EP2899449A2 - Procédé et configuration d'installation destiné à la construction dynamisée d'une infrastructure de stations de distribution de gaz - Google Patents

Procédé et configuration d'installation destiné à la construction dynamisée d'une infrastructure de stations de distribution de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2899449A2
EP2899449A2 EP15000123.8A EP15000123A EP2899449A2 EP 2899449 A2 EP2899449 A2 EP 2899449A2 EP 15000123 A EP15000123 A EP 15000123A EP 2899449 A2 EP2899449 A2 EP 2899449A2
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Prior art keywords
gas
station
compressor
kwh
refueling
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EP15000123.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2899449A3 (fr
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Michael Feldmann
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Priority claimed from DE102014000706.5A external-priority patent/DE102014000706A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/083—Mounting arrangements for vessels for medium-sized mobile storage vessels, e.g. tank vehicles or railway tank vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0376—Dispensing pistols
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations

Definitions

  • LPG vehicles converted to LPG have been part of the state of the art since the 1990s. Since the mid-1990s, vehicles that are operated with natural gas (CNG) are increasingly being used in Germany. The use of this fuel is associated with significantly less pollutant emissions than the use of gasoline or even diesel. For example, CNG vehicles emit between 20% and 25% less CO 2 than comparable gasoline and diesel vehicles.
  • CNG natural gas
  • German stock of street legal CNG vehicles is now approx. 95,000 automobiles, compared to the German total of more than 50 million vehicles, however, this is only approx. 0.2%.
  • the street legal stock of 95,000 CNG vehicles consists of approx. 77,000 cars, approx. 16,000 light commercial vehicles, approx. 1,600 buses and approx. 400 special vehicles such as Refuse collection trucks.
  • CNG bus consumes about 50 times as much gaseous fuel as an average CNG car
  • light CNG commercial vehicles consume about 8 times as much
  • a CNG special vehicle about 30 times as much as a CNG car.
  • Passenger Cars this results in a demand of 290,000 passenger car equivalents for the entire German gas fuel market.
  • CNG cars account for approx. 780,000,000 kWh Hi , on light CNG commercial vehicles approx. 1.200.000.000 kWh Hi , on CNG buses approx. 800,000,000 kWh Hi and CNG special vehicles approx. 120,000,000 kWh Hi .
  • Refueling motor vehicles with gas engines usually gaseous natural gas, gaseous bio-methane, a gaseous mixture of these two fuels or in the future also gaseous hydrogen, gaseous ethane, gaseous propane and synthetic gaseous methane (SynMethan) produced from regenerative hydrogen and atmospheric CO 2 as fuel use, therefore, carried out with special refueling technology under high pressures of up to 800 bar.
  • gas fuels are usually produced or processed in a few suitable facilities in central locations, the gas stations are built and operated decentralized at the places of demand as liquid petrol filling stations in more or less large numbers.
  • the filling (mobile) compressed gas tank is technically much more complex the simple pumping of liquids.
  • the example show the previously known EP0653585A1 (Sulzer-Burckhardt AG), EP0995943A2 (m-tec Gastechnologie GmbH), DE19730459A1 (Mannesmann AG), DD282351A7 (VEB Chemieanlagenbaukombinat für-Grimma) and EP1559949 A1 (Gaveco AB). While EP0653585A1 .
  • EP0995943A2 and DE19730459A1 refer to the solution of the temperature problems arising during the filling process want EP15599 49A1 and DD282351A7 solve the problem of refueling time, EP1559 949A1 especially for vehicles with large gas tanks (tanks of CNG buses and CNG trucks).
  • this gas treatment plant consists of a gas dryer and a gas filter .
  • the function of the gas dryer is to extract enough moisture from the gas so that the dew point at 200 bar is at least -20 ° C. If this dew point is not reached, hydrates may form in the mobile consumer (eg in gas or multi-fuel vehicles), which leads to malfunctions in winter.
  • the gas is fed into the compressor (compressor, booster), which compresses it to the desired final pressure.
  • the operating pressure of the natural gas networks is usually 0.2 bar to 70 bar lower than the target filling pressure of the gas tank to be filled a CNG motor vehicle - this is usually about. 200 bar - the extracted from the natural gas network natural gas must be compressed by means of compressors (compressors, boosters) at least to this target filling pressure, otherwise there is no overflow of gas from the gas storage of the gas station in the compressed gas tank of the mobile consumer.
  • the gaseous gas to be filled is passed through a gas supply line (eg a high, medium or low pressure natural gas line) into a compressor which compresses the gaseous gas.
  • one-, two-, three-, four- or even five-stage units can be used.
  • the compressors work against the filling pressure built up in the downstream line or against the filling pressure in the downstream gas storage (line or accumulator pressure).
  • line or accumulator pressure With the filling pressure, the work to be performed by the compressor per Nm 3 of gas increases and, with the work, the consumption of electrical energy (the compressors are usually electrically driven).
  • the compression power With usually more or less constant (electrical) power consumption, the compression power therefore decreases with increasing backpressure or with increasing difference between inlet pressure and storage pressure.
  • the compression rate is ceteris paribus consequently higher than at the end of the filling.
  • the average mass flow capacity of the compressor is higher when the pressurized gas tank to be filled is completely emptied, i. from e.g. 250 bar to a residual pressure of e.g. 5 bar, as if the emptying to a much higher residual pressure of, for example, 200 bar.
  • the compressor has to work on average against a pressure of 127.5 bar, in the latter case against an average pressure of 225 bar.
  • the illustrated power bandwidth of the compressor / s is summarized below to an average compaction performance or to an effective compaction performance.
  • the compressor technology is subject to economies of scale and the specific, related to a Nm 3 gas energy consumption decreases with increasing compressor size
  • the advantage is usually enormous: the kWh el measured power input at a given compression capacity is in large compressors by up to 40% lower than in small and very small compressors.
  • the proportionate expense for maintenance and repairs decreases. For these reasons, hardly any compressors are installed in Germany under a capacity of 100 Nm 3 / h.
  • the compressed gas From the compressor, the compressed gas enters a high-pressure distributor. This controls and regulates the filling of the downstream gas storage and the removal of the gas from these gas tanks for the purpose of filling the pressurized gas tanks of gas or multi-fuel vehicles. Usually, various safety systems are also integrated in the high-pressure distributor.
  • the stationary gas storage of the gas filling station consists of several gas containers (so-called bottles), which are interconnected in batteries to so-called memory banks .
  • the gas storage is used to store the compressor work performed by the compressor, ie both the pressurization and the gas storage.
  • the refueling of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle can be done in a very short period of time.
  • the gas fuel is usually delivered via a pump by means of a flexible refueling hose and a fuel nozzle (tap) to the pressurized gas tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle.
  • the dispenser may also have indications indicating the quantities of gas dispensed by the gas station and the price charged for these quantities.
  • the entire system technology of the gas filling station has so far mostly been installed and operated in a compact housing made of concrete or sheet metal. Above all, it serves to protect against the weather, the emission of compressor noise and vandalism.
  • the refueling technology described is usually controlled, regulated and monitored by an electronic filling station control.
  • the compressed gas is stored in the gas storage facility of the gas filling station in at least one gas storage. If necessary, it can be connected to a mobile gas tank (eg a gas or multi-fuel vehicle with its compressed gas tank) be submitted (see. FIG. 1 of the DE19650999C1 (Mannesmann AG)).
  • a mobile gas tank eg a gas or multi-fuel vehicle with its compressed gas tank
  • the compressed to up to 200 bar gaseous (natural) gas from the pressurized gas tank of the vehicle is usually performed via a pressure reducing valve and a mixture control module to the cylinders of the engine. There, it is converted by combustion into mechanical energy and heat, as in gasoline and diesel technology.
  • the first gas storage is connected to the mobile gas tank. It flows as long as gas into the mobile gas tank until the pressure in both containers is the same. Depending on how large the geometric volumes of the first gas storage tank and the mobile gas tank (vehicle tanks) are, how much residual gas with which residual pressure is still contained in the mobile gas tank and how high the storage pressure in the first gas storage is, a certain compensation pressure arises.
  • This compensation pressure amounts to at an outlet pressure of 250 bar typically to 120 bar.
  • the line between the first gas storage and the mobile gas tank is closed and the line to the second gas storage opened with its pressure of 250 bar.
  • gas fuel flows over until pressure equalization has set in at a new, higher level. This is typically 185 bar.
  • the line from the second gas storage is closed, then the line is opened by the third gas storage, which is initially also under a pressure of 250 bar.
  • the third pressure equalization takes place at approx. 200 bar, the desired target filling pressure of the mobile gas pressure tank (vehicle tank).
  • gas station 1 Although the type of gas station 1 described below has established itself as the standard in Germany with a market share of over 95%, the gas filling stations can in principle have very different designs, sizes and modes of operation and thus also properties. To solve the above-described and as yet unsolved chicken-and-egg problem, the different characteristics of the various gas station types are of central importance. In particular, under the framework of a relatively small and slowly growing gas vehicle population, the differences in characteristics are at least in Germany of high relevance. The various gas station types are therefore described in detail below.
  • Gas stations generally comply with one of the 7 types of service stations listed below.
  • the conventional public gas filling station which is supplied with natural gas or hydrogen or BioMethan or SynMethan or a corresponding mixed gas via a gas pipeline network, represents the type 1 gas station .
  • This type 1 is structurally connected to the subsoil, connected to the natural gas pipeline network and to the power grid and therefore fully stationary. It can not simply be dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere. Over 95% of the gas stations operated in Germany correspond to this type 1, which is constructed as described above.
  • the compressor compresses the gas to be filled to a pressure substantially above the filling pressure of the gas tank to be filled, because the gas flows only from the gas storage in the mobile gas tank, if there is a corresponding pressure gradient. Since the pressure in the gas storage decreases steadily during the filling process, the gas storage pressure, especially at the beginning of the filling, must be considerably higher than the filling pressure of the mobile gas tank. For reasons of technical and economic complexity, the compressor is usually designed in such a way that it requires considerably more time to fill the gas reservoir than the filling of the mobile gas tank takes. That is, in gas stations, i.d.R. only the gas storage the gas to be filled ready.
