EP2885582A2 - Brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur

Info

Publication number
EP2885582A2
EP2885582A2 EP13750036.9A EP13750036A EP2885582A2 EP 2885582 A2 EP2885582 A2 EP 2885582A2 EP 13750036 A EP13750036 A EP 13750036A EP 2885582 A2 EP2885582 A2 EP 2885582A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
burner
fuel
combustion chamber
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13750036.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2885582B1 (fr
Inventor
Axel Widenhorn
Roland STOLL
Dominik LEBKÜCHNER
Thilo KISSEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Duerr Systems AG filed Critical Duerr Systems AG
Publication of EP2885582A2 publication Critical patent/EP2885582A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2885582B1 publication Critical patent/EP2885582B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/54—Reverse-flow combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03282—High speed injection of air and/or fuel inducing internal recirculation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for producing hot gas with a flame tube which can be connected to a turbine and which is arranged in an air guiding device surrounding the flame tube, in which a flow path for air is formed, and with a burner head fixed to a base, which is responsible for the Supplying air mixed fuel into the fire tube having a plurality of nozzle channels communicating with the air flow path in the air guide device into which a fuel nozzle fixed to the base projects.
  • Such burners are used in particular for the operation of micro gas turbines. They have a burner head, which typically contains 4 to 20 nozzle channels with fuel nozzles arranged therein, fixed to a burner flange base. In a rearward, away from the burner head portion, the fuel nozzles pass through holes in the burner flange base.
  • the fuel nozzles have connection devices for tubular or tubular fuel lines, which are generally connected to a fuel distributor ring arranged outside the burner. To ensure that leaks do not occur in such burners, careful sealing of the fuel jets to the burner flange base is required. This has a high production and assembly costs result.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a burner for generating hot gas with a connectable to a turbine flame tube, which has a robust construction and can be produced inexpensively.
  • a burner of the type mentioned in the introduction in which the fuel nozzles for supplying fuel are connected to a fuel plenum formed in the base, which can be connected to a fuel supply line.
  • the invention is based on the idea that a burner in which the fuel nozzles do not penetrate the base but are connected to an annular channel formed in the base can have a comparatively simple, less expensive construction.
  • the burner can then be constructed with a reduced number of sealing surfaces and seals, which allows reducing manufacturing costs. To supply the burner with fuel then no complex distribution system is necessary, with which the fuel is distributed to different fuel nozzles.
  • the fuel plenum may, in particular, be a ring channel formed in the base and received in the base.
  • the fuel plenum is designed as a circular groove covered by a cover member on one side of the base.
  • the side of the base on which the annular groove is formed may be facing or facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • One idea of the invention is, in particular, to fix the fuel nozzles in the burner on a holding device covering the annular channel. With the holding device these fuel nozzles are preferably welded or screwed.
  • An inexpensive manufacture of the fuel nozzles is made possible by being made of a preferably temperature-resistant, provided with a core hole rod material.
  • By forming the base of the burner as a flange part it is possible to connect the burner with the flange part z. B. to attach to the pressure housing of a turbine. It is favorable if the burner head has a burner head body with a plurality of nozzle channels communicating with the air guide device and surrounds a pilot combustion chamber which is open to the flame tube and communicates with the air guide device.
  • the air flow path is here routed, if possible at least in sections, for cooling the burner head body means by flowing air along the burner head to a burner head outer surface.
  • the pilot combustion chamber can then be supplied with fuel via a pilot fuel nozzle assigned to the pilot combustion chamber. By supplying fuel through the pilot fuel nozzle, it is possible to ignite the burner with an igniter.
  • the flame formed in the pilot combustion chamber also serves to stabilize combustion in the burner. In addition, by adjusting the flame formed in the pilot combustion chamber, it is possible to control the burner while also stabilizing the flame of the burner.
