EP2898539A1 - Materiau absorbeur a base de cu2znsn(s,se)4 a gradient de separation de bandes pour des applications photovoltaïques en couches minces - Google Patents
Materiau absorbeur a base de cu2znsn(s,se)4 a gradient de separation de bandes pour des applications photovoltaïques en couches mincesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2898539A1 EP2898539A1 EP13740262.4A EP13740262A EP2898539A1 EP 2898539 A1 EP2898539 A1 EP 2898539A1 EP 13740262 A EP13740262 A EP 13740262A EP 2898539 A1 EP2898539 A1 EP 2898539A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sulfur
- selenium
- thickness
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KBPGBEFNGHFRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(selanylidene)tin Chemical compound [Se]=[Sn]=[Se] KBPGBEFNGHFRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFIWAIVSOUGHLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;tin Chemical compound [Sn]=[Se] MFIWAIVSOUGHLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- KTLOQXXVQYUCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Se] Chemical compound [Cu].[Cu].[Se] KTLOQXXVQYUCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(iv) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4] TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 20
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005922 selenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 2
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000058 selane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenecopper Chemical compound [Se]=[Cu] IRPLSAGFWHCJIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALRFTTOJSPMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin disulfide Chemical compound S=[Sn]=S ALRFTTOJSPMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000014961 Protein Precursors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010078762 Protein Precursors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001370 Se alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/128—Active materials comprising only Group I-II-IV-VI kesterite materials, e.g. Cu2ZnSnSe4 or Cu2ZnSnS4
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/125—The active layers comprising only Group II-VI materials, e.g. CdS, ZnS or CdTe
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/128—Annealing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/543—Solar cells from Group II-VI materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for stacking a photovoltaic cell, comprising a first layer of photon absorber material and including sulfur S and selenium Se, this first layer comprising opposite first and second faces, the first face being intended for cooperate with an electrode and the second face being intended to cooperate with a second layer so as to form a heterojunction in combination with the first layer.
- the invention also relates to a method and equipment for manufacturing such an arrangement.
- the quaternary materials based on Cu copper, Sn tin, Zn zinc, S sulfur and Selenium Se are very promising materials to replace cadmium telluride or known materials consisting of a copper alloy, indium, of gallium, selenium and / or sulfur in the thin film photovoltaic industry.
- thin film it is understood in the following document that the thickness of the absorber material layer varies between about 500 nm and 10 ⁇ .
- These promising materials include those having the following formulas: Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 known under the name "CZTS",
- a first aspect of the invention relates to an arrangement for stacking a photovoltaic cell, comprising a first photon absorber layer and including sulfur and selenium, said first layer having opposite first and second faces, the first face being for cooperate with an electrode and the second face being intended to cooperate with a second layer so as to form a heterojunction in combination with the first layer.
- the first layer comprises a variation, in the direction of the thickness of the first layer, of the proportion of sulfur with respect to the sum of the proportions of sulfur and of selenium, said variation being such that the first layer has a band separation gradient in the direction of the thickness of the first layer.
- the variation of the proportion of sulfur relative to the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium may comprise a variation of the concentration of sulfur in the direction of the thickness of the first layer and / or a variation of the concentration of selenium following the direction of the thickness of the first layer.
- the first layer On all or part of its thickness delimited between the first and second faces, the first layer may comprise a decrease in the direction of the thickness of the first layer, from the second face and towards the first face, the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium.
- the first layer may include:
- the first layer may comprise an increase in the direction of the thickness of the first layer, from the second face and towards the first face, the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium.
- the material in which the first layer is formed may comprise copper, zinc and tin, and may in particular consist of the compound having the following chemical formula Cu 2 ZnSn (Se (x) S (i- X )) 4 .
- the thickness of the first layer may be between about 0.5 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ , in particular between ⁇ , ⁇ and 1, 2 ⁇ , typically of the order of 1 ⁇ .
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing such an arrangement for stacking a photovoltaic cell, comprising a step of forming the first layer made so that all or part of its thickness delimited between its first and second face, the first layer comprises a variation, in the direction of the thickness of the first layer, of the proportion of sulfur relative to the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium, said variation being such that the first layer has a band separation gradient in the direction of the thickness of the first layer.
