EP2864704A1 - Procédé pour conduire la combustion dans un four afin de limiter la production d'oxydes d'azote, et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents
Procédé pour conduire la combustion dans un four afin de limiter la production d'oxydes d'azote, et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédéInfo
- Publication number
- EP2864704A1 EP2864704A1 EP13759015.4A EP13759015A EP2864704A1 EP 2864704 A1 EP2864704 A1 EP 2864704A1 EP 13759015 A EP13759015 A EP 13759015A EP 2864704 A1 EP2864704 A1 EP 2864704A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bed
- temperature
- combustion
- nox
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/446—Waste feed arrangements for liquid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/50—Fluidised bed furnace
- F23G2203/502—Fluidised bed furnace with recirculation of bed material inside combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/24—Controlling height of burner
- F23N2237/32—Nox
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for conducting combustion in a fluidized bed furnace, in particular a sand bed, according to which a primary combustion air flow is blown through the bed, the fuel consisting in particular of waste organic, or urban waste, or sewage sludge, secondary air that can be injected into the space of the furnace located above the bed.
- the amount of nitrogen oxides generated is a function, to a certain extent, of the fuel used, but also the conditions under which the combustion takes place. There is therefore no unambiguous relationship between nitrogen oxide emissions and fuel.
- an emission factor can be formulated which will serve, among other things, to refer to the progress and decreases in nitrogen oxide emissions that could be achieved through further research and development.
- N 2 O is a greenhouse gas three hundred and ten times more potent than CO 2 .
- the SCR process makes it possible to cut down large quantities of NOx, but at the cost of major economic and environmental disadvantages.
- the more economical SNCR process does not achieve as high a nitrogen oxide removal efficiency as the SCR process.
- the aim of the invention is, above all, to lower the production of nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N 2 O during combustion, so as to be limited to the use of a selective reduction.
- catalytic SNCR to treat only the residual in the flue gas.
- the invention consists, by adapting the torque: (temperature of the fluidized bed and excess air in the fluidized bed), to balance the nitrification and denitrification reactions taking place in the fluidized bed.
- the process defined above is characterized in that, in order to limit the production of NOx and N 2 O nitrogen oxides:
- the content of the fumes is measured in nitrous oxide N 2 O and nitrogen oxides NOx;
- the temperature of the fluidized bed is controlled to maintain it at the highest permissible value for which the production of nitrous oxide N 2 O is substantially reduced, while the production of nitrogen oxides NOx is not appreciably increased;
- the process involves co-combustion with a booster fuel in liquid, solid or gaseous form.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed is controlled to maintain it between 700 ° C and 850 ° C.
- the oxygen content O 2 in the fluidized bed is advantageously maintained between 0% and 6% by volume.
- the excess air of the bed can be controlled from a measurement of the oxygen content O 2 of the fumes at the furnace outlet and the temperature difference between the fumes at the furnace outlet and the fluidized bed.
- an algorithm is implemented in a calculating means of a control unit, comprising in particular a PID regulator;
- the nitrous oxide content N 2 O of the flue gases is measured, and the set temperature is corrected according to this measured N 2 O content, the bed temperature is measured and its value is introduced into the control unit; ,
- control unit determines, from the difference between the corrected set temperature of the bed and the measured temperature of the bed, the action to be exerted on the temperature of the combustion air, and / or on the dryness of the fuel, and / or on a possible addition of fuel, in particular fuel oil, to ensure the corrected set temperature.
- the set temperature of the corrected bed with respect to the emission of N 2 O is determined using a test, this correction being based on the evolution of the production of N 2 O on a suitable time base, in particular 30 minutes, this test consisting in checking if the production of N 2 O is increasing and if it remains below a predetermined threshold; if the test is valid the correction is directed towards an increase of the temperature of the bed, and if the test is not valid the correction is directed towards a fall of the temperature of the bed; and before the increase of the temperature of the bed a test is carried out on the current instruction which must remain lower than the maximum temperature (Tmax) in the bed, whereas before the decrease of the temperature of the bed, a test is carried out the current instruction which must remain above the minimum temperature (Tmin) in the bed.
