EP2866903B1 - Procédé servant à diluer des nuages de gaz combustibles et/ou servant à les écluser au-dehors - Google Patents

Procédé servant à diluer des nuages de gaz combustibles et/ou servant à les écluser au-dehors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2866903B1
EP2866903B1 EP13730604.9A EP13730604A EP2866903B1 EP 2866903 B1 EP2866903 B1 EP 2866903B1 EP 13730604 A EP13730604 A EP 13730604A EP 2866903 B1 EP2866903 B1 EP 2866903B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
containment
jet curtain
flammable gases
outer opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13730604.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2866903A2 (fr
Inventor
Levente-Csaba BODIZS
Franz Niklaus Windlin
Klaus Peter Gumbel
Johannes Fischer
Oliver Odenwald
Jens Denecke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP13730604.9A priority Critical patent/EP2866903B1/fr
Publication of EP2866903A2 publication Critical patent/EP2866903A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2866903B1 publication Critical patent/EP2866903B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/04—Removing or cutting-off the supply of inflammable material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • A62C2/08—Water curtains
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/14—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in connection with doors, windows, ventilators, partitions, or shutters, e.g. automatic closing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for diluting and / or discharging clouds of combustible gases, a device suitable for this purpose and the use of gas jet curtains for this purpose.
  • US 4,703,808 A describes a smoke eliminator for removing smoke, heat and combustion gases from a burning structure.
  • the smoke eliminator comprises a heat-resistant, rigid tube with an adapter which is attached to one end of the rigid tube. This adapter is used for connection to a conventional fire hose.
  • the steam curtain system includes a nozzle tube surrounding the danger zone, a heavy gas detector system and a steam source from which steam is introduced under pressure into the nozzle tube in the event of a detected malfunction.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for diluting and / or discharging clouds of flammable gases, the density of which does not exceed the density of air, from enclosures which, except for outlet openings, are preferably closed on all sides.
  • the object is achieved by the use of a generated by spraying non-combustible gases or liquids gas jet curtain for diluting and / or discharge of clouds of combustible gases whose density does not exceed the density of air from enclosures, the one or more outer openings exhibit.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for diluting and / or discharging clouds of flammable gases whose density does not exceed the density of air, from enclosures having one or more outer openings, in which by spraying non-combustible gases or liquids at least a gas jet curtain is generated at an outer opening, which dilutes the clouds of flammable gases located in the enclosure, or in the direction of the at least one outer opening and thus discharges, or discharges.
  • "Enclosures" according to the invention containers, buildings, etc. are understood to contain devices for the production, storage, processing or transport of chemical substances from which emerge in a flammable combustible gases whose density does not exceed the density of air at exit.
  • the enclosures are not completely outward, ie closed to the environment or atmosphere, but have one or more outer openings.
  • the housings z.
  • the outer openings are permanently open to the environment or atmosphere and not even temporarily closed, as would be the case with doors, windows, valves, etc.
  • the enclosure is therefore usually at the same or a very similar pressure level as the environment, or the atmosphere.
  • the dilution and / or discharge of combustible gases of low density succeed with the aid of gas jet curtains.
  • the combustible gas which typically emanates from a leak in an apparatus is density-neutral or lighter with respect to air under identical ambient conditions (pressure, temperature) or at the outlet conditions.
  • the flammable gas is not just a heavy gas, as defined in the VDI Guideline 3786.
  • a heavy gas is typically at least 16% heavier than air.
  • the situation is different if the system in which gas leakage can occur is located in an enclosure with few external openings. In this case, the light gas can not spread uncontrollably at a leak.
  • an explosive gas mixture is inventively prevented by spraying non-combustible gases or liquids at least one outer opening.
  • a gas jet curtain is generated, which dilutes the clouds of flammable gases located in the enclosure, or in the direction of at least one outer opening carries and thus ejects, or discharges.
  • the term "at an outer opening” is therefore to be understood functionally such that the jet curtain is arranged spatially at or near the outer opening, that the clouds of combustible gases diluted and preferably carried in the direction of at least one outer opening and so discharged from the enclosure , or be discharged. Frequently, the jet curtain covers the at least one outer opening completely or at least partially.
  • the enclosure often contains devices for the production, processing or storage of combustible gases.
