EP2922422A1 - Traitement de matériau de tabac - Google Patents

Traitement de matériau de tabac

Info

Publication number
EP2922422A1
EP2922422A1 EP13799353.1A EP13799353A EP2922422A1 EP 2922422 A1 EP2922422 A1 EP 2922422A1 EP 13799353 A EP13799353 A EP 13799353A EP 2922422 A1 EP2922422 A1 EP 2922422A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco material
subcritical water
tobacco
water
treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13799353.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jin Hu
Robert Saunders
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Investments Ltd
Original Assignee
British American Tobacco Investments Ltd
British American Tobacco Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, British American Tobacco Co Ltd filed Critical British American Tobacco Investments Ltd
Publication of EP2922422A1 publication Critical patent/EP2922422A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of tobacco material.
  • a smoking article such as a cigarette
  • a method for treating a tobacco material comprising treating the tobacco material with subcritical water.
  • a tobacco material which has been treated by a method according to the first aspect, or a derivative thereof.
  • a smoking article comprising a tobacco material according to the second aspect.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of subcritical water for removing one or more polyphenols or proteins from a tobacco material.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic of the Dionex ASE 350 pressurised hot water extraction equipment.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the physical properties of tobacco material treated in accordance with a method of the invention with a static time of 30 minutes.
  • Figure 4 shows the physical properties of tobacco material treated in accordance with the invention at different static times.
  • Figure 5 shows an HPLC trace of an untreated tobacco material.
  • Figure 6 shows the concentration of polyphenols in a tobacco material treated in accordance with the invention with a static time of 45 minutes.
  • Figure 7 shows concentration of protein in a tobacco material treated in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic side view of a smoking article including treated tobacco material according to embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 9 shows the chemical structure of the four reference polyphenol compounds detected and measured in experiments using HPLC: scopoletin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin.
  • Subcritical water is liquid water under pressure at a temperature between its conventional boiling point and its critical temperature, i.e. between ioo°C and 374°C.
  • Subcritical water may also be referred to as “superheated water” or "pressurized hot water”.
  • Treating the tobacco material with subcritical water may be used for the purpose of modifying the tobacco material in any suitable way.
  • treatment with subcritical water leads to the removal of one or more chemical substances.
  • treatment with subcritical water leads to the removal of one or more undesirable substances.
  • treatment with subcritical water leads to the removal of one or more polyphenols.
  • the treatment with subcritical water leads to the removal of one or more polyphenols selected from the group consisting of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, scopoletin, quercetin, and rutin.
  • the treatment with subcritical water leads to the removal of chlorogenic acid and/or rutin.
  • the treatment with subcritical water may lead to the removal of one or more proteins.
  • the treatment with subcritical water may lead to the removal of one or more polyphenols and one or more proteins.
  • treatment of the tobacco material with subcritical water results in a reduction in the content of one or more polyphenols of at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or a reduction in the content of one or more polyphenols of 100%, based upon the polyphenol content of the untreated tobacco material.
  • the treatment of the tobacco material with subcritical water results in the extraction of one or more polyphenols in an amount of at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100%, based upon the polyphenol content of the untreated tobacco material.
  • the treatment with subcritical water results in a reduction in the protein content of at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or a reduction in the protein content of 100%, based upon the protein content of the untreated tobacco material.
  • the treatment of the tobacco material with subcritical water results in the extraction of protein in an amount of at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or at least 95% or 100%, based upon the protein content of the untreated tobacco material.
  • the method of the invention comprises at least one step in which the tobacco material is treated with subcritical water ("subcritical water treatment step"). In some embodiments, where the method comprises more than one subcritical water treatment step, the same or different conditions may be employed in each subcritical water treatment step.
  • the subcritical water treatment step employed in the method of the present invention may involve contacting the tobacco material with subcritical water.
  • the method may involve submerging the tobacco material in subcritical water.
  • the method involves submerging the tobacco material in water at ambient temperature and subsequently increasing the pressure and temperature. This increase in pressure and temperature provides subcritical water in which the tobacco material is submerged.
  • the method may involve first increasing the pressure and then increasing the temperature of the water so as to provide the tobacco material submerged in subcritical water.
  • Subcritical water exists under pressure, i.e. at an increased pressure in comparison to atmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure employed in the method of the present invention may be any pressure suitable for providing subcritical water.
  • the method of the present invention comprises treating the tobacco material with subcritical water at a pressure of from about lsoopsi to about i700psi (from about 100 bar to about 120 bar). In some embodiments, the pressure is about i500psi (about 100 bar).
  • Subcritical water exists at temperatures between ioo°C and 374°C.
  • the temperature employed in the method of the present invention may be a temperature that provides liquid water at a temperature between ioo°C and 374°C.
