 2827068B1 EP 13306044 A EP13306044 A EP 13306044A EP 2827068 B1 EP2827068 B1 EP 2827068B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
condenser
evaporator
heat pump
primary
Prior art date
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EP13306044.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2827068A1 (de
Inventor
Julian Blettner
Guillame Scheidt
Sébastien Vacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BDR Thermea Group
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BDR Thermea Group
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Priority to ES13306044T priority Critical patent/ES2754074T3/es
Priority to EP13306044.2A priority patent/EP2827068B1/de
Publication of EP2827068A1 publication Critical patent/EP2827068A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers

Definitions

  • the present invention applies to the technical field of heat pumps and more specifically relates to a heat pump for producing water at high temperature, that is to say around 80 ° C, y included for outdoor temperature operation of - 15 ° C.
  • heat pumps are an interesting alternative from both an economic and an environmental point of view.
  • One of the remaining questions is related to their ability to produce very hot water, especially to adapt them to current heating systems, so that they can become a credible alternative.
  • many heating systems are planned to operate with water at steady state and high temperature, up to 80 ° C as mentioned, which is not allowed by most conventional heat pumps.
  • the most common heat pumps installed in support of heating systems are air / water pumps, which are therefore dependent on outside temperatures, and lose their ability to produce hot water at high temperatures. periods when such production is required.
  • the objective assigned to the heat pump of the present invention is the production of water at high temperature even when the external conditions are severe in terms of cold. Correlatively, this heating power must be constant, in order to be able to substitute a heat pump for a conventional boiler.
  • the solutions that have been proposed to solve this problem are mainly of two kinds.
  • the use of a steam injection cycle which consists in cooling the gases during compression to allow the compressor to reach higher pressures without reaching the maximum discharge temperature, is a possibility.
  • the cooling of the gases is obtained by a liquid-vapor mixture resulting from the expansion of the liquid refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser to bring it to a steady state. intermediate pressure.
  • the liquid is cooled by this mixture at the outlet of the condenser, and heats up to become vapor. It is this steam which, injected into the compressor, cools the compressed gases.
  • This technology makes it possible in practice to reach temperatures of the order of 65.degree. C., which are therefore insufficient with respect to the objectives previously set for the invention.
  • the heat pump of the invention consists of two successive heat pumps constituting two separate hydraulic circuits, the first to obtain water at a maximum temperature of the order of 55 ° C, and the second, in cascade with the first one, making it possible to reach a temperature of at least 80 ° C.
  • the first heat pump being of air / water type while the second is of the water / water type
  • the problem solved by the invention lies in the practical realization of their coupling and / or more generally in the management of their association, knowing that the global heat pump of the invention must be able to transmit the energy produced by the first hydraulic circuit to the network of heating when the setpoint on the heating water is lower than 55 ° C, while the energy produced by the first circuit must be transmitted to the second circuit when the setpoint on the heating water is greater than 55 ° C. It must also be possible to supply energy to the first hydraulic circuit during its defrosting cycle, knowing that under certain conditions, a layer of ice may form between the fins of the external heat exchanger of the air / heat pumps. water, thus decreasing their effectiveness.
  • the compressor of the heat pump must reverse its cycle so that the finned exchanger becomes condenser and ceases to be an evaporator, to heat the fins and defrost it.
  • the internal condenser therefore becomes an evaporator, which means that it must be supplied with energy so that defrosting can take place.
  • the invention consists primarily in that the two hydraulic circuits formed of the two cascaded heat pumps are connected by an intermediate water circuit comprising a volume of buffer water.
  • the secondary of the condenser of the first circuit is connected in parallel to the heating network and the primary of the evaporator of the second circuit whose output is also connected to the heating network, a tank and means of selecting the heating network or the second circuit being arranged between the two hydraulic circuits.
  • This intermediate circuit serves in particular to store the energy required for deicing. It also confers the desired inertia between the two circuits, allowing the compensation of the power variations of the first heat pump, operating at a lower temperature.
  • the objective is in fact to absorb any variations in the outer group in said heat pump constituting the first hydraulic circuit. It also offers the possibility of using only the "first stage", ie the first hydraulic circuit, to heat the water and supply it to the heating network, which is not possible without the existence of this intermediate circuit.
  • the selection means may consist of a three-way valve placed at one of the branches of the parallel branches to the primary of the evaporator of the second circuit and the heating network.
  • This three-way valve in practice controls a possibility of direct derivation to the heating network, without resorting to the totality of the means of the system. It makes it possible to meet one of the constraints initially set, namely the possibility for the heat pump of the invention to supply the heating circuit directly at the outlet of the first hydraulic circuit, if the temperature of 55 ° C. produced in output of the latter is considered sufficient to meet the instructions.
  • the tank of the intermediate circuit may consist of a tank forming a buffer tank, which is placed between the outlet of the primary of the evaporator of the second circuit and the inlet of the secondary of the condenser of the first circuit.
  • the balloon used may be a simple buffer tank as conventionally marketed.
  • the invention also comprises a second variant, in which the tank consists of a decoupling bottle implanted between the secondary of the condenser of the first hydraulic circuit and the primary of the evaporator of the second hydraulic circuit.
  • the flow rate of water in the condenser of the first circuit may be different from that of the evaporator of the second circuit, which is not the case in the solution used in the previous variant.
  • At least one recirculation pump can be arranged between the two hydraulic circuits, for example interposed between the tank and the secondary inlet of the condenser of the first circuit.
  • another circulation pump can be placed between the secondary outlet of the condenser of the second circuit and the heating network.
  • a circulation pump can finally also be placed between the primary outlet of the evaporator of the second circuit and the decoupling bottle, in the variant which is based on the decoupling bottle.