  • Corresponding devices are for example reactors, tanks or compressed gas cylinders, heat exchangers, columns or entire plants or lines.
  • the combustible gas may be selected from any combustible gases whose density does not exceed the density of air (at identical temperature and pressure). Flammable gases used in accordance with the invention thus do not sink to the bottom of the enclosure in a corresponding enclosure.
  • combustible gases examples include acetylene, hydrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide, coking gas, landfill gas, town gas, biogas, synthesis gas, methane, or natural gas or hot, combustible gases.
  • a liquid or gas jet curtain may be produced by any suitable nonflammable gas or liquid, wherein the liquid jet curtain is not part of the invention.
  • it may be a liquid jet curtain of water.
  • It is preferably a gas jet curtain, which is formed by water vapor, air, nitrogen or mixtures thereof, preferably by steam.
  • the steam can be present at the pressure levels provided in the plant or investment environment.
  • pressure stages for water vapor typically of about 1.5 bar, 4 bar or 16 bar. Preference is given to 2 to 6 bar.
  • the removal from the housing preferably takes place in such a way that there is no ignitable mixture of the combustible gas outside the housing. This means that the effluent liquid or gas amount of the non-combustible liquid, or the non-combustible gas is controlled so that a sufficient mixing with the leaking from a combustible flammable gas and additionally with sucked air is achieved, so that not one more combustible or ignitable gas mixture results.
  • the enclosures receiving the devices for producing, processing or storing the combustible gases have one or more external openings.
  • the surface of the outer openings is at most 40%, more preferably at most 20%, in particular at most 10%, of the entire outer surfaces of the enclosure located above the ground.
  • the area of the outer openings may preferably amount to at least 0.5%, particularly preferably at least 1%, in particular at least 2%, of the entire outer surfaces of the enclosure located above the ground.
  • the enclosure is arranged on the ground and has vertical outer walls. In addition, it is closed at the top by a roof. At least one outer opening is arranged directly adjacent to the roof in the roof or in the outer walls.
  • the term "immediate” denotes a position which is arranged in the upper quarter, preferably upper fifth, in particular upper tenth of the outer walls. Particularly preferably, this outer opening is located directly on the upper edge of the outer walls and thus directly adjacent to the roof.
  • Other external openings may be provided at other locations of the enclosure, z. B. to allow the influx of outside air into the enclosure.
  • one or more outer openings can be present in the housings.
  • 1 to 5, particularly preferably 1 to 3, in particular 1 or 2 outer openings are present.
  • the formation of the gas jet curtain follows such that the clouds of combustible gases in the discharge at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, especially pass completely through the gas jet curtain, or must pass. This ensures that the jet curtain provides sufficient dilution and adequate transport of the combustible gas cloud.
  • the outer opening or outer openings may be provided for each outer opening a beam curtain. It is also possible that a jet curtain is not provided for each outer opening and the remaining outer openings serve only for the inflow of air which, diluted with the combustible gas, exits through the jet curtain and through another outer opening.
  • the enclosure will have vertical outer walls and a flat or pitched roof that rests on the outer walls.
  • the outer openings can be one have any outline. For example, they may have an angular or approximately angular outline, with one edge of the outer opening extending horizontally.
  • the gas jet curtain can be formed, for example, at an angle to the roof or the outer wall of, for example, 45 ° ⁇ 10 °. This means that the gas jet curtain does not have to impinge perpendicular to the outer opening or be parallel to it, but can impinge at an oblique angle.
  • the gas jet curtain can also be arranged on an outer wall offset inwards such that it is directed at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the roof and can additionally suck in and entrain ambient air from below.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of outer wall (Wa) and roof (Da) in the region of the jet curtain (St), which is produced by a steam line (Dam), which is provided with holes.
  • the outer wall (Wa), at the upper edge of the jet curtain (St) is formed, is offset from the roof edge inwards, resulting in an outer opening.
  • jet curtain (St) By forming the jet curtain (St) at an angle of about 40 ° with respect to the horizontal obliquely above from the interior of the housing combustible gas (light gas (Le)) is entrained, escaping from apparatuses with leakage (Ap), and from the outside environment the enclosure air (Lu) entrained, which leads to the dilution of the combustible gas.
  • all outer openings can be covered by gas jet curtains, so that the combustible gas must in each case pass through a gas jet curtain.
  • gas jet curtains Preferably, at least near the roof outer openings are covered by appropriate beam curtains.