- a test is carried out the current instruction which must remain above the minimum temperature (Tmin) in the bed.
- NOx correction function f
- a control loop controls the overall air excess of the combustion by action on the secondary air flow, from an oxygen measurement made at the furnace outlet, the total fuel flow making it possible to determine the total flow of combustion air.
- the oxygen content of the fluidized bed can be determined by measuring the oxygen content of the fumes at the furnace outlet, and by measuring the difference in temperature between the outlet of the afterburner zone and the outlet of the bed, with calculation of the amount of oxygen consumed during post-combustion.
- the invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method defined above, comprising a fluid bed combustion furnace, in particular a sand bed, in which a primary combustion air flow is blown through the bed, the fuel being constituted in particular of organic waste, or of urban waste, or sludge of purification plants, secondary air that can be injected into the space of the oven located above the bed, this installation being characterized in that that it comprises:
- a regulation unit comprising in particular a PID regulator, with a calculation means for implementing an algorithm for limiting the production of N 2 O;
- control unit being able to correct the set temperature according to the nitrous oxide content N 2 O of the fumes
- control unit determining, from the difference between the corrected set temperature of the bed and the measured bed temperature, the action to be exerted on the combustion air temperature, and / or on the dryness of the fuel, and / or on a possible addition of fuel, in particular fuel oil, to ensure the corrected set temperature.
- the installation comprises:
- the installation may comprise, for controlling the production of NOx, a means for controlling the excess air by acting on the primary air flow through the bed, taking into account a correction function f (NOx ) based on the NOx content of the post-combustion outlet fumes, the NOx control action being limited by the difference in temperature ( ⁇ ) between the bed and the afterburner, in order to ensure the staging of the combustion of devolatilized hydrocarbons.
- NOx correction function f
- the installation comprises means for controlling the overall excess of air, comprising a probe for measuring the oxygen content O 2 of the fumes at the furnace outlet, temperature probes for providing the temperature difference between the fumes at the post-combustion outlet and the fluidized bed, and a means of calculating the oxygen consumed by the afterburner corresponding to the difference in temperature between the outlet of the bed and the outlet of the afterburner.
- the installation comprises a control loop which controls the overall air excess of the combustion by action on the secondary air flow rate, from a measurement of oxygen produced at the furnace outlet, the total flow rate of fuel for determining the total flow of combustion air.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic vertical section of a fluidized bed combustion furnace to which the method of the invention is applied.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the variations, over the time taken on the abscissa, of the NOx nitrogen oxide content in the y-ordinate on the left in mg / Nm 3 , according to a solid line curve, as well as the variations in the content of the residual oxygen fumes carried on the ordinate on the right and expressed in volume%, according to a dashed curve.
- Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the variations over time of the average temperature of the sand bed, measured in ° C on the y-axis on the right, according to a dashed curve, as well as the variations of the protoxide content of nitrogen N 2 O in the flue gases, plotted on the y-axis in mg / Nm 3 , in a solid line.
- Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the variations in the formation rate of NOx and N 2 O as a function of the temperature on the abscissa
- Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an algorithm for controlling the N 2 O content
- Fig. 6 is a block diagram of the regulation of the excess air in the fumes at the furnace outlet.
- the fluidized bed B has a homogeneous particle size and is preferably made of sand and grains of silica.
- the fluidized bed may be made with grains of iron, or other grains of metallic or inert material, in particular coke (fixed carbon) constituted by carbon having a crystallized structure and acting as a catalyst.
- the combustion and fluidization air 2 is introduced into the lower part of the furnace in a wind box A surmounted by an arch a1 supporting the bed B.
- the arch a1 is traversed by nozzles a2 ensuring the distribution of air primary blown in the bed B.
- An oven of this type is known under the name Thermylis® DEGREMONT Company.