  • the pilot combustion chamber is preferably formed in an insert fixed to the base, which has a pilot combustion chamber wall protruding into the burner head.
  • the pilot combustion chamber wall can be cooled with air which flows through at least one flow channel which communicates with the air guidance device and is formed between the insert and the burner head.
  • a plurality of air ducts opening into the base-side opening of the bottom wall of the burner head body and communicating with the air-guiding device are provided.
  • the burner head body can also have a wall delimiting the pilot combustion chamber with a wall surface acting as a combustion chamber wall surface.
  • the burner head body is here cooled with air, which flows along the flow paths for air at the burner head outer surface of the burner head body and then passes through the nozzle channels into the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber wall surface for the pilot combustion chamber is covered with a thermal protective layer.
  • the air guide means preferably comprises an air guide tube held on the base in a resiliently elastic bearing which can be moved for balancing thermal expansions relative to the base. This makes it possible to keep the thermal stresses in the burner low.
  • the resilient bearing may comprise a spring received on the base, which supports a spring leg fixed to the air guide tube. It is advantageous if the air duct tube can be displaced on the strut in a base facing portion in a cup-shaped over the air duct tube and thereby preferably rotationally symmetrical baffle that deflects the air introduced through the air guide tube into the nozzle channels to in this way the To supply the burner with optimized air flow.
  • the invention also extends to a method for producing hot gas with a burner which has a flame tube and a burner head body and which has a combustion chamber arranged in the flame tube and a combustion chamber. NEN surrounded by the burner head body has pilot combustion chamber, which is open to the combustion chamber.
  • air is supplied into the pilot combustion chamber and injected fuel. The fuel supplied to the pilot combustion chamber is ignited.
  • air and fuel are fed into the combustion chamber as an air-fuel mixture, which is then burned in the combustion chamber.
  • the air supplied into the combustion chamber and the fuel supplied into the combustion chamber are preferably fed into the combustion chamber without twisting as a technically premixed air-fuel mixture.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of a burner for generating hot gas
  • Figure 2 shows a portion of the burner with fuel nozzles, a burner flange and a burner head.
  • FIG. 3 shows a holding device for the fuel nozzles of the burner.
  • FIG. 4 shows the holding device with a plurality of fuel nozzles in the burner flange.
  • Fig. 5 shows a portion of another burner with fuel nozzles, a burner flange and a burner head.
  • the burner 10 shown in FIG. 1 is designed for generating hot gas.
  • the burner 10 has a flanged tube 12, which is held in an air guiding device 14 and surrounds a combustion chamber 15.
  • the air guiding device 14 of the burner 10 is fixed to a base 34 designed as a burner flange.
  • the burner 10 includes a burner head 16.
  • the burner head 16 is designed as a hollow cylinder having an axis 19 and a plurality of nozzle channels formed in the cylinder wall and arranged azimuthally relative to one another 20 having a through hole parallel to the axis 19. Each of these nozzle channels 20 opens into the combustion chamber 15.
  • a fuel nozzle 17 protrudes into the nozzle channels 20.
  • the flame tube 12 engages over the burner head 16 and bears against the outside of the burner head 16 with its inner side on a section acting as a guide section for the flame tube 12.
  • the flame tube 12 is linearly movably guided on the burner head 16 in the direction of the axis 19 to allow for the compensation of the thermal expansion of the flame tube 12 in the operation of the burner 10.
  • the air supplied from behind via the air guiding device 14 flows around the fuel nozzle 17 and surrounds the gaseous or even liquid fuel injected coaxially with the fuel nozzle 17 into the nozzle channels.
  • the air flow paths 21 are routed along the burner head outer surface of the burner head body 18 to thereby cool the burner head 16 with air flowing along the flow paths 21 when the burner 10 is operated.
  • the air-fuel mixture is vorallischt technically twist-free.
  • the air-fuel mixture then flows out of the nozzle channel.
  • the air-fuel jet entering the combustion chamber 15 drives a pronounced inner recirculation zone there. This ensures in the combustion chamber 15 for an effective mixture of recirculated exhaust gas and fresh gas.
