Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
  • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
  • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
  • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
  • F17C13/021—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the height as the parameter
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
  • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
  • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
  • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
  • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/013—Carbon dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
  • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
  • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
  • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
  • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
  • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
  • F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
  • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
  • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
  • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
  • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
  • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
  • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
  • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
  • F17C2250/043—Pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
  • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
  • F17C2250/061—Level of content in the vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
  • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
  • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
  • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
  • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
  • F17C2260/056—Improving fluid characteristics
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
  • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
  • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
  • F17C2265/022—Mixing fluids identical fluid

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for vaporization of carbon dioxide-rich liquid.
• US-A-2008/1 10181 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
• This process is efficient because it allows a high efficiency of CO2 recovery at relatively low energy cost (compared to alternatives). It also offers the possibility of not introducing other refrigerant gases to the site, particularly in the context of a CO2 liquefier.
• the main disadvantage is that in case of depressurization of the zones containing liquid CO2, and mainly of the zone corresponding to the vaporization of the low pressure CO2 which is the closest to the triple point, there is a risk of rapidly relaxing the liquid with production of two phases: solid and gaseous. Indeed, the CO2 phase diagram prohibits the liquid phase at a pressure of less than about 5.1 bars. This solid CO2 could clog the pipes and especially the channels of a plate heat exchanger. On the other hand, the sublimation or melting of this solid CO2 will be difficult because in the event that a liquid or solid fraction is trapped between two ice caps, the change of state could lead to breaking the equipment by overpressure. This risk during warming is accentuated by the fact that the CO2 ice is denser than the liquid, thus, when setting in ice, there is little chance of breaking equipment (contrary to what happens with 'water).
• the invention aims to protect equipment most sensitive to the presence of solid CO2, namely the pipes and especially the brazed aluminum heat exchanger where the hydraulic diameters are very small (of the order of a few millimeters).
• the principle is to increase the vaporization pressure of the liquid in the exchanger and to ensure mechanically that if the pressure of the system drops, the setting in ice will begin elsewhere than in areas with small hydraulic diameters.
• a method for vaporizing a liquid flow rich in carbon dioxide in which a first liquid flow rich in carbon dioxide is withdrawn from a chamber containing liquid rich in carbon dioxide and a gas rich in carbon dioxide, the gas being at a pressure P1, the first liquid flow is sent to a heat exchanger where it vaporizes, all the liquid of the first flow vaporizing in the heat exchanger at a pressure or more pressures greater than P1, the first vaporized flow is removed from the heat exchanger, expanded in a first expansion valve and returned to the heat exchanger where it heats up characterized in that the liquid level in the enclosure is located at a higher level above the ground than the level at which the last drop of carbon dioxide-rich liquid vaporizes in the exchanger, the difference between the two levels being H.
• H is at least 2m, preferably at least 5m.
• enclosure gas is heated in the heat exchanger.
• the vaporized flow rate expanded in the valve is mixed with the enclosure gas and heated in the heat exchanger.
• the vaporized flow rate expanded in the valve is sent to the enclosure, the vaporized flow expanded in the first valve and heated in the heat exchanger exits the heat exchanger, is expanded in a second expansion valve and sent to a compressor to be compressed.
• a portion of the second vaporized liquid flow is expanded and sent to the compressor inlet.
• a device for vaporization of a liquid flow rich in carbon dioxide comprising an enclosure containing liquid rich in carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide-rich gas, the gas being a pressure P1, a heat exchanger, a pipe for withdrawing a first carbon dioxide-rich liquid flow from the enclosure and connected to the heat exchanger, pressurizing means for increasing the pressure of all the liquid of the first flow at least one vaporization pressure greater than P1, a pipe for outputting the first vaporized flow of the heat exchanger connected to a first expansion valve for expanding the first vaporized flow to form a relaxed flow and a pipe for returning the expanded flow rate to the heat exchanger characterized in that the liquid level in the enclosure is located at a higher level above the ground than the level at which the last drop of carbon dioxide-rich liquid vaporizes in the exchanger, the difference between the two levels being H.
• H is at least 2m, preferably at least 5m.
• a pipe to send gas from the enclosure to heat up in the heat exchanger. means for mixing the expanded vaporized flow rate in the valve with the heated enclosure gas in the heat exchanger.
• the vaporized flow rate expanded in the valve is sent to the chamber, a pipe to exit the heat exchanger the vaporized flow expanded in the first valve and heated in the heat exchanger connected to a second expansion valve and a compressor.
• a liquid flow rich in carbon dioxide 1 is expanded in a valve V1 and sent to a phase separator S1.
• a gas 3 rich in carbon dioxide separates from a liquid rich in carbon dioxide 5, the liquid remaining partly in the chamber of the phase separator S1 with a liquid level.
• the gas 3 is at a pressure P1.
• a carbon dioxide-rich liquid is withdrawn from the S1 phase separator at a pressure above P1, through the liquid bath in the phase separator and down to the lowest level of a plate heat exchanger. brazed aluminum 7. The height traveled further increases its pressure.
• the liquid 5 vaporizes in a passage of the heat exchanger forming a column of liquid.
• the liquid vaporizes gradually, the last drop of liquid vaporizing at a point A, at a level h1 above the bottom of the heat exchanger.
