EP2880314B1 - Dispositif de transport par capillarité de liquides, utilisation et procédé de production d'un tel dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif de transport par capillarité de liquides, utilisation et procédé de production d'un tel dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2880314B1
EP2880314B1 EP13747957.2A EP13747957A EP2880314B1 EP 2880314 B1 EP2880314 B1 EP 2880314B1 EP 13747957 A EP13747957 A EP 13747957A EP 2880314 B1 EP2880314 B1 EP 2880314B1
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Prior art keywords
capillary
transport
capillaries
liquid
directed
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2880314B8 (fr
EP2880314A1 (fr
Inventor
Philipp COMANNS
Werner Baumgartner
Frank Bernhardt
Kai WINANDS
Kristian ARNTZ
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
    • F04B19/006—Micropumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F7/00—Pumps displacing fluids by using inertia thereof, e.g. by generating vibrations therein
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for capillary transport of liquids according to the preamble of claim 1, the use of such a device and a method for producing such a device.
  • a capillary is a cavity in which fluid contained therein can dominate surface effects against viscosity and inertial effects. Taking advantage of this peculiarity, capillaries are used in various processes to process, investigate or even transport liquids in a targeted manner. Capillaries are also used in capillary pumps for autonomous microfluidic systems ( Zimmermann, M. et al .; Capillary pumps for autonomous capillary systems; Lab Chip 2007, 7, 119-125 ).
  • Capillaries may be closed or partially open.
  • the transport direction of the liquid is determined by the orientation of the capillary.
  • the transport effect is due to the surface tension of the liquid in the capillary and the interfacial tension between the liquid and the solid surface of the capillary. Furthermore, surface friction also plays a role.
  • the liquid rises in a capillary until the capillary force equals the counteracting gravity of the liquid.
  • the rise height depends on the properties of the capillary (eg material parameters, capillary cross-section) as well as the liquid (eg contact angle, surface tension).
  • Round-section closed-cap mathematical models are usually based on the Lukas-Washburn equation or its modifications. For closed capillaries of rectangular cross section, a hydraulic radius is introduced. For capillaries, whose circular cross section varies in sections, Young (2004) has modeled capillary liquid transport via the Lukas-Washburn equation.
  • capillaries z As partially open capillaries z. For example, described in the form of cavities between two parallel plates. Furthermore, there are also channel-shaped capillaries whose cross-section z. B. is V-shaped or U-shaped.
  • a device of the type mentioned is from the EP 2 339 184 A2 discloses a device for transporting liquids in the vertical or horizontal direction, are used in the partially open capillaries, wherein different contact angles between the liquid and the surface of the respective capillary to form a fluid transport controlling hydrodynamic force are utilized.
  • the aim is to minimize the consumption of energy-external sources.
  • Described are channels whose inner surface is divided into regions of different chemical compositions, which thereby have different contact angles or contact angle gradients.
  • Such chemical contact angle heterogeneities may be annular or helical and allow transport of liquid droplets.
  • the contact angle heterogeneities can also be generated by a sawtooth-shaped geometry on the inside or annular or helical protuberances. Overcoming any points of discontinuity is achieved by supplying external energy.
  • a capillary having an asymmetric, sawtooth-like internal surface structure is known.
  • the asymmetry refers to an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the capillary surface.
  • the disclosed nonmechanical fluid transport is based on the Leidenfrost effect and must be thermally driven.
  • Buguin (Ratchet-like topological structures for the control of microdrops; Appl. Phys. A 75,207 - 212 (2202 )) also describes directional drop movement in a sawtooth channel, but driven by an electric field or vibration.
  • capillaries with an asymmetric internal surface structure are known, which results in a resultant force in the case of a drop arranged therein.
  • additional energy eg. B. required by a fluid pressure to overcome the conditional by the roughness of the surface structure resistance force.
  • non-capillary surface structures are used in order to throttle the flow velocity in the edge region and thereby produce a more homogeneous flow in broad capillaries. The same is in EP 1 201 304 B1 disclosed. Non-capillary surface structures are also known from the above WO 2007/035511 A2 known.
  • the aforementioned prior art relates essentially to undirected spreading or the directional transport of individual liquid drops. It is thus the transport of very small amounts of liquid on usually short transport routes.