  • pressurized gas reservoirs are usually connected downstream of the compressors, which if necessary are operated in multiple stages, so that gas-powered vehicles such as petrol and diesel vehicles using liquid fuels can be refueled within minutes.
  • the size of the gas filling stations is determined less by the number of dispensers than by the performance of the compressor and by the capacity the memory banks consisting of a different number of single bottles.
  • the compressor capacities measured in Nm 3 gas / h determine which daily number of refueling operations can be performed or which number of customers can be supplied. As demand fluctuates and there are times of day when no or few vehicles drive to the gas filling station when the storage banks are full, the compressor does not run all day.
  • the experts usually assume that the compressors run on average only 12 hours per day and that this 50% partial performance determines which number of customers can supply the corresponding gas filling station permanently with gas fuel. The remaining 12 hours are usually required to cover any peak demand.
  • a German CNG car consumes an average of approx. 10,000 kWh CNG or approx. 1,000 Nm 3 of (gas) fuel, which, when using CNG-H, results in a gas mass of approx. 800 kg and when using CNG-L a gas mass of approx. 780 kg.
  • CNG-H results in a gas mass of approx. 800 kg
  • CNG-L a gas mass of approx. 780 kg.
  • a gas filling station with a (average) compression capacity of 103 m 3 / h and a normal operating time of 12 h / d can compress a gas fuel quantity of 1,236 m 3 or 12,360 kWh Hi per day and a gas fuel quantity of 4,450,000 kWh Hi per year. This amount is enough to supply 445 car equivalents permanently with gas fuel.
  • the gas storage capacity downstream of the gas compressor determines how many gas or multi-fuel vehicles can be refueled in rapid succession, one after another, or at one peak load hour.
  • the (geometric) storage volume at the German gas filling stations is approx. 2,240 liters or 2.24 m 3 .
  • the real gas factor (compressibility factor Z) for methane naturally consists of 80% to 99% methane
  • 2.24 m 3 x 250 bar x 1 / 0.90 approx. 622 m 3 gas and thus approx. 6.220 kWh Hi are stored.
  • the filling pressure of the CNG motor vehicle's full tanks is usually 200 bar, ie only one part, namely a pressure difference of 50 bar, is used by the filling pressure of the storage banks, which is at 250 bar.
  • this pressure difference results in a given gas volume of 2,240 liters for a gas volume difference of approx. 112 m 3 gas (1,117 kWh Hi ) and taking into account this factor to a gas volume difference of approx. 124 m 3 gas (1,240 kWh Hi ).
  • the average compressor with its capacity of 103 m 3 gas / h can reach approx. 103 m 3 to a pressure of 250 bar.
  • All gas stations have a compressor.
  • the smallest of the gas refueling stations built by Schwelm are 3 filling stations with a compaction capacity of 15 Nm 3 / h, 2 filling stations with a compaction capacity of 20 Nm 3 / h and 1 filling station each with a compaction capacity of 25 Nm 3 / h, 26.5 Nm 3 / h, 27 Nm 3 / h, 30 Nm 3 / h and 33 Nm 3 / h. Almost all of these 10 smallest gas stations were built in 2001 and earlier.
  • the smallest Schwelm gas filling station compresses in daily 12-hour operation with an availability of 360 days per year (this corresponds to an availability of 98.6%) annually approx. 64,800 Nm 3 gas to the filling pressure of at least 200 bar.
  • a (lower) methane calorific value of 9.971 kWh Hi / Nm 3 this corresponds to an amount of energy of approx. 646,000 kWh Hi / a.
  • an average annual consumption of approx. 10,000 kWh Hi / Pkw can the smallest Schwelm gas filling station in normal operation so approx. Supply 65 car equivalents.
  • Such small gas stations are not built since 2002.
  • the gas filling stations built in 2010 ff. With their compressor capacity of 134 Nm 3 / h, can boast approx. Supply 577 car equivalents with CNG.
  • the demand is for the 800 gas stations, which do not supply CNG buses, but on average only approx. 223 passenger car equivalents (see above), ie the compressors of the average German passenger car gas filling station are at approx. 12 hours' normal operation. 39% utilized. MaW, high expenditure on equipment is unused.
  • the petrol station manufacturer Bauer-Kompressoren built more than 100 miniature gas stations of the type Mini Fuel Station (MFS) in the years 1997 to 2000.
  • the three compressor types used have a delivery capacity of 16.9 to 12.6 Nm 3 / h and 43.7 to 34.7 Nm 3 / h and from 51.5 to 30.0 Nm 3 / h. With a filling pressure of 250 bar and a memory bank idle pressure of 200 bar, they promote an effective average of approx. 13.0 Nm 3 / h or approx. 35.6 Nm 3 / h or approx. 32.2 Nm 3 / h.
  • the Bauer compressors can meet a demand for gaseous fuel of 560,000 kWh Hi or 1,533,000 kWh Hi or 1,387,000 kWh Hi Demand of 56, 153 and 139 car equivalents, respectively. That is, the smallest Bauer gas station is on the supply of at least approx. Targeted at 56 car equivalents. In this catchment area / customer base and at approx. 55 refueling per car equivalent per year results in a refueling frequency of approx. 8.6 refuelings per day.
  • the smallest filling station of the gas station manufacturer Greenfield is with a compression capacity of 80 - 150 Nm 3 / h for 53 to 100 car refueling per day designed, ie this still relatively large petrol station type supplied in 12-hour operation approx. 345 to 650 car equivalents.
  • the average capacity of newly installed memory banks in the new gas filling stations increased from 1,640 liters in 2002 to 2,470 liters in 2008, 2,250 liters in 2009 and 2,430 liters in 2010.
  • the operators of the gas filling stations have thus currently adjusted to a peak demand of approx. 7 - 14 refuelings directly after one another or to a peak demand of approx. 9 - 18 refuelings in 1 hour.
  • the relatively high technical outlay for compressors and storage has a relatively high capital expenditure (about 300,000 euros, LPG: 30,000 euros) and thus a relatively high depreciation (about 30,000 euros per gas filling station and year, LPG : 3,000 euros).
  • the construction of a gas filling station usually requires a lot of construction work. If the usually electrically driven compressor has a high power consumption, which goes beyond the usual capacity of the existing power grid, even the construction of an otherwise unnecessary transformer station may be required. Overall, this technical expense results in construction costs of up to € 900,000 per type 1 gas filling station. The depreciation alone amounts to up to 90,000 euros per year.
  • the gas station type 2 is the non-public garage or home gas stations, which are connected to the domestic gas line.
  • the gas will be this taken from the domestic gas line, compressed with a (relatively small) compressor and fed without intermediate storage via a refueling hose and a gas-tight coupling directly into the pressure tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle.
  • the gas pressure is monitored by a pressure sensor, which is usually located between the compressor and the clutch. Since the refueling process is very slow (this refueling mode is also called "slow fill"), the gas pressure measured between the clutch and the supercharger corresponds approximately to the gas pressure in the pressure tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle.
  • the now extinct EP0356377 (Greenfield AG) describes such a non-public home gas station.
  • the Phill unit is fastened to the garage wall with a few screws and connected to the domestic gas line as well as to the domestic power supply. It can be disassembled relatively easily.
  • the Phill unit has an average delivery rate of approx. 1.1 kg / h. Since for CNG cars the usual refueling amount for an average refueling process is about 20 Nm 3 or about 14.4 kg CNG and the gas station does not use memory, the car to be refueled has to be refueled with CNG for about 13 hours stay connected to the home gas station. During this time, the CNG vehicle is not available to the user, unless he decides to drive off with a partially filled tank or to fill an already partially depleted vehicle tank.
  • a home gas station could This type of construction would cover the gas fuel requirement of up to 8 passenger car equivalents for a period of 12h / d, but refueling would not be based on demand but on supply. Assuming that the unit is followed by a suitably dimensioned storage tank and the compressor runs for only 12 hours a day, a home gas station with the above-described compression capacity could supply up to 4 passenger car equivalents with a time delay of gas fuel.
  • the total specific petrol station costs related to the kWh gas are approximately 200% to 300% higher than the full costs arise during the operation of large filling stations.
  • the manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker offers the compressor models FMQ-2, FMQ-2.5 and FMQ-2-36, which usually work without memory, but with 2.5 Nm 3 / h to 4.3 Nm 3 / h (in the effective average 3.4 Nm 3 / h) has a higher compression capacity.
  • Smaller and medium-sized non-public depot or liquefied petrol stations represent type 3 gas station . These function like home gas stations , but due to the higher number of gaseous gas fueled CNG vehicles, compressors with higher compression capacity are used. In addition, gas storage can be used. There are many different ways of storing gaseous fuels for this type of refueling station so that the refueling times can be adapted to the requirements of the respective gas or multi-fuel vehicle fleet.
  • the requirement for refueling with CNG for gas station type 3, as for gas station type 2, is the connection to the natural gas grid.
  • this station type are the small FMQ models of the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker, namely the FMQ-2, FMQ-2.5 and the FMQ-2-36, as well as the large FMQ models of the manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker, namely the FMQ-10 and FMQ-8 36 (10.3 Nm 3 gas / h to 17.0 m 3 gas / h), as well as the tapping point FP 1-M / TA of the manufacturer Bauer compressors in conjunction with the small compressor 120 - 5.5 (12.6 Nm 3 / h - 16.9 Nm 3 / h) and a memory bank of any size (eg Bauer B2000 for outdoor installation or Bauer B1920 for integration into a building).
  • the refueling gas or multi-fuel vehicles come i.d.R. back to the location before their gas tank is drained, so that starting a public gas filling station is not required.
