Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
  • H10F19/30—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells
  • H10F19/31—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells having multiple laterally adjacent thin-film photovoltaic cells deposited on the same substrate
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
  • H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
  • H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
  • H10F77/14—Shape of semiconductor bodies; Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of semiconductor regions within semiconductor bodies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the invention relates to photovoltaic modules and more particularly to its object, on the one hand, a photovoltaic module and, on the other hand, a method of producing such a photovoltaic module.
• Photovoltaic modules are well known and comprise a transparent or translucent substrate supporting a plurality of photovoltaic cells juxtaposed and electrically arranged in series and / or in parallel.
• US 4,853,043 discloses a photovoltaic module having a circular arrangement around a point on a substrate whose power losses due to the electrodes of the module are decreased by the creation of areas of overlap between adjacent regions of the module.
• this document does not provide a solution for improving the efficiency of a module comprising photovoltaic cells having electrical performances and / or different dimensions from each other.
• the performance of the active layers may vary according to their positioning within the sheets of semiconductor materials
• the photovoltaic cells have a predetermined width and a length adjusted according to their performance so that the output current is optimized.
• US 6,265,242 relates to the manufacture of a photovoltaic module composed of several groups of different photovoltaic cells, due to a lack of homogeneity in their manufacturing processes and proposes to minimize the disparities between the different groups of photovoltaic cells. photovoltaic cells so as to improve its efficiency.
• the photovoltaic module has an active surface of generally square or rectangular outer shape having a visual appearance of monochromatic matrix of rows and columns of cells.
• a photovoltaic cell having an active layer disposed between two electrodes, formed from several distinct compositions of polymers and arranged to form a specific pattern, in this case a camouflage pattern.
• Such an embodiment has the disadvantage, again, of being complex to achieve since it is appropriate to arrange, within a single and only active layer and according to a specific pattern, a plurality of different compositions.
• the electrical performance of such a photovoltaic cell is not optimized.
• the document US 2010/167458 which relates to a photovoltaic module adapted to replace the glazed surfaces of buildings.
• the document US 2010/167458 proposes to separate a plurality of distal electrodes of the photovoltaic module by separation channels and to form light transmission portions on the plurality of distal electrodes.
• the light transmission portions may be arranged in a matrix of rows and columns or in a particular pattern.
• this document does not provide a solution to improve the performance of modules comprising a plurality of different compositions.
• the object of the invention is to provide a delimited surface photovoltaic module having a desired final visual effect other than a monochrome matrix of rows and columns without its energy performance being affected.
• a photovoltaic module whose delimited surface may be arbitrary, offers a desired final visual effect that is varied, attractive, decorative or utilitarian.
• the subject of the invention is a photovoltaic module comprising a transparent or translucent substrate, supporting a plurality of photovoltaic cells juxtaposed according to an arrangement, a photovoltaic cell comprising at least one active layer interposed between two layers. electrode arrangement with interface layers, electrically connected by layered electrical connections, formed from electrical connection materials, with serial connection scheme constituting a macrocell and / or in parallel, in which, in combination:
• the photovoltaic module having a defined active area has a final visual effect other than a monochrome matrix of rows and columns is defined by:
• the constituent materials, the contours and the extended surface of the cells of said plurality of cells, the electrical connection diagram and the electrical connection material are determined and combined so that the electrical performance - intensity - of all the cells in series in a macrocell are ultimately identical and the electrical performance - voltage - of all cells or macrocells arranged in parallel are ultimately identical, so that the energy performance of the photovoltaic module is not affected by the fact that the photovoltaic cells ( 6) are different,
• ⁇ the contours and the extended surface of the cells of said plurality of cells are determined so that the juxtaposed cell of said plurality of cells fill said active surface delimited and that said active surface is defined by cells of said plurality of cells,
• At least part of the constituent layers of at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells of the plurality of cells and, if appropriate, layers of electrical connections are deposited by the inkjet printing technique,
• ⁇ and the constituent materials of said layers deposited by the inkjet printing technique have a selected composition adapted for printing by means of a jet printer digital ink.
• the photovoltaic module delimited surface, has a final visual effect other than a monochrome matrix of rows and columns without its energy performance is affected.
• the photovoltaic cells of said plurality of cells have a simple or multiple architecture, such as with tandem cells, or partly comprising a simple architecture and partly a multiple architecture.