  • it has not yet been possible to transport liquids on surfaces or in materials with capillary properties both capillary and, from any desired location, exclusively or at least predominantly in one direction.
  • Appropriate approaches in microfluidics exist in partially open capillary systems, but due to the small size spectrum they can only be used to a limited extent and are also susceptible to wear.
  • the DE 103 09 695 A1 discloses a method for joining plastic pipes for producing capillary tube mats, in which a molding tool is used with which the internal cross section of a closed capillary tube to be welded to a collecting pipe can be formed.
  • the DE 10 2009 038 019 A1 discloses methods of making channel structures for a bioreactor using punching, laser ablation, embossing, or micro-milling techniques.
  • the EP 0 058 019 A2 discloses a tool for forming a spinneret capillary using spark erosion to form the spinneret orifice.
  • the invention concerned here is the technical problem of providing a device of the type mentioned above, with the capillary liquid transport can be made faster and directionally discriminated. Furthermore, uses of the device and methods for producing such a device are to be proposed.
  • the passive, ie without external force, directed liquid transport in the capillary is based on claim 1 that at least two of the capillaries are connected to each other in the transport direction of the liquid via at least one capillary passageway.
  • a passageway connecting the capillaries constitutes a functional connection designed in such a way that any local stopping of the liquid to be transported in the one capillary is overcome by liquid supply from the other capillary via the passageway.
  • the capillaries are preferably connected to one another via a plurality of passage channels, ie via at least two, more preferably at least three, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least ten passage channels.
  • the passageway which is also capillary in nature, provides for the formation of another fluid front that connects to the stopped fluid front and thus creates a new entire fluid front that continues to passively move for at least a certain distance.
  • Liquid fronts are also referred to below as menisci.
  • the capillaries are connected to one another via the passage channels, which can change in cross section, ie are a communicating system, the overall structure of capillaries and passage channels forms a common capillary structure, to which the capillaries according to the claim definition belong as a substructure.
  • Passage channels in the sense of the invention are understood as meaning the regions of the capillary structure in which an additional meniscus forms in order to transport liquid from one capillary to the other.
  • the passageway ends in each case where an association with a meniscus of the supplied capillary takes place.
  • the device according to the invention may be designed such that the at least two capillaries each have a plurality of transport sections arranged successively in the direction of transport and arranged for passive capillary transport.
  • the transport sections each end in a stop position, which is suitable to interrupt the undisturbed passive directional liquid transport.
  • the passageways each have a channel exit near the stop location, in particular in the transport direction behind the stop location and adjacent to the stop location, so that a union of the meniscus of the passageway with the capillary to be supplied is achieved.
  • the meniscus of the capillary may also stop forward before the stop site. If the distance to the stop is sufficiently small, the menisci can nevertheless be united.
  • the mutually connected via the passageways capillaries provide each other alternately with the overcoming a stop point for the capillary onward transport required liquid.
  • the stop site may be, for example, an edge in a wall structure of the capillary.
  • the directional transport means that there is at least one preferred direction for the transport.
  • the capillary system may e.g. cause the transport in a forward direction, but completely prevent a reverse transport opposite thereto.
  • the directional transport but also includes a variant in which in addition to the forward transport and a reverse transport can take place, but is slowed down to the forward transport.
  • the asymmetric transport in different directions is particularly possible when the capillary system is driven by a fluid source, e.g. an overlying drop, is fed.
  • the directional transport also includes multidimensional systems in which the liquid transport can branch, so are more than two capillaries that extend two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally in different directions and the liquid transport in preferred directions is faster and slowed down or prevented in other directions of Kapillarverall becomes.
  • the directional transport further includes variants in which rear menisci are retightened in a preferred direction.
  • the sequence is, for example, as follows for two capillaries connected to one another via passage channels.
  • the liquid forms a first meniscus, which progresses due to capillary forces until it comes to rest in the region of a first stop position.
  • the following transport section is supplied with liquid from the second capillary via at least one of the passage channels in which a further meniscus forms. This is possible because in the second capillary also a liquid transport has taken place and a part of the liquid of the second capillary has entered the entrance of the passageway.