  • the CNG vehicles may be of any type, such as CNG passenger cars, light CNG commercial vehicles, heavy CNG commercial vehicles, CNG buses and special CNG vehicles such as CNG vehicles. CNG garbage trucks and forklifts.
  • type 4 petrol station For type 4 petrol station, the relatively small type 3 public network system for public use will be supplemented by a calibrated dispenser with flow meter and an indication of the unit price, the quantity refueled and the final price. Possibly. It also adds an automated payment option and increased ex-zone protection, which also acts as vandalism protection.
  • This type of gas station is known from Canada and the USA.
  • gas storage is mandatory. Their size depends on the number of gas or multi-fuel vehicles, which advance within the time for refueling, which requires the compressor to replenish the gas storage to the gas tanked amount.
  • the compressor type BRC Fuelmaker FMQ-2-36 with its effective compression capacity of 2.7 Nm 3 / h (compression of the gas in the gas storage tank to 248 bar, Emptying the gas storage to approx. 200 bar) and an availability of 360 days per year to supply up to 15 car equivalents with gas fuel.
  • the compressor type BRC Fuelmaker FMQ-8-36 can with its effective compaction performance of approx. 11 Nm 3 / h (compression of the gas in the gas storage tank to 248 bar, emptying of the gas storage tank to approx. 200 bar), eg with a running time of approx. 12 h / d with gas fuel for up to 60 car equivalents.
  • the gas station type 5 is represented by small quasi-mobile complete gas stations, such as the company BRC Fuelmaker currently manufactures and markets with its model Shark. Despite its compactness, this type 4 has a modular design and can be supplied with various memory banks. Since the compressors operate oil-free, the maintenance costs are relatively low. Nevertheless, connections to the natural gas pipeline network and the power grid are still required.
  • the Shark model from BRC-Fuelmaker is particularly suitable for low inlet pressures of 17 to 200 mbar, which prevail in the natural gas low-pressure network.
  • the Shark model from BRC-Fuelmaker is particularly suitable for low inlet pressures of 17 to 200 mbar, which prevail in the natural gas low-pressure network.
  • With an average compressor running time of 12 h / d and correspondingly large memory banks theoretically up to 115 passenger car equivalents can be supplied with gas fuel.
  • the installation of a Shark gas filling station would mean a much too large refueling capacity, which would only be used to a fifth and would also lead to losses for operators of this gas station technology in view of the given conditions in Germany.
  • the particular advantage of this type 5 is the mobility of this gas station. Except for the connections to the natural gas pipeline network and the power line network, all modules and components of the gas filling station are integrated in a single concrete housing. After capping the grid connections, the filling station can be quasi hooked, transported by truck somewhere else, and resumed operation there after connection to the local natural gas pipeline network and to the local power grid without major structural measures having to be taken. Nevertheless, the stock in Germany is currently zero.
  • the gas station type 6 represent parent-subsidiary systems, wherein the mother station can also be a gas filling station at the same time.
  • the main purpose of the mother station is the filling of at least one mobile memory bank (gas storage) for the purpose of supplying gas to vehicles located in places / regions without connection to the natural gas grid.
  • the at least one mobile memory bank can have different sizes, depending on how many compressed gas cylinders are integrated in it. It is filled like a very large (mobile) vehicle tank with gas and usually brought by truck to a subsidiary station that is not connected to a natural gas network. Often, however, the filling pressure is not only 200 bar, as in filled vehicle tanks, but 250 to 300 bar or even more. The geometric volume of the memory bank is better utilized by the higher pressure.
  • the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker markets such Type 6 systems.
  • the gas transport by storage tank and truck is technically more complex than the gas transport by pipeline, not least because approx. 95% of the transport weight Steel bottles exist and only approx. 5% from natural gas.
  • Germany with a length of approx. 400,000 km has a relatively dense natural gas network and the transport of natural gas by bottle or by storage is technically more complex and costly, the German gas industry has renounced the use of parent-subsidiary systems. At most, for special events such as car racing with CNG cars mobile memory banks are used. In Sweden, which has only a rudimentary natural gas pipeline network, such mother-daughter systems are used to supply decentralized gas stations.
  • the daughter stations are available in three different design or functional versions.
  • gas station type 6a the mobile multi-cylinder storage bank at the subsidiary station provides the gaseous fuel with no downstream compressor and no downstream storage bank. There is only one pressure reducer. The daughter station is thus without a compressor.
  • DE10206502C1 (DaimlerChrysler AG) describes such a type of compressed gas plant with a plurality of compressed gas containers, in which the compressed gas containers are arranged in a common holding frame and connected to a provided with a common shut-off valve common gas channel.
  • the advantage of this daughter-station variant consists in the avoided technical effort for the compressor or compressors (booster). Instead of the avoided technical effort for the booster, however, the costs associated with the truck transport of mobile storage banks, so that the transport costs from a certain transport distance overcompensated for the saved capital and operating costs for the booster and a saving effect is therefore no longer given.
  • a mobile, installed on a truck first pressure accumulator battery can be used to (mobile and immobile) decentralized second gas storage to fill after their (partial) emptying.
  • This can be done with and without the use of a mobile, installed on the truck or on the mobile first accumulator battery compressor.
  • a part of the work done by the compressor is lost in a disadvantageous manner as a result of the unavoidable partial expansion of the recirculated gas.
  • the subsidiary station is equipped with a simple stationary compressor (booster). Since this type of compressor requires a relatively high input pressure of, for example, 30 bar, the mobile or refillable stationary storage bank upstream of it can only be emptied to a residual pressure of approximately 30 bar, which is significantly better than the residual pressure of 200 bar, as described in US Pat Type 6a is achieved. Ceteris paribus this requires less frequent changes of mobile memory or less frequent refilling of stationary memory than at daughter stations without booster. Nevertheless, there is a technical and economic burden on the procurement and operation of the booster.
  • boost simple stationary compressor
  • the booster is followed by one or more memory banks in this daughter type, which compares the equipment required. increase the gas station type 6a again. You can have one, two, sometimes up to four pressure levels after appropriate booster filling. The number of pressure levels depends on the capacity of the booster, the booster capacity in turn depends on the (still) in the mobile (pre-) storage gas pressure.
  • the purpose of the multi-stage operation of the gas storage system is here as fast as possible filling the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tanks.
  • DE19650999C1 Mannesmann AG
  • the gas to be filled with a low inlet pressure into a first compressor, brought with this to an elevated pressure, cached with the increased pressure in a first gas storage, from there into a second compressor, with this on a brought further increased pressure level and passed through a second gas storage to a tap system essentially corresponds to this type 6b.
  • the only difference of type 6b to the prior art system of DE19650999C1 is the feature that the first gas storage is mobile and DE19650999C1 a double booster and the gas station type 6b only a single booster.
  • the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker offers a booster with a power consumption of 15 - 18 kW el typically between 100 Nm 3 / h (input pressure 30 bar) and 1,000 Nm 3 / h (input pressure 250 bar) to 300 bar can bring.
  • a booster is also the use of one of the in DE19916385C2 (Mannesmann AG) and DD115528A1 (Greer Hydraulics Inc.) described gas storage systems in which the gas storage each have two separate sub-volumes.
  • the partial volumes are separated from one another by a wall which can be changed in position and / or size, so that the content of both partial volumes can be changed.
  • a liquid pump liquid or gas can be pressed into one part of the shared gas storage with the result that the gas is displaced in the other part of the gas storage and / or that increases the gas pressure.
  • the German patent DE915696 (BV ARAL AG, application 31/05/1944, announcement 24/12/1953, publication 16/6/1954) describes a refueling of motor vehicles with gas fuel by means of "portable storage batteries, each at the gas station (meaning the location of the stationary compressor; Verf.) Were filled in order then in turn to refuel the bottles (meaning the mobile pressurized gas tanks, the author) of the car ".
  • the DE915696 (BV ARAL AG) displaces the existing after a pressure equalization with the mobile gas tank gas in the storage batteries by means of a "suitable liquid".
  • the gas compressor is replaced by a liquid pump, which is less expensive in terms of plant engineering and can work more efficiently than a gas compressor. Due to the displacement of the gas by a "suitable liquid", the amount of gaseous fuel unused in the portable containers is reduced to up to 3%.
  • DE102007049458A1 (Applicant: MAN Nutzweakenede AG, Inventor: Prümm, also referred to below as the Prümm process) takes up this idea, which eliminates the partition wall between the two partial volumes in the gas storage, for use in vehicles, in particular in diesel vehicles.
  • a compensation liquid is used, in which the gas can not dissolve.
  • the equalizing liquid is pumped by means of a liquid pump from a liquid container into the at least one gas reservoir.
  • a type 6b subsidiary station is advantageous if the number of refueling or the degree of supply has reached such a level that the technical complexity of the truck transport for the procurement of mobile storage, the technical complexity of the purchase and operation of a Booster exceeds.
  • degree of care this is the case, according to new knowledge of the inventor depends multifactor on the general framework conditions and the specific framework data of the affected subsidiary station.
  • a computer-aided simulation program can be used for the optimal upgrade points or upgrade quantities must be due to the Complexity of the calculation usually a computer-aided simulation program can be used.
  • the subsidiary stations are equipped with double compressors (BiBoosters) and downstream memory banks.
  • BiBoosters double compressors
  • Advantage of this variant is that the mobile memory bank down to a residual pressure of approx. 5 bar can be emptied, which ceteris paribus reduces the number of mobile memory banks.
  • Disadvantages of this variant of the daughter station are the higher technical complexity of a second, the first upstream booster and the higher technical complexity of a higher power consumption.
  • gas station type 6c is conceivable to replace the BiBooster and the at least one memory bank by a compressed gas storage facility, which operates according to the Prümm method described above.
  • a compressed gas storage facility which operates according to the Prümm method described above.
  • Both the pressurized gas storage system operating according to the Prümm method and a type 6c gas filling station equipped with a BiBooster manage, instead of merely approx. 33% or 40% over 90% of the stored or transported gas to use.