• said defined active surface is simple or complex, continuous or discontinuous, solid or annular, massive or untied, regular or irregular, with limits that can be rectilinear and / or curvilinear, irregular and even tormented.
• the material constituting the active layer of a photovoltaic cell is colored, and / or a pigment is added in one of the other layers of the cell, or an optically filtering layer is added to the cell, so that some photovoltaic cells have constituent materials of absorption spectra different from those of other cells.
• the outline of a photovoltaic cell is chosen from a bank of contours comprising square, rectangular, triangular, circular, ellipsoidal, straight or curvilinear polygonal shapes and rounded more or less simple or tormented contour, so that certain photovoltaic cells have contours different from those of other cells.
• At least the active layer and / or at least the distal interface layer and / or at least the distal electrode layer is deposited by the technique inkjet printing.
• the active layer, the distal interface layer and the distal electrode layer are all deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• the active layer, the distal interface layer and the distal electrode layer are deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• At least the proximal interface layer and / or at least the proximal electrode layer is deposited by the technique
• the proximal interface layer and the proximal electrode layer are deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• At least a portion of the photovoltaic cells of the plurality of cells in particular for all the photovoltaic cells, at least the layers of electrical connections are deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• all the constituent layers, and if necessary all the layers of electrical connections are deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• all the constituent layers, and if necessary all the layers of electrical connections are deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• the constituent materials of the layers deposited by the inkjet printing technique are formulated in ink with the presence of a solvent.
• the photovoltaic module is disposed inside, externally protected by, or encapsulated in a moisture, oxygen and ultraviolet resistant envelope, in particular by or comprising a barrier material. resistant to moisture, oxygen and ultraviolet rays.
• this barrier material is chosen from the group comprising monolayer or multilayer barrier materials, organic or inorganic, in particular materials of the varnish or polymer type.
• the arrangement of the photovoltaic cells, the electrical connection diagram of the cells and the electrical connection materials, the constituent materials of the cells, their contours and their surface areas are chosen from existing libraries thereof by software optimization from the defined active surface, the final visual effect set, the fixed electrical characteristics and the requirement that the electrical performance - intensity - of cells in series in a macrocell are ultimately identical and the electrical performance - voltage - cells or macrocells arranged in parallel are ultimately identical.
• the photovoltaic cell bank comprises photovoltaic cells whose surface area is between 0.1 cm 2 and 500 cm 2 .
• the invention relates to a method for producing a photovoltaic module as just described. According to the method:
• ⁇ one has to provide a transparent or translucent substrate
• ⁇ was available the materials constituting the cells of the bank material and the electrical connection materials, at least one portion has a selected composition adapted for printing by means of a jet printer digital ink,
• the digital inkjet printer is set according to the previously determined print parameters,
• At least the active layer and / or at least the distal interface layer and / or at least the distal interface layer are printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• at least the distal electrode layer are printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• the active layer, the distal interface layer and the distal electrode layer are printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• all the photovoltaic cells of the plurality of cells print, by the inkjet printing technique, at least the active layer and / or at least the distal interface layer and / or at least the In particular, the active layer, the distal interface layer and the distal electrode layer are printed by the ink jet printing technique. According to the embodiments, at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells of the plurality of cells are printed by the inkjet printing technique, in particular for all the photovoltaic cells, at least the proximal interface layer and / or at least the proximal electrode layer, and in particular the proximal interface layer and the proximal electrode layer.
• At least a portion of the photovoltaic cells of the plurality of cells, in particular for all the photovoltaic cells, are printed by the inkjet printing technique, at least the layers of electrical connections.
• at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells of the plurality of cells are printed by the inkjet printing technique, in particular for all the photovoltaic cells, all the constituent layers, and, if appropriate, all the layers of electrical connections.
• the method comprises a final step of arranging the photovoltaic module inside, protecting the photovoltaic module externally by, or encapsulating the photovoltaic module in a moisture-resistant envelope, at a distance of oxygen and ultraviolet light, in particular by or comprising a barrier material resistant to moisture, oxygen and ultraviolet rays.
• this final step is carried out by a technique such as ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition), printing and in particular screen printing, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), lamination, or the like.
• ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
• CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
• PVD Physical Vapor Deposition
• FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, in elevation, of a possible embodiment given purely by way of indication, of a photovoltaic module according to the invention having a complex active surface in the general pseudo-ring shape, with a partially rectilinear external boundary and partially curvilinear and an ellipsoidal internal boundary, here comprising thirteen juxtaposed photovoltaic cells having a final visual effect different from that of a matrix of rows and columns, some of the photovoltaic cells having contours different from those of others and some of the photovoltaic cells having surface areas different from those of others, the contours and surface areas of the thirteen photovoltaic cells being such that they fill the active surface and that the active surface is delimited by these thirteen cells, whereas the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cells are identical.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view in elevation of an alternative embodiment given purely as an indication, of a photovoltaic module according to the invention having a rectangular surface area having a final desired visual effect of a combination of a large rectangle and a small rectangle juxtaposed in two different colors (conventionally represented in dark gray and light gray), the photovoltaic cells forming the large rectangle and the small rectangle respectively having constituent materials according to two different absorption spectra in correspondence with the two colors.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view in elevation of the photovoltaic module of FIG. 2, illustrating the photovoltaic cells forming the large rectangle and the small rectangle of two different colors, namely twenty photovoltaic cells arranged according to an electrical connection diagram in FIG. series for the large rectangle so as to form a photovoltaic macrocell, twenty-four photovoltaic cells arranged according to an electrical connection diagram in series for the small rectangle so as to form another photovoltaic macrocell, and the two photovoltaic macrocells being arranged according to a diagram of electrical connection in parallel, the photovoltaic cells for the large rectangle having surface areas different from those of the photovoltaic cells for the small rectangle, so that the electrical performance of the photovoltaic cells in series, in terms of intensity, are identical and that the The electrical performance of the photovoltaic cells in parallel, in terms of voltage, are identical.
• Figure 4 illustrates the interest of the invention in terms of obtaining a desired final visual effect attractive, decorative or utility.
• the photovoltaic module according to the invention has an active surface which schematically represents a motor vehicle and comprises three colors (conventionally represented in dark gray, medium gray and light gray).
• Figures 5A and 5B are two views analogous cross-section, schematically showing, respectively, a photovoltaic cell of simple architecture and a photovoltaic cell architecture of multiple, here a tandem cell.
• FIG. 6 is a schematic view, in elevation, illustrating the structure of a macrocell comprising here eight cells in series.
• Figure 7 is a schematic, cross-sectional, partial, of Figure 6 along line VI-VI.
• Figure 8 is a schematic elevational view illustrating a photovoltaic module comprising six macrocells, each of eight photovoltaic cells.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the encapsulation of a photovoltaic module.
• a photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention is, like any photovoltaic module, a DC electric generator when exposed to light, comprising two electrical output terminals 2a, 2b.
• the photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention has a delimited active surface 3 which has a desired final visual effect other than a simple monochrome matrix of rows and columns.
• the delimited active surface 3 may be of any shape, but it may, in combination, offer a desired final visual effect varied, attractive, decorative or utilitarian, for example for an ornamental, informative, communication purpose, or in the goal of integrating into the environment in which it is located (including its support) so as to blend in visually or otherwise visually.
• active surface is meant the extent 3a of the photovoltaic module 1 where it participates in the function of the electric generator of direct current.
• This active surface is “delimited” in the sense that it is determined by one or more lines 3b, defined, closed on themselves, and which constitute its limits. This is the meaning of the term “active surface delimited”, referenced 3.
• the photovoltaic module 1 may extend beyond the defined active surface 3, for example for constructive reasons or to allow its attachment, or for the reason that the active surface delimited 3 is discontinuous or has a general shape annular (or pseudo annular) leaving a medial zone not active in the sense that it was previously defined.
• the delimited active surface 3, of extent 3a may be simple or complex, continuous or discontinuous, solid or annular (or pseudo-annular), massive or untied, regular or irregular.
• the boundaries 3b of the defined active surface 3 may be rectilinear and / or curvilinear, possibly irregular and even tormented.
• the delimited active surface 3 has a general pseudo-ring shape, between an outer limit 3ba and an inner limit 3bb.
• the outer limit 3ba comprises three rectilinear segments 4a forming a U and a curvilinear segment 4b with point of inflection, closing the U.
• the inner limit 3bb has a shape ellipsoidal.
• this embodiment is given purely by way of indication and is intended to illustrate that the defined active surface 3 may have a complex shape, very different from the square or rectangular shape of most of the photovoltaic modules of the state of the art. the known technique.
• the defined active surface 3 has a generally rectangular shape, the outer boundary 3bc being formed of four straight segments 4c.