  • the further meniscus of the passage channel combines at the exit of the passageway with the one at the stop or in its vicinity first meniscus to a common meniscus that overcomes the stop, so that the directional transport in the stopper following transport section of the first capillary continues to the region of a second stop location.
  • the liquid of the first capillary passes the entrance of at least one further passageway, which then supplies the second capillary with liquid in a corresponding manner in order to overcome a stop of the liquid transport there.
  • This principle can also be realized in interaction with more than two capillaries, e.g. three or more capillaries are mutually connected by passageways. This can also be realized in such a way that a first passage channel connects a first and a second capillary, a second passageway connects the second and a third capillary, and a third passageway connects the third capillary again with the first capillary. This principle can be extended further.
  • a capillary with two or more capillaries is connected via passageways.
  • the structure of the capillaries can be designed so that the above-described effect of the passive transport by means of the passage channels is achieved only in a certain direction of the course of the involved capillary.
  • the structure of the capillaries is constructed asymmetrically in such a way that the additional menisci formed there stop in a direction opposite to the desired transport direction, without reaching the passage channel necessary for filling the cavity of the adjacent capillary, which is the respective meniscus.
  • the structures are selected such that the menisci directed backwards, that is, opposite to the desired transport direction, is a have significantly less curvature or assume a straight or convex (outwardly bent) shape.
  • the posterior meniscus in the capillaries preferably has a slightly concave shape or at least a smaller curvature than one of the anterior menisci in the capillaries.
  • the desired effect of the transport sections liquid passively by capillary force, i. without external force, to transport directionally, e.g. be achieved by a suitable geometry of the capillaries.
  • the transport sections have a decreasing in the transport direction cross-section.
  • the cross section can widen again, preferably discontinuously in a sudden cross-sectional widening, so that a new transport section which reduces in cross-section can follow.
  • the effect of the transport sections can also be achieved by the material of the inner surfaces of the capillary, e.g. by suitable coatings or by micro or nanostructuring.
  • a stop location may e.g. be formed by an expansion of the cross section of the capillary.
  • a stop may also include a change in the surface material or surface structure, e.g. the roughness, at least in a partial region of the capillary be achieved.
  • the capillary wall may be round in cross-section or have any cross-sectional shape, e.g. Include floor and / or side walls.
  • closed capillaries are meant those capillaries which, apart from inputs or outputs of Passageways which pierce the circumference and connect capillaries are closed on the full circumference.
  • Partially open are all capillaries that are not closed, z. For example, such as those produced by two parallel or substantially parallel plates, those with u-shaped, v-shaped cross-section or cross-sections with irregular shapes, which are open in at least one longitudinal direction.
  • front menisci and rear menisci are formed in the transport direction.
  • the front menisci move in the manner described above, even further due to the capillary forces steadily, while in the backward direction, the rear menisci remain at the latest at a stop point, unless external forces cause their overcoming, but at least in relation to speed the anterior menisci are much slower. Movement of the anterior menisci in the direction of transport continues as long as the fluid source feeds the capillaries.
  • the movement behavior of the supply from a liquid source can also depend in closed capillaries.
  • Capillaries may extend along a planar or curved surface or three-dimensionally, and z. B. create a sponge-like structure.
  • Capillaries according to the invention can also be formed by fiber material, for example from solid fibers or hollow fibers. Hollow fibers can form even closed capillaries. However, a hollow fiber can also have a first internal structure, as well may be fibrous. This internal structure may be regular or irregular on the surface.
  • the device according to the invention may also be a textile, for.
  • sanitary articles such as diapers or sanitary towels, or other liquid collecting fabrics, e.g. for picking up oil.
  • the device according to the invention may be part of a tool, in particular a cutting tool.
  • the capillaries thereon may be used, in particular, to supply liquid, e.g. Coolant, lubricant or cooling lubricant, serve at a processing point.
  • liquid e.g. Coolant, lubricant or cooling lubricant
  • closed or partially open capillaries can be provided. In this way, the liquid can be introduced a few millimeters away from the cutting edge in a supply area. This can reduce the amount of liquid. Furthermore, the energy for supplying the liquid can be reduced.