- the bed B is a devolatilization zone 3 which contains the solid phase waste and in which the volatile materials devolatilize and burn in part. It is recalled that the devolatilization of a fuel refers to the process by which, during a heat treatment, the fuel loses its volatile materials (water, hydrocarbon materials, carbon monoxide, hydrogen).
- the fuel is introduced in the lower part of the bed B by at least one lateral baffle 4.
- An afterburner zone 5 is formed in the furnace chamber above the bed B.
- a device 5a for injecting secondary air into the furnace zone 5 is planned.
- the fuel injection is carried out in the devolatilization zone 3.
- the fuel may consist of sewage sludge, household or urban waste, fuel oil, or gas, or a mixture of at least two these fuels, or any organic waste that is introduced into an oven to burn it.
- the fluidized bed B is a strongly stirred medium in which homogeneous phase and heterogeneous phase reactions take place. In this medium occurs most of the phases of a combustion:
- Bed B is the ideal place for many reactions in the heterogeneous phase made possible by the presence of mineral materials, constituted by ash, and fixed carbon (coke).
- the fluidized bed is equivalent to a liquid medium and has, in normal operation, a homogeneous temperature.
- the afterburner zone 5 allows, thanks to an adequate excess of air and a suitable residence time, a total oxidation of the hydrocarbon species produced in the bed in homogeneous phase (devolatilization).
- Nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N 2 O are produced in bed B during the devolatilization phase.
- the method of the invention ensures a bed temperature and an excess of air in this fluidized bed suitable for promoting denitrification reactions to the detriment of NOx nitrogen oxides and N 2 O nitrous oxide reactions. whose quantity produced is reduced.
- the process of the invention can be used in synergy with the process of the French patent application No. 12 53597 filed on April 19, 2012 in the name of the same applicant company DEGREMONT, for a "process for denitrification of fumes produced by an oven of combustion, and installation for the implementation of this method.
- nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N 2 O comes from the oxidation of the nitrogen contained in the fuel.
- This nitrogen is contained in a hydrocarbon structure, or in the ammonia state, and can be converted into two species, either in gaseous form NH 3 ammonia, or in the form of HCN hydrogen cyanide.
- the nitrogen of the hydrocarbon structures mainly forms HCN hydrogen cyanide and, in an oxidizing medium, is at the origin of the production of the nitrogen oxides NOx and the nitrous oxide. nitrogen N 2 O.
- the prevailing conditions in the fluidized bed are chosen to limit the production of HCN hydrogen cyanide and to promote denitrification reactions which, for the most part, take place in heterogeneous phase.
- the excess air in the fluidized bed is maintained at the lowest admissible value in order to avoid the production of NOx nitrogen oxides; the lower limit is imposed by the temperature difference ⁇ bed / afterburning which characterizes the displacement of combustion from the bed to afterburning by reducing excess air in the bed.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed is maintained at the highest permissible value which is limited by the occurrence of a significant increase in the NOx content of the flue gases. This temperature of the bed maintained at the highest level makes it possible to:
- the temperature of the fluidized bed contributes to limiting the production of hydrogen cyanide HCN and thus NO nitric oxide, while ensuring the sufficient energy level at Conducting denitrification reactions, with the destruction of nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N 2 O, and destruction of HCN hydrogen cyanide and NH 3 ammonia in the heterogeneous phase.
- the method of the invention is thus based on controlling the torque: (fluidized bed temperature / oxygen concentration in the fluidized bed) to give a desired priority to the formation of the denitrification reactions.
- the temperature of the fluidized bed is maintained between 720 ° C and 850 ° C while the oxygen concentration in the fluidized bed is maintained between 0% and 6% by volume.
- Maintaining the parameters (bed temperature and oxygen content of the bed) in the indicated ranges is provided by a control unit H (FIG. 5) with calculation means K in which an algorithm is installed, and a loop of G regulation (Fig.6).
- the control unit H and the loop G receive setpoints and measurement results for the parameters under consideration, and provide control signals to different outputs to provide control. This makes it possible to limit the production of nitrous oxide N 2 O and nitrogen oxides NO x, and to promote a denitrification treatment directly in the fluidized bed B without resorting to a specific denitrification process.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the possibility of controlling the production of nitrogen oxides NOx whose fume content is shown on the left-hand side, in mg / Nm 3 (milligrams per normal cubic meter), by the residual oxygen at the outlet of oven, in the fumes.