- the step of forming the first layer may comprise: a step of forming a homogeneous layer including sulfur and / or selenium and wherein the proportion of sulfur is substantially constant with respect to the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium in the direction of the thickness of said homogeneous layer ,
- a sulphurization or selenization annealing step of said homogeneous layer carried out so as to transform said homogeneous layer in a manner resulting in a first layer comprising over all or part of its thickness delimited between the first and second faces, a decrease or an increase in the direction of the thickness of the first layer, from the second face and towards the first face, of the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium.
- the step of forming the first layer may comprise:
- a sulphidation annealing step of said intermediate layer and carried out so as to transform said intermediate layer in a manner resulting in a first layer comprising:
- the step of forming the homogeneous layer may comprise:
- a dry or liquid deposition step of precursors chosen from metal precursors, in particular chosen from copper and / or zinc and / or tin, and / or sulphide precursors, in particular chosen from sulphide; zinc and / or tin sulphide and / or tin disulfide and / or copper sulphide, and / or selenide precursors, especially selected from zinc selenide and / or tin selenide and / or tin diselenide and / or copper selenide,
- the precursor transformation step can comprise a selenization annealing or sulphurization step of the precursors deposited in the deposition step.
- a homogeneous layer including copper and zinc, and tin and sulfur and optionally selenium can be deposited, so that the transformation step is directly followed by a homogenous annealing step of the homogeneous layer, no precursor deposition step being performed between the step transformation and the selenization annealing step, said selenization annealing step being carried out so as to obtain a first layer comprising all or part of its thickness an increase in the direction of its thickness, from its second face and towards its first face, the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium.
- the step of forming the first layer may comprise:
- a coevaporation deposition step on the substrate, in an enclosure in which there is a pressure of between about 10 -4 mbar and 10-11 mbar, of all the constituents of said first layer,
- step of coevaporation deposition being done by a time adjustment of the evaporation rate of each of the constituents in the chamber.
- the coevaporating deposition step may comprise:
- the coevaporating deposition step may comprise a step of adjusting the substrate temperature and / or the evaporation rates of the other constituents than selenium and sulfur, as a function of the evaporation rates of the sulfur and selenium, especially to prevent reevaporation of secondary species.
- the method may comprise an annealing step under an atmosphere comprising sulfur or selenium, the layer resulting from the coevaporation deposition step.
- a third aspect of the invention relates to equipment comprising hardware and / or software elements implementing the manufacturing method, comprising a conveyor capable of moving a substrate on which the first layer is formed, between at least one annealing zone of sulfurization, in particular providing a sulfur vapor by hydrogen sulphide or elemental sulfur evaporation, and at least one selenization annealing zone, in particular providing a selenium vapor by hydrogen selenide or by elemental selenium evaporation.
- a conveyor capable of moving a substrate on which the first layer is formed, between at least one annealing zone of sulfurization, in particular providing a sulfur vapor by hydrogen sulphide or elemental sulfur evaporation, and at least one selenization annealing zone, in particular providing a selenium vapor by hydrogen selenide or by elemental selenium evaporation.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an exemplary arrangement for stacking a photovoltaic cell according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are graphs illustrating the variations of the proportion of sulfur within the first layer as a function of the height within the thickness, for different stages of a first example of a manufacturing process
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs illustrating the variations of the proportion of sulfur within the first layer as a function of the height within the thickness, for different stages of a second example of a manufacturing process
- FIGS. 6 to 8 are graphs illustrating the variations of the proportion of sulfur within the first layer as a function of the height within the thickness, for different stages of a third example of a manufacturing method
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are two examples of manufacturing equipment according to the invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 10 relate to an arrangement for stacking a photovoltaic cell (FIG. 1), to a method of manufacturing such an arrangement and equipment ( Figures 9 and 10) for implementing the method.
- Figures 2 to 8 illustrate, at different stages of three examples of manufacturing process, the variations (in the direction of the thickness of the first layer) of the proportion of sulfur in the first layer with respect to the sum of proportions of sulfur and selenium.
- the arrangement 10 for stacking a photovoltaic cell comprises a first layer 11 made of photon absorber material and including sulfur S and selenium Se.
- the first layer 1 1 has first and second faces, respectively 1 1 a and 1 1 b, opposite in the stacking direction Z, Z being also the direction of the thickness "e" of the first layer January 1.