  • the treatment step is carried out at a temperature of at least 125°C.
  • the treatment step is carried out at a temperature between about ioo°C and about 220°C or between about 120°C and about 200°C or between about 125°C and about 175°C. In some embodiments, the treatment step is carried out at a temperature between about 125°C and about 150°C.
  • the water employed in the method may be de-oxygenated water.
  • the water may be degassed using a sonicated bath to remove dissolved oxygen.
  • the water employed is HPLC grade water.
  • treating the tobacco material with subcritical water is a static treatment.
  • the tobacco material may be submerged in subcritical water for a period of time; referred to as the "static period".
  • the static period may be any length of time that allows the tobacco material to be modified in the required way.
  • the method of the present invention involves a static period of up to 2 hours. In some embodiments, the method involves a static period of up to 1 hour. In some embodiments, the method involves a static period of between about 5 minutes and about 55 minutes or between about 15 minutes and about 45 minutes.
  • the tobacco material may be separated from the water (also referred to as the liquid extract). This separation may involve any suitable filtration method, any suitable filtering medium pore size, and any suitable number of filtration steps.
  • the tobacco material may be filtered by paper filtration, nanofiltration, microfiltration, and/or ultrafiltration.
  • the tobacco material may be separated from the liquid extract by centrifugation using any suitable centrifuge system, any suitable angular velocity, and any suitable number of centrifugation steps.
  • the methods of the present invention therefore further comprise the step of separating the tobacco material from the water.
  • the pressure at which the step of separating (whether by filtration or by any other means) is carried out is independent of the pressure employed in the subcritical water treatment step. In some embodiments, the step of separating (whether by filtration or by any other means) is carried out at the same pressure as the subcritical water treatment step.
  • the method of the present invention may involve one or more subcritical water treatment steps.
  • the method comprises two or more (multiple) subcritical water treatment steps.
  • the methods of the present invention may involve one or more static subcritical water treatment steps.
  • the method comprises two or more (multiple) static subcritical water treatment steps.
  • the method of the present invention may comprise: a first subcritical water treatment step comprising treating a tobacco material with subcritical water by submerging it in subcritical water; a first subsequent separation step comprising separating the tobacco material from the subcritical water (e.g. by filtration); a second subcritical water treatment step comprising treating a tobacco material with subcritical water by submerging it in subcritical water; and a second subsequent separation step comprising separating the tobacco material from the subcritical water (e.g. by filtration).
  • such a method of the present invention further comprises a third subcritical water treatment step comprising treating a tobacco material with subcritical water by submerging it in subcritical water; and a third subsequent separation step comprising separating the tobacco material from the subcritical water (e.g. by filtration).
  • each treatment step and each separation step is carried out at the same pressure, e.g. from about lsoopsi to about i700psi (from about 100 bar to about 120 bar).
  • the tobacco material (also referred to as tobacco residue) may be washed any suitable number of times using any suitable liquid or liquids, such as water.
  • the methods of the invention further comprise a washing step comprising washing the treated tobacco material with water.
  • the method of the present invention further comprises a step of drying the treated, separated tobacco material.
  • the tobacco material may be dried using a centrifuge and/or in an oven.
  • Tobacco material comprises dead plant cells, and dead plant cells have many functional groups.
  • the functional groups are reactive towards water under conditions provided by the invention.
  • exposing tobacco material to water under favourable conditions is likely to result in the breakdown of different cellular structures, and the consequent release of different chemical substances.
  • cellulose in the plant cell walls comprises O-glycosidic bonds, which may be broken under favourable conditions to cause the cell wall to rupture, and the cell membrane to rupture— without the cell wall to balance the positive pressure potential of the water ( ⁇ ⁇ ), and many intracellular substances to escape.
  • the method of the invention may be applied to any suitable tobacco material.
  • the tobacco material maybe derived from any suitable part of any suitable tobacco plant of the plant genus Nicotiana.
  • the tobacco material may then be treated in any suitable way, and may be cured using any suitable method of curing, before being treated according to the method of the invention. In some embodiments, however, the tobacco material treated by the method of the invention has already been cured and may be cured cut rag and/or cured whole leaf tobacco.
  • tobaccos which may be used in the method of the invention include, but are not limited to: Virginia, Burley, Maryland, Oriental, and Rustica.
  • the method of the invention reduces or minimises the removal of at least some of the chemical substances whose removal would be undesirable, which could be the case for a variety of different reasons.
  • Nicotine may be an example of such a substance, and for this reason in some embodiments it is undesirable to remove this molecule.
  • the method of the invention removes less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of the nicotine from the tobacco material; in further embodiments, the method of the invention removes less than 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.1% of nicotine from the tobacco material; and, in further embodiments still, the method of the invention removes essentially no nicotine from the tobacco material.