  • the Italian manufacturer BRC Fuelmaker offers a BiBooster, with its electrical capacity of 37 kW el to 55 kW el is a typical example, in the already mentioned DE19650999C1 is described. At an inlet pressure of 5 bar, this BiBooster compresses approx. 100 Nm 3 / h to 300 bar and at an inlet pressure of 250 bar approx. 3,000 Nm 3 to 300 bar.
  • AGA Gas AB a subsidiary of Linde AG, is familiar with the type of gas station 7 (see Ragnar Sjödahl, "LBG Infrastructure in Sweden", AGA Gas AB, www.biogasmax.eu/media/4t2_biogasmax_goeteborg_rs_ 096140200_0657_30092009.pdf).
  • the gaseous fuel will go to production (BioMethan) or after removal from the gas network (natural gas) and after any intermediate transport has been liquefied at a central location and thus converted into Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or in Liquefied BioMethan (LBM).
  • the liquid gas After filling with moderate pressure (usually 5 bar to 8 bar) in a mobile liquefied gas tank, the liquid gas is transported to at least one subsidiary station, usually by truck.
  • a compressor takes the liquid gas out of the liquefied gas tank, compresses it and passes the compressed liquid gas through a heat exchanger.
  • the compressed liquid gas absorbs heat from the environment, whereby it becomes gaseous.
  • the gaseous, under an elevated pressure (usually 280 bar to 300 bar) standing gas is temporarily stored in a memory bank, which is connected downstream of a pump.
  • the pump the gas tanks of gas or multi-fuel vehicles are filled, usually with a filling pressure of 200 bar.
  • the liquefied, under moderate pressure liquid gas with a corresponding compressor is only slightly further compressed and filled without intermediate storage by means of a liquid gas dispenser directly into the liquefied gas tank of a LNG vehicle.
  • the gas station-type mother-and-daughter systems 7 use liquefied natural gas or liquefied natural gas substitutes.
  • liquefied natural gas less energy is used in the production and conversion process, and in addition to the approx. 3.5 t of gaseous gas can be transported up to 20 t of liquid gas, because the tare weight is up to 16.5 t lower.
  • high-pressure steel gas cylinders weigh much more than liquid gas tanks. The liquefaction of the gas is therefore particularly advantageous when transport routes to the subsidiary stations are (must) be traveled, which are so far that the transport cost savings are higher than the additional costs of (natural) gas liquefaction.
  • DE29816811 U1 (Wiedemann) refers to the storage of flammable fuel gases such as natural gas and hydrogen in a gas storage, which is able to change its geometric volume. Such an LPG module may optionally be used in any of the types of gas stations described above. DE29816811 U1 However, it does not teach the dynamic development and expansion of a single gas filling station location nor the establishment and expansion of a complete gas filling station infrastructure.
  • EP1559949A1 (Gaveco AB) describes a method and system for refueling gas vehicles and redesigning a gas tank to be installed in gas vehicles, but not the dynamic assembly and disassembly of a single gas filling station location nor the construction and development of a whole gas filling station infrastructure ,
  • DE102008007928A1 (Linde AG) discloses a method for filling a mobile gas tank with pressurized hydrogen gas, but not the dynamic establishment and expansion of a single gas station site and also not the construction and development of a whole gas filling station infrastructure.
  • the invention is therefore based on the problem of solving the hen-egg problem and the problem of cannibalization existing in Germany, as well as providing technical refueling solutions (new refueling methods and system configurations), which also have less equipment and consequently less economic outlay then supply mobile consumers, in particular gas or multi-fuel vehicles, with gaseous gaseous fuel, if the number of gas or multi-fuel vehicles stationed in the catchment area of an gas filling station is low or very low.
  • this new filling station infrastructure to increasing sales volumes in such a way that the advantage of the relatively low technical and economic expenditure is maintained.
  • the small gas station types installed are then replaced by certain larger types of gas station, with the mined gas station types being reused at other locations, ie the originally installed mobile fueling systems will not be obsolete but systematically reused, with the replacement of refueling technology no depreciation and thus no special depreciation incurred.
  • the slightly larger gas station types are seventh replaced by even larger gas station types, and eighth, these degraded slightly larger gas station types in other locations find a re-use.
  • the invention is based in part on the previously known disclosures EP0356377 (Greenfield AG), EP0653585A1 (Sulzer-Burckhardt AG), EP0995943A2 (m-tec Gastechnologie GmbH), DE19730459A1 (Mannesmann AG), DD282351A7 (VEB Chemieanlagenbaukombinat Leipzig-Grimma), EP1559949A1 (Gaveco AB), DE19650999C1 (Mannesmann AG), Bartosch, Braun, Drewitz: "Natural gas - a new fuel for motor vehicles, the market launch by the city of Augsburg" (Mannesmann Demag AG 1996), WO-A-93/00264 (Fuel Systems), DE19933791 A1 (Linde Gas AG), EP0356377 (Greenfield AG), US265096 / WO2004031643 / DE60318083T2 (Fuelmaker Corp.), DE000020213688U1 (Quru GmbH), DE0000 20309846U1 (Qur
  • the e-mobile offer of e.on is also known AG and the complete package of e.on AG for CO 2 -free driving with eco-electricity including a loading box including professional installation, environmentally friendly fuel (electricity) from renewable energies and - if desired - an electric car (see www.eon.de/mobil) ,
  • the inventive on the dynamic adjustment of the filling station technology used in the changing gas station fueling needs of customers and customized gas station specific and gas station requirements for refueling mobile gaseous fuel consumers consists in full use of all execution or optimization options from a total of 9 process steps.
  • step 2) and / or step 7) and / or step 8) are useful and advantageous for achieving (first) success (volume specific reduction of specific infrastructure costs related to the individual kWh of gas or full costs compared to the infrastructure costs or full costs of conventional gas stations) but not absolutely necessary.
  • step 6 a shift of the quantity limits upwards, for example, means that an optimized optimized for smaller sales quantities equipment of a gas station, the higher demand but can serve quite well, but it is neglected, total (calculated at full cost) cheaper Use refueling technology. Instead of dismantling old technology which has become too small, it is often used further because it is "still in order and not yet written off". Even more frequently, however, as described above for filling station type 1, in anticipation of expected large sales volumes, investments are made in oversized filling station technology. Here is not gone the way according to the invention, first to install very small gas station technology and reduce this after generation of a first, sufficiently large demand and replace it with a next larger, possibly completely different gas station technology.
  • the resulting gas filling infrastructure provides the necessary foundation to rapidly and relatively widely deploy relatively low-cost, non-petroleum mobility, based not on new and problematic electrical or hydrogen technology, but on proven combustion engine technology and GHG-reduced gas fuel , (Neither the product nor the production process nor the production facilities) without having the existing automotive technology change and develop large, low-carbon with the combined use of conventional CNG vehicles and innovative gas fuel CO 2 or CO 2 -free car mobility possible. It is also independent of crude oil and thus independent of rising crude oil prices.
  • the (European) automotive industry can still build high-quality cars without having to change the technology greatly. Petrol engines are to be modified with only minor technical intervention to gas engines.
  • the following statements relate both to the method according to the invention and to the gas filling station devices according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention for the step-by-step, dynamic construction and operation of a gas filling station infrastructure and the gas filling stations according to the invention consist of constructing a minimalistic gas filling station at at least one selected location (see claims 1 and 18).
  • Location means, in this context, any site, any section of motorway, any motorway service area, any road section, road, block, district, town or village where an gas filling station can be constructed and operated, and the area around the site around, which is formed by a Beerlinienradius of 5,000 m (see claims 1 and 18). It would be possible to lay the gas station only minimal, without that would change anything essential for the clientele to be refueled. The location or location would be e.g. also supplied unchanged, if the gas station would only change the street side within a closed village or on a country road. Therefore, even this case of a minimal laying of the refueling technique should be protected, the location concept is therefore to be understood in a broad sense (see claims 1 and 18).
  • the aim is to keep the expenditure on equipment and thus the capital expenditure to be minimized at all stages of expansion, even if the operating costs of this minimal refueling technology increase somewhat. This depresses the relative infrastructure costs per unit of energy sold or per customer (car equivalent) under corresponding infrastructure costs of commonly installed refueling technology (cf. FIG. 1 ).
  • a memory bank with a geometric volume of 2,900 liters requires less equipment than a storage bank with a geometric volume of 4,800 liters (60 DGF).
  • a 960 liter (12 DGF) memory bank is even cheaper and more advantageous, and a 640 or less liter (8 DGF) memory bank is the cheapest.
  • the emptying of the given memory bank is maximized by means of a plurality of cascaded pressure stages.
  • the first gas or multi-fuel vehicle empties the first gas bottle, taking into account the thermodynamic real gas factor (compressibility factor) for methane to a residual pressure of about 135 bar and the second gas cylinder to a residual pressure of about 208 bar when refueling.
  • the residual pressure of the first gas cylinder could not be used because it is already below the target filling pressure of the pressure tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle, which usually rd. 200 bar. This is different in an advantageous manner in the parallel connection.
  • the second gas or multi-fuel vehicle can at least partially be filled from the first gas cylinder.
  • a new residual pressure of approx. 74 bar is established after pressure equalization.
  • the subsequent filling of the compressed gas tank of the second gas or multi-fuel vehicle from the second gas cylinder results in this after the pressure equalization a residual pressure of about 126 bar.
  • the third gas cylinder must be tapped. Their residual pressure is after the complete refueling of the 2nd gas or multi-fuel vehicle still about 196 bar.
  • the third gas or multi-fuel vehicle with its emptied to a residual pressure of 20 bar tank is first filled according to the inventive method from the 1st gas bottle, the residual pressure of 74 bar after the pressure equalization back to about 47 bar.
  • the following filling of the tank of the 3rd gas or Multi-fuel vehicle from the second gas cylinder drops its residual pressure after pressure equalization from approx. 126 bar to approx. 83 bar.