- the residual oxygen content in the fumes expressed in% by volume is carried to the right in ordered.
- time is measured in hours and minutes.
- the curve 6 in dashes represents the variation of the oxygen content of the fumes at the furnace outlet, over time.
- Curve 6 illustrates a decrease in the residual oxygen at the furnace outlet, obtained by reducing the primary air flow, while the secondary air flow is zero.
- Curve 7 in solid lines illustrates the variation of the nitrogen oxide NOx content of the fumes at the furnace outlet. It appears that this content decreases with decreasing residual oxygen content. As soon as the oxygen content is about 4%, the NOx content has dropped to about 30 mg / Nm 3 .
- FIG. 2 The diagram of FIG. 2 illustrating the variations of NOx induced by the variations of the residual oxygen content must be considered all things being equal.
- FIG. 3 illustrates by a curve 8 in dashed variations in the temperature of the fluidized bed B over the time taken on the abscissa; the temperature values are plotted on the right in ordinate.
- the peak of the temperature curve reaches about 800 ° C.
- the variations in the nitrous oxide content N 2 O in the fumes at the furnace outlet are represented by the curve in solid line 9.
- the N 2 O content is shown on the left as ordinate, expressed in mg / Nm 3.
- FIG. Figure 3 shows that for bed temperatures above about 740 ° C, the nitrous oxide N 2 O content of the fumes is substantially reduced.
- the invention exploits the evolutions observed on the diagrams of FIGS. 2 and 3 for controlling both the production of nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N 2 O in the heterogeneous phase constituted by the fluidized bed B.
- the invention thus allows a precise algorithm to control both the production of NOx and N 2 O in the heterogeneous phase. Knowing that the evolution observed for N 2 O and NOx is represented by FIG. 4, the adjustment of the temperature of the bed will be controlled by the measurement of N 2 O and the set point of O 2 will be adjusted according to the content in NOx observed for the current temperature.
- the network of increasing curves from left to right corresponds to changes in the rate of formation of NOx as a function of the temperature on the abscissa.
- Each curve corresponds to a constant O 2 content, this constant being 3% for the lower curve and increasing by 1% for each curve situated above, up to 8% for the upper curve; these values are shown in Fig.4 on the right.
- the graph of Fig. 4 shows that, if we want to raise the temperature in the bed, it is necessary to reduce the O 2 content to limit NOx production, hence the NOx regulation with the amount of air introduced into the bed.
- the temperature of the bed B measured by probes such as 10 (FIG. 1) judiciously implanted is controlled by action:
- a probe 10a advantageously placed just above the bed and before the secondary air injection makes it possible to check the coherence of the measurements 10, 10b.
- the temperature setpoint SP of the bed is corrected with respect to the emission of N 2 O using a test, according to block 14. This correction is based on the evolution of the production of N 2 O on a suitable time base, especially 30 minutes, to avoid taking into account peaks.
- the test 14 is performed on this evolution. This test consists in checking if the production of N 2 O is increasing and if it remains lower than a predetermined threshold.
- the correction ensured by the block 15, is directed towards an increase of the temperature of the bed with previously a test 15a on the current SP setpoint which must remain always less than the maximum temperature Tmax in the bed (of the order of 850 ° C).
- This temperature increase is achieved by activating a ramp of Xi ° C./minute for a time base of Yi minutes in relation to the thermal inertia of the bed, which depends on the quantity of sand and the CIP of the fuel. .
- test 14 If the test 14 is not valid (answer NO) the correction is directed towards a decrease of the temperature of the bed, according to block 16, with previously a test 16a on the current SP setpoint which must always remained higher than the minimum temperature Tmin in the bed (of the order of 700 ° C).
