EP2853684A1 - Procédé de production de travail mécanique - Google Patents

Procédé de production de travail mécanique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2853684A1
EP2853684A1 EP14186740.8A EP14186740A EP2853684A1 EP 2853684 A1 EP2853684 A1 EP 2853684A1 EP 14186740 A EP14186740 A EP 14186740A EP 2853684 A1 EP2853684 A1 EP 2853684A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
expansion machine
machine according
resonance line
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14186740.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Matthias Knopf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ATA50625/2013A external-priority patent/AT514817B1/de
Priority claimed from ATA50624/2013A external-priority patent/AT514816B1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2853684A1 publication Critical patent/EP2853684A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines
    • F01B17/04—Steam engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines
    • F01B17/022—Engines with fluid heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
    • F01B7/16—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with pistons synchronously moving in tandem arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L21/00—Use of working pistons or pistons-rods as fluid-distributing valves or as valve-supporting elements, e.g. in free-piston machines
    • F01L21/02—Piston or piston-rod used as valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for obtaining mechanical work from the expansion of a fluid in an expansion machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • turbomachinery The extraction of mechanical work by expansion of fluids, for example, but not exclusively water vapor, is almost exclusively at higher power using turbomachinery, as they have high efficiencies in a compact and inexpensive construction.
  • piston engines are still competitive in the area of lower powers, for example in the kilowatt range, since turbo engines can only achieve relatively low efficiencies here.
  • the present invention relates to such reciprocating engines and methods of operating such reciprocating engines for expanding fluids in general and water vapor in particular.
  • the present invention is suitable for all types of reciprocating engines, including for rotary piston engines.
  • the piston in the cylinder is moved back and forth in a straight line.
  • a first and a second cylinder are provided with a common axis and in the first and in the second cylinder, a first and a second piston are arranged to be movable.
  • the two pistons are interconnected by a common piston rod.
  • Such a method is realized, for example, by so-called DC steam engines.
  • This type of steam engine has the advantage that the inflow and outflow of steam occur at opposite ends of the cylinder, i.e. that the steam flows through the cylinder in only one direction and therefore can adjust in the longitudinal direction a temperature gradient in the cylinder. This reduces the risk of condensation effects in the cylinder and has a positive effect on the efficiency.
  • Such steam engines have achieved considerable success in the design stump in various applications.
  • the US 1,798,816 A shows a work machine having a single cylinder with a reciprocally movable piston which is acted upon on both sides.
  • the fluid is fed via a spool and inlet lines to the lateral cylinder heads and introduced there into the cylinder. Even with such a machine, a hard run is observed.
  • Object of the present invention is to develop the method described above so that these disadvantages are overcome and high efficiency and quiet running can be achieved. Another object is to provide a structurally simple expansion machine, with which such a method can be performed.
  • the fluid is guided downstream of the control means in each case via a resonance line to the inlet openings.
  • the purpose of the resonance line is to cause a certain delay in the inflow of the fluid into the cylinder, which in particular benefits a smooth running.
  • a particularly high efficiency can be achieved by reheating the fluid downstream of a spool.
  • the temperature of the cylinder contents decreases during the expansion, which reduces the efficiency by the associated pressure drop accordingly.
  • This disadvantage can be mitigated by the reheating, especially if the reheating is effective over a not insignificant part of the expansion.
  • the inlet of the fluid into the cylinders is controlled by inlet valves.
  • the inlet of the fluid into the cylinders may also be controlled by the common piston rod.
  • outlet openings in a region remote from the common cylinder head are opened by the pistons. This makes it possible to get along completely without control valves.
  • a particularly smooth running of the machine is achieved in that the fluid takes place from an inflow chamber via a resonance line into the cylinder.
  • the resonance line has the task, a certain delay in the inflow cause the fluid in the cylinder, which in particular a soft run benefits.
  • the reheating described above can be carried out so particularly advantageous.
  • the invention also relates to an expansion machine with a cylinder in which a piston is movably arranged, with a control means for controlling the inlet of the fluid into the cylinder, with at least one inlet opening for the cylinder and with at least one outlet opening for the cylinder.
  • a first and a second cylinder are provided, in each of which a first and a second piston is arranged to be movable.
  • the two pistons are interconnected by a common piston rod.
  • the first and the second cylinder are arranged with a common axis on both sides of a common cylinder head is particularly advantageous.
  • at least one resonance line is provided for each cylinder, which is arranged between the control means and the inlet opening. Due to the resonance line gas-dynamic effects are achieved, which lead to an increase in efficiency and ensure a smooth running.
  • the dynamic flow effects cause, in particular, that in the region of top dead center, during the opening of the control means in the resonance line is not a state of equilibrium, but a pressure drop, which degrades only slowly due to the length and the small diameter of the resonance line.
  • a Nachström bin is effected even after the closing of the spool, which has a positive effect on smoothness and efficiency.
  • the resonance line is long and thin.
  • the resonance line has a length which is between ten times and a thousand times, preferably between twenty and five hundred times the hydraulic diameter at its narrowest point.
