EP2848862A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à vapeur et dispositif destiné à l'exécution du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à vapeur et dispositif destiné à l'exécution du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2848862A1
EP2848862A1 EP14183005.9A EP14183005A EP2848862A1 EP 2848862 A1 EP2848862 A1 EP 2848862A1 EP 14183005 A EP14183005 A EP 14183005A EP 2848862 A1 EP2848862 A1 EP 2848862A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
analysis device
parameter
liquid
rule
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14183005.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2848862B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus-Hinrich Koch
Hannes Stadler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2848862A1 publication Critical patent/EP2848862A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/56—Boiler cleaning control devices, e.g. for ascertaining proper duration of boiler blow-down
    • F22B37/565—Blow-down control, e.g. for ascertaining proper duration of boiler blow-down

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a steam boiler according to claim 1 and an apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 11.
  • Steam boilers are used to generate steam, for example for industrial applications.
  • a steam boiler which encloses an interior pressure-tight except for inlets and outlets, fed a liquid and heated within the boiler to the boiling point. The resulting steam then flows out of the steam boiler and is used for technical applications. Most of the steam condenses in the technical application or a downstream condenser and is passed as liquid through appropriate facilities back into the boiler.
  • the liquid used is water.
  • the evaporation of water leads within the boiler to a concentration of dissolved components, which do not evaporate.
  • the disadvantage of this is that it can lead to a foaming of the water in the boiler and increases the moisture of the steam as a result. This can adversely affect the downstream technical application, especially in terms of efficiency and damage.
  • the concentration also leads to settling of components, which can lead to sediment in the boiler. This sediment then inhibits the transfer of heat from a heat source to the liquid in the boiler, reducing the efficiency of the boiler.
  • the efficiency is the ratio between the applied thermal power (of a burner) and dissipated net power (of the steam).
  • the concentration can be encountered in the prior art by a regular or interval removal / discharge of liquid from the boiler, with simultaneous addition of fresh liquid.
  • this is effected in the form of a discharge at the geodesic lower end of the boiler, so that settled components, the so-called sludge, is withdrawn from the boiler (sludge).
  • a disadvantage of a discharge of liquid from the steam boiler is the associated loss of energy, because it is already discharged heated liquid. Accordingly, both the concentration and the discharge have a negative effect on the efficiency of the steam boiler.
  • the invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a method which is suitable to optimize the efficiency of a steam boiler. It should be economically and ecologically sensible and feasible in a simple manner.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a steam boiler having an interior, a supply line for supplying liquid, a steam outlet, a discharge line for discharging liquid from the boiler and a boiler control, wherein an analysis device is provided, with a recording, processing and evaluating at least one (state) parameter (of the steam boiler) by means of at least one rule stored in the analysis device.
  • the discharge pipe should open out of the steam boiler at the geodesic lower end, ie at the boiler bottom, so that separated components, the so-called sludge or the sludge, can be removed from the boiler.
  • the steam boiler can be supplemented by a return line, so that the discharged steam after an industrial application back into the boiler is conductive, preferably condensed as a liquid. This gives little energy to the environment. This also increases the efficiency of the steam boiler.
  • a receiving vessel is preferably arranged, in which the liquid is first collected.
  • the supply line can also open into this storage vessel so that the inflow of fresh liquid and the return of older liquid in the receiving vessel are mixed. Behind the receiving vessel, the supply and return line then share a common line section, which opens into the boiler.
  • the operating states of the steam boiler such as valve positions
  • their circuitry should also be included, as their circuitry often triggers parameter changes that are intentional or systemic.
  • a rule for at least one parameter is entered in the analysis device.
  • Rules may be passive depending on the type, e.g. be set by table books, or individually be actively determined and set, in particular by provisions in the operation of the boiler.
  • a rule then preferably defines itself as the maximum deviation of the actual parameter from a target specification. Hints not only provide the absolute parameter values, but also their rate of change. Slow changes usually result from slow wear or contamination. Fast changes are usually the result of operational changes by the boiler control, but can also be distinctive for a defect.
  • Passive rules often do not take into account all the peculiarities of the steam boiler and its periphery. Actively set rules can no longer cope with the actual situation due to changing circumstances, e.g. when replacing the burner, changing the fuel or the composition of the liquid used.
  • This can be remedied by supplementing the method in which at least one maintained rule for a parameter in the analysis device is replaced. Preferably, it can be individually determined for each rule whether it is replaced. This means that already collected data concerning the non-replaced rules will remain usable for future analyzes.
  • a more detailed embodiment of the method provides that the analysis device has a parameter prognosis based on recorded and / or edited parameter values.
  • a variant of the invention proposes that the analysis device output a signal if a parameter or its parameter change violates a defined rule.
