EP2862255A2 - Dispositif de commutation pour une batterie et procédé de commutation correspondant - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation pour une batterie et procédé de commutation correspondant

Info

Publication number
EP2862255A2
EP2862255A2 EP13717496.7A EP13717496A EP2862255A2 EP 2862255 A2 EP2862255 A2 EP 2862255A2 EP 13717496 A EP13717496 A EP 13717496A EP 2862255 A2 EP2862255 A2 EP 2862255A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cells
battery
charge
switching
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13717496.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joerg Ziegler
Thomas Plum
Marcus Preissner
Johanna May
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2862255A2 publication Critical patent/EP2862255A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Details of circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/575—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/96—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device for a battery.
  • the invention further relates to a method for interconnecting cells of a battery.
  • DE 21 2008 000 035 111 discloses a high-frequency inverter for converting a DC voltage generated by at least one solar module via at least one input DC / DC converter, an intermediate circuit and an output DC / AC converter into an AC voltage for supplying consumers and or for feeding into a supply network.
  • the input DC / DC converter is connected to a control device.
  • US 2004/0125618 A1 discloses a power converter system which interconnects various types of electrical power sources and provides a defined type of electrical power, for example a standard mains voltage supply for a load. Each of the electrical power sources is electrically isolated from the load and also against each other. A corresponding input transducer is connected to each power source.
  • the invention provides a switching device for a battery, comprising:
  • control device a control device; and - Switch; wherein by means of the controlled by the controller switch cells of the battery can be variably interconnected such that a terminal voltage of the battery is substantially independent of a state of charge of the cells.
  • the invention provides a method for interconnecting cells of a battery, comprising the following steps:
  • Terminal voltage of a battery with rechargeable cells should be substantially independent of a state of charge of the cells.
  • the battery can be better connected to an inverter of a DC voltage generator.
  • the constancy of a DC link voltage of the inverter is favored by the constant terminal voltage of the battery.
  • the inverter of the battery can be designed to be more power-optimized in an advantageous manner, for example, a voltage swing of the inverter can be lower.
  • DC voltage generator be less lossy and cheaper to manufacture.
  • An advantageous development of the switching device provides that for determining the state of charge electrical voltages of each cell of the battery are determined.
  • a preferred embodiment of the switching device provides that cell modules are interconnected with at least one cell. This advantageously makes it possible to use a simplified switch mechanism, since a number of cell modules is generally smaller than a number of cells.
  • An advantageous development of the switching device provides that by means of the switch, a defined number of cells in series and / or can be connected in parallel. As a result, it is advantageously possible to generate very flexible switching structures or switching composites of cells, as a result of which an outwardly acting terminal voltage of the battery can be set very finely.
  • the terminal voltage of the battery is adapted to an intermediate circuit voltage of an inverter of a DC voltage generator.
  • the battery is adapted to an optimal working range of the inverter, whereby the electrical converter of the battery advantageously a lower voltage swing
  • An advantageous embodiment of the switching device provides that the switching device is disposed within the battery. This is advantageous one
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that, for a frequency of interconnecting the cells and / or forming a switching interconnection of the cells, a state of charge of each individual cell is taken into account. This advantageously causes a balancing of the cells.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method provides that electrical voltages are determined by each individual cell or cell modules with a plurality of cells. As a result, on the one hand a direct measurement of the cell voltages is carried out, whereby a quality of the individual cells is determined. Alternatively, a module measurement is performed on cell modules having a plurality of cells, wherein in each case an electrical voltage of a switching group of cells is measured. From a difference of module voltages can be concluded that charge states of single cells.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method provides that cells are cyclically removed from the switching network during interconnection and taken into the switching network.
  • Switching group depends. This advantageously takes into account the fact that a change in a state of charge of the cell depends on a current intensity of a charging current. As a result, charge states of the individual cells can be taken into account individually for each cell.