• the defined active surface 3 has a shape that schematically represents a motor vehicle. It has an outer limit 3bd schematically the outer contour of the vehicle and an inner limit 3be which schematizes the glass parts of the vehicle.
• the outer limit 3bd comprises rectilinear segments 4d and curvilinear segments 4e
• the inner limit 3b has a generally rectangular shape and comprises rectilinear segments 4f.
• this embodiment is given purely for illustrative purposes and is intended to illustrate that the delimited active surface 3 may have a shape providing a desired final visual effect sought, here the representation of a motor vehicle.
• the size of the active surface delimited 3 may be any, depending on the needs and constraints.
• the desired final visual effect other than a simple monochrome matrix of rows and columns previously discussed is obtained while the energy performance of the photovoltaic module 1 is not affected.
• the photovoltaic module 1 comprises, as is generally known to those skilled in the art, a substrate 5, transparent or translucent, typically in the form of a layer or plate.
• the substrate 5 is rigid or flexible. It is flat or curved.
• the substrate 5 is self-supporting or fixedly or removably associated with a load-bearing structure of a fixed construction (such as a permanent installation or a building) or a movable construction (such as a vehicle or a device in motion) or objects, devices, devices, machines for personal or collective use (clothing, tents, communication equipment ...) or portable structures.
• a bearing structure may be a profile, a frame, a wall, pads, a housing, this list, non-limiting, being given for illustrative purposes.
• the substrate 5 rigidly and rigidly supports a certain given plurality of photovoltaic cells 6 in superimposed layers formed from appropriate constituent materials.
• the photovoltaic cells 6 are integrally and irremovably associated with the face 5a of the substrate 5.
• the photovoltaic cells 6 are juxtaposed to each other in a certain arrangement.
• the photovoltaic cells 6 are arranged relative to each other in a certain order or arrangement.
• the photovoltaic cells 6 are moreover electrically connected to each other by electrical connections 7 in layers formed from electrical connection materials. Two or more photovoltaic cells 6 may be electrically connected by electrical connections 7a with a serial electrical connection scheme. Together they constitute what is called a photovoltaic macrocell 6a.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a photovoltaic macrocell embodiment 6a comprising eight photovoltaic cells 6 connected electrically in series.
• FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment with six photovoltaic macrocells 6a connected electrically in parallel, each of the six photovoltaic macrocells 6a being in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 6.
• the photovoltaic cells 6 (possibly including macrocells 6a) of the plurality of photovoltaic cells 6 are all connected by electrical connections 7a and / or 7b, with a connection diagram respectively in series and / or in parallel .
• connection diagram connection or electrical connection.
• Photovoltaic cells 6 in series are placed one after the other and are traversed by the same electric current. They then form a photovoltaic macrocell 6a, as already indicated. For photovoltaic cells 6 in parallel, they have the same voltage across the terminals.
• the photovoltaic module 1 represented in FIG. 3 comprises two photovoltaic macrocells 6aa and 6ab with a parallel electrical connection 7b, the photovoltaic macrocell 6aa comprising twenty photovoltaic cells 6c arranged according to an electrical connection diagram in series and the photovoltaic macrocell 6ab comprising twenty four photovoltaic cells 6d arranged according to a series electrical connection diagram.
• this embodiment is given only by way of limitation. In no way is it limiting.
• a photovoltaic cell 6 is of simple architecture (see FIG. 5A) or is of multiple architecture, as is the case with a tandem cell 6b (see FIG. 5B).
• the photovoltaic cells 6 of the plurality of photovoltaic cells 6 have a simple architecture, or multiple, or for a simple part and for a multiple part.
• a photovoltaic cell 6, here of simple architecture, and the associated electrical connections 7, are formed or consist of several superimposed thin layers formed from suitable constituent materials, namely constituent materials of photovoltaic cells 6 and materials constituting electrical connections 7, all of these layers being fixedly and rigidly supported by the substrate 5 on the side of its face 5a and extending parallel to this face 5a, at least.
• a layer 8 On the face 5a of the substrate 5 is fixedly and rigidly supported a layer 8 forming a first electrode or electrode electrode, electrically conductive.
• a layer 9 On the face of the layer 8 opposite the substrate 5 is fixedly and rigidly supported a layer 9 forming a first interface or proximal interface.
• an active layer On the face of the layer 9 opposite the layer 8 is fixedly and rigidly supported an active layer.