• the liquid column has a height h1.
• the difference in height between the level A and the liquid level in the enclosure S1 is equal to H, H being greater than 1 m, or even greater than 5 m.
• the vaporized liquid 9 leaves the exchanger shortly after the level A and is expanded in a valve V2, for example up to the pressure P1.
• the addition of the valve V2 after vaporization of CO2 at low pressure makes it possible to raise the liquid CO2 pressure in the exchanger.
• This pressure drop can serve to raise the phase separator S1 containing the current liquid supply supplying the vaporization of CO2 at low pressure and thus reduce its pressure with respect to the pressure experienced in the exchanger 7.
• a hydrostatic head H of 6 meters leads to about 600mbars of pressure difference or about 10% of the 5.1 bars of the triple point.
• the gas expanded in the valve V2 is returned to the exchanger 7 at a level B above A, reheated and exits the exchanger 7 as flow 13.
• the flow 13 can be expanded in a valve V5 or can be short. circuit it.
• the flow 13 becoming 15 is sent to a first stage C1 of a compressor, compressed to form a flow 19, compressed in a second stage C2 of the compressor and produced as product 21 which is a gas rich in carbon dioxide.
• the gas 3 from the phase separator S1 is mixed with the vaporized flow rate 9 downstream of the expansion valve V2.
• the pressure of the phase separator S1 will remain at the pressure of the triple point, until all the liquid has been transformed into solid and gas.
• the best known analog is a boiling liquid: as long as the whole liquid phase is not evaporated, the temperature does not rise regardless of the heating.
• the zone at the pressure of the triple point goes down.
• the pressure of the triple point must be at the liquid-gas interface, therefore in a steady state (non-turbulent), at the surface, since the weight of the liquid increases the pressure as one sinks beneath the surface.
• this interface goes down in the supply pipe of the liquid 5 of the exchanger 7, the pressure in the latter also drops, since the hydrostatic height decreases (height H in the figure below), it then approaches the appearance of the solid phase in the exchanger 7.
• the CO2 5 is pure or at best free of heavy elements, it is possible to reduce the vaporized CO2 9 in the phase separator S1 from which the gaseous fraction 3 escapes at the head. The interest is then that the risk of sending liquid CO2 to the hot end of the exchanger E1 is reduced when the calories are not available in sufficient quantity for the vaporization of all the liquid.
• the liquid outlet 5 of the phase separator S1 should be positioned in such a way as to avoid entrainment of CO2 cubes if they have formed in the separator S1.
• a protective grid or a baffle plate could do the trick, combined with the fact that the intake of liquid does not take place at a low point. It must be remembered that CO2 ice will flow into the liquid (unlike water ice).
• valve V3 at. returning a portion 29 of CO2 vaporized at higher pressure to the suction of CO2 at low pressure (valve V3); b. the addition of a valve V5 to increase the pressure difference between the phase separator S1 and the suction of the compressor C1, C2, this gives a little more time to react in case of pressure drop at the suction of the compressor, it can thus gradually close this valve when the pressure drops;
• IGV Inlet Guide Vanes
• a new invention is to improve the energy of the system thus obtained.
• FIG. 2 shows in more detail the phase separator S1 and its connections.
• the liquid flow rich in carbon dioxide 1 is expanded in the valve V1 and sent to the phase separator S1.
• a gas 3 rich in carbon dioxide separates from a liquid rich in carbon dioxide 5, the liquid remaining partly in the chamber of the phase separator S1 with a liquid level.
• the gas 3 is at a pressure P1.
• a carbon dioxide-rich liquid is withdrawn from the S1 phase separator at a temperature of pressure above P1, thanks to the liquid bath in the phase separator.
• the opening of the valve V1 is controlled by the liquid level in the phase separator S1.
• phase separator S1 It is intended to operate continuously with the phase separator S1 at the pressure of the triple point. There will thus be constant concomitance of the three phases.
• the pressure of the phase separator S1 will thus be stabilized because as long as it contains liquid and solid, the pressure can not move away from that of the triple point.
• the suction pressure of the compressor will thus be stabilized. If it sucks too much, solid will be created in the separator S1 by rapid formation of liquid in solid and gas. If it does not suck enough, the level of the separator S1 will tend to rise and the supply valve V1 will close.
• a deflector plate 41 and grid system 43, combined with a lateral liquid outlet 35, 37 will help to avoid driving most of the solid.
• the liquid outlets 35, 37 are connected to the vertical wall of the phase separator and not to the tank.
• the liquid withdrawn by the pipe 35 and the open valve V8 and the liquid drawn off by the pipe 37 and the open valve V7 are mixed to form the liquid flow 5.
• the grids 43 are installed around the liquid outlets to prevent the solid from coming out.
• a baffle plate is installed above each outlet 35, 37 to prevent the solid from descending to the outlet.
• a liquid rich in carbon dioxide contains at least 75 mol%. of carbon dioxide, or at least 85 mol%. of carbon dioxide, or even at least 95 mol%. of carbon dioxide.

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• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-13 FR FR1256777A patent/FR2993343B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 2013-07-05 AU AU2013288493A patent/AU2013288493B2/en active Active
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