  • the high-temperature heat pump of the invention is actually made of two heat pumps (P1) and (P2) (or hydraulic circuits) arranged in cascade.
  • the first heat pump (P1) is a heat pump air / water, monobloc or not, whose evaporator (1) is located outside the building, symbolized by the brick wall.
  • This evaporator is connected in a conventional manner to a condenser (2) via on the one hand a compressor (3) and on the other hand an expander (4).
  • the second heat pump (P2) which is in this case a water / water heat pump, consists of an evaporator (5) connected to an outlet condenser (6) via on the one hand a compressor (7) and on the other hand an expander (8).
  • the intermediate circuit of the version appearing in figure 1 is based on a buffer tank (9) disposed between said two heat pumps (P1, P2), this tank (9) being connected to the secondary inlet of the condenser (2) of the first hydraulic circuit (P1) via a pump circulation (10).
  • This buffer tank (9) for example has a capacity of the order of 150 liters, and is fed with water obtained at the outlet of the primary of the evaporator (5) of the second hydraulic circuit (P2) and by the return pipes from the heating network.
  • a three-way valve (11) makes it possible to directly connect said heating network to the secondary outlet of the condenser (2) of the first hydraulic circuit (P1), if the temperature of the supply water of the heating network does not have to be greater than 55 ° C. Conversely, when the temperature requirement of the water supplying the heating network is greater, the three-way valve (11) connects the secondary outlet of the condenser (2) to the circuit arranged in parallel, and more specifically to the input of the evaporator primary (5) of the second heating circuit (P2) to add a heating stage for ultimately producing water at the correct temperature with respect to the heating set point.
  • This three-way valve (11) could however also be arranged at the other branch of said parallel circuits, upstream of the tank (9).
  • a circulation pump (12) is provided upstream of the heating network and at the secondary outlet of the condenser (6) of the second hydraulic circuit (P2).
  • the function of the intermediate water circuit consisting mainly of the buffer tank (9) is to provide the desired thermal inertia between the two circuits, in order to absorb any variations in the air / water heat pump ( P1), forming in this case the hydraulic circuit subjected to variations of the outside temperature.
  • This intermediate circuit also makes it possible, as previously mentioned, to supply energy to the first hydraulic circuit (P1) during its defrosting cycle, during which the operating cycle is reversed: the condenser (2) becomes an evaporator while the evaporator (1) becomes a condenser so as to heat the fins of the exchanger which constitutes it in practice.
  • the temperatures at the outlet of the primary of the evaporator (5) and at the inlet of the secondary of the condenser (2) of the first hydraulic circuit (P1) are substantially equal to the temperature of the water which is contained in the buffer tank (9) when it plays its role of guarantor of inertia.
  • FIG. figure 2 which illustrates the second variant of the invention which is described
  • the same components when they are found there, comprise the same numerical references as in the variant of FIG. figure 1 .
  • the major difference between figure 2 and the figure 1 resides in the replacement of the buffer tank (9) of the figure 1 by a decoupling bottle (13) interfacing between the first hydraulic circuit or air / water heat pump (P1) and the second hydraulic circuit or internal water / water heat pump (P2).
  • This variant also meets the needs for interfacing between the two cascading heat pumps as identified to be functions performed by the connecting element, one of the differences being that the flow of water in the condenser ( 2) of the first hydraulic circuit (P1) can in this case be different from the flow of water in the evaporator (5) of the second hydraulic circuit (P2), which is not possible in the solution of the figure 1 with a buffer tank (9).
  • the water flow rate is constant throughout the intermediate circuit interposed between the two cascade heat pumps, and there is only one circulation pump (10).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Wärmepumpe zur Versorgung eines Wärmenetzes mit Warmwasser, umfassend zwei Wärmepumpen, die zwei Hydraulikkreisläufe (P1, P2) in Kaskadenschaltung bilden, und zwar einen ersten Hydraulikkreislauf für die niedrigeren Temperaturen und einen zweiten Hydraulikkreislauf für die höheren Temperaturen, die jeweils einen Verdampfer (1, 5) und einen Verdichter (2, 6), die einerseits durch einen zwischen dem Ausgang der Sekundärseite des Verdampfers (1, 5) und dem Eingang der Primärseite des Verdichters (2, 6) angeordneten Kompressor (3, 7) und andererseits durch einen Druckminderer (4, 8) zwischen dem Ausgang der Primärseite des Verdichters (2, 6) und dem Eingang der Sekundärseite des Verdampfers (1, 5) vondeinander getrennt sind, wobei die Sekundärseite des Verdichters (2) des ersten Kreislaufs (P1) parallelgeschaltet ist mit dem Wärmenetz und der Primärseite des Verdampfers (5) des zweiten Kreislaufs (P2), dessen Ausgang ebenfalls an das Wärmenetz angeschlossen ist, wobei Mittel (11) zur Auswahl des Wärmenetzes oder des zweiten Kreislaufs (P2) zwischen den beiden Hydraulikkreisäufen (P1, P2) angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter entweder aus einem Pufferballon (9) zwischen dem sekundärseitigen Eingang des Verdampfers (5) des zweiten Kreislaufs (P2) und dem sekundärseitigen Eingang des Verdichters (2) des ersten Kreislaufs (P1) oder aus einer hydraulischen Weiche (13) zwischen der Sekundärseite des Verdampfers (2) des ersten Kreislaufs (P1) und der Primärseite des Verdampfers (5) des zweiten Kreislaufs (P2) besteht.
  2. Wärmepumpe mit zwei kaskadengeschalteten Wärmekreisläufen (P1, P2) nach vorstehendem Anspruch, dadurch gekennzneichnet, dass die Auswahlmittel aus einem Dreiwegeventil (11) an einer der Abzweigungen der parallelen Ableitungen in Richtung der Primärseite des Verdampfers (5) des zweiten Kreislaufs (P2) und des Wärmenetzes bestehen.
  3. Wärmepumpe mit zwei kaskadengeschalteten Hydraulikkreisläufen (P1, P2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Umwälzpumpe (10) zwischen den beiden Hydraulikkreisläufen (P1, P2), z.B. zwischen dem Behälter (9, 13) und dem sekundärseitigen Eingang des Verdichters (2) des ersten Kreislaufs (P1), angeordnet ist.
  4. Wärmepumpe mit zwei kaskadengeschalteten Hydraulikkreisläufen (P1, P2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Umwälzpumpe (12) zwischen dem sekundärseitigen Ausgang des Verdichters (6) des zweiten Kreislaufs (P2) und dem Wärmenetz angeordnet ist.
  5. Wärmepumpe mit zwei kaskadengeschalteten Hydraulikkreisläufen (P1, P2) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Umwälzpumpe (14) zwischen dem primärseitigen Ausgang des Verdampfers (5) des zweiten Kreislaufs (P2) und der hydraulischen Weiche (13) angeordnet ist.
EP13306044.2A 2013-07-19 2013-07-19 Wärmepumpe mit Kaskadenregelung Active EP2827068B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES13306044T ES2754074T3 (es) 2013-07-19 2013-07-19 Bomba de calor en cascada
EP13306044.2A EP2827068B1 (de) 2013-07-19 2013-07-19 Wärmepumpe mit Kaskadenregelung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13306044.2A EP2827068B1 (de) 2013-07-19 2013-07-19 Wärmepumpe mit Kaskadenregelung