  • such an admixture of the exhaust gas slows down the chemical reaction rates. Consequently, the chemical reactions are then distributed over a larger volume.
  • the chemical-kinetically controlled volumetric combustion therefore exhibits a nearly homogeneous temperature field near the adiabatic temperature of the global equivalence ratio. Due to the associated avoidance of temperature peaks can therefore be achieved with the burner 10 very low NOx emissions.
  • the burner 10 has a pilot combustion chamber 22 arranged opposite the combustion chamber 15.
  • the pilot combustion chamber 22 is formed in an insert 24.
  • the insert has a pilot chamber wall 25 which acts as a combustion chamber wall and which extends into the cavity of the burner head body 18 of the burner head 16 with a wall surface bounding the pilot combustion chamber 22.
  • the burner 10 contains a pilot fuel nozzle 30 arranged coaxially with the burner head 16, through which fuel can be applied to the pilot combustion chamber 22, which is burned there with air which flows through flow channels 32 communicating with the air guiding device 14.
  • the pilot burn pot nozzle 30 need not necessarily be coaxially disposed with the burner head 16, but may also be positioned so that the burner head flows into the pilot burn space 22 obliquely with respect to the axis 19. In order to pass the fuel passed through the pilot fuel nozzle 30 led fuel to ignite, there is an electric ignition device 31 in the burner 10th
  • the air guide device 14 includes an air guide tube 27 and comprises a cup-shaped guide plate 36 which has a bottom wall 38 facing the base 34, which bears against an insulation shield 40. To improve the fluid mechanics here, it is advantageous if in this area, if necessary, further baffles are arranged.
  • the insulation shield 40 is located between the base 34 and the bottom wall 38 and serves for the thermal decoupling of the base 34 of the air guide device 14, the flame tube 12, the burner head 14 and the insert 24 with the pilot combustion chamber 22nd
  • the base 34 is designed to secure the burner 10 to the pressure housing of a micro gas turbine (not shown).
  • the air guide device 14 is held in a spring-elastic bearing with a plurality of insulation shield 40 by cross-struts 42, which are each supported against a recess 46 received in the base 34 spring 46.
  • the air guide tube 27 for balancing the thermal expansions caused by heating relative to the base 34 can be displaced in the direction of the axis 19 of the burner head 16 in accordance with the double arrow 50.
  • the burner head 16 and the insert 24 are secured to the base 34 by a plurality of retaining bolts 48 extending through the insulation shield 40.
  • the fuel nozzles 17 have a nozzle bore 29, designed as a core bore, which acts as a fuel nozzle channel for supplying fuel into the combustion chamber 15.
  • the fuel nozzles 17 are held on the base 34. They pass through the insulation shield 40 and the bottom wall 38 of the baffle 36.
  • annular cover element 54 fixed in the body 53 of the base 34 by means of screwing or welding.
  • the annular cover member 54 holds the fuel nozzles 17 in a nozzle seat 33 which projects into a through hole 55 in the cover member 54.
  • the fuel nozzles 17 are fixed by screwing.
  • the nozzle bore 29 of the fuel nozzles 17 communicates with the annular channel 52.
  • FIG. 3 shows the fuel nozzles 17 with the annular cover element 54.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial view of the base 34 with a plurality of fuel nozzles 17.
  • the fuel nozzles 17 are made of a preferably temperature-resistant rod material provided with the core bore. This measure makes it possible to produce the fuel nozzles 17 with a low production cost.
  • the fuel nozzles 17 have, in a section facing the cover element 54, an external thread 23 which is screwed into the nozzle seat 33 fixed to the cover element 54 by means of welding. This measure allows a simple and quick replacement of fuel nozzles 17 in the burner 10th
  • the fuel nozzles 17 in a modified embodiment of the burner 10 can also be connected to the annular cover element 17 by means of welding.
  • the annular channel 52 in the base 34 of the burner 10 is acted upon by a supply channel 56 with fuel.
  • the supply passage 56 may be connected to a fuel line (not shown) by a coupling member 58.
  • the annular channel 52 is a distribution ring for fuel.
  • the annular channel can also as a covered by a cover member circular groove on the side of the base 34 may be designed, which faces away from the combustion chamber 15. In this case, it is z.
  • the fuel distributed in the annular channel 52 to the nozzles 17 of the burner 10 may be liquid or gaseous.