- the first face 1 1 a is intended to cooperate with a first electrode 12 and the second face 1 1 b is intended to cooperate with a second layer 13.
- the cooperation between the second layer 13 and the first layer 1 1 is such that the second layer 13 forms a heterojunction in combination with the first layer 11.
- the material in which the first layer 11 is formed comprises copper Cu, zinc Zn and tin Sn, and is in particular constituted by the compound having the following chemical formula Cu 2 ZnSn ( Se ( x ) S ( i- X) ) 4 , also known under the name "CZTSSe".
- the thickness e of the first layer 1 1, considered in the Z direction and between the faces 1 1 a and 1 1 b, is advantageously between about 0.5 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ , in particular between 0.8 ⁇ and 1, 2 ⁇ , typically of the order of 1 ⁇ , thus belonging to the field of thin layers.
- copper can be replaced by Ag silver or Au gold.
- the tin may be replaced by Ge germanium or silicon Si or lead Pb.
- the zinc may be replaced by cadmium Cd or mercury Hg.
- the first electrode 12, in particular constitutive of an electrode lower in the stacking direction Z, and with which cooperates the first face 1 1 a of the first layer January 1, is in particular formed in a material comprising molybdenum Mo and / or chromium Cr and / or tungsten W and / or or at least one inert compound such as Au gold and / or silver Ag.
- the first layer 11 is thus formed on the layer constituting the first electrode 12, itself formed on a substrate 14, by example glass or steel, possibly including molybdenum, or even massive molybdenum.
- the second layer 13 may be formed of a material comprising CdS cadmium sulphide and / or ZnS zinc sulphide and / or a mixture of ZnS zinc sulphide and ZnO zinc oxide.
- the second layer 13 is formed on the first layer 1 1 at its second face 1 1 b.
- the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 further comprises a second electrode 15, in particular constituting an upper electrode in the stacking direction Z, arranged on the opposite side to the first layer 11 relative to the second layer 12.
- second electrode 15 is formed of a material comprising tin-doped indium oxide ITO and / or zinc oxide doped with aluminum AZO and / or tin dioxide Sn0 2 doped with fluorine .
- the second electrode 15 is thus constituted by a layer of material formed on the second layer 13.
- the first layer 1 1 comprises a variation, in the direction Z of the thickness e of the first layer 1, the proportion of sulfur S with respect to the sum of the proportions of sulfur S and selenium Se, this variation being such that the first layer 1 1 has a band separation gradient in the direction Z of the thickness e of the first layer 1 1.
- the band separation gradient is also known as the "electronic bandgap gradient" or "gap gradient”.
- the variation of the proportion of sulfur S with respect to the sum of the proportions of sulfur S and selenium Se comprises a variation of the concentration of sulfur S in the direction Z of the thickness e of the first layer 1 1 and / or a variation of the selenium concentration Se along the Z direction.
- the principle of producing a gap gradient in the absorber material of the first layer 11, which comprises both sulfur and selenium, in particular CZTSSe, is based on a progressive substitution of sulfur with selenium and vice versa. within the first layer 1 1. Indeed, the gap energy of Cu 2 ZnSn (Se ( x ) S ( i- X) ) 4 goes from 1.5eV to 1.0eV when x varies from 0 to 1. By varying the rate between the local amount of sulfur and the local amount of selenium, it is therefore possible to control the gap energy of the material of the layer 1 January.
- the abscissa "h" represents the height within the thickness e where one places oneself for the local analysis of the proportions of sulfur and selenium, h being counted since the first face 1 1 a and in the direction of the second side 1 1 b,
- the ordinate "r" represents the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium.
- the first layer 1 1 may comprise a decrease in the Z direction of the thickness e of the first layer 1 1, from the second face 1 1 b and towards the first face 1 1 a, the ratio r between the proportion of sulfur S and the sum of the proportions of sulfur S and selenium Se.
- this reduction in the relative proportion of sulfur is present over a portion of the thickness e of the first layer 11, approximately its half in the example shown.
- Figure 2 shows the same elements (h, r) as abscissa and ordinate, but at the end of an earlier step of the manufacturing process.
- the first layer 1 1 may comprise an increase in the direction Z of the thickness. e of the first layer 1 1, from the second face 1 1 b and towards the first face 1 1 a, the ratio r between the proportion of sulfur S and the sum of the proportions of sulfur S and selenium Se. In FIG. 5, this increase in the relative proportion of sulfur is present over substantially the entire thickness e of the first layer 11.