• a layer 1 1 On the face of the layer 10 opposite the layer 9 is fixedly and rigidly supported a layer 1 1 forming a second interface or distal interface.
• a layer 12 On the face of the layer 11 opposite the layer 10 is fixedly and rigidly supported a layer 12 forming a second electrode or distal electrode, electrically conductive.
• the layer 8 forming the first electrode or proximal electrode and the layer 12 forming the second electrode or distal electrode are organized structurally according to the electrical connection diagram.
• the layer 12 forming the second electrode or distal electrode has a layer extension 13 disposed transversely with respect to the substrate 5. directed to the substrate face 5a, and extending therethrough, so that an extension of this layer extension 13 forms the first or proximal electrode of said series-adjacent photovoltaic cell, while being separated from the first electrode or proximal electrode of said photovoltaic cell 6 by the first interface or proximal interface 9.
• a tandem photovoltaic cell 6a and the associated electrical connections 7 have a structure derived from that described with reference to FIG. 5A for a simple photovoltaic cell 6.
• a layer is provided. 8 forming a first electrode or proximal electrode, a layer 9 forming a first interface or a proximal interface, a first active layer 10a, a layer 14 forming a second interface or intermediate interface, a second active layer 10b, a layer 15 forming a third interface or distal interface and finally a layer 12 forming a second electrode or distal electrode.
• a cell comprises at least one active layer 10, 10a, 10b, interposed between two electrode layers 8, 12, with interface layers 9, 1 1, 14, 15, as just described.
• Each photovoltaic cell 6, 6a has a certain surface 16 extending parallel to the face 5a of the substrate 5. This surface is of a certain extent (area) and it is delimited, that is to say determined by one or several lines, defined, closed on themselves, and which constitute its limits 16a.
• seven photovoltaic cells 17a located towards the outer limit 3ba of the photovoltaic module 1 are of rectangular shape, their limits 16a being rectangles.
• Four photovoltaic cells 17b located towards the inner limit 3bb of the photovoltaic module 1 are of curvilinear triangular shape, their boundaries 16a being curvilinear right triangles.
• Two photovoltaic cells 17c located towards the outer limit 3ba of the photovoltaic module 1 are of pseudo rectangular shape, their boundaries 16a being pseudos rectangles with a curved edge.
• each of the twenty photovoltaic cells 6c of the photovoltaic macrocell 6aa and each of the twenty-four photovoltaic cells 6d of the photovoltaic macrocell 6ab is of rectangular shape, its limits 16a being a rectangle. But, each of the photovoltaic cells 6c, identical to each other, is longer and wider than each of the twenty-four photovoltaic cells 6d identical to each other.
• photovoltaic cells 18a of square shape twenty-two photovoltaic cells 18a of square shape, four photovoltaic cells 18b of rectangular triangular shape, two photovoltaic cells 18c of semi-circular shape and four photovoltaic cells 18d in the form of a quarter circle are provided. .
• the photovoltaic cells 6 of a photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention can have surfaces 16 of simple or complex, massive or untied, regular or irregular shape, the extent (area) of which is greater or less for example, may be between 0.1 cm2 and 500 cm2, and whose contours 16a, which condition their shapes, may be rectilinear and / or curvilinear, if any irregular and even tormented.
• the photovoltaic module 1 is such that, in the first place, it has a delimited active surface 3 having a desired specific defined visual effect which is other than a monochromatic matrix of rows and columns, as already indicated. .
• This specific defined visual effect is one that is in line with the desired goal of being ornamental, informative, communicative, or in order to integrate with the environment or, on the contrary, to distinguish it visually.
• This visual effect is referred to as a “desired final visual effect” or “final visual effect”.
• the desired final visual effect is defined firstly by the contour, that is to say the limits 3b, and the surface area 3a of said defined active surface 3. This is what has been exposed for example in relationship with the photovoltaic modules 1 of FIGS. 1, 2 and 4.
• the desired final visual effect is defined secondly by the arrangement of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, with respect to one another.
• This arrangement corresponds to or provides a visual appearance which is at the same time different from a matrix of rows and columns and, precisely, is analogous to the desired final visual effect.
• the final desired visual effect is defined thirdly by the fact that some of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a have materials constituting layers of absorption spectra different from those of other photovoltaic cells 6, 6a.