  • An advantageous development of the method provides that always a defined number of cells remains excluded from the switching network, wherein the recessed cells are exchanged cyclically. This ensures that in each case a defined number of cells is provided in the switching network, which is advantageous in conjunction with the cyclic replacement of the recessed cells, a uniform state of charge of the cells is supported.
  • Debalancing of the cells depends to a high degree on a current strength. Thus, a debalancing of cells can be counteracted in this way.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method provides that the cells are connected in such a way that the cells of the switching networks comprise the largest possible number of cells. This will advantageously a maximum number of cells in the Switching group added, creating a maximum number of cells on
  • Fig. 1 a shows a configuration with a DC voltage generator
  • Fig. 1b shows a further configuration with a DC voltage generator and a battery according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a switching device according to the invention
  • 3a shows a configuration of a switching network according to the invention of cells of a battery
  • 3b shows a further configuration of a switching network according to the invention of cells of a battery
  • FIG. 4 shows a configuration of a DC power generation system
  • the DC voltage generator 4 may be formed, for example, as a photovoltaic system with a plurality of panels which generate a DC voltage and this to a conversion into an inverter 5 feed.
  • the inverter 5 has internally a DC / DC converter 5a (DC-DC converter) and an AC / DC converter 5b (DC / AC converter), wherein between the DC / DC converter 5a and the AC / DC converter 5b, an intermediate circuit 6 is arranged , An output voltage of the inverter 5 feeds an electrical network 8 (e.g., household AC mains) and / or supplies electrical consumers.
  • an electrical network 8 e.g., household AC mains
  • a battery 2 with rechargeable cells (not shown) is provided in the system, which feeds a DC voltage into an inverter 5, wherein an output voltage of the inverter 5 also feeds the network 8 and / or supplies electrical consumers.
  • the inverter 5 of the battery 2 includes a bi-directional (two-way current flow possible) AC / DC converter 5 b and a DC / DC converter 5 a for setting the currently required charging or
  • the battery 2 is connected directly to a DC link 6 of the inverter 5 of the DC voltage generator 4 via a DC / DC converter 5 a. In this way one needs compared to the configuration of Fig. 1 a one less transducer.
  • the DC / DC converter 5 a may have to perform high voltage strokes to a required voltage level for the intermediate circuit 6 of the inverter. 5 provide.
  • the DC / DC converter 5a of the battery 2 with respect to a
  • Switching mechanism provides by means of a variable, dynamic interconnection of the cells of the battery 2 as constant a terminal voltage of the battery 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the switching device according to the invention.
  • the switching device 10 comprises a control device 1 (for example a microcontroller), by means of which a plurality of switches S (eg electronic switches) can be activated and operated.
  • a control device 1 for example a microcontroller
  • switches S eg electronic switches
  • the cells Z can be variably interconnected in such a way that a terminal voltage U k of the battery 2 is substantially independent of
  • an electrical voltage of rechargeable battery cells depends strongly on their current state of charge.
  • an electrical cell voltage of a lithium-ion cell in the discharged state is approximately 2.5 V and in the charged state approximately 4.2 V.
  • a total electrical voltage of a plurality of interconnected cells Z is disadvantageously highly dependent on the states of charge of the individual Cells Z dependent.
  • a switching structure or a switching network 7 of the cells Z is configured and current
  • a state of charge of the individual cells Z is determined. For example, this can be done by means of a determination device (not shown), wherein electrical voltages of the individual cells Z are determined or electrical voltages of cell modules 3 having a plurality of cells Z. By way of example only two cell modules 3 are shown in FIG. As a result, the individual state of charge of each individual cell Z can be taken into account for the interconnection according to the invention.
  • the cell modules 3 can in extreme cases consist of individual cells Z. Another extreme case is the measurement of the total voltage and a reconnection solely with this information.
  • the cell modules 3 are connected in parallel or in series with one another in different ways, in order thereby to come as close as possible to the terminal voltage U K of the battery 2 to an optimum operating point of the DC / DC converter 5 a, or within to remain predetermined, narrow voltage limits of the DC / DC converter 5a.
  • the entire interconnection takes place dynamically, according to the loading
  • switch S may be switched in sub-second, second, minute or hourly intervals.
  • Switching structures with cells Z conceivable.
  • FIG. 2 shows a parallel connection of strings having a plurality of serially connected cells Z, where Z defines a first cell in a first column, Z 12 a second cell in the first column, etc.
  • the cyclic exchange of the cells Z should preferably be faster, the higher the charge / discharge current, because with higher currents faster debalancing of the cells Z can be set.