- Figure 4 shows the same elements (h, r) as abscissa and ordinate, but at the end of an earlier step of the manufacturing process.
- Such a profile accompanied by a gap gradient increasing toward the rear contact at the first face 1 1 a, allows to repel the electrons in particular to limit the interface recombinations back contact.
- the first layer 1 1 can alternatively comprise:
- FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the same elements (h, r) in the abscissa and ordinate as Figure 8, but at the end respectively of two previous steps of the manufacturing process.
- the ratio between Ar and ⁇ is generally between 10% and 100% per ⁇ of the thickness e, whether in the case of a decrease or an increase in the ratio r.
- the manufacturing method of such an arrangement 10 comprises a step of forming the first layer 11 made so that over all or part of its thickness e delimited between its first and second faces January 1, 1 1 b, the first layer 1 1 comprises a variation, in the direction Z of the thickness e of the first layer 1 1, of the proportion of sulfur S with respect to the sum of the proportions of sulfur S and selenium Se, this variation being such that the first layer 1 1 has a band separation gradient or gap gradient in the Z direction of the thickness e of the first layer January 1.
- this step of forming the first layer 11 can be carried out either by carrying out, according to a first solution, successive annealing of selenization and / or sulphidation, or by implementing, according to a second solution, a coevaporated manufacturing. More specifically, to obtain a profile according to FIG. 3 or according to FIG. 5, the first solution provides that the step of forming the first layer 11 comprises:
- a selenization annealing step also known as “selenation” or sulphurization step (also known as “sulfurization” of the homogeneous layer, performed so as to transform or modify the homogeneous layer in a manner resulting at the first layer 1 1 of the arrangement.
- the step of forming the first layer 1 1 comprises:
- a sulphidation annealing step of said intermediate layer and carried out so as to transform said intermediate layer in a manner resulting in a first layer January 1 according to the profile of FIG. 8.
- the variability tolerance of the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium is typically of the order of 5%.
- the transformation of the precursors into a homogeneous layer may in particular be carried out by the implementation of a selenization annealing or sulphurization of the previously deposited precursors.
- the precursors may be chosen from metal precursors, especially chosen from Cu copper and / or Zn zinc and / or Sn tin, and / or sulphide precursors, especially chosen from ZnS zinc sulphide and / or tin sulphide SnS and / or tin disulfide SnS 2 and / or copper sulphide Cu 2 S, and / or selenide precursors, especially selected from zinc selenide ZnSe and / or tin selenide SnSe and / or tin diselenide SnSe 2 and / or Cu 2 Se copper selenide.
- metal precursors especially chosen from Cu copper and / or Zn zinc and / or Sn tin
- sulphide precursors especially chosen from ZnS zinc sulphide and / or tin sulphide SnS and / or tin disulfide SnS 2 and / or copper sulphide Cu 2 S
- selenide precursors especially
- the ratio of the proportion of sulfur to the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium in the homogeneous layer of CZTSSe or CZTS or CZTSe obtained after the first annealing (selenization or sulphurization) can be adjusted between 0 and 1:
- a selenization annealing of metal precursors and sulphides leads to a layer of CZTSSe whose ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium depends on the amount of sulfur initially present,
- a sulphurization annealing of metal precursors and selenides leads to a layer of CZTSSe whose ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium depends on the amount of selenium initially present.
- the deposition techniques for depositing the precursors can therefore be dry (cathodic sputtering, evaporation) or liquid (electro-deposition). It is possible to vary the order of deposition of the precursors as well as their sequence to promote the homogenization of the layer during the sulphurization or selenation phases. In particular, the sequence may be a sequence making it possible to obtain a multilayer structure, for example a stack
- the following stack of precursors makes it possible to obtain a layer of 1 ⁇ of CZTSSe after a selenation annealing: 340 nm of ZnS deposited by cathodic sputtering, 120 nm of Cu and 160 nm of Sn deposited by evaporation. by electron gun.
- the desired profile for the layer 1 1 is of the type of FIG. 5
- This particular deposit of all the necessary precursors will then be followed only by a stage of transformation of the precursors into the homogeneous layer, itself directly followed by a selenization annealing step of the homogeneous layer.