  • the annular channel 52 is thus a fuel plenum integrated in the base 34 designed as a burner flange, ie the annular channel acts as a fuel distributor housed in the body 53 of the base 34.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section of a further burner 100 for producing hot gas with a flame tube 1 12 which can be connected to a turbine and which has a structure corresponding to the burner 10 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the assemblies of the burner 100 which are the same as assemblies of the burner 10, are identified by reference numerals increased by 100 with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the pilot combustion chamber 122 is not formed in an insert here.
  • the body 1 18 of the burner head 1 16 in the burner 100 is here pot-shaped or funnel-shaped or rotationally symmetrical.
  • the body 1 18 has a bottom wall 139 with a bottom opening 141 for a pilot fuel nozzle 130, which projects into a mixing chamber 143 formed in the body 18 as a premixing section.
  • the body 1 18 of the burner head 1 16 has a plurality of air ducts 145, which are arranged in the bottom wall 139 and extending from the acting as premix mixing chamber 143 outwardly. These air ducts 145 are connected to the flow path 121 for air in the Lucas arrangementseinrich- tion 1 14.
  • the air ducts 145 open into the mixing chamber 143 acting as premixing path. Due to the inflow of air via the air ducts 145 in the mixing chamber 143, which acts as a premixing section, a swirl flow is formed there.
  • the body 1 18 of the burner head 1 16 has a portion with a preferably rotationally symmetrical pilot combustion chamber wall 147 which surrounds the pilot combustion chamber 122 and which has a wall surface 151 delimiting the pilot combustion chamber 122.
  • the wall surface 151 is a combustion chamber wall surface for the pilot combustion chamber 122.
  • a plurality of nozzle channels 120 are formed, each receiving air from the air guide device 14.
  • a fuel nozzle 1 17 is arranged.
  • the wall surface 151 of the burner head 1 18 facing the pilot combustion chamber 122 is coated with a thermal protection layer 149.
  • a burner 10 for generating hot gas has a flame tube 12 which can be connected to a turbine.
  • the burner contains an air guiding device 14 which surrounds the flame tube 12 and has a flow path 21 for air.
  • the burner has a burner head 16 fixed to a base 34.
  • the burner head 16 has a plurality of nozzle channels 20 communicating with the air flow path 21 in the air guide device 14.
  • the nozzle channels 20 projects respectively a fuel nozzle 17 fixed to the base 34.
  • the fuel nozzles 17 are connected to an annular channel 52 formed in the base 34 for supply with fuel, which can be connected to a fuel supply line.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un brûleur (10) destiné à produire un gaz chaud et présentant un tube à flamme (12) pouvant être raccordé à une turbine. Le brûleur (10) contient un dispositif de guidage d'air (14) entourant le tube à flamme (12) et présentant un parcours d'écoulement (21) pour l'air. Le brûleur (10) présente une tête (16) fixée sur une base (34) et comportant, pour l'amenée de combustible mélangé à de l'air dans la chambre de combustion (12), plusieurs canaux de buse (20) communiquant avec le parcours d'écoulement (25) pour l'air dans le dispositif de guidage d'air (14). Une buse (17) pour le combustible fixée sur la base (34) fait respectivement saillie dans les canaux de base (20). Les buses (17) pour le combustible sont raccordées, pour l'alimentation en combustible, à un canal annulaire (52) formé dans la base (34) et pouvant être relié à une conduite d'amenée de combustible. Selon l'invention, les buses (17) pour le combustible sont raccordées, pour l'alimentation en combustible, à un canal annulaire (52) formé dans la base (34) et pouvant être relié à une conduite d'amenée de combustible.
EP13750036.9A 2012-08-17 2013-08-13 Brûleur Active EP2885582B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012214707 2012-08-17
DE102012216080.9A DE102012216080A1 (de) 2012-08-17 2012-09-11 Brenner
PCT/EP2013/066943 WO2014027005A2 (fr) 2012-08-17 2013-08-13 Brûleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2885582A2 true EP2885582A2 (fr) 2015-06-24
EP2885582B1 EP2885582B1 (fr) 2018-12-05

Family

ID=50029638

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13750036.9A Active EP2885582B1 (fr) 2012-08-17 2013-08-13 Brûleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US9982891B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2885582B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012216080A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014027005A2 (fr)

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EP2885582B1 (fr) 2018-12-05
US9982891B2 (en) 2018-05-29
DE102012216080A1 (de) 2014-02-20
WO2014027005A3 (fr) 2014-06-12
WO2014027005A2 (fr) 2014-02-20
US20150089954A1 (en) 2015-04-02
US20180238549A1 (en) 2018-08-23

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