Publications (2)

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EP2827068A1 EP2827068A1 (de) 2015-01-21
EP2827068B1 true EP2827068B1 (de) 2019-08-28

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ES (1) ES2754074T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3047301A1 (fr) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-04 Stephane Boulet Dispositif d’optimisation des performances d’une installation de chauffage par pompe a chaleur par l’adjonction d’une pompe a chaleur auxiliaire captant l’energie thermique dans un milieu rechargeable
EP3457050B1 (de) * 2016-05-10 2024-04-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Wärmepumpensystem
FR3052541B1 (fr) 2016-06-10 2018-06-29 Soc Ind De Chauffage Sic Installation de chauffage avec etagement hydraulique integre
CN111056582B (zh) * 2020-01-08 2024-09-20 浙江工业大学 一种双效的空气散热复叠式热泵海水淡化装置
DE102021214258A1 (de) 2021-12-13 2023-06-15 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Wärmepumpenkaskade und Verfahren zur Erwärmung oder Abkühlung eines Kühlmittels mittels einer Wärmepumpenkaskade
DE102022132793A1 (de) 2022-12-09 2024-06-20 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Heizungsanlage und Heizungsanlage

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20120136889A (ko) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-20 삼성전자주식회사 히트 펌프 보일러 및 히트 펌프 보일러 제어 방법

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Publication number Publication date
ES2754074T3 (es) 2020-04-15
EP2827068A1 (de) 2015-01-21

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