- the term "directly" above means that no precursor deposition step is performed between the transformation of the precursors and the selenization annealing.
- the precursor transformation step carried out directly between the deposition of all the precursors and the selenization annealing, advantageously comprises a sulphurization annealing of the previously deposited precursors.
- this selenization annealing will therefore be performed so as to obtain a first layer 1 1 corresponding to the graph of FIG. 5.
- the profile sought for the layer 1 1 is of the type of FIG.
- the same stages of deposition of all the precursors, followed by a step of transformation into a homogeneous layer (for example by sulfurization annealing) and directly followed by a selenization annealing step, may be successively implemented to provide the intermediate layer to which is then applied the sulphurization annealing step resulting in the profile of Figure 8.
- the step transformation directly followed by the selenization annealing step lead to the intermediate layer, directly followed by a step of sulfurization annealing of the intermediate layer.
- a manufacturing method possible to achieve a first layer January 1 having the characteristics of Figure 3 consists of the implementation of two successive anneals, the first being a selenization annealing or sulphurization of precursors which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous CZTSSe layer with a ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium between 0 and 0.9 and constant along Z in the thickness e of the first layer 1 1 . This leads to the situation of FIG. 2.
- the second annealing is a sulfurization annealing, making it possible to substitute, from the second face 11b which is a free face, selenium atoms with sulfur atoms and thus to obtain a composition profile such that the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium increases as it approaches the second face 11b.
- a possible manufacturing method for obtaining a first layer January 1 having the characteristics of Figure 5 consists of the implementation of two successive anneals, the first being a selenization annealing or sulfurization of precursors which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous CZTSSe layer with a ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium greater (between 0.1 and 1) and constant following Z in the thickness e of the first layer 1 1. This leads to the situation of FIG. 4.
- the second annealing is a selenization annealing, making it possible to substitute, from the second face 1 1 b which is a free face, sulfur atoms with selenium atoms and thus to obtain a composition profile such that the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium increases as it approaches the first face 11a.
- a possible manufacturing method for obtaining a first layer 11 having the characteristics of FIG. 8 consists in the implementation of three successive anneals, the first being a selenization or sulfurization annealing of deposited precursors which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous CZTSSe layer with a ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium between 0.1 and 1 and constant along Z in the thickness e of the first layer 1 1. This leads to the situation of FIG. 6.
- the second annealing is a selenization annealing, making it possible to substitute, from the second face 1 1 b which is a free face, sulfur atoms with selenium atoms and thus to obtain a composition profile according to FIG. 7 such that the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium increases as it approaches the first face 11a.
- This is the intermediate layer previously mentioned.
- the third annealing is a sulfurization annealing which again makes it possible to increase the ratio between the proportion of sulfur and the sum of the proportions of sulfur and selenium by approaching the second face 1 1 b on only a part of the thickness e on the side of the second face 1 1 b, in order to finally reach the first layer 1 1 according to the configuration of FIG. 8.
- a short annealing (a fast ramp followed by a short plateau (from 1 second to 10 minutes)) at high temperature (close to 500 ° C) favors a steep gradient (slope) over a short distance
- a short annealing (a rapid ramp followed by a short plateau (from 1 second to 10 minutes)) at a low temperature (between 200 ° C. and
- 400 ° C favors a low gradient (a slope) over a short distance, a long annealing (a slow ramp and / or a long plateau (from a few minutes to a few hours)) at high temperature (close to 500 ° C) promotes a gradient (a slope) weak over a long distance,
- a sulfurization annealing thus makes it possible to transform a stack of precursors into a homogeneous layer of CZTSSe and / or to gradually increase the rate or proportion of sulfur in a CZTSSe layer by approaching the second face 11b. This increase is done by the substitution of the selenium atoms in the layer by sulfur atoms.
- the principle of a sulfurization annealing is to heat under a controlled atmosphere of sulfur the layer to be sulfurized.
- the atmosphere consists of an inert gas (Ar, N 2 ) in which sulfur vapors are incorporated. These vapors can come from the evaporation of elemental sulfur or H 2 S, especially at a level of between 1% and 25%, typically 5%.
- the parameters of a sulfurization annealing can be the following:
- a ramp for raising the temperature of the layer between 0.1 ° C./min and 10 ° C./second, preferably between 10 ° C./min and 10 ° C./second.