  • the subsequent changeover to the third gas cylinder fills the compressed gas tank of the third gas or multi-fuel vehicle with approx. 158 bar and leaves the third gas cylinder with just this residual pressure of approx. 158 bar.
  • For complete filling is switched to the 4th gas cylinder, which brings the compressed gas tank of the third gas or multi-fuel vehicle to 200 bar and then still has a residual pressure of about 200 bar.
  • the residual pressure of the first gas cylinder drops further from about 47 bar to about 32 bar, the residual pressure of the second gas cylinder of about 83 bar to about 53 bar, the residual pressure of the 3rd Gas cylinder from about 158 bar to about 84 bar and the residual pressure of the 4th gas cylinder from about 200 to about 129 bar.
  • the residual pressure in the gas cylinders continues to decrease with each gas or multi-fuel vehicle to be refueled, but never further than the (lowest) residual pressure in the tank of the mobile consumer, in particular the gas or multi-fuel vehicle tank.
  • the residual pressure of the first three gas cylinders in this calculation example after the 12th refueling decreased to 20 bar. It then amounts to 21 bar in the 4th gas cylinder, 24 bar in the 5th gas cylinder, 29 bar still in the 6th gas cylinder, 37 bar still in the 7th gas cylinder, and 45 bar in the 8th gas cylinder 9.
  • thermodynamic real gas factor compressibility factor
  • the step from the expansion stage 1 to the next expansion stage 2 is therefore inventively made only if the sales volume has increased accordingly or it appears that it will increase shortly, for example, from 217,000 kWh hi / a to 500,000 kWh hi / a or from 433,000 kWh Hi / a to 900,000 kWh Hi or from 649,000 kWh Hi / a to 1,300,000 kWh Hi / a (see claims 6 and 7 and claims 23 and 24).
  • According to the same design principles apply to the expansion stage 2 as on the expansion stage 1, just at a higher level.
  • the smallest possible refueling technique is used particularly in the expansion stage 2, for example, compressorless daughter stations of a mother-daughter system with a maximum geometric volume of 9,600 liters or eg independent gas station technology with compressor and connection to the national gas pipeline network with a compression capacity, the a maximum of 50 Nm 3 / h can bring to a pressure level of 250 bar (see claims 1 and 18). It is for the reasons listed above, which should not be repeated here, at the level of expansion stage 2 of advantage (especially if sales volumes on the expansion stage 2 grow slowly), the refueling technology to keep as small as possible on the second stage.
  • a frequently refilled geometric memory bank volume of, for example, 1,920 liters is ceteris paribus in the sense of the set goal (see above) more advantageous than a rarely refilled in the case of compressorless daughter stations of a mother-daughter system geometric storage volume of 4,800 liters (see claims 1 and 18).
  • a compressor for example, 30 Nm 3 / h to a pressure level of 250 bar ceteris paribus advantageously a higher number of operating hours and thus a higher utilization and thus lower equipment and capital expenditure than a compressor, the 50 Nm 3 / h brings to the same pressure level (see claims 1 and 18). Even cheaper is a compressor that brings only 20 Nm 3 / h to this pressure level and even cheaper a compressor that creates only 10 Nm 3 / h.
  • These values of stage 2 are also to be seen in the light of the compressor capacities, which are currently newly installed in Germany, averaging 103 Nm 3 / h (see above). This means that refueling capacities built in stage 2 are still far from what is currently being installed in Germany, namely compressor capacities of 103 Nm 3 / h on average (see above).
  • the step from the expansion stage 2 to the next expansion stage 3 is therefore inventively made only when the sales volume has increased accordingly or if it appears that it will increase in the near future. According to the same design principles apply to the expansion stage 3 as on the expansion stages 1 and 2, only just at a higher level again.
  • the three-stage procedure is extended in such a way that between the first and second method step or between the first and the second stage of the gas station ceteris paribus at least one further expansion step or at least one further stage of refinement with greater refueling than in the first step / in the first stage but smaller refueling technology than in second method step / is inserted in the second stage.
  • the size of the refueling technique is dimensioned in terms of the characteristics of the maximum gas mass flow of the at least one compressor, the maximum pressure level of the compressor, the geometric volume of the gas storage system and the maximum pressure level of the gas storage system in a fully filled state (cf claims 2 and 19).
  • the refueling capacities can be adjusted even more closely to the current sales volumes, which avoids or reduces (temporary) excess equipment capacity (see claims 2 and 19).
  • the problem of obsolete technology does not arise because the replaced or replaced technology is again used at another gas station location as described above.
  • the three-stage approach can also be extended by ceteris paribus between the second and third process step or between the second and the third stage of ceteris paribus at least one further expansion step or at least one further stage of refinement with greater refueling than in the second process step / in the second stage but smaller refueling technique than in the third step / in the third stage is inserted.
  • the advantageous sales quantities in this case are less than 1,600,000 kWh hi / a, preferably less than 1,300,000 kWh hi / a, more preferably less than 900,000 kWh hi / a and in particular less than 500,000 kWh hi / a or less than 140,000 kWh Hi / month, preferably less than 110,000 kWh Hi / month, particularly preferably less than 75,000 kWh Hi / month and in particular less than 36,000 kWh Hi / month (see claims 7 and 24).
  • 200 kWh Hi / refueling correspond to approx. 20 Nm 3 / refueling.
  • An LPG filling station which holds 360 Nm 3 gaseous gas fuel in its gas storage facility, can thus make 18 refueling (which corresponds to the need of 1 1 ⁇ 2 days), without having to turn on the compressor or make any other refilling. With an initial clientele of 5 to 10 passenger car equivalents, this provision is at least a factor of 10 too large.
  • the adjustment of the refueling technology to the changes in sales volumes should therefore be made less than 15 years after commissioning of the respective gas filling station, preferably after less than 8 years, particularly preferably after less than 4 years and in particular after less than 2 years (see claim 4) Part II and Claim 21 Part II).
  • the compressor of a gas station a monthly operating time of more than 20 operating hours, preferably more than 90 operating hours, more preferably more than 180 operating hours and in particular more than 360 operating hours (see claims 10 and 27).
  • the utilization is expressed in the number of refills of the gas storage per unit time.
  • the child station When refilled for a period of one year, the child station is definitely under-utilized, i.e., it is being suboptimal utilized.
  • the higher the refill frequency the lower the losses due to the provision of unused gas storage capacity. It is therefore advantageous to refill the gas storage system of a compressorless subsidiary station more than once every three months, preferably more than once a month, more preferably more than twice a month, and especially more than four times a month (cf. 10 Part II and Claim 27 Part II).
  • the size of an gas filling station is expressed in the capacity of the compressor and / or in the capacity of the gas storage. It is therefore advantageous if the larger refueling technology of a subsequent expansion stage with respect to at least one of the features maximum gas mass flow of the compressor, maximum pressure level of the compressor, geometric volume of the gas storage system, maximum pressure level of the gas storage system in the fully filled state by at least 10% greater or higher fails than in the preceding method step, preferably by at least 50%, particularly preferably by at least 100% and in particular by at least 200% (cf claims 14 and 31).
  • the gas filling stations may be public or non-public, e.g. in the form of depot gas stations or as liquor refueling stations. Both for the construction of a gas filling station infrastructure as well as for the individual gas filling stations, it is advantageous if the individual gas charging station is publicly accessible. Thus, it has the chance of higher sales, better utilization, faster growth, less provision of unused refueling technology (compressor and / or gas storage) and better cost recovery (see claims 15 and 32).
  • the newly installed gas stations are still small, especially if they are built and expanded according to the invention. It causes unnecessary infrastructure costs if operating personnel are kept available for gas stations that are less or less frequented. It is therefore advantageous to operate the gas filling stations of the first expansion stages without operating personnel (see claims 15 and 32).
  • German gas stations currently distribute only one gas fuel, namely natural gas.
  • This natural gas is only available in one of two varieties, namely natural gas H and natural gas L.
  • the gas filling stations it can be advantageous if the gas filling stations not only sell a gaseous gaseous fuel, but a plurality of gaseous fuels serving different customer segments. It would be possible, for example, to offer natural gas, in addition BioMethan, SynMethan, compared. Gasoline at least 50% GHG-reduced methane, vs.
  • the gas supplied to the gas filling station would be based i.d.R. So natural gas H or natural gas L.
  • the differentiation of the various gas fuels is then as in green electricity a virtual differentiation (see claims 16 and 33).
  • FIG. 2 represents in a simplified block diagram the design of a home filling station (type 2 gas filling station). Only those essential plant modules are shown.
  • This very simple refueling system consists of a gas power network with exit point, a small compressor, at least one refueling hose with fuel nozzle (tap) and the refueling gas or multi-fuel vehicle. There is no gas storage, the vehicle to be refueled remains connected to the compressor for the time of gas compression. The refueling time thus corresponds to the compaction time. Since the compressor can fill the gas or multi-fuel vehicle only slowly, the industry also speaks of the slow fill refueling process.
  • the design-related advantage of the home filling stations (also called garage filling stations or home filling stations HFS) is systematically used to ensure that these units are put into operation without substantial on-site work both in rooms such as garages and in outdoor areas can.
  • HFS home filling stations
  • the physical distribution of (possibly new) gas fuel is started at all the sites in which a (new) customer has registered. If there are no existing customers within the reasonable starting distance of about 10 minutes, this (new) customer occupies a new location.
  • the accumulating demand can be fully covered, there are both lack of supply and a premature and possibly oversized investment in filling station technology in regions / locations without high enough demand.
  • the initial individual customer of a site will therefore initially be set up private petrol stations, until the demand for gas fuel at their location has risen to the point where at least the installation of a type 4 or type 6a public gas filling station (s.u.) is justified. As soon as this public Type 4 or Type 6 gas station has been commissioned, the first customers have to approach this public gas filling station for refueling, as the home / liquor filling stations are dismantled as described above and used at other locations.
