EP2866903A2 - Verfahren zum verdünnen und/oder ausschleusen von wolken brennbarer gase - Google Patents
Verfahren zum verdünnen und/oder ausschleusen von wolken brennbarer gaseInfo
- Publication number
- EP2866903A2 EP2866903A2 EP13730604.9A EP13730604A EP2866903A2 EP 2866903 A2 EP2866903 A2 EP 2866903A2 EP 13730604 A EP13730604 A EP 13730604A EP 2866903 A2 EP2866903 A2 EP 2866903A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- enclosure
- combustible gases
- combustible
- liquid jet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001267 hazard identification Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
- A62C2/04—Removing or cutting-off the supply of inflammable material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
- A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
- A62C2/08—Water curtains
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/14—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in connection with doors, windows, ventilators, partitions, or shutters, e.g. automatic closing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for diluting and / or discharging clouds of combustible gases, a device suitable for this purpose and the use of gas or liquid jet curtains for this purpose.
- Leaks in equipment and equipment through which flammable gases can escape present a significant safety hazard, especially if there are ignition sources in the vicinity.
- Steam curtains are used to dilute gases that are heavier than air.
- the steam curtain should enclose the entire area where gas leakage can occur.
- a gas pipe should be mounted on a low wall at a height of about 1.5 m at its upper edge.
- the wall serves as a gas fence, which slows down spreading of the gas cloud and facilitates the discovery of the gas cloud.
- An apparatus is described in which a 6 inch diameter pipe is used, which is 5/32 inches Has holes at 4 inch intervals. Steam is applied to form the steam curtain with 250 psig of steam.
- the pipelines must be well grounded.
- hydrogen piping can be secured at junctions by an annular array of steam jets.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for diluting and / or discharging clouds of flammable gases, the density of which does not exceed the density of air, from enclosures which, except for outlet openings, are preferably closed on all sides.
- the object is achieved by the use of a generated by spraying non-combustible gases or liquids gas or liquid jet curtain for diluting and / or discharge of clouds of combustible gases whose density does not exceed the density of air, from enclosures, the one or have a plurality of outer openings.
- the object is also achieved by a method for diluting and / or discharging clouds of flammable gases whose density does not exceed the density of air, from enclosures having one or more outer openings, in which by spraying non-combustible gases or liquids at least an outer opening, a gas or liquid jet curtain is generated, which dilutes the clouds located in the interior of flammable gases, or carries in the direction of at least one outer opening and thus ejects, or discharges.
- the task is also solved by an appropriate enclosure.
- "Enclosures" according to the invention containers, buildings, etc.
- the combustible gas which typically emanates from a leak in an apparatus is density-neutral or lighter with respect to air under identical ambient conditions (pressure, temperature) or at the outlet conditions.
- the flammable gas is not just a heavy gas, as defined in the VDI Guideline 3786.
- a heavy gas is typically at least 16% heavier than air.
- flammable gases which are lighter than air, escape upwards and spread out in an uncontrolled manner.
- the situation is different if the system in which gas leakage can occur is located in an enclosure with few external openings. In this case, the light gas can not spread uncontrollably at a leak.
- an explosive gas mixture is prevented according to the invention by spraying non-combustible gases or liquids at at least one outer opening.
- a gas or liquid jet curtain is generated, which dilutes the clouds of combustible gases located in the enclosure, or carries in the direction of at least one outer opening and thus ejects, or discharges.
- the term "at an outer opening” is therefore to be understood functionally such that the jet curtain is arranged spatially at or near the outer opening, that the clouds of combustible gases diluted and preferably carried in the direction of at least one outer opening and so discharged from the enclosure Frequently, the jet curtain covers the at least one outer opening completely or at least partially.
- the enclosure often contains devices for the production, processing or storage of combustible gases.
- Corresponding devices are for example reactors, tanks or compressed gas cylinders, heat exchangers, columns or entire plants or lines.
- the combustible gas may be selected from any combustible gases whose density does not exceed the density of air (at identical temperature and pressure). Flammable gases used in accordance with the invention thus do not sink to the bottom of the enclosure in a corresponding enclosure.
- suitable combustible gases are acetylene, hydrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide, coking gas, landfill gas, town gas, biogas, synthesis gas, methane, natural gas or hot, combustible gases.
- the liquid or gas jet curtain may be generated by any suitable nonflammable gas or liquid.
- it may be a liquid jet curtain of water.
- It is preferably a gas jet curtain, which is formed by water vapor, air, nitrogen or mixtures thereof, preferably by steam.