  • the device according to the invention can also be a tool mold.
  • the error-free removal of a component from a mold is a decisive process step.
  • a large amount of release agent is often used to avoid inadequate wetting of the mold.
  • the use of resources can be significantly reduced if the mold is provided with wetting capillaries.
  • the effectiveness and effectiveness of the wetting can be increased.
  • the device according to the invention may advantageously also be a means for the metered supply of liquid in other applications, in particular for the transport of solder material during the soldering of electronic components.
  • the amount of solder can be dosed in accordance with the application in order to achieve an optimum result when contacting the printed conductors.
  • the motherboards are structured prior to contacting with capillaries.
  • the device according to the invention can be a sensor.
  • the possible directional transport liquids can be fed to a sensor. It is possible to split liquids through the defined structure of the capillaries and to disassemble into individual components. In the case of blood, this can, for. As the separation of blood plasma and blood cells.
  • the microstructuring of the capillaries due to the given geometry can either lead the components into different channels or serve as a kind of particle trap in which the particles, e.g. As the blood cells, caught, the remaining liquid, however, continues to flow.
  • the capillaries would thus act as a filter here. It is conceivable, several such structure fields, eg. B. cascaded, to line up to produce filter stages.
  • a fluid could not only be split into two components (eg, liquid and solid), but optionally it would also be possible to separate different liquids and different solids at the same time, and even divert them into different component regions.
  • the device according to the invention can also serve as a moisture sensor.
  • moisture precipitation and sometimes associated with ice formation eg. As in the field of aviation, a critical point.
  • a device according to the invention can be designed so that the capillary microstructures on the sensor moisture from the environment, eg. B. condense the air and selectively lead to an area on the sensor to analyze there the degree of humidity or to detect an incipient ice formation by determining the amount of flow.
  • Another use of the condensation effect would be the dehumidification of interiors, especially of interiors of technical equipment, such. As of refrigerators to prevent too fast spoiling of food due to excessive air humidity or of electronic cabinets in which a high humidity can lead to short circuits and damage.
  • the capillary surface structures could trigger condensation and purposely drain the condensate into a reservoir.
  • the device according to the invention can be used for the separation of constituents from a fluid substance.
  • she can also for Oil / water separation can be used. This can be used advantageously in brake systems and bearings or in process engineering equipment, z. B. to prepare brake fluids and hydraulic oils or to clean reservoir in case of contamination.
  • the device according to the invention may also be a structure which is used for heat exchange or for heat removal.
  • So z. B. Destiller which are installed in process engineering plants, often made of copper.
  • the surfaces are easily provided with the capillary structures in the appropriate manner. As a result, the surface is quantitatively increased on the one hand and on the other hand can be influenced by the appropriate capillary structures of the liquid transport targeted to increase the cooling capacity or heat exchange.
  • the capillary structures of the device according to the invention can be produced by different reductive or generative methods, for example mechanically, for. B. by cutting, especially by micro-milling, thermally, for. B. by abrasive laser machining, chemical, z. B. by etching, electrically, for. B. by erosion or by a combination of these mechanisms, for. B. electrically electro-chemical processes, such as the ECM process.
  • capillary structures are forming processes, such.
  • embossing in which the capillary structures are produced by material displacement or material displacement, or urformende method, eg.
  • urformende method eg.
  • injection molding or die casting in which the capillary structures are generated by forming outlines in forms replicative or directly building by generative methods.
  • capillary structures may be formed by the processing of material fibers, e.g. Solid material fibers, hybrid material fibers or a combination with additional, enveloping hollow fibers and by the production of e.g. Fiber braids, fiber fabrics, fiber fabrics, fiber knitted or fiber knitted fabrics are produced.
  • material fibers e.g. Solid material fibers, hybrid material fibers or a combination with additional, enveloping hollow fibers
  • Fiber braids e.g. Fiber braids, fiber fabrics, fiber fabrics, fiber knitted or fiber knitted fabrics are produced.
  • the devices according to the invention may consist of different materials or be composed of different materials, preferably these materials are metals, metal alloys, hard metals or carbides, polymer or mineral based materials, glass, composites or ceramics.