• the constituent material of the active layer 10, 10a, 10b of a photovoltaic cell 6, 6a is colored, and / or a pigment is added in one (or more) of the other layers 8, 9, 11, 12 , 14, 15 of the cell 6, 6a, or an optically filtering layer is added to the cell 6, 6a.
• the defined active surface 3 has a shape which schematically represents such a device. motor vehicle.
• This form is obtained by combining several forms, namely, in this case, twenty-two square shapes corresponding to the photovoltaic cells 18a, four right triangular shapes corresponding to the photovoltaic cells 18b, two semicircular shapes corresponding to the photovoltaic cells 18c, and four quadrant shapes corresponding to the photovoltaic cells 18d.
• These shapes (and cells 18a, 18b, 18c and 18d) and the arrangement of their juxtaposition are such that the delimited active surface 3 has an outer limit 3bd which schematizes the outer contour of the motor vehicle, with both the bodywork and the wheels (cells 18c and 18d), an inner limit 3be which schematizes the glass parts of the motor vehicle.
• the photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention is such that, secondly, the constituent materials, the contours 16a and the surface areas 16 of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, the electrical connection diagram of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a and finally the materials electrical connection of the electrical connections 7, are determined and combined so that the electrical performance - namely the intensity - of cells 6 in series in a macrocell 6a are ultimately identical and that the electrical performance - namely the voltage - of 6 cells or macrocells 6a arranged in parallel are ultimately identical.
• the photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention is such that, thirdly, the constituent materials, the contours 16a and the surface areas 16 of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a are determined so that the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a juxtaposed with the photovoltaic module 1 fill its active surface delimited 3 and that this active surface delimited 3 is precisely delimited by cells 6, 6a of said plurality of photovoltaic cells 6, 6a of the photovoltaic module 1.
• the twenty-two photovoltaic cells 18a, the four photovoltaic cells 18b, the two photovoltaic cells 18c, and the four photovoltaic cells 18d fill the entire delimited active area 3
• the defined active surface 3 is limited by cells, more precisely by contour portions 16a of cells 6, 6a adjacent to the outer boundary 3bd and the inner boundary 3b.
• the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a are different so as to obtain the desired final visual effect, their dimensions, their geometries, their architectures and their constituent materials, as well as their electrical connection diagrams and the electrical connection materials are chosen and determined so that the electrical performance of the different photovoltaic cells 6, 6a are ultimately identical, which has the effect that the energy performance of the photovoltaic module is not affected by the fact that the cells are different, which would be on the contrary the case if the electrical performances of the different photovoltaic cells were disparate, intensity for photovoltaic cells 6, 6a in series and voltage for the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a in parallel.
• the photovoltaic module 1 is such that, fourthly, at least a portion of the constituent layers of at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a and, if appropriate, layers of electrical connections 7 are deposited by the technique inkjet printing.
• the constituent materials of the layers deposited by the inkjet printing technique are chosen so as to have a composition which is specifically capable of printing by means of a digital ink jet printer.
• these materials intended to be deposited by the inkjet printing technique are formulated in ink with the presence of a solvent.
• inkjet printing technique makes it possible to produce with very great precision impressions of shape, extent and contours or limits very different from each other, and, as already expressed, shapes, Contours and limits, as simple as they are complex, as massive as they are loose, regular as well as irregular, as well as expanses (areas) are more or less great.
• the technique of inkjet printing is part of the general knowledge of the person skilled in the art or is easily accessible to him, and for this reason, there is no need to describe it further.
• At least the active layer 10, 10a, 10b, and / or at least the distal interface layer 11 (or the layer of intermediate interface 14) and / or at least the distal electrode layer 12 is deposited by the inkjet printing technique. More specifically, and in a particular embodiment, for at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, the active layer 10, the distal interface layer 11 (or intermediate 14) and the distal electrode layer 12 are all deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• At least the active layer 10, 10a, 10b, and / or at least the distal interface layer 15 (or the intermediate interface layer 14 and / or at least the distal electrode layer 12 is deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• the active layer 10, 10a, 10b, the distal interface layer 15 (or intermediate 14) and the distal electrode layer 12 are all filed by the inkjet printing technique.
• At least the proximal interface layer 9 and / or at least the proximal electrode layer 8 is deposited by the printing technique inkjet. More specifically, and in a particular embodiment, the proximal interface layer 9 and the proximal electrode layer 8 are all deposited by the inkjet printing technique.