- the steam can be present at the pressure levels provided in the plant or investment environment. Typically, in chemical plants there are pressure stages for water vapor of about 1.5 bar, 4 bar or 16 bar. Preference is given to 2 to 6 bar.
- the removal from the housing preferably takes place in such a way that there is no ignitable mixture of the combustible gas outside the housing.
- This means that the effluent liquid or gas quantity of the non-combustible liquid or of the non-combustible gas is controlled in such a way that sufficient mixing with the leaking flammable gas and additionally with sucked-in air is achieved so that one does not more combustible or ignitable gas mixture results.
- the enclosures receiving the devices for producing, processing or storing the combustible gases have one or more external openings.
- the surface of the outer openings is at most 40%, more preferably at most 20%, in particular at most 10%, of the entire outer surfaces of the enclosure located above the ground.
- the area of the outer openings may preferably amount to at least 0.5%, particularly preferably at least 1%, in particular at least 2%, of the entire outer surfaces of the enclosure located above the ground.
- the enclosure is arranged on the ground and has substantially perpendicular outer walls. In addition, it is closed at the top by a roof. At least one outer opening is preferably arranged directly adjacent to the roof in the roof or in the outer walls.
- the term "direct” refers to a position which is arranged in the upper quarter, preferably upper fifth, in particular upper tenth of the outer walls.Particularly preferably, this outer opening is directly adjacent to the upper edge of the outer walls and thus directly adjacent to the roof other locations of the enclosure, for example, to allow the influx of outside air into the enclosure.
- one or more outer openings can be present in the housings.
- 1 to 5, particularly preferably 1 to 3, in particular 1 or 2 outer openings are present.
- the formation of the gas or liquid jet curtain follows such that the clouds of combustible gases in the discharge at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, especially pass completely through the gas or liquid jet curtain, or pass have to. This ensures that the jet curtain provides sufficient dilution and adequate transport of the combustible gas cloud.
- the outer opening or outer openings may be provided for each outer opening a beam curtain. It is also possible that not every outer opening is provided with a jet curtain and the remaining outer openings serve only for the inflow of air which, diluted with the combustible gas, exits through the jet curtain and through another outer opening.
- the enclosure will have vertical outer walls and a flat or pitched roof that rests on the outer walls.
- the outer openings can be one have any outline. For example, they may have an angular or approximately angular outline, with one edge of the outer opening extending horizontally.
- the gas or liquid jet curtain can be formed, for example, at an angle to the roof or to the outer wall of, for example, 45 ° ⁇ 10 °. This means that the gas or liquid jet curtain does not have to impinge perpendicular to the outer opening or be parallel to it, but can impinge at an oblique angle.
- the gas or liquid jet curtain can also be arranged on an outer wall offset inwards in such a way that it is directed at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the roof and can additionally suck in and entrain ambient air from below.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of outer wall (Wa) and roof (Da) in the region of the jet curtain (St), which is produced by a steam line (Dam), which is provided with bores.
- the outer wall (Wa), at the upper edge of the jet curtain (St) is formed, is offset from the roof edge inwards, resulting in an outer opening.
- jet curtain (St) By forming the jet curtain (St) at an angle of about 40 ° with respect to the horizontal obliquely above from the interior of the housing combustible gas (light gas (Le)) is entrained, escaping from apparatuses with leakage (Ap), and from the outside environment the enclosure air (Lu) entrained, which leads to the dilution of the combustible gas.
- all external openings can be covered by gas or liquid jet curtains, so that the combustible gas must in each case pass through a gas or liquid jet curtain.
- gas or liquid jet curtains Preferably, at least near the roof outer openings are covered by appropriate beam curtains.
- the gas or liquid jet curtain is preferably produced by the exit of a gas or a liquid from a tube which has holes along its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, which may lie on the pipe surface on a common connecting line.
- a tube with an inner diameter of about 8 cm can be used, which has approximately 5 mm diameter holes, which are provided at a distance of about 7 cm.
- An approximately 4 m long DN 80 pipe section can thus have approximately 57 holes with a diameter of 5 mm. It can be operated with a pressure of 4 bar steam.
- the steam curtain may have a length in the range of preferably 0.5 to 6 m, depending on the size of the outer opening to be covered.
- the gas or liquid jet curtain is preferably triggered by sensors, when a leakage of the combustible gas is detected.
- a corresponding detection and control device is known from fans that were previously provided for the discharge of appropriate combustible gases in an emergency.
- the method of the invention can replace a conventional emergency chamber vent by fans.
- the enclosures are not completely open at the top, since otherwise the gas can escape freely upwards.