  • the production of the capillary structures can be coupled to the manufacture of the device itself, so that no separate manufacturing step is necessary. This is particularly useful in connection with capillary structure devices made of fibers or fibrous materials.
  • the capillary structure can be incorporated in the manufacture of fibers, a fiber-operatively coupled part, a textile or a polymer-based, foamed or porous material.
  • Each individual fiber may itself have a capillary structure or e.g. the fiber composite as a whole form the capillary structure.
  • laser radiation can be used in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • very fine capillary structures can be brought to surfaces in an effective manner, which will generally be partially open capillaries.
  • the capillary structures can be too costly and expensive.
  • the negative structures can be incorporated into the Siriterform. This in turn can be done preferably with the aid of laser radiation, since the sintering mold can be used in many ways.
  • Fig. 4 shows a principle known from the prior art asymmetric, here half-sawtooth surface structure of a capillary 1 with a smooth side wall 2 and a sawtooth-shaped side wall 3, between which a liquid droplet 4 is located.
  • the capillary geometry causes different curvatures of a front liquid surface 5 and a rear liquid surface 6.
  • At the front liquid surface 5 there is a pressure difference, wherein the pressure P K, i directed into the drop interior is smaller than the outwardly directed pressure P K, a .
  • the curvature is directed opposite and the outward pressure P K, a is smaller than the pressure P K, i directed into the drop interior. If external forces are not present, it results from the pressure conditions that the liquid is transported capillary in the transport direction (arrow 7), the transport running until a stable position of the drop 4 has been found.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show schematically in cross section an embodiment of a capillary structure, as may be provided on a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows two capillaries, which are referred to below as upper capillary 8 and lower capillary 9.
  • the properties "top” and “bottom” refer only to the pictorial representation and not to a possible orientation of the capillary in space.
  • This may be a partly open capillary structure with upper side wall 10 and lower side wall 11 between which a central structure 12 is arranged.
  • the capillary structure is limited perpendicular to the plane of the drawing down by a bottom not shown separately here.
  • the capillary structure is open.
  • the directed transport of the liquid mass 13 initially runs to the corner 15 of the middle structure 12.
  • the corner 15 is defined as well each vertex mentioned below, one stop each for liquid transport in the affected capillary.
  • the liquid mass in the upper capillary 8 runs due to the interplay of geometry and contact angle 16 to the vertex 25.
  • the upper meniscus 18 is shown for upper capillary 8 and the lower meniscus 19 for the lower capillary 9.
  • the position 18a of the meniscus 18 is additionally drawn in an earlier stage.
  • the liquid mass 13 in the upper capillary 8 has already exceeded the entrance of a passage 20 which connects the upper capillary 8 to the lower capillary 9 in the end position indicated by the meniscus 18.
  • the passageway 20 is in turn a capillary, which is why liquid from the liquid mass 13 from the upper capillary moves due to the capillary forces through the passageway 20 to the lower capillary 9 and there forms a further meniscus 21, which runs to the corner 15.
  • the two menisci 19 and 21 merge and unite into a common new meniscus 22, as in Fig. 2 is drawn in an intermediate position 22a and a preliminary end position 22.
  • the liquid mass 13 On the way to the preliminary end position 22, the liquid mass 13 has overflowed a second passage 23, which in turn connects the lower capillary 9 with the upper capillary 8.
  • a second passage 23 through the liquid passes from the lower liquid mass 13 due to the capillary forces into the upper capillary 8 and forms there the other meniscus 24, which combines at the vertex 25 with the other meniscus 18 to a new common meniscus 26, the in Fig. 3 is shown on its way to the corner 27.
  • the described behavior of the liquid mass 13 continues through the further passage channels 28 and 29, so that a further transport of the liquid mass 13 takes place in the transport direction 14.
  • z. B. is achieved by adding a drop of liquid to the open side of the capillary structure.
  • Fig. 5 shows the capillary structure of the FIGS. 1 to 3 mirrored, so that in the FIGS. 1 to 3 given transport direction 14 must be displayed here from right to left running. Contrary to the transport direction 14, the progression of the liquid mass 13 is reduced or prevented, since the capillaries in the region of the drawn menisci 30 and 31 expand in such a way that the menisci have a significantly smaller curvature or receive a straight or convex shape.