- Selenization annealing thus makes it possible to transform a stack of precursors into a homogeneous layer of CZTSSe and / or to gradually increase the rate or the proportion of selenium in a layer of CZTSSe approaching the second face 11b. This increase is done by the substitution of the sulfur atoms in the layer by selenium atoms.
- the principle of a selenization annealing is to heat under a controlled atmosphere of selenium the layer where the proportion of selenium must increase.
- the atmosphere consists of a an inert gas (Ar, N 2 ) in which selenium vapors are incorporated. These vapors can come from the evaporation of elemental selenium or H 2 Se.
- the parameters of a selenization annealing can be the following:
- a selenium temperature of between 1 ° C. and 500 ° C.
- a ramp for increasing the temperature of the layer between 0.1 ° C./min and 10 ° C./second, preferably between 10 ° C./min and 10 ° C. /second.
- the second manufacturing solution that is to say by means of the implementation of a coevaporation, provides on the other hand that the step of forming the first layer 11 comprises the provision of a substrate, then a depositing on this substrate, by coevaporation, all the constituents of the first layer 1 1.
- This ultra-vacuum coevaporation deposit can be carried out inside an enclosure (or frame) in which there is a pressure of between about 10 -4 mbar and 10-11 mbar and adjusting the evaporation rate over time. of each of the constituents in the enclosure.
- the coevaporation deposition step may comprise in particular:
- the successive implementation of the second and third steps makes it possible to obtain a first layer 11 corresponding to the graph of FIG. 3.
- the successive implementation of the first and second steps makes it possible to obtain a first layer corresponding to the Finally, the implementation of the first and third steps provides a first layer 1 1 corresponding to the graph of Figure 8.
- the second step is optional and may optionally be inserted between the first and third steps.
- the substrate may be glass or steel with possibly molybdenum or solid molybdenum, or any other type of substrate for making a rear contact in a growth frame.
- the frame corresponding to the enclosure, is pumped high vacuum, typically a pressure of the order of 10 "7 mbar, in any case between about 10" 4 mbar and 10 "11 mbar.
- the frame comprises a substrate holder having the possibility to adjust the temperature of the sample at setpoint temperatures between 0 ° C and 800 ° C.
- the frame comprises at least five evaporation crucibles (for example Knudsen or electron-gun heated thermal cells) respectively for copper Cu, zinc Zn, tin Sn, sulfur S and selenium Se
- the sulfur crucible S can be a traditional cell or a Cracker type cell.
- this coevaporation deposition step may comprise a step of adjusting the substrate temperature and / or the evaporation rates of the other constituents than selenium and sulfur, as a function of the evaporation rates of the sulfur. and selenium, especially to prevent reevaporation of secondary species.
- This adjustment step will therefore be performed during the first step and / or the second step and / or the third step, mentioned above.
- the following parameters can be envisaged:
- selenium flux Se adjusted between 0.1 nm / s and 2 nm / s, in particular of the order of 0.7 nm / s,
- Cu copper flux adjusted between 0 nm / s and 1 nm / s, in particular of the order of 0.2 nm / s
- zinc Zn flux adjusted between 0.05 nm / s and 1 nm / s, in particular of the order of 0.25 A / s
- temperature of the substrate maintained between 300 ° C and 700 ° C, in particular of the order of 500 ° C.
- selenium flux Se adjusted between 0 nm / s and 1 nm / s, in particular of the order of 0.1 nm / s,
- zinc Zn flux adjusted between 0.05 nm / s and 1 nm / s, in particular of the order of 0.25 nm / s,
- temperature of the substrate maintained between 100 ° C and 700 ° C, in particular of the order of 300 ° C.
- the coevaporating step may be parameterized so as to provide either the homogeneous layer of CZTS or CZTSe or CZTSSe, or directly the first layer 1 1 with a gap gradient.
- the method may comprise an annealing step under an atmosphere comprising sulfur or selenium of the layer resulting from the coevaporation deposition step.
- a coevaporation step can also be carried out in a suitable manner in order to achieve the formation not of the first layer 1 1 but of the homogeneous layer previously described, replacing the steps of deposition of precursors and transformation of the deposited precursors.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 Two examples of equipment 100 enabling the implementation of annealing manufacturing processes are respectively illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.
- the equipment 100 will comprise hardware and / or software elements implementing the method of manufacturing. manufacturing.