  • one or more of these may be re-introduced into the material following treatment, and one or more of these may be substances whose removal would be undesirable, such as nicotine.
  • the method of the invention may comprise one or more further treatment steps. Further treatment steps may be particularly useful in the method of the invention for the purpose of removing large quantities of protein. This is because treatment with subcritical water is likely to rupture the plant cell walls in the tobacco material, thereby providing easier access to the intracellular components of the plant cells and the proteins found therein.
  • Suitable additional treatment steps include, but are not limited to: treating the tobacco material with one or more suitable non-ionic liquids, such as water; treating the tobacco material with one or more enzymes, which may be enzymes which catalyse the modification of polyphenols or proteins, such as phenol-oxidising and proteolytic enzymes; treating the tobacco material with one or more suitable surfactants, such as sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), in any suitable solvent; treating the tobacco material with one or more suitable adsorbent materials, such as polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP), hydroxylapatite, bentonite, activated carbon or attapulgite, in any suitable solvent if appropriate; and treating the tobacco material with one or more suitable non-aqueous liquids, such as ionic liquids.
  • suitable non-ionic liquids such as water
  • enzymes which may be enzymes which catalyse the modification of polyphenols or proteins, such as phenol-oxidising and proteolytic enzymes
  • the tobacco material subjected to subcritical water treatment may be subsequently subjected to further extraction processes. Having undergone any of the previously-described treatment steps in accordance with the method of the invention, the tobacco material may be dried and further modified in any suitable way before being incorporated into a smoking article. For example, certain chemical substances may be added to the tobacco material, such as flavourants where local regulations permit, and the tobacco material may be cut and/or shredded before being incorporated into a smoking article using any suitable method of incorporation.
  • the term “smoking article” includes smokeable products such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos whether based on tobacco, tobacco derivatives, expanded tobacco, reconstituted tobacco or tobacco substitutes and also heat-not-burn products.
  • the smoking article may be provided with a filter for the gaseous flow drawn by the smoker.
  • the terms “flavour” and “flavourant” refer to materials which, where local regulations permit, may be used to create a desired taste or aroma in a product for adult consumers.
  • extracts e.g., licorice, hydrangea, Japanese white bark magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, menthol, Japanese mint, aniseed, cinnamon, herb, wintergreen, cherry, berry, peach, apple, Drambuie, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cardamon, celery, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, ylang-ylang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, or a mint oil from any species of the genus Mentha), flavour enhancers, bitterness receptor site blockers, sensorial receptor site activators or stimulators, sugars and/or sugar substitutes (e.g., sucralose, acesulfame potassium
  • a smoking article 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises a filter 2 and a cylindrical rod of smokeable material 3, such as tobacco treated in accordance with the invention described herein, aligned with the filter 2 such that one end of the smokeable material rod 3 abuts the end of the filter 2.
  • the filter 2 is wrapped in a plug wrap (not shown) and the smokeable material rod 3 is joined to the filter 2 by tipping paper (not shown) in a conventional manner.
  • Figure 10 shows, for illustration only, a flow chart setting out the steps involved in one embodiment of the invention. The steps shown in Figure 10 should not be viewed as limiting the disclosure of the present application as a whole.
  • the methods of the invention may comprise any suitable steps, and any suitable number of steps, in order to reduce the polyphenol and/or protein content of the tobacco material.
  • the method of the invention may also further modify the tobacco material in any suitable way, for example by modifying the flavour it generates upon combustion, and/or removing other types of chemical substances.
  • the methods described herein may comprise one or more further steps to modify the tobacco material in any suitable way.
  • the tobacco material maybe modified to provide it with one or more characteristics desirable for a tobacco material.
  • the tobacco material may be treated in order to modify the flavour it generates upon combustion, and/or may be treated in order to remove one or more of its chemical substances.
  • the Dionex uses a static extraction method and is capable of heating water to a temperature of 200°C while still remaining in a liquid state.
  • Other systems can of course be used.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic of the Dionex ASE 350 pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) equipment, which is one type of equipment that can be used to perform the method of the present invention. Of course, other equipment may also be used.
  • Sample material is packed into a 100 ml stainless steel sample cell fitted with a paper filter at the base. The cell is then transferred to a preheated oven by a robotic arm. The cell and ASE equipment is capable of withstanding pressure of up to 3000psi.
  • a pump delivers solvent at ambient temperature to the sample cell.
  • the static release valve seals the cell automatically once solvent has travelled through the system to the collection vessel.
  • the pump continues to pump solvent until the pressure reaches lsoopsi. If the pressure reaches i700psi at any time during operation the static valve opens briefly to relieve the pressure.
  • the pump also delivers fresh solvent to the cell to maintain high pressure.
  • the static valve is opened and