  • the liquid mass 13 in this direction does not reach or at least delays the passage channels 40 or 41, as a result of which a directed liquid transport is thus achieved by means of the capillaries 8 and 9.
  • a liquid droplet applied to such a structure or a plurality of such capillary structures thus distributes alone or at least predominantly in the transport direction 14.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 The graphic representation in the Fig. 1 to 3 serves for the schematic clarification of the principle.
  • a further variant of a capillary structure according to the invention is shown, which has been successfully tested in practice.
  • outer side walls 50 and 51 are provided with asymmetrical sequences of cross-sectional changes.
  • the transport of a liquid mass 52 runs in the direction of the arrow 53.
  • the liquid mass 52 moves in an upper capillary 54 in the transport direction 53 as far as a first stop location 56.
  • a liquid meniscus 57 assumes a substantially non-curved shape.
  • a lower branch of the liquid mass 52 forms a further meniscus 58, which is still strongly concave (curved toward the inside of the liquid) and advances in the lower capillary 55 in the transport direction 53.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 An alternative capillary structure show the FIGS. 6 and 7 wherein the capillary structure is formed by fibers 32.
  • the fibers have an asymmetrical structure with respect to a plane perpendicular to their longitudinal direction, resulting in a directed transport through the capillaries 33 formed between the fibers 32.
  • sectional drawings "A”, “B” and “C” of the Fig. 7 the arrangement of the fibers 32 in a dense package becomes clear.
  • passageways 34 are shown in the sectional drawings "B” and "C”.
  • the capillary structure of FIGS. 6 and 7 can be limited by side walls, which are not shown here.
  • the capillary structure can be partially open or closed.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 is in a corresponding representation to the FIGS. 6 and 7 an alternative arrangement of the fibers 32 shown with denser packing. After that, the fibers 32 are offset from each other in such a way that the asymmetry of the capillary cavities is increased.
  • the denser packing can make it easier to override stop sites by merging menisci.
  • Fig. 10 shows an outer hollow fiber 36, which wraps around an inner fiber 35 and having numerous openings 37 at its periphery.
  • another variant of a capillary structure can be formed by packing a plurality of such combinations of enveloping hollow fiber 36 and inner fiber 35 into a bundle.
  • the openings 37 form the passageways between adjacent capillaries.
  • the number of openings 37 can also be chosen to be much lower than in Fig. 10 shown. It is crucial that the function of passageways in accordance with the Invention is satisfied.
  • Each inner fiber 35 may be a solid fiber, as in FIG Fig. 10 represented, or a hollow fiber.
  • a plurality of inner fibers 35 may be provided in the hollow fiber 36.

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Claims (25)

  1. Dispositif de transport capillaire dirigé de liquides, comprenant au moins deux capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55), les au moins deux capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) étant configurés de telle sorte qu'un transport capillaire dirigé passif du liquide s'effectue au moins dans certaines portions, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) sont reliés l'un à l'autre dans le sens du transport du liquide par le biais d'au moins un canal de passage capillaire (20, 23, 28, 29, 34, 40, 41, 59, 63).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    a) les au moins deux capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) possèdent respectivement plusieurs portions de transport disposées successivement dans le sens du transport et conçues pour le transport capillaire dirigé passif,
    b) les portions de transport se terminent respectivement en un point d'arrêt (15, 25, 27, 56, 62) adapté à l'interruption du transport de liquide dirigé passif non perturbé, et
    c) au moins l'un des canaux de passage (20, 23, 28, 29, 34, 40, 41, 59, 63) possède respectivement une sortie de canal proche du point d'arrêt (15, 25, 27, 56, 62), notamment derrière le point d'arrêt (15, 25, 27, 56, 62) dans le sens du transport, et juxtaposée au point d'arrêt (15, 25, 27, 56, 62).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des portions de transport possède une section transversale des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) qui se rétrécit dans le sens du transport.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins le transport dirigé est produit par le matériau de la surface d'au moins une paroi latérale de capillaire.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des points d'arrêt (15, 25, 27, 56, 62) est formé par un élargissement de la section transversale.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des points d'arrêt (15, 25, 27, 56, 62) est formé par une modification dans le matériau de la surface d'au moins une zone partielle de la paroi de capillaire.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) produisent, au moins dans une quantité partielle, une structure spongieuse.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) est au moins également formé par du matériau fibreux.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par au moins une fibre creuse (36).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la fibre creuse (36) entoure une structure capillaire interne (35).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) est en partie ouvert.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) partiellement ouverts fait partie d'une surface.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est un outil d'enlèvement de copeaux.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est un textile.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est un capteur.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est un moule à outil.