  • a maximum number of cells Z should be present in the switching group 7, so that in this way as many cells Z as possible are involved in the loading / unloading processes, which favors a uniform charge state of as many cells Z as possible.
  • FIG. 3 a shows a total of six cells, which are connected in two cell modules 3 in such a way that two strings of three series-connected cells Z are connected in parallel.
  • a single cell Z mn is removed at periodic intervals in each case from the switching network 7 and taken back into the switching network 7.
  • Fig. 3b shows in principle that due to changing charge states and thereby increasing electrical voltages at the cells Z now in one
  • Switching step of the switching network 7 is changed such that only two cells Z are connected in series, in each case two cells Z in three parallel
  • a cell Z mn is in turn cyclically out of the switching network Taken out, it being provided that the recessed cells Z mn are cyclically exchanged within the switching network 7, so that in each case at periodic intervals another cell Z is taken out of the switching network 7. As a result, a very uniform state of charge of the cells Z can advantageously be achieved.
  • cells Z with a higher state of charge can be temporarily switched off, and in this way approach the other cells Z with the highest state of charge. The same can also be achieved during unloading by temporary removal of the least charged cells Z.
  • An example not shown in the figures of the interconnection according to the invention can be performed with a hundred cells Z.
  • a parallel connection of ten strings to ten series-connected cells Z is performed.
  • increasing voltage of the switching network 7 is changed into a parallel interconnection of eleven strands, each with nine series-connected cells Z, in each case a single cell Z is switched out alternately.
  • twelve strings are connected in parallel to eight series-connected cells Z, with four cells being alternately switched out in each case.
  • FIG. 4 shows an overall arrangement of a DC voltage generating system in which the switching device 10 according to the invention can be used. It can be seen that a plurality of serially connected DC voltage generators 4 feed into an inverter 5, wherein the overall arrangement can be expanded in a line with further DC voltage generators 4.
  • the DC voltage generator 4 may, for example, alternatively, as a combined heat and power.
  • the DC / DC converter 5 a of the battery 2 can also be completely dispensed with, as a result of which the battery 2 is fed directly into the DC bus 6 of the battery 2
  • Inverter 5 feeds.
  • a constant DC link voltage is optimal from the point of view of the DC / DC converter 5a. This should correspond to the maximum permissible DC link voltage, which the power semiconductors of the converters 5a, 5b of the inverter 5 of the DC voltage generator can still reliably control (for example approximately 450 V for 600 V semiconductors).
  • the maximum variability of the voltage of the DC voltage generator 4 can be ensured, since the panel voltage must always be less than or equal to the intermediate circuit voltage.
  • an expensive intermediate circuit capacitor for the intermediate circuit 6 can advantageously be saved.
  • the cells in the battery 2 are variably and dynamically connected as described above.
  • a defined number of cells Z has a defined total voltage in the discharged state. This voltage should be kept constant during the charging / discharging of the battery 2. For this purpose, fewer cells Z are connected in series during charging. The electrical voltage of the single cell increases with the charge, whereby fewer cells must be connected in series to the defined
  • Cells Z are connected in series and thus a defined total voltage is reached.
  • control device 1 it is possible for the control device 1 to drive the DC / DC converter 5a of the DC voltage generator 4, for example by instructing the DC voltage generator 4 to provide a higher DC link voltage, thereby charging the battery 2. This way a can efficient cooperation between the switching device 10 according to the invention and the inverter 5 of the DC voltage generator 4 can be achieved.
  • the present invention provides improved terminal voltage stability of a battery by variably interconnecting cells of the battery.
  • a required output voltage of the DC / DC converter of the battery can be kept in a narrow voltage range.
  • an operating period-extending cell balancing (English, cell balancing, reaching the same state of charge of all cells) is carried out.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commutation (10) pour une batterie (2), comprenant : un dispositif de commande (1), et un commutateur (S). Le commutateur (S) commandé par le dispositif de commande (1) connecte de manière variable les éléments (Z) de la batterie (2) entre eux de telle manière que la tension aux bornes de la batterie (2) est sensiblement indépendante de l'état de charge des éléments (Z).
EP13717496.7A 2012-06-14 2013-04-18 Dispositif de commutation pour une batterie et procédé de commutation correspondant Withdrawn EP2862255A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012209995A DE102012209995A1 (de) 2012-06-14 2012-06-14 Schaltvorrichtung für eine Batterie und entsprechendes Schaltverfahren
PCT/EP2013/058053 WO2013185955A2 (fr) 2012-06-14 2013-04-18 Dispositif de commutation pour une batterie et procédé de commutation correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2862255A2 true EP2862255A2 (fr) 2015-04-22