- This drop in temperature is achieved at 16 by the activation of a ramp of X 2 ° C / minute during a time base of Y 2 minutes in relation to the thermal inertia of the bed depending on the quantity of sand and the PCI fuel.
- the temperature setpoint SP of the bed incorporating the correction with respect to the production of N 2 O is, according to the block R, the sum of the temperature T f (base temperature in operation of the order of 800 ° C.) and the value provided by the up / down counter D.
- the temperature setpoint SP is compared with the measurement in the bed in a PID (proportional integral derivative) regulator 19 whose output S (0-100%) is processed in a formula M ((S-50) / 50) whose result varies from -1 to +1.
- An X weighting allows a distribution of the action.
- the amplitude of the corrections is limited by the values "max of possible variation", respectively according to block 21 for the variation of temperature, and block 22 for the variation of dryness.
- a probe 12 for measuring the nitrous oxide content N 2 O of the fumes at the furnace outlet furnishes the measured value of the N 2 O content.
- the programmed algorithm makes it possible to correct the setpoint value as a function of the measurement of the N 2 O content supplied by the probe 12.
- the block 13 may control, in particular, a heat exchanger (not shown) heating the combustion air, from the fumes leaving the furnace, by changing the flow rate of hot smoke passing through the heater.
- Block 1 1 makes it possible to correct the dryness of the fuel, in particular sludge, for example by action on a device for drying the fuel before introduction into the furnace. According to another possibility, to increase the temperature of the bed, it is possible to order an addition of fuel oil to the fuel. It then occurs a co-combustion.
- the correction is made at the level of the correction of the temperature of the combustion air by the block 13 and the correction of the dryness of the sludge through the block 1 1, and if necessary by reducing the fuel flow.
- the excess air is controlled by acting on the primary air flow through the bed, according to the block 23.
- the graph of Fig.4 lower the amount of primary air, and therefore O2, leads to controlling the production of NOx.
- a block 24 represents the taking into account of a correction function f (NOx) according to the NOx content of the fumes provided by a probe 20 (FIG. 1) at the post-combustion outlet.
- NOx correction function
- the amount of primary air is kept as low as possible.
- This NOx control action is, however, limited by the difference in temperature ⁇ between the bed and the afterburner, according to the block 25 which introduces a correction function ⁇ ( ⁇ ), in order to ensure the staging of the combustion of the devolatilized hydrocarbons. .
- the primary air flow must remain between a maximum value Max, and a minimum value Min.
- the temperature variation between the bed B and the outlet of the afterburner zone 5 is represented in FIG. 1 by a dashed line 17, drawn in a coordinate system in which the height of a point in the abscissa is plotted on the abscissa. zone 5 above the bed B, and on the ordinate the temperature at this point.
- the temperature may be close to 800 ° C. at the outlet of the bed B and 850 ° C. at the outlet of the afterburner zone 5.
- the temperature difference between the post-combustion outlet 5 and the bed B should be of sufficient value, in particular at least
- a 0 and B 0 (B 0 ⁇ 1) values are initial settings allowing only adjustment through the correction functions.
- a loop G determines a corrected value B ' 0 taking into account correction functions 25 ⁇ ( ⁇ ) and 24 f (NOx).
- This value B ' 0 is used to calculate the primary air flow rate from the total flow of combustion air.
- the value (1- B ' 0 ) is used to calculate the secondary air flow from the total combustion air flow, taking into account the correction function 27 f (O 2 ).
- the reduction of NOx can lower the proportional coefficient of primary air (B 0 -> B ' 0 ) with, consequently, gases out of the bed B depleted of oxygen.
- the overall stoichiometric ratio of air (A 0 ) guaranteeing a complete post-combustion combustion for a given quantity of MV is ensured by an increase in the proportional proportion of secondary air (1 - ⁇ ).
- the lowering of the amount of primary air to reduce the production of NOx nitrogen oxides is thus limited by the need for an oxygen content at the outlet of the fluidized bed B.