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est un moyen destiné à un acheminement dosé d'un liquide.
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif possède une fonction d'échangeur de chaleur.
  19. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 pour la séparation d'éléments constitutifs d'une substance fluide.
  20. Utilisation selon la revendication 19 pour la séparation huile-eau.
  21. Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de transport capillaire dirigé de liquides, avec lequel au moins deux capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) sont produits, lesquels sont configurés de telle sorte qu'un transport capillaire dirigé passif du liquide s'effectue au moins dans certaines portions et au moins deux des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) sont reliés l'un à l'autre dans le sens du transport du liquide par le biais d'au moins un canal de passage capillaire (20, 23, 28, 29, 34, 40, 41, 59, 63).
  22. Procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de la structure capillaire est produite au moyen d'un rayonnement laser.
  23. Procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une quantité partielle des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) partiellement ouverts, disposés sur une surface du dispositif, est produite au moyen d'un outil de moulage, notamment un moule de frittage.
  24. Procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une quantité partielle des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) partiellement ouverts, disposés sur une surface du dispositif, est produite au moyen d'un procédé de fraisage, notamment au moyen d'un procédé de microfraisage.
  25. Procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une quantité partielle des capillaires (8, 9, 33, 54, 55) partiellement ouverts, disposés sur une surface du dispositif, est produite au moyen d'un procédé EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining - usinage par électroérosion).
EP13747957.2A 2012-06-28 2013-06-28 Dispositif de transport par capillarité de liquides, utilisation et procédé de production d'un tel dispositif Active EP2880314B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012012884 2012-06-28
DE102012021603.3A DE102012021603A1 (de) 2012-06-28 2012-11-06 Strukturierung bzw. Anordnung von Oberflächen zum gerichteten Transport von Flüssigkeiten in Kapillaren
PCT/DE2013/100234 WO2014000735A1 (fr) 2012-06-28 2013-06-28 Dispositif de transport capillaire de liquides, utilisation et procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif

Publications (3)

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EP2880314A1 EP2880314A1 (fr) 2015-06-10
EP2880314B1 true EP2880314B1 (fr) 2016-09-28
EP2880314B8 EP2880314B8 (fr) 2017-02-22

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US (1) US9821308B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2880314B8 (fr)
CA (1) CA2875722C (fr)
DE (1) DE102012021603A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014000735A1 (fr)

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DE102015001461A1 (de) 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen Passiver gerichteter Flüssigkeitstransport senkrecht zu einer Oberfläche
WO2017188977A1 (fr) 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Surface pour le transport directionnel de fluide
US10927853B2 (en) * 2017-03-29 2021-02-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Surface for directional fluid transport including against external pressure
CN108927233A (zh) * 2018-09-06 2018-12-04 广州大学 一种无外力控制单向液体运输的微流控芯片结构及其制作方法
CA3097579A1 (en) 2019-10-28 2021-04-28 Op-Hygiene Ip Gmbh Method of identifying biologic particles
JP7734545B2 (ja) * 2021-09-22 2025-09-05 スタンレー電気株式会社 成形構造体
CN121042297B (zh) * 2025-10-31 2026-02-03 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 基于Leidenfrost效应的表面自清洁方法

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Publication number Publication date
EP2880314B8 (fr) 2017-02-22
US20160167043A1 (en) 2016-06-16
US9821308B2 (en) 2017-11-21
EP2880314A1 (fr) 2015-06-10
DE102012021603A1 (de) 2014-01-23
CA2875722C (fr) 2020-02-18
WO2014000735A1 (fr) 2014-01-03
CA2875722A1 (fr) 2014-01-03

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