  • the gas jet curtain is preferably produced by the exit of a gas or a liquid from a tube which has holes along its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, which may lie on the pipe surface on a common connecting line.
  • a tube with an inner diameter of about 8 cm can be used, which has approximately 5 mm diameter holes, which are provided at a distance of about 7 cm.
  • An approximately 4 m long DN 80 pipe section can thus have approximately 57 holes with a diameter of 5 mm. It can be operated with a pressure of 4 bar steam.
  • the steam curtain may have a length in the range of preferably 0.5 to 6 m, depending on the size of the outer opening to be covered.
  • the gas jet curtain is preferably triggered sensor-controlled when a leakage of the combustible gas is detected.
  • a corresponding detection and control device is known from fans that were previously provided for the discharge of appropriate combustible gases in an emergency.
  • the method of the invention can replace a conventional emergency chamber vent by fans.
  • the enclosures are not completely open at the top, since otherwise the gas can escape freely upwards.
  • the enclosure has only the smaller openings described above and thus prevents the free propagation of the flammable gas so that it is diluted by the gas or liquid jet curtain.
  • a corresponding steam jet curtain was provided in an enclosure surrounding a shell and tube reactor with acetylene dissolved in liquid acetone.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Utilisation d'un rideau de gaz formé par pulvérisation de gaz ou liquides non combustibles pour la dilution et/ou le déchargement de nuages de gaz combustibles, dont la densité ne dépasse pas la densité de l'air, issus d'enceintes qui comprennent une ou plusieurs ouvertures de sortie.
  2. Procédé de dilution et/ou de déchargement de nuages de gaz combustibles, dont la densité ne dépasse pas la densité de l'air, issus d'enceintes qui comprennent une ou plusieurs ouvertures de sortie, caractérisé en ce qu'un rideau de gaz est formé par pulvérisation de gaz ou liquides non combustibles au niveau d'au moins une ouverture de sortie, qui dilue les nuages de gaz combustibles se trouvant dans l'enceinte ou les porte dans la direction de ladite au moins une ouverture de sortie et les décharge ainsi.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'enceinte contient des dispositifs pour la fabrication, le traitement ou le stockage des gaz combustibles.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le gaz combustible est choisi parmi l'acétylène, l'hydrogène, l'ammoniac, le monoxyde de carbone, le gaz de cokerie, le gaz de décharge, le gaz de ville, le biogaz, le gaz de synthèse, le méthane, le gaz naturel ou les gaz combustibles chauds.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le rideau de gaz est formé par de la vapeur d'eau, de l'air, de l'azote ou leurs mélanges.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le déchargement de l'enceinte a lieu de sorte qu'aucun mélange inflammable du gaz combustible ne soit présent à l'extérieur de l'enceinte.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les nuages de gaz combustibles traversent le rideau de gaz à hauteur d'au moins 80 % lors du déchargement.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'enceinte est agencée sur le sol, comprend des parois extérieures essentiellement verticales et est fermée par un toit en haut, ladite au moins une ouverture de sortie étant agencée dans le toit ou dans le quart supérieur des parois extérieures.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le rideau de gaz se forme à un angle par rapport au toit ou à la paroi extérieure de 45° ± 10°.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la surface de l'ouverture de sortie représente au plus 40 % de l'ensemble des surfaces extérieures de l'enceinte.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le rideau de gaz est formé par sortie d'un gaz ou d'un liquide d'un tube qui comprend des alésages le long de son axe longitudinal perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal, qui peuvent se situer sur une ligne commune sur la surface du tube.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le rideau de vapeur présente une longueur dans la plage allant de 0,5 à 6 m.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une ouverture de sortie comprend un bord inférieur horizontal et le tube s'étend parallèlement à ce bord inférieur.
  14. Enceinte comprenant une ou plusieurs ouvertures de sortie, comprenant des dispositifs pour la formation d'un rideau de gaz agencé au niveau d'au moins une ouverture de sortie, le rideau de gaz diluant les nuages de gaz combustibles présents dans l'enceinte ou les portant dans la direction de ladite au moins une ouverture de sortie et les déchargeant ainsi, l'enceinte comprenant des parois extérieures verticales et étant fermée par un toit en haut, et au moins une ouverture de sortie étant agencée dans le quart supérieur des parois extérieures.
EP13730604.9A 2012-07-02 2013-06-25 Procédé servant à diluer des nuages de gaz combustibles et/ou servant à les écluser au-dehors Not-in-force EP2866903B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13730604.9A EP2866903B1 (fr) 2012-07-02 2013-06-25 Procédé servant à diluer des nuages de gaz combustibles et/ou servant à les écluser au-dehors