  • the receiver of the signal can then take appropriate countermeasures to remedy the cause of the rule violation. Since a steam boiler and its periphery can consist of numerous components which an installer couples with one another, it may be necessary to send a message to the installer, the operator or a service provider in order to be able to intervene manually.
  • Such a message may include, according to a particular embodiment of the method, issuing a warning to preventively indicate a predicted event (predicted rule violation). Or an alarm is issued to indicate an event that has already occurred (actual rule violation). At least one message is available on the steam boiler control. In addition, with given hardware requirements, a message can also be sent by e-mail and / or SMS to the operator and / or customer service.
  • the analysis device outputs a parameter profile of a parameter over time up to a time at which the parameter or its parameter change violates a rule.
  • a trained person can easily recognize a cause of the error.
  • the analyzer determines, as the first parameter, an actual energy loss during a discharge of liquid through the discharge line, wherein a flow rate of the discharged liquid over time is determined. On the basis of previously determined energy losses of actual discharges, an energy loss forecast for a further discharge over time is then prepared. Furthermore, a current boiler efficiency is determined and a boiler efficiency prognosis over time is created taking into account the energy loss forecast. Now a determination is made the optimal time for the next discharge by maximizing boiler efficiency taking into account the energy loss forecast. Subsequently, the analysis device triggers an ejection at a certain optimal time.
  • An advantage of this is that both the decreasing efficiency of the boiler based on a concentration and the energy losses are taken into account in a lowering of the concentration by a discharge.
  • a maximum efficiency of the boiler over time is achieved.
  • the efficiency of the boiler decreases with increasing concentration and the energy losses for a discharge increase simultaneously with time. The latter in particular because with increasing operating time more liquid must be discharged to reduce the concentration of components in the liquid in the boiler again.
  • the discharges can now be optimally scheduled with regard to the efficiency of the steam boiler.
  • the cost and emissions of steam boiler operation are low relative to the generation of a requested output.
  • the process is also automated and therefore easy and convenient to carry out.
  • the triggering of the discharge by the analysis device is preferably carried out by transmitting a signal to the boiler control, which performs the discharge, preferably by driving and opening a valve in the discharge line.
  • the analyzer for determining the (actual) energy loss in a discharge of liquid through the discharge line performs a determination of a temperature of the discharged liquid, preferably over time. Subsequently, an enthalpy flow is calculated based on the flow rate and the temperature of the discharged liquid. The enthalpy current over the period of the discharge corresponds to the energy loss. Preferably, the determination of the temperature takes place immediately behind a valve in the discharge line. If a heat recovery from the discharged liquid is provided, the energy loss can be adjusted by the recovered energy.
  • An alternative or additional embodiment of the method provides a determination of the internal pressure of the tank for determining the actual energy loss in the case of a discharge of liquid through the discharge line. Subsequently, an enthalpy flow is calculated based on the flow rate of the discharged liquid and the internal pressure of the tank. About the boiler pressure can be determine the associated boiling temperature of the liquid. This can be used to convert the flow rate into an enthalpy flow. For this purpose, an already existing pressure sensor with the analysis device can be coupled.
  • the current boiler efficiency is determined based on average boiler efficiency over a defined period of time.
  • the result is not distorted by fluctuations.
  • the period may be short, e.g. after minutes, or long, e.g. be measured by days.
  • the defined period should be (significantly) shorter than the time span between two rejections.
  • the supplied (thermal) power and the dissipated net power can be determined and set in relation to each other, in particular over the defined period of time.
  • the power supplied is preferably determined by measuring the quantity of fuel used, e.g. Gas or oil. If there is no quantity measuring device for this fuel quantity, the supplied power can alternatively be determined by the so-called burner load request, which specifies the default value of the requested service; in particular by scaling the burner load requirement to the actual burner output and integration over the defined period.
  • fuel used e.g. Gas or oil.
  • burner load request specifies the default value of the requested service; in particular by scaling the burner load requirement to the actual burner output and integration over the defined period.
  • a quantitative measurement of the steam is preferably carried out. Subsequently, the amount of steam measured over the defined period of time is integrated with the enthalpy difference between the steam and the supplied or returned liquid over the defined period of time.
  • a quantity measurement of the added and / or recirculated liquid is suitable for determining the net power.
  • the measured amount of liquid By multiplying the measured amount of liquid with the enthalpy difference between the vapor and the recirculated liquid as well as integration over the defined period, one also obtains the net power.
  • a development of the invention provides that the determination of the actual energy loss in a discharge of liquid through the discharge line using a first temperature sensor in the region of the discharge line for determining the temperature of the liquid discharged, preferably over time, and by means of a second temperature sensor for determining the ambient temperature of the boiler takes place.
  • the method can be supplemented by determining a delay time for the analysis, which specifies the duration between a valve circuit in the discharge line and an increase in the temperature at the first temperature sensor by a defined amount.