- the equipment 100 of FIG. 9 makes it possible to produce a first layer 11 having the variation, in the direction Z of the thickness e of the first layer 11, of the proportion of sulfur relative to the sum of the proportions of sulfur. and selenium, from a homogeneous layer of CZTSSe or a layer of deposited precursors.
- the equipment 100 of FIG. 10 makes it possible to produce the entire absorber layer from an inexpensive substrate.
- the equipment 100 comprises a conveyor 101 capable of displacing a substrate 102 bearing selenium and sulfur (for example carrying a layer of homogeneous CZTSSe) on which the first layer 11 must be formed, between:
- At least one sulfurization annealing zone 103, 105 in particular heating the substrate (lamp, resistor, etc.) and supplying a sulfur vapor by hydrogen sulphide H 2 S or by evaporation of elemental sulfur carried out by heating ( lamp, resistance %),
- At least one selenization annealing zone 104 in particular heating the substrate (lamp, resistor, etc.) and supplying a selenium vapor by hydrogen selenide H 2 Se or by evaporation of elemental selenium produced by heating (lamp, resistance).
- the conveyor 101 can be provided for example to move the substrate 102 and its homogeneous layer of CZTSSe to the sulfurization annealing zone 103, then to the selenization annealing zone 104 in a go movement, before potentially returning to the same sulfurization annealing zone 103 in a return motion.
- the solution shown in FIG. 9 provides for the conveyor 101 to move the substrate 102 to a first sulfurization annealing zone constituted by the zone 103, then to a selenisation annealing zone constituted by the zone 104, then to a second sulphurization annealing zone 105 different from the zone 103.
- the displacement of the conveyor 101 is in this case unidirectional.
- the substrate 102 which carries a homogeneous layer of CZTSSe can pass, thanks to the conveyor 101:
- the first layer 1 1 will correspond to the graph of FIG. 3,
- the first layer 1 1 will correspond to the graph of FIG. 5,
- the first layer 11 will correspond to the graph of FIG. 8.
- the substrate 102 which no longer carries a homogeneous layer but a layer of precursors, can pass, thanks to the conveyor 101, successively:
- the first layer 1 1 will correspond to the graph of FIG. 3,
- the first layer 1 1 will correspond to the graph of FIG. 5,
- the equipment 100 comprises on the one hand a precursor deposition zone 106 necessary for the formation of the first layer 11 of the arrangement, and on the other hand an interposed airlock chamber 107. between the precursor deposition zone 106 and the sulfurization annealing zone 103 and / or the selenization annealing zone 104.
- the deposition zone 106 is located upstream of the sulphidation annealing zone 103 and the annealing zone in the direction of displacement of the substrate 102.
- the equipment 100 may also comprise a molybdenum deposit zone 108 on the substrate 102, situated upstream of the precursor deposition zone 106.
- the displacement of the substrate 102 along the zones 106 and 108 can be achieved by a conveyor 109 or by the same conveyor 101 as along the zones 103 to 105.
- the equipment 100 may comprise a control unit (not shown) reading a data recording medium on which is recorded a computer program comprising computer program code means for implementing the steps of the manufacturing method.