Family

ID=48142777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13717496.7A Withdrawn EP2862255A2 (fr) 2012-06-14 2013-04-18 Dispositif de commutation pour une batterie et procédé de commutation correspondant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2862255A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN104604076B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012209995A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013185955A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2613207A (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-05-31 Cirrus Logic Int Semiconductor Ltd Charging cells in a battery pack
US11724620B2 (en) 2018-07-05 2023-08-15 Volvo Truck Corporation Method of controlling a battery system in a vehicle

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017112387A1 (de) * 2017-06-06 2018-12-06 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Batterie, Verwendung derer und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102018116538A1 (de) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-09 Wobben Properties Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern einer Einspeiseanordnung
EP3611832A1 (fr) * 2018-08-13 2020-02-19 FRONIUS INTERNATIONAL GmbH Onduleur photovoltaïque et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel inverseur photovoltaïque
CN116508225A (zh) * 2021-05-10 2023-07-28 华为数字能源技术有限公司 一种电池系统及控制方法

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US5898291A (en) * 1998-01-26 1999-04-27 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Battery cell bypass topology
US6873133B1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2005-03-29 Medtronic Physio-Control Manufacturing Corporation Defibrillator with a reconfigurable battery module
US20040125618A1 (en) 2002-12-26 2004-07-01 Michael De Rooij Multiple energy-source power converter system
AT505143B1 (de) 2007-05-14 2012-03-15 Fronius Int Gmbh Verfahren zur steuerung eines wechselrichters und wechselrichter
US8330420B2 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-12-11 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Dynamically reconfigurable framework for a large-scale battery system
DE102009027833A1 (de) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-27 SB LiMotive Company Ltd., Suwon Serienschaltung von Schaltreglern zur Energieübertragung in Batteriesystemen
KR101084214B1 (ko) * 2009-12-03 2011-11-18 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 계통 연계형 전력 저장 시스템 및 전력 저장 시스템 제어 방법

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11724620B2 (en) 2018-07-05 2023-08-15 Volvo Truck Corporation Method of controlling a battery system in a vehicle
GB2613207A (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-05-31 Cirrus Logic Int Semiconductor Ltd Charging cells in a battery pack
GB2613207B (en) * 2021-11-29 2024-05-22 Cirrus Logic Int Semiconductor Ltd Charging cells in a battery pack

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013185955A3 (fr) 2014-05-08
WO2013185955A2 (fr) 2013-12-19
CN104604076B (zh) 2018-09-21
CN104604076A (zh) 2015-05-06
DE102012209995A1 (de) 2013-12-19

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