  • the first temperature sensor should be arranged for this purpose on the side facing away from the boiler of the valve. If the delay time is long and the pressure in the boiler is in the normal range, it can be concluded that a correct valve function and any leaks in the valve.
  • the determination of a maximum temperature rise is possible, which indicates the difference between the temperature of the first temperature sensor at valve switching and maximum reached at valve opening temperature. Changes in the rise can detect contamination in the discharge line and in the valve.
  • a decay time can be determined, which indicates a duration between reaching the maximum temperature at the opening position of the valve and decreasing the temperature at the first temperature sensor by a defined temperature difference in the closed position of the valve, wherein the defined temperature difference between the maximum temperature and the ambient temperature.
  • the discharged liquid cools with a certain temperature profile in the pipe. Does that change? Profile, for example, the cooling is slower, can thus close to a leak in the valve.
  • the discharge can thus be designed so that as little liquid is discharged from the boiler. Accordingly, little energy is lost.
  • the opening positions and opening times of the valve in the discharge line can be varied.
  • a development of the invention provides that a boiler contamination is determined, namely by determining a ratio between a Brennerlastvorgabe- or feedback and an exhaust gas temperature of a combustion device (a burner), which supplies heat to the boiler.
  • the exhaust gas temperature follows the course of the load specification or feedback with a time offset.
  • This offset can be determined as a target value and maintained as a rule in the analysis unit.
  • the position of the maxima and minima of the curves of load specification or feedback as well as exhaust gas temperature can be compared with each other. Alternatively, it is possible to minimize the sum of the least squares when the load and temperature values are compared directly. It is also possible to combine both methods for determining the offset.
  • the determination of the ratio between the Brennerlastvorgabe- or feedback and the exhaust gas temperature is preferably adjusted by the offset.
  • the number of burner starts could be determined in a variant of the invention with the analysis device. With this knowledge, the burner starts can then be reduced to a minimum, whereby energy losses during pre-and Nachllibraryphasen the burner can be avoided.
  • an indication of the frequent burner starts is simply outputted to bring about manual changes, in particular visually via the boiler control. This hint may contain suggestions for optimization.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus for performing the method described above, with a steam boiler, from which opens a discharge line, and with a quantity sensor for determining a flow rate in the discharge line and an analysis device for recording, processing and Evaluation of at least one state parameter, wherein at least one rule for evaluation is stored in the analysis device.
  • the device With such a device, it is possible to monitor the state of the boiler and to draw conclusions on its efficiency. Based on the obtained monitoring information, targeted measures can be taken to increase efficiency.
  • the other advantages according to the method can be realized accordingly with such a device.
  • the device can be supplemented accordingly by the respective device features necessary according to the device.
  • Fig. 1 If one recognizes a steam boiler 1. This surrounds a hollow interior 2 with boiler bottom 15. The interior 2 is partially, namely up to a level line, filled with liquid 100. At the geodesic upper end of the boiler 1, a steam outlet 4 opens. This is connected via a steam line 16 with a consumer 9. From the consumer 9 performs a return line 10 back into the boiler 1. It opens in particular below the liquid line in the boiler 1 a.
  • an inflow valve 17 is arranged via which the supply of liquid 100 is releasable and lockable.
  • Both the return line 10 and the feed line 3 initially open into a common feed vessel 30.
  • the recirculating liquid 100 is collected and mixed with fresh liquid 100, which replaces any lost liquid 100.
  • the return line 10 and the supply line 3 share a common line section. In this is the inflow valve 17th
  • a second discharge line 40 discharges from the steam boiler 1. This serves for desalination.
  • the orifice is just below the level line of the liquid 100.
  • a second discharge valve 42, a second temperature sensor 44 and a second quantity sensor 46 are arranged in the second discharge line 40.
  • the second temperature sensor 44 and the second quantity sensor 46 are each communicatively connected to the analysis device 6.
  • an outside temperature sensor 8 is provided, which is also connected to the analysis device 6.
  • the burner 20 which supplies heat to the liquid 100 in the steam boiler 1.
  • the burner 20 has a heat exchanger 22. This is performed, inter alia, as a horizontal flame tube 22, which passes through the interior 2 of the boiler 1. It is below the level line.
  • a boiler control 7 is provided which is connected to the burner 20, the first discharge valve 11, the second discharge valve 42 and the inflow valve 17.
  • the three valves 11, 17, 42 are electrically adjustable by the boiler control 7.
  • the boiler control 7 is communicatively connected to the analysis device 6.
  • the boiler controller 7 is communicatively connected to a pressure sensor 19 for determining a boiler internal pressure and an exhaust gas temperature sensor 21 in the region of the flame tube 22.
  • the exhaust gas temperature sensor 21 is located downstream of the steam boiler 1 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • the analysis device 6 may optionally be designed as part of the boiler control 7.
  • the supply line 3 and the return line 10 separately in the steam boiler. 1 to open.
  • a feed vessel 30 is then arranged in the return line 10.
  • a possible sensor for a level indicator that is, the height of the liquid line in the interior 2 of the boiler. 1