  • a systematic advantage of the invention is the fact that most households in Germany are connected to the national natural gas grid. As a result, in principle, a home / liquor filling station can be set up in almost every household.
  • the advantage of the relatively low investment volume is also used.
  • a location with a first possibility for refueling can be provided with a (possibly new) gas fuel.
  • the resulting investment volume is relatively low. It gets even smaller when the initial investment in home or liquefied petrol stations is spread over multiple uses in different, previously unoccupied locations. The necessity does not change anything about this advantage, the (small) respective ones to write off structural and electricity-related installation expenditure during disassembly.
  • the fact that the installation of a home filling station is very fast compared to the establishment of a public filling station is used for the construction of the gas filling station infrastructure according to the invention.
  • Another advantage is inventively developed by intelligent planning approach: if it becomes apparent that the demand for gas fuel, the first quantity threshold or the first threshold will exceed relatively soon, is still looking for a suitable location during their home gas station phase with the search for a suitable Site for a public gas station (type 4 or type 6a, see below) and started the administrative work of the application for the official operating permit, which often take a relatively long time. If demand actually exceeds the first tonnage limit, less time will be lost to building the site-specific infrastructure and the gas station infrastructure as a whole.
  • both the specific infrastructure costs and the full costs of the gas filling station type 2 are higher than the corresponding costs of the conventional gas filling station type 1, but they are still considerably less than the specific costs of a large gas station, which can serve a single customer or a few customers only at extremely high costs with oversized plant and compressor technology (see. FIGS. 1 . 2 . 3 and 4 ).
  • This finding constitutes an essential and central prerequisite for the invention of the method disclosed here for the construction of an gas filling station infrastructure and the likewise disclosed refueling system.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a home refueling system as an advantageous development of the in FIG. 2 illustrated refueling system, as essential system components comprising a gas power grid with exit point, a small compressor, a small stationary Gas storage, at least one refueling hose with fuel nozzle (tap) and the gas or multi-fuel vehicle to be refueled. Due to the additional stationary gas storage compressor run time and refueling time are no longer identical, the compressor can do its job even if the gas or multi-fuel vehicle is not connected to the home gas station. The refueling time is thus shortened in an advantageous manner (the gas or multi-fuel vehicle is at least partially filled from the gas storage), also makes it possible to supply several gas or multi-fuel vehicles from the home gas station with gas fuel.
  • the tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicles is filled in this system variant directly after connecting to the home / liquor station from the bottle storage relatively quickly with, for example, 50% to 75% with the result that the compressor as the remaining compression work only 50 % to 25% of the previously necessary time needed.
  • the gas or multi-fuel vehicle is less connected to the home gas station and secondly, if necessary, a second and third gas or multi-fuel vehicle can be refueled via this home gas station.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a simplified block diagram the simplest design of a type 6 gas filling station, ie the type 6a. Shown are only the system modules that are essential for the subject. These essential parts include a natural gas pipeline network with an exit point, a parent station with a (large) compressor, at least one mobile gas storage, at least one subsidiary station (in FIG. 3 only one subsidiary station is shown) with at least one pump each with refueling hose and nozzle (tap) to which at least one gas or multi-fuel vehicle is refueled.
  • the at least one mobile, under high pressure of up to 350 bar standing gas storage is sold at the subsidiary station and connected to this. There is no further pressure increase in the subsidiary station. It only gets so much gas into the tank of the gas or multi-fuel vehicle, until the target pressure of 200 bar is reached. When the gas pressure in the mobile gas storage has dropped below 200 bar, this partially emptied mobile gas storage is replaced by a full mobile gas storage.
  • the multistage refueling method according to the invention with parallel-connected compressed gas cylinders and / or the multi-stage refueling system according to the invention with compressed gas cylinders connected in parallel are used, in which the pressure level prevailing in the mobile gas accumulator can be largely emptied by a multistage circuit up to 20 bar and below (see above).
  • the systematic use of the type 6a filling station technology according to the invention has the first advantage that no connection to the natural gas grid is required.
  • the laying of a natural gas pipeline, even if only laying a more or less short spur line, can be omitted. This saves construction costs and, above all, time.
  • significantly more sites are eligible for the construction of the public gas station, as if in the site search consideration should be taken to the existence of a natural gas grid exit point.
  • the second advantage of the systematic use of the type 6a refueling technology according to the invention is the relatively low investment volume: a public (!) Gas refueling station can be set up without having to install complex and expensive compressor technology.
  • the compression is rather centrally by a large and efficient compressor of a mother station, the gas can not only compress more efficient than a decentralized compressor of small or medium power class, but usually due to the much higher power consumption also comes to enjoy a lower cost of electricity.
  • the resulting specific electricity cost savings related to the kWh gas and the saved depreciation and capital costs for the decentralized compressors overcompensate for the cost of trucking the loaded memory banks from the mother station to the subsidiary station or to the multiple subsidiary stations.
  • This second advantage of the Type 6a refueling technique is further enhanced when employing the refueling subtype of the present invention as described above in which the emptying of the subsidiary station's store memory is maximized by its parallel and multi-stage operation.
  • An advantageous consequence is, as described above, that the specific full costs per kWh Hi still go back further than when using only compressorless subsidiary stations.
  • the appropriateness of the selected size of the gas storage facility can be read on its geometric volume, which should be as small as possible, and / or on the number of (standard) gas cylinders used, which should also be as small as possible.
  • FIG. 5 shows an advantageous embodiment of in FIG. 4 featured refueling system. Shown are only the system modules that are essential for the subject.
  • a compressor is installed, by its use, the delivered mobile gas storage is not only emptied to 200 bar, but up to 30 bar.
  • the ceteris paribus mobile gas storage connected to the subsidiary station has to be exchanged less frequently, which reduces the transportation costs.
  • the gas fuel compressed by the compressor of the subsidiary station is temporarily stored in a stationary gas storage belonging to the subsidiary station until a gas or multi-fuel vehicle appears for refueling. After its filling, the compressor fills the stationary gas storage from the mobile gas storage again or ensures a sufficiently high pressure, so that the next gas or multi-fuel vehicle can be refueled.
  • the size of the stationary gas storage system depends on the peak frequency (highest number of refuelings per hour) with which the subsidiary station is approached by gas or multi-fuel vehicles.
  • the stationary gas storage downstream of the compressor of the subsidiary station is designed as a multi-stage storage, preferably at least as a 3-stage storage, particularly preferably at least as a 6-stage memory and in particular at least as a 12-stage memory.
  • the replacement of the 6a-type by the 6b-type according to the invention has the advantages that neither a change of location must occur (also the 6b-type works without direct connection to the natural gas pipeline network) nor that the 6a-type must be replaced necessarily. Rather, it can also use the already installed system components such as the concrete housing, the pump, the point of sale terminal (automatic payment processing) and the memory bank without connection to the natural gas network by integrating a compressor (booster) to 6b -Type be upgraded. As a result, there is no big jump in the specific full kWh gas related cost, which in turn brings with it the advantage that the quantity limit range in which such a change can take place, which, in turn, provides flexibility of the technical application at the single location increased. Higher flexibility in the technical equipment of the individual cell advantageously also indirectly results in greater flexibility in the technical equipment of the entire filling station infrastructure.
  • FIG. 6 discloses an advantageous development of the in FIG. 5 shown refueling system.
  • This has an associated with the mobile gas tank mobile compressor on and in the subsidiary station an additional first stationary gas tank and the FIG. 5 known compressor. Shown here are only essential for the subject plant modules.
  • the compressor connected to the mobile gas tank transports the gas fuel in the mobile gas tank on the occasion of the supply of gaseous fuel from the mother station in the first stationary gas storage of the subsidiary station. This allows the mobile gas tank to remain on the transport vehicle. Since the mobile gas storage is not unloaded, it can also be made much larger, which can advantageously reduce the relative tare weight of the mobile gas storage. Ceteris paribus, the transported net weight may increase, which reduces the specific transport costs.
  • the mobile compressor also increases the transport capacity, because the mobile gas storage can be emptied with the mobile compressor to up to 30 bar. Without compressor use, only emptying to 200 bar would be possible.
  • the stationary gas storage downstream of the compressor of the subsidiary station is designed as a multi-stage storage, preferably at least as a 3-stage storage, particularly preferably at least as a 6-stage storage and in particular at least as a 12-stage storage.
  • FIG. 7 presented advantageous development of in FIG. 6 shown refueling system has instead of the mobile, connected to the mobile gas storage simple compressor on a double compressor.
  • This has the advantage that the mobile gas storage not only on approx. 30 bar can be emptied, but up to 5 bar.
  • the ceteris paribus station has to be approached and supplied less frequently by the delivery vehicle, which further reduces the (specific) transport costs.
  • the twin compressor (BiBooster) of the subsidiary station has the advantage that its first stationary gas storage can be emptied to a residual pressure of up to 5 bar. As a result, the ceteris paribus station still has to be supplied less frequently, which further reduces transport costs. This upgrade is particularly advantageous when the subsidiary station supplies a relatively large number of gas or multi-fuel vehicles with gas fuel.
  • the gas storage downstream of the double compressor of the subsidiary station is designed as a multi-stage storage, preferably at least as a 3-stage storage, particularly preferably at least as a 6-stage storage and in particular at least as a 12-stage storage.
  • FIG. 8 shows an advantageous development of the refueling system shown in Figure 71. Shown are only the system modules that are essential for the subject. Instead of a second gas storage, a gas storage system is used in the subsidiary station, which operates according to the Prümm method, ie, the first gas storage, the double compressor and the second gas storage are replaced by a gas storage, which can also accommodate liquids in where no gas dissolves. To compensate for the pressure loss occurring through refueling operations, a suitable liquid is pumped into the gas reservoir with a liquid pump in which the stored gas does not dissolve even at high pressure. Since it is less expensive to compress pressurized liquids than gases in terms of energy and plant technology, this technical solution is advantageous for the operator of the subsidiary station. The relatively inexpensive liquid pump is dimensioned gg. And the first gas storage of the subsidiary station is possibly rebuilt so that the gas storage can act as a multi-stage memory.