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1257749A FR2994507B1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 | 2012-08-10 | Materiau absorbeur a base de cu2znsn(s,se)4 a gradient de separation de bandes pour des applications photovoltaiques en couches minces |
| PCT/EP2013/065383 WO2014023560A1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 | 2013-07-22 | Materiau absorbeur a base de cu2znsn(s,se)4 a gradient de separation de bandes pour des applications photovoltaïques en couches minces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2898539A1 true EP2898539A1 (fr) | 2015-07-29 |
Family
ID=47351820
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13740262.4A Withdrawn EP2898539A1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 | 2013-07-22 | Materiau absorbeur a base de cu2znsn(s,se)4 a gradient de separation de bandes pour des applications photovoltaïques en couches minces |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150214401A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2898539A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2994507B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014023560A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9722120B2 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-08-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Bandgap grading of CZTS solar cell |
| CN113380924A (zh) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-10 | 南开大学 | 一种铜基薄膜太阳电池吸收层成分调控的方法及制备得到的太阳电池 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL176885A0 (en) * | 2006-07-16 | 2006-10-31 | Solaroll Ltd | A thin-film photovoltaic conversion device and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2010538475A (ja) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-12-09 | アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | 多サイズの光起電デバイスを形成するための生産ラインモジュール |
| JP5052697B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-10-17 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光電変換装置 |
| CN103210505A (zh) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-07-17 | 普瑞凯瑟安质提克斯公司 | 用于光电应用的沉积方法和装置 |
| US20120100663A1 (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-04-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Fabrication of CuZnSn(S,Se) Thin Film Solar Cell with Valve Controlled S and Se |
| CN103221471A (zh) * | 2010-11-22 | 2013-07-24 | E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司 | 半导体油墨、膜、涂层基板和制备方法 |
| TW201227980A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-01 | Univ Nat Cheng Kung | Thin film solar cell and method for manufacturing the same |
-
2012
- 2012-08-10 FR FR1257749A patent/FR2994507B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-07-22 EP EP13740262.4A patent/EP2898539A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-07-22 WO PCT/EP2013/065383 patent/WO2014023560A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-07-22 US US14/420,199 patent/US20150214401A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014023560A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2994507B1 (fr) | 2014-08-29 |
| FR2994507A1 (fr) | 2014-02-14 |
| WO2014023560A1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 |
| US20150214401A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101761098B1 (ko) | 칼코게나이드계 물질 및 이러한 물질을 제조하는 개선된 방법 | |
| CN102934235B (zh) | 薄膜太阳电池 | |
| EP2777075B1 (fr) | Substrat conducteur pour cellule photovoltaïque | |
| EP2504864A2 (fr) | Couches d'absorbeur chalcogénure pour des applications photovoltaïques et procédés de fabrication de ces dernières | |
| JP2012513127A (ja) | カルコゲナイドベースの光電デバイス及び当該光電デバイスの製造方法 | |
| US20110162696A1 (en) | Photovoltaic materials with controllable zinc and sodium content and method of making thereof | |
| US8912037B2 (en) | Method for making photovoltaic devices using oxygenated semiconductor thin film layers | |
| EP2784828A1 (fr) | Cellule solaire en couches minces czts et son procédé de production | |
| US8779283B2 (en) | Absorber layer for thin film photovoltaics and a solar cell made therefrom | |
| EP2898539A1 (fr) | Materiau absorbeur a base de cu2znsn(s,se)4 a gradient de separation de bandes pour des applications photovoltaïques en couches minces | |
| US9284639B2 (en) | Method for alkali doping of thin film photovoltaic materials | |
| KR20120133342A (ko) | 균일한 Ga 분포를 갖는 CIGS 박막 제조방법 | |
| WO2012091170A1 (fr) | Cellule solaire et procédé de production de cellule solaire | |
| CN102447008A (zh) | 光伏器件及其制造方法 | |
| EP2486603B1 (fr) | Fabrication de couches minces à propriétés photovoltaïques, à base d'un alliage de type i-iii-vi2, par électro-dépôts successifs et post-traitement thermique | |
| Nagaich et al. | Wide band-gap CuIn 1− X Ga X Se 2 based chalcopyrite absorbers for tandem cell applications | |
| EP3005425B1 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation de la jonction p-n d'une cellule photovoltaïque en couches minces et procédé d'obtention correspondant d'une cellule photovoltaïque | |
| CN102446989B (zh) | 光伏器件及其制造方法 | |
| Nishiwaki et al. | Preparation of Wide Bandgap Cu (InGa)(SeS) 2 Solar Cells with Improved Fill Factor | |
| WO2014177809A1 (fr) | Formation d'une couche semi-conductrice i-iii-vi2 par traitement thermique et chalcogenisation d'un precurseur metallique i-iii | |
| Petrosyan et al. | INVESTIGATION OF CZTS THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS ON PERLITE GLASS-CRYSTALLINE SUBSTRATES | |
| WO2015015367A1 (fr) | Procédé de réalisation d'une jonction pn dans une cellule photovoltaïque à base de czts et cellule photovoltaïque en configuration superstrat et à base de czts | |
| CN102446989A (zh) | 光伏器件及其制造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20150202 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: PERRAUD, SIMON Inventor name: ALTAMURA, GIOVANNI Inventor name: GRENET, LOUIS |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20190510 |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: GRENET, LOUIS Inventor name: PERRAUD, SIMON Inventor name: ALTAMURA, GIOVANNI |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20190921 |