• proximal interface layer 9 and / or at least the proximal electrode layer 8 is deposited by the printing technique. inkjet. More specifically, and in a particular embodiment, the proximal interface layer 9 and the proximal electrode layer 8 are all deposited by the inkjet printing technique. Also, according to one embodiment, for at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a of the photovoltaic module 1, and in particular for all the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, at least the layers of electrical connections 7 are deposited by the printing technique inkjet.
• the photovoltaic module 1 is disposed inside, protected externally by, or encapsulated in a humidity-resistant envelope 19, oxygen and ultraviolet light, in particular by or comprising a barrier material resistant to moisture, oxygen and ultraviolet rays, without impeding the operation of the cell.
• a barrier material may be chosen from the group comprising monolayer or multilayer barrier materials, organic or inorganic, in particular materials of the varnish or polymer type.
• the envelope may be made of several parts secured to each other, for example by means of a suitable adhesive.
• Such an envelope 19 allows, of course, the passage of the electrical connections and the mounting of the output terminals 2a, 2b, accessible outside the envelope 19.
• the definition of the arrangement of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a of the photovoltaic module 1 according to the invention, the electrical connection diagram of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, the electrical connection materials, the constituent materials of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, their contours and surface areas are determined on a case-by-case basis according to the general characteristics of the photovoltaic module 1 and the characteristics of the desired final visual effect and this, by implementing an optimization software.
• the optimization software is associated with existing banks concerning the arrangement of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, the electrical connection diagram, the electrical connection materials, the constituent materials of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, their contours and their surface areas. .
• an edge bank comprising square, rectangular, triangular, circular, ellipsoid, straight polygonal or curvilinear shapes and rounded contour more or less simple or tormented.
• a photovoltaic cell bank 6 comprising photovoltaic cells 6 whose surface area 16 is between 0.1 cm 2 and 500 cm 2 .
• the implementation of the optimization software involves setting the desired delimited active surface 3, the desired final visual effect, the fixed electrical characteristics.
• the software takes into account the constraint that the electrical performance - intensity - of photovoltaic cells in series in a macrocell must be ultimately identical and that the electrical performance - voltage - cells or macrocells arranged photovoltaic in parallel must be ultimately identical.
• the invention aims at both the photovoltaic module 1 as it has been described and its method of production.
• ⁇ we include a transparent or translucent substrate 5
• ⁇ was available the constituent materials of photovoltaic cells 6, 6a of the bank material and the electrical connection material 7, at least a portion has a selected composition adapted for printing with an ink jet printer digital,
• the digital inkjet printer is set according to the previously determined print parameters,
• At least a portion of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a at least the active layer 10 and / or at least the distal interface layer 15 (or the interface layer) is printed by the inkjet printing technique. intermediate 14) and / or at least the distal electrode layer 12.
• the active layer 10 For at least a portion of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, the active layer 10, the distal interface layer 15 (or intermediate 14) and the distal electrode layer are printed by the ink jet printing technique. 12.
• At least the active layer 10 and / or at least the distal interface layer 15 (or the intermediate interface layer 14) is printed by the inkjet printing technique. and / or at least the distal electrode layer 12.
• the active layer 10 For all the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, the active layer 10, the distal interface layer 15 (or intermediate 14) and the distal electrode layer 12 are printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• At least a portion of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a at least the proximal interface layer 9 and / or at least the proximal electrode layer is printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• the proximal interface layer 9 and the proximal electrode layer 8 are printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• At least the proximal interface layer 9 and / or at least the proximal electrode layer 8 is printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• the proximal interface layer 9 and the proximal electrode layer 8 are printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• At least a portion of the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, and in particular for all the photovoltaic cells 6, 6a, at least the layers of electrical connections 7 are printed by the inkjet printing technique.
• the method comprises a final step consisting in arranging the photovoltaic module 1 inside, protecting the photovoltaic module 1 outside by, or encapsulating the photovoltaic module 1 in a humidity-resistant envelope 19, oxygen and ultraviolet light, in particular by or comprising a barrier material resistant to moisture, oxygen and ultraviolet rays.
• this final step is carried out by a technique such as ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition), printing and in particular screen printing, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), lamination, or the like.

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• 2012
  • 2012-05-04 FR FR1254138A patent/FR2990300B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-04-29 EP EP13723891.1A patent/EP2845228A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-04-29 WO PCT/FR2013/050946 patent/WO2013164536A2/fr not_active Ceased

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