  • the location-specific selection of the used petrol station technologies represents a central element of the method according to the invention. From the above-mentioned 7 petrol station types and the novel refueling station type of the compressorless, equipped with a multi-stage gas storage facility daughter station the most suitable gas station types for each sales volume are selected. This selection is based on the criterion of the lowest specific infrastructure costs related to 1 kWh of gas , the calculation of which must include not only depreciation, but also capital and electricity costs. It should be noted that the infrastructure costs described here are ultimately a reflection of the technical or apparative effort to be minimized, which is what this invention is all about.
  • FIG. 9 It is shown how the gas filling station equipment to be installed in a location can be selected. Shown is a variant of the inventive method for site-specific selection and subsequent systematic adaptation of the selected refueling to a change in demand N by upgrading / replacement or disarmament / replacement of refueling or another embodiment of the invention expansion of an gas station, the demand quantity N expressed in passenger car equivalents P ⁇ . Although in this disclosure several times a gas amount of 10,000 kWh of gas per car equivalent is lifted, depending on technical advances in drive technology, a car equivalent may include all gas quantities between 20,000 and 2,000 kWh of gas per car per year. Shown are only the essential procedural steps for the subject.
  • n new demanders N occur or disappear, and their number, together with the number of customers already existing at this location, remains smaller than the threshold of 8 passenger car equivalents (P ⁇ ), these new customers will become like the old customers with gas filling stations of type 2 (home gas stations) or type 3 (small liquor refueling stations) described above.
  • these home gas stations preferably have a compression capacity of less than 10 Nm 3 / h and the liquor filling stations a compression capacity of less than 20 Nm 3 / h, preferably less than 15 Nm 3 / h, more preferably they are of the type BRC Fuelmaker Phill or of one BRC Fuelmaker FMQ-2, FMQ-2.5, FMQ-2-36 or of identical or similar models of other manufacturers.
  • a Type 6a gas station (subsidiary station of a parent-subsidiary system) is set up at the deliberate location, which is not connected to a gas pipeline network and which has no compressor (booster) and neither by the Prümm method or after a comparable method working compressed gas storage plant. Since the gas to be dispensed has already been dried and filtered in the mother station, installations for gas drying and gas filtration are also dispensed with. The technical complexity of the gas filling station is therefore relatively low.
  • the at least one filled with gaseous compressed gas mobile memory bank used by the subsidiary station as a source of supply should, for reasons of minimizing the technical complexity, have a geometric volume of up to 4,500 liters, preferably of at most 2,000 liters, more preferably of at most 1,500 liters and in particular of maximum 800 liters.
  • the subsidiary station is preferably of the subtype of the gas storage installation operated in parallel and operated in multiple stages according to the invention (compare claims 3 and 20).
  • the compression system should have as effective as possible protection against overinvestment of an effective compression capacity of ⁇ 25 Nm 3 / h, preferably of ⁇ 12 Nm 3 / h.
  • the compressors are of type BRC Fuelmaker FMQ-10 or BRC Fuelmaker FMQ-8-36 or of a similar or similar type, or of a similar type from another manufacturer.
  • the appropriateness of the selected size of the gas storage facility can be read from its geometric volume, which should be as small as possible (see claims 1 and 18), at the gas quantity available in succession for several refueling operations, which should be as small as possible (cf. and 25), and at the one hour from the gas storage and by switching the compressor mobilizable refueling capacity, which should also be as low as possible.
  • the tanker technology of the subsidiary station with compressor can be used instead of the compressor-free subsidiary stations without connection to a natural gas network (type 6a) (type 6b)
  • Compressor should run as a protection against overinvestment in the monthly average at least 1 hour per day, preferably at least 6 hours per day, more preferably at least 12 hours per day and in particular at least 18 hours per day (see claims 10 and 27).
  • the compressor run time is an indicator of the adequacy of the investment made. The shorter the running time, the higher the oversizing and the higher the running time, the higher the degree of utilization of the (compressor) system. That is, high compressor run times are advantageous.
  • a disadvantageous over-dimensioning of the gas stations to be selected is avoided if the compression capacity of a newly established filling station with (still) few consumers in the catchment area is less than 75 Nm 3 / h, preferably less than 50 Nm 3 / h, particularly preferably less than 25 Nm 3 / h and in particular less than 13 Nm 3 / h. This ensures that the specific apparatus and the economic outlay per kWh of gas delivered are minimized.
  • FIG. 9 Install a Type 6a refueling technique at the affected site n at a suitable public location or a Type 4 refueling technique. Once it has been put into service, the (in the worst case 7 pieces) type 2 gas filling stations will be dismantled and reinstalled at one or more other sites.
  • the Type 6a technology is used. If the demand should permanently decrease again below 8 passenger car equivalents (P ⁇ ), the gas station is declined according to claim 11 or according to claim 28. The remaining demand is covered by home gas stations. This means that not only an adaptation of the filling station technology to rising, but also to falling demand.
  • the type 6a refueling technology of the affected gas filling station is advantageously upgraded or dismantled either to the type 6b filling station and replaced by a type 6b refueling station. Refueling technology replaced. In the case of replacement, the Type 6a refueling technology will be reinstalled at another location. Basically, a direct change to the type 6c technology is possible and worth protecting. Alternatively, Type 6a can be replaced by Type 4. If type 4 was already installed, it will remain installed unchanged.
  • the type 6b refueling technology of the gas station concerned is advantageously upgraded or dismantled either for type 6c refueling technology and by a type 6c refueling technology replaced.
  • the disassembled Type 6b refueling technology is reinstalled at another location where it replaces a Type 6a.
  • Type 6b can be replaced by Type 4. If type 4 was already installed, it will remain installed unchanged.
  • the type 6 gas stations are subsidiary stations of so-called mother-daughter systems, which are usually not connected to the natural gas network, but are supplied by mobile gas pressure tanks with gas fuel, the mobile, filled with gaseous compressed gas gas storage (memory banks) a geometric volume of have a maximum of 4,500 liters, preferably of at most 2,000 liters, more preferably of at most 1,500 liters and in particular of a maximum of 800 liters (with decreasing storage volume decreases the technical effort), and wherein in the subsidiary station initially no compressor (booster) is used, but only a device for pressure reduction (see, claims 1 and 18).
  • Such an gas station is of the type 6a described above.
  • compressors boost
  • boost boost
  • compressors boost
  • boost boost
  • compressors which emptied their upstream mobile gas storage (memory banks) to a residual pressure of at most 70 bar, preferably to a residual pressure of at most 50 bar, more preferably to a residual pressure of not more than 40 bar and in particular to a residual pressure not exceeding 30 bar.
  • Such an gas station is of the type 6b described above. Advantages of this type of gas station are the greater usable storage capacity and the lower refill frequency (each refill causes significant transportation costs). Disadvantages are the investments in the compressor and the associated costs and the operating costs of the compressor (essentially electricity costs). Depending on how the site-specific conditions represent, it is sometimes advantageous to stay at the gas station type 6a, another time to change to the gas station type 6b.
  • this threshold is assumed to be 30 passenger-car equivalents (P ⁇ ).
  • P ⁇ passenger-car equivalents
  • this threshold is assumed to be 30 passenger-car equivalents (P ⁇ ).
  • P ⁇ passenger-car equivalents
  • FIG. 10 he is at 50 car equivalents (P ⁇ ), in the embodiment of the FIG. 11 at 75 car equivalents and in the embodiment of the FIG. 12 at 100 car equivalents.
  • BiBooster double compressor
  • the subsidiary station empties the upstream mobile memory bank up to a residual pressure of at most 20 bar, preferably to a residual pressure of at most 15 bar, particularly preferably to a residual pressure of at most 10 bar and in particular to a residual pressure of at most 5 bar
  • a gas filling station type 6c see above.
  • the investment for a BiBooster is higher than for a simple booster.
  • this threshold is assumed to be 100 passenger-car equivalents (P ⁇ ), in the embodiment of the FIG. 10 with 150 P ⁇ , in the embodiment of FIG. 11 with 200 P ⁇ and in the embodiment of FIG. 12 with 250 pe.
  • a disadvantageous oversizing of the type 6c gas station technology with its double-compression system is avoided in an advantageous manner if the compressor capacity of the compressor optionally installed in the subsidiary station is selected so that it runs as long as possible, namely at least 12 h / a, preferably at least 60 h / a, more preferably at least 300 h / a, and especially at least 900 h / a.
  • the change from the 6c station type to the large filling station is a drastic change if conventional filling station technology is to be used. If there is no (ground) gas pipeline in the vicinity, either a suitable branch line must be laid for connection or the petrol station must move its location in such a way that this connection becomes possible. However, this is not absolutely necessary according to the invention.
  • the gas station type 7 can also be used in an advantageous manner.
  • the subsidiary stations of this type are independent of a direct connection to the (natural) gas network, that is, the location of the gas station can be maintained.
  • the Type 4 petrol station technology can also be used as an alternative to the Type 6 petrol station technology.
  • This type of filling station has the advantage that the investment in filling station technology can be made even less expensive than in the type 6 gas filling stations, preferably at gas station-specific sales volumes of ⁇ 100 car equivalents or ⁇ 1,000,000 kWh of hi-gas per year, particularly preferably for gas station-specific sales volumes of ⁇ 50 car equivalents or ⁇ 500,000 kWh of hi-gas per year (see claims 1 and 91) and in particular for gas station-specific sales volumes of ⁇ 25 car equivalents or ⁇ 250,000 kWh of hi-gas per year. Accordingly, the specific, back to one kWh of gas -related full costs, in particular specific depreciation and specific capital expenditure.