  • the hydraulic diameter corresponds with circular cross-sections of the geometric inner diameter, otherwise four times the cross-sectional area, divided by the wetted perimeter.
  • control means are formed as fixedly connected to the piston rod spool with recesses.
  • the piston rod is designed as a control slide.
  • control means are designed as inlet valves.
  • a common inflow chamber is provided for both cylinders.
  • unwanted pressure drops can be largely avoided if the common inflow has a volume which has at least one sixth, preferably at least half of the stroke volume of a cylinder.
  • undesirable pressure fluctuations in the supply network upstream of the inflow chamber can be minimized.
  • At least one heat exchanger is provided for reheating the fluid.
  • heat can also be supplied during the expansion movement of the piston, which leads to a corresponding improvement in efficiency, since an approximation to the inherently less favorable isothermal expansion is achieved.
  • a further improvement in the efficiency can be achieved by providing a bypass line that is shorter than the resonance line in parallel with the resonant line. It is particularly simple when the bypass line is controlled by the spool.
  • the resonance line is expanded in the manner of a diffuser in the region of the inlet opening, wherein the flow cross-section at the inlet opening is preferably extended between 10% and 300%.
  • the flow in the resonance line is accelerated as it flows into the cylinder, resulting in an improved filling and an increase in the efficiency.
  • the expansion machine according to the invention is designed as a free-piston engine. This can be used in particular in such a way that a linear generator for generating electrical current is connected to the pistons.
  • crank drive may be conventionally connected to the pistons.
  • FIGS. Show it: Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the invention schematically in section, the Fig. 2 an alternative variant in an analog representation and Fig. 3 another embodiment.
  • the expansion machine of Fig. 1 consists of a cylinder block 1, which comprises a common cylinder head 2, to which a first cylinder 3 and a second cylinder 4 connect.
  • a first piston 5 and in the second cylinder 4 a second piston 6 is movable in the axial direction.
  • the pistons 5, 6 are connected by a common piston rod 7 firmly together.
  • the first piston 5 is shown near its top dead center so that the second piston 6 is near its bottom dead center.
  • an inflow chamber 8 is provided, which is continuously supplied via a supply line 9 with pressurized fluid, in the present case live steam.
  • the volume of the inflow chamber 8 is approximately 60% of the stroke volume of one of the cylinders 3, 4.
  • a first resonant line 10 is led out of the cylinder head 2 and is in permanent communication with the first cylinder chamber 12.
  • a second resonant line 11 is also led out of the cylinder head 2 and communicates with the second cylinder chamber 13 in permanent connection.
  • the piston rod 7 is formed by recesses 14 as a control slide in order to establish a connection between the inflow chamber 8 and the upstream end of the respective resonance line 10, 11 in the region of top dead center of the pistons 5, 6.
  • Heat exchangers 15 are used for additional heating of the fluid in the resonant lines 10, 11, so when operating with steam overheating of the steam, with only the heat exchanger 15 are shown on the first resonant lines 10 for simplicity of illustration.
  • the outlet openings 16 are opened in order to allow the expanded fluid to flow out.
  • the resonance line 10 serves as a buffer volume, which reduces the compression work.
  • Fig. 2 The variant of Fig. 2 is different from that of Fig. 1 in that an additional connection between the upstream end of the resonance line 10 and the cylinder space 12 is realized by a bypass line 19.
  • An analogous connection through a further bypass line between the inflow chamber 8 and the second cylinder chamber 13 is not shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the bypass line 19 is opened in the expansion movement by a control edge 20 after the spool 7 has interrupted the connection between the inflow chamber 8 and the upstream end of the resonance line 10. Through this additional connection, the throttle losses in the resonant line 10 can be reduced.
  • An analog connection through the bypass line 19 during the compression phase also serves to reduce flow losses.
  • valves 14a, 14b which form the control means here.
  • These can be mechanical (eg via cams) or electromagnetically actuated.
  • the valve control makes it possible to adapt the control times to load and operating frequency in a map-controlled manner.
  • the present invention makes it possible to present work machines that have a simple structure and high efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
EP14186740.8A 2013-09-27 2014-09-29 Procédé de production de travail mécanique Withdrawn EP2853684A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50625/2013A AT514817B1 (de) 2013-09-27 2013-09-27 Verfahren zur Gewinnung mechanischer Arbeit
ATA50624/2013A AT514816B1 (de) 2013-09-27 2013-09-27 Verfahren zur Gewinnung mechanischer Arbeit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2853684A1 true EP2853684A1 (fr) 2015-04-01

Family

ID=51660335

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14186740.8A Withdrawn EP2853684A1 (fr) 2013-09-27 2014-09-29 Procédé de production de travail mécanique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2853684A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL56533C (fr) *
GB191016274A (en) 1910-07-07 1910-11-24 Arthur George Bloxam Improvements in Steam Engines.
US1798816A (en) 1920-06-01 1931-03-31 Robert C Stevens Steam engine
DE3215487A1 (de) 1982-04-26 1983-11-03 Günter 4500 Osnabrück Osterburg Kolbendampfmotor mit integriertem verdichter
US4783966A (en) * 1987-09-01 1988-11-15 Aldrich Clare A Multi-staged internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL56533C (fr) *
GB191016274A (en) 1910-07-07 1910-11-24 Arthur George Bloxam Improvements in Steam Engines.
US1798816A (en) 1920-06-01 1931-03-31 Robert C Stevens Steam engine
DE3215487A1 (de) 1982-04-26 1983-11-03 Günter 4500 Osnabrück Osterburg Kolbendampfmotor mit integriertem verdichter
US4783966A (en) * 1987-09-01 1988-11-15 Aldrich Clare A Multi-staged internal combustion engine

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