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12174577 2012-07-02
PCT/EP2013/063217 WO2014005881A2 (fr) 2012-07-02 2013-06-25 Procédé servant à diluer des nuages de gaz combustibles et/ou servant à les écluser au-dehors
EP13730604.9A EP2866903B1 (fr) 2012-07-02 2013-06-25 Procédé servant à diluer des nuages de gaz combustibles et/ou servant à les écluser au-dehors

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2866903A2 EP2866903A2 (fr) 2015-05-06
EP2866903B1 true EP2866903B1 (fr) 2016-08-24

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13730604.9A Not-in-force EP2866903B1 (fr) 2012-07-02 2013-06-25 Procédé servant à diluer des nuages de gaz combustibles et/ou servant à les écluser au-dehors

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9561392B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2866903B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2015533518A (fr)
KR (1) KR20150035780A (fr)
CN (1) CN104394942A (fr)
RU (1) RU2015103053A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014005881A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10487123B2 (en) 2014-10-16 2019-11-26 Monsanto Technology Llc Chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests
JPWO2017141876A1 (ja) * 2016-02-18 2018-12-06 出光興産株式会社 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子及び電子機器
CN110985097B (zh) * 2019-12-20 2021-09-07 安徽鹰龙工业设计有限公司 一种煤矿井下火灾发生时自救阻燃装置

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2120563A (en) 1936-06-01 1938-06-14 Lamb Edward Apparatus and method for removing gas from enclosed areas
US4187913A (en) * 1977-04-28 1980-02-12 Wilcox Silent Nozzle Man, Inc. Firehose-assembly steadying device
US4779801A (en) * 1986-04-28 1988-10-25 Donnell James W O Apparatus and process for removing smoke from burning buildings
US4703808A (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-11-03 Donnell James W O Smoke eliminator
DE3908823C1 (en) * 1989-03-18 1989-12-07 Sylvius Prof. Dr.Rer.Nat. Hartwig Steam curtain system
US4986364A (en) * 1989-12-04 1991-01-22 Clark Thomas W Dual purpose fire fighting and ventilation apparatus
FI96176C (sv) * 1993-07-16 1996-05-27 Goeran Sundholm Förfarande och anläggning för eldsläckning
CA2174677A1 (fr) 1996-04-22 1997-10-23 Trevor Wicks Lance d'incendie
FI113154B (fi) * 2001-09-19 2004-03-15 Marioff Corp Oy Palonsammutusmenetelmä ja -laitteisto
DE20119857U1 (de) * 2001-12-07 2002-08-22 FOGTEC Brandschutz GmbH & Co. KG, 51063 Köln Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden in einem eine Öffnung, insbesondere eine Türdichtung, aufweisenden Raum
JP2003290374A (ja) * 2002-03-31 2003-10-14 Nohmi Bosai Ltd 吸引式消火装置
CN1748816A (zh) * 2005-10-25 2006-03-22 张凤林 吸焰灭火法及其吸焰灭火机器
EP2153872A1 (fr) * 2008-07-23 2010-02-17 Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy Procédé pour remédier aux conséquences d'une explosion de nuage de vapeur confiné partiellement ou entièrement
CN101564581A (zh) * 2009-05-25 2009-10-28 何国苗 一种吸焰式灭火装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2866903A2 (fr) 2015-05-06
WO2014005881A3 (fr) 2014-08-28
CN104394942A (zh) 2015-03-04
US20150165250A1 (en) 2015-06-18
RU2015103053A (ru) 2016-08-20
JP2015533518A (ja) 2015-11-26
WO2014005881A2 (fr) 2014-01-09
US9561392B2 (en) 2017-02-07
KR20150035780A (ko) 2015-04-07

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