  • the gaseous pressure gas filled mobile storage bank serving as the gas source additionally acts is filled with a suitable liquid, which displaces the pressurized gas at a pressure of ⁇ 200 bar by means of a liquid pump without the pressure gas dissolves in the liquid, whereby the pressure of the compressed gas increases again to> 200 bar and thus the mobile memory bank up a residual amount of at most 40% of the original charge is emptied, preferably to a residual amount of at most 25%, particularly preferably to a residual amount of at most 10% and in particular to a residual amount of at most 5%.
  • the use of a liquid pump is i.d.R. less energy intensive than the use of a compressor or a double compressor and therefore advantageous.
  • a residual pressure of ⁇ 150 bar can be emptied, preferably to a residual pressure of ⁇ 100 bar, more preferably to a residual pressure of ⁇ 30 bar and in particular to a residual pressure of ⁇ 5 bar.
  • the at least one mobile gas storage supplying the at least one subsidiary stations with gaseous gaseous fuel from the parent station may be equipped with a system operating according to the prior art Prümm method or a similar method instead of the booster or instead of the BiBooster , That is, in which the used for refilling mobile gas storage can be filled with a suitable liquid, the pressurized gas at a pressure of ⁇ 300 bar, preferably at a pressure of ⁇ 250 bar, particularly preferably at a pressure of ⁇ 200 bar under displaced by a mobile fluid pump, whereby the pressure of the compressed gas increases again and whereby the mobile memory bank is emptied to a residual amount of at most 40% of the original filling, preferably up to a residual amount of at most 25%, more preferably up to a residual amount of at most 10% and in particular to a residual amount v on at most 5%.
  • the use of a liquid pump is i.d.R. less energy intensive than the use of a compressor or a double compressor and therefore advantageous.
  • the site-specific overall demand of new and old customers reaches the sales volume of 400 passenger car equivalents (P ⁇ ) and the filling station technology can be connected to the national natural gas pipeline network (EG network)
  • the type 6c refueling technology of the gas station concerned becomes either a Type 1 petrol station upgraded or dismantled and replaced by a Type 1 gas station.
  • the disassembled Type 6c service station equipment will be reinstalled at another location.
  • this threshold is not 400 P ⁇ but 450 P ⁇ or 600 P ⁇ or 375 P ⁇ .
  • Type 6c refueling technology of the affected gas filling station becomes either Type 7 Filling station upgraded or dismantled and replaced by a type 7 service station. In the case of replacement, the previously installed Type 6c refueling technology will be used reinstalled at another location (see claims 9 part I and claim 26 part I).
  • the method described here and the refueling system (s) used for the systems described are used for distributing innovative gas fuels, preferably for distributing petroleum-independent, GHG-reduced gas fuels and particularly preferably for distributing petroleum-independent, GHG-free gaseous fuels and in particular for the distribution of petroleum-independent, GHG-negative gas fuels (see claims 17 and 34).
  • the distribution of the at least one innovative gas fuel will therefore be independent of the operators of conventional liquid fuel filling stations, whose interests often run counter to the interests of gas fuel distributors.
  • refueling of gas or multi-fuel vehicles entails membership of a club or similar organization or ownership of a fuel card
  • Membership of a club or the physical possession of a fuel card can be beneficial for the operators of gas fuel filling stations, because both tie the end customer to the network of gas fuel filling stations.
  • the data of the customer and / or the gas or multi-fuel vehicle are electronically detected by means of suitable facilities, preferably contactless.
  • the operator of the gas refueling stations and / or the customer (s) if the payment of the at least one gas fuel purchased via the gas refueling stations is made cashless using the banking infrastructure or the banking systems, preferably according to the direct debit procedure.
  • the customers / gas fuel consumers find the gas fuel they have already purchased wherever possible in the locality, it is advantageous to operate the gas filling stations under a common brand (see claims 16 and 33).
  • the customers if the customers recognize the gas fuel (s) themselves and not only the place of purchase (the gas station) and if the at least one gas pump for the addressed gas fuel therefore by means of suitable apparatus such as signs, electronic Display devices, screens and / or stickers that reflect the brand.
  • the operating state of the gas station by means of suitable systems (facilities) can be retrieved electronically or if the electronic gas station control reports this independently, preferably via the telephone landline and particularly preferably via the mobile telephone network.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the of FIG. 9 schematically illustrated method according to the invention for site-specific selection of the filling station technology or a further embodiment of the invention expansion of an gas station with other thresholds. Shown are only the process steps or expansion stages that are essential for the subject. If new demanders are added in the area of a site and their number, together with the number of existing customers at that location, remains below the threshold of 15 passenger-car equivalents (P ⁇ ), these new customers will be treated like the old ones with type 2 gas or gas Type 3 equipped.
  • P ⁇ passenger-car equivalents
  • Type 6a refueling technology or a Type 4 refueling technology will be set up at the affected location in a suitable public location. Once in service, the (in the worst case 14) pre-installed Type 2 gas stations are dismantled and reinstalled at one or more other locations.
  • the type 6a refueling technology of the affected gas station will either be upgraded or dismantled to Type 6b refueling and replaced with a Type 6b refueling technology.
  • the previously installed Type 6a refueling technology will be reinstalled at another location.
  • Type 6a can be replaced by Type 4, unless Type 4 was already installed. In the latter case, everything remains the same.
  • the type 6b refueling technology of the affected gas station is either upgraded or dismantled to type 6c refueling and replaced with a Type 6c refueling technology. In the case of replacement, the previously installed Type 6b refueling technology will be reinstalled at another location.
  • the type 6c refueling technology of the affected gas filling station will either be upgraded or dismantled to Type 1 or Type 7 service stations and Type 1 - or type 7 gas station replaced. In the case of replacement, the previously installed Type 6c refueling technology will be used reinstalled at another location (cf. FIG. 10 ). Whether the Type 1 or Type 7 service station technology is used depends on whether a connection can be made to the national natural gas pipeline network or not. If this is possible, the Type 1 petrol station will be set up, otherwise the Type 7 petrol station.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention for site-specific selection of the filling station technology or a further embodiment of the invention expansion of an gas station with again changed thresholds. Shown are only the process steps or expansion stages that are essential for the subject. If new demanders are added in the area of a site and their number, together with the number of existing customers in that location, remains below the threshold of 25 passenger car equivalents (P ⁇ ), these new customers will be treated like the old ones with type 2 or Type 3 equipped.
  • P ⁇ passenger car equivalents
  • Type 6a or Type 4 refueling technology When the site-specific aggregate demand from new and old customers reaches the sales volume of 25 passenger car equivalents (P ⁇ ), a Type 6a or Type 4 refueling technology will be set up at the affected site in a suitable public location. Once in service, the (in the worst case 24) previously installed Type 2 gas stations are dismantled and reinstalled at one or more other sites.
  • the type 6a filling station technology or the type 4 filling station technology of the concerned gas station is either upgraded or dismantled to the type 6b filling station and replaced by a type Replaced 6b gas station.
  • the previously installed Type 6a service station technology will be used reinstalled at another location.
  • Type 6a can be replaced by Type 4, unless Type 4 was already installed. In the latter case, everything remains the same.
  • the type 6b filling station technology of the concerned gas station is either upgraded or disassembled to the Type 6c gas station and replaced by a Type 6c gas station.
  • the previously installed Type 6b service station equipment will be reinstalled at another location.
  • the type 6c filling station technology of the gas station concerned will either be upgraded or dismantled to a type 1 filling station and through replaced a Type 1 gas station. In case of replacement, the Type 6c service station technology will be reinstalled at another location. If it is not possible to connect to the national natural gas pipeline network, the type 6c filling station technology of the gas station concerned can either be upgraded or dismantled to a type 7 gas station and replaced by a type 7 gas station.
  • FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention for site-specific selection of the filling station technology or a further embodiment of the invention expansion of an gas station with again changed thresholds. Shown are only the essential procedural steps for the subject. If new demanders are added in the area of a site and their number, together with the number of existing customers in that location, remains below the threshold of 50 passenger-car equivalents (P ⁇ ), these new customers will be treated like the old ones with type 2 gas or gas Type 3 equipped.
  • P ⁇ passenger-car equivalents
  • Type 6a or Type 4 gas station When the site-specific aggregate demand of new and old customers reaches the sales volume of 50 car equivalents, a Type 6a or Type 4 gas station will be set up at the site concerned in a suitable public location. Once in service, the (in the worst case 49) previously installed Type 2 gas stations are dismantled and reinstalled at one or more other sites.
  • the type 6a service station of the affected gas filling station is either upgraded or dismantled to the type 6b gas station and replaced by a type 6b gas station.
  • the Type 6a service station technology will be reinstalled at another location.
  • the type 6a service station technology as under FIG. 9 also be replaced by a type 4 service station technology. If a Type 4 petrol station was already installed, everything remains the same.
  • the type 6b filling station technology of the concerned gas station is either upgraded or dismantled to type 6c gas station and by type 6c or type 4 Gas station replaced. If a Type 4 petrol station was already installed, everything remains the same. In the case of replacement, the previously installed Type 6b service station equipment will be reinstalled at another location.
  • the type 6c filling station technology of the gas station concerned will either be upgraded or dismantled to a Type 1 service station and Type 1 or Type 7 Gas station replaced. In the case of replacement, the previously installed Type 6c service station equipment will be reinstalled at another location.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP15000123.8A 2014-01-20 2015-01-17 Procédé et configuration d'installation destiné à la construction dynamisée d'une infrastructure de stations de distribution de gaz Withdrawn EP2899449A3 (fr)

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DE102014000706.5A DE102014000706A1 (de) 2013-01-18 2014-01-20 Verfahren und Anlagenkonfiguration zum dynamisierten Aufbau einer Gastankstellen-Infrastruktur

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EP2899449A3 EP2899449A3 (fr) 2015-09-02

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CN114125006A (zh) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-01 四川金星清洁能源装备股份有限公司 一种加气站成套装备远程运维服务系统

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CN114125006A (zh) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-01 四川金星清洁能源装备股份有限公司 一种加气站成套装备远程运维服务系统

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