- the enclosure has only the smaller openings described above and thus prevents the free propagation of the flammable gas so that its dilution occurs through the gas or liquid jet curtain.
- a corresponding steam jet curtain was provided in an enclosure surrounding a shell and tube reactor with acetylene dissolved in liquid acetone.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13730604.9A EP2866903B1 (de) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren zum verdünnen und/oder ausschleusen von wolken brennbarer gase |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12174577 | 2012-07-02 | ||
| PCT/EP2013/063217 WO2014005881A2 (de) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren zum verdünnen und/oder ausschleusen von wolken brennbarer gase |
| EP13730604.9A EP2866903B1 (de) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren zum verdünnen und/oder ausschleusen von wolken brennbarer gase |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2866903A2 true EP2866903A2 (de) | 2015-05-06 |
| EP2866903B1 EP2866903B1 (de) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
ID=48670590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13730604.9A Not-in-force EP2866903B1 (de) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-06-25 | Verfahren zum verdünnen und/oder ausschleusen von wolken brennbarer gase |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9561392B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2866903B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2015533518A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20150035780A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN104394942A (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2015103053A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014005881A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10487123B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2019-11-26 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
| WO2017141876A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-18 | 2017-08-24 | 出光興産株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び電子機器 |
| CN110985097B (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-09-07 | 安徽鹰龙工业设计有限公司 | 一种煤矿井下火灾发生时自救阻燃装置 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2120563A (en) | 1936-06-01 | 1938-06-14 | Lamb Edward | Apparatus and method for removing gas from enclosed areas |
| US4187913A (en) * | 1977-04-28 | 1980-02-12 | Wilcox Silent Nozzle Man, Inc. | Firehose-assembly steadying device |
| US4779801A (en) * | 1986-04-28 | 1988-10-25 | Donnell James W O | Apparatus and process for removing smoke from burning buildings |
| US4703808A (en) * | 1986-04-28 | 1987-11-03 | Donnell James W O | Smoke eliminator |
| DE3908823C1 (en) * | 1989-03-18 | 1989-12-07 | Sylvius Prof. Dr.Rer.Nat. Hartwig | Steam curtain system |
| US4986364A (en) * | 1989-12-04 | 1991-01-22 | Clark Thomas W | Dual purpose fire fighting and ventilation apparatus |
| FI96176C (sv) * | 1993-07-16 | 1996-05-27 | Goeran Sundholm | Förfarande och anläggning för eldsläckning |
| CA2174677A1 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1997-10-23 | Trevor Wicks | Fire extraction nozzle system |
| FI113154B (fi) * | 2001-09-19 | 2004-03-15 | Marioff Corp Oy | Palonsammutusmenetelmä ja -laitteisto |
| DE20119857U1 (de) * | 2001-12-07 | 2002-08-22 | FOGTEC Brandschutz GmbH & Co. KG, 51063 Köln | Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden in einem eine Öffnung, insbesondere eine Türdichtung, aufweisenden Raum |
| JP2003290374A (ja) * | 2002-03-31 | 2003-10-14 | Nohmi Bosai Ltd | 吸引式消火装置 |
| CN1748816A (zh) * | 2005-10-25 | 2006-03-22 | 张凤林 | 吸焰灭火法及其吸焰灭火机器 |
| EP2153872A1 (de) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-02-17 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Folgen der unbeschränkten oder teilweise beschränkten Dampfwolkenexplosion |
| CN101564581A (zh) * | 2009-05-25 | 2009-10-28 | 何国苗 | 一种吸焰式灭火装置 |
-
2013
- 2013-06-25 KR KR1020147036661A patent/KR20150035780A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-06-25 EP EP13730604.9A patent/EP2866903B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-06-25 WO PCT/EP2013/063217 patent/WO2014005881A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-06-25 JP JP2015519043A patent/JP2015533518A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-06-25 US US14/410,970 patent/US9561392B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-06-25 RU RU2015103053A patent/RU2015103053A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-06-25 CN CN201380033431.1A patent/CN104394942A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014005881A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2015533518A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
| KR20150035780A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
| RU2015103053A (ru) | 2016-08-20 |
| EP2866903B1 (de) | 2016-08-24 |
| US20150165250A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
| CN104394942A (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
| US9561392B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
| WO2014005881A2 (de) | 2014-01-09 |
| WO2014005881A3 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: DENECKE, JENS Inventor name: ODENWALD, OLIVER Inventor name: BODIZS, LEVENTE-CSABA Inventor name: WINDLIN, FRANZ NIKLAUS Inventor name: FISCHER, JOHANNES Inventor name: GUMBEL, KLAUS PETER |
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