- a 0 defines the amount of air for one ton of MS dry matter (eg 10000 Nm 3 / t). Therefore, for a sludge setpoint of 1 t / h of MS it will take at global A 0 Nm 3 / h (for example 10000 Nm 3 / h) of combustion air that it will be necessary to distribute between the primary air (air I) and secondary air (air II).
- a 0 must be modified if the amount of volatile matter or the ICP (lower heating value) thereof changes, and the measurement of the overall oxygen content O 2 is an indication. If the result of the measurement warrants it, at that moment, an action is taken on the secondary air by means of the correction function f ( ⁇ 2 ) in order to take it into account without modifying the air I because optimized for NOx control.
- the regulation loop G (FIG. 6) with calculation means controls the overall air excess of the combustion by action on the flow rate of secondary air, according to block 26, from the measurement of oxygen produced at the furnace outlet, according to the correction function of block 27.
- the total sludge flow rate provided by a block 28 makes it possible to determine the total flow rate of combustion air, according to block 29.
- the algorithm can be positively improved by setting up a measurement of the oxygen content directly in the heterogeneous zone constituted by the fluidized bed B.
- the invention makes it possible to control the amount of air in the fluidized bed and to reduce NOx nitrogen oxides.
- the process of the invention by limiting the production of nitrogen oxides in a fluidized bed furnace makes it possible to limit the use of an SNCR reduction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1256041A FR2992309B1 (fr) | 2012-06-26 | 2012-06-26 | Procede pour conduire la combustion dans un four afin de limiter la production d'oxydes d'azote, et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| PCT/IB2013/055168 WO2014001992A1 (fr) | 2012-06-26 | 2013-06-24 | Procédé pour conduire la combustion dans un four afin de limiter la production d'oxydes d'azote, et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2864704A1 true EP2864704A1 (fr) | 2015-04-29 |
| EP2864704B1 EP2864704B1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 |
Family
ID=46889242
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13759015.4A Active EP2864704B1 (fr) | 2012-06-26 | 2013-06-24 | Procédé pour conduire la combustion dans un four afin de limiter la production d'oxydes d'azote, et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10001274B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2864704B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2877752C (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2811573T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2992309B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014001992A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120466675B (zh) * | 2025-05-27 | 2025-11-25 | 广州杰湖生物质成型燃料有限公司 | 一种用于烘干碳化的氮氧化物焚烧设备控制方法 |
| CN120819770A (zh) * | 2025-08-25 | 2025-10-21 | 华北电力大学 | 一种适应深度调峰的CFB锅炉NOx排放优化控制方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1253597A (fr) | 1959-04-07 | 1961-05-17 | Procédé pour l'obtention d'un effet anodique périodique sur les cathodes des bains galvanoplastiques | |
| DE19714073C2 (de) * | 1997-04-04 | 2003-08-14 | Emschergenossenschaft Lippever | Wirbelschichtanlage, insbesondere für Schlamm |
| RU2008143627A (ru) * | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-20 | Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Карбоника-Ф" (Ru) | Способ переработки угля и устройство для его осуществления |
| JP5269631B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-23 | 2013-08-21 | 出光興産株式会社 | N2o排出抑制燃焼装置とn2o排出抑制方法 |
| JP5482792B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2014-05-07 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 有機性廃棄物処理システム及び方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-06-26 FR FR1256041A patent/FR2992309B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-06-24 WO PCT/IB2013/055168 patent/WO2014001992A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-06-24 EP EP13759015.4A patent/EP2864704B1/fr active Active
- 2013-06-24 ES ES13759015T patent/ES2811573T3/es active Active
- 2013-06-24 CA CA2877752A patent/CA2877752C/fr active Active
- 2013-06-24 US US14/409,797 patent/US10001274B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014001992A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014001992A1 (fr) | 2014-01-03 |
| CA2877752C (fr) | 2021-01-12 |
| FR2992309A1 (fr) | 2013-12-27 |
| US10001274B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
| FR2992309B1 (fr) | 2014-06-27 |
| CA2877752A1 (fr) | 2014-01-03 |
| US20150338095A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
| EP2864704B1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 |
| ES2811573T3 (es) | 2021-03-12 |
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