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP14183005.9A 2013-09-09 2014-09-01 Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à vapeur et dispositif destiné à l'exécution du procédé Active EP2848862B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013218012.8A DE102013218012A1 (de) 2013-09-09 2013-09-09 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Dampfkessels und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2848862A1 true EP2848862A1 (fr) 2015-03-18
EP2848862B1 EP2848862B1 (fr) 2016-05-04

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EP14183005.9A Active EP2848862B1 (fr) 2013-09-09 2014-09-01 Procédé de fonctionnement d'une chaudière à vapeur et dispositif destiné à l'exécution du procédé

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EP (1) EP2848862B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013218012A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2014136358A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115314498A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-11-08 武汉涛初科技有限公司 一种基于人工智能的工业锅炉运行在线实时监测预警云平台

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6655322B1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2003-12-02 Chemtreat, Inc. Boiler water blowdown control system
EP1584866A2 (fr) * 2004-04-08 2005-10-12 Autoflame Engineering Limited Appareil et méthode pour mesurer le total des solides dissous dans un générateur de vapeur

Family Cites Families (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3377994A (en) * 1966-08-17 1968-04-16 Frederick H. Horne Steam generating system
US3610208A (en) * 1969-07-25 1971-10-05 Douglas E Penning Boiler protective system
US3680531A (en) * 1971-04-22 1972-08-01 Chemed Corp Automatic boiler blowdown control
US4465026A (en) * 1983-03-07 1984-08-14 Carberry Victor V Automatic boiler blowdown system including blowdown sequence control
US4639718A (en) * 1984-04-02 1987-01-27 Olin Corporation Boiler blowdown monitoring system and process for practicing same
US6520122B2 (en) * 2001-04-04 2003-02-18 Autoflame Engineering Ltd. Pressurized steam boilers and their control
US20030226794A1 (en) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-11 Coke Alden L. Steam boiler scale inhibitor, sludge (TSS) and TDS control, and automatic bottom blow-down management system
US7409301B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2008-08-05 Cleaver-Brooks, Inc. Boiler water level monitoring and control system
GB0408102D0 (en) * 2004-04-08 2004-05-12 Autoflame Eng Ltd Total dissolved solids

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6655322B1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2003-12-02 Chemtreat, Inc. Boiler water blowdown control system
EP1584866A2 (fr) * 2004-04-08 2005-10-12 Autoflame Engineering Limited Appareil et méthode pour mesurer le total des solides dissous dans un générateur de vapeur

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115314498A (zh) * 2022-08-16 2022-11-08 武汉涛初科技有限公司 一种基于人工智能的工业锅炉运行在线实时监测预警云平台

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Publication number Publication date
DE102013218012A1 (de) 2015-03-12
EP2848862B1 (fr) 2016-05-04
RU2014136358A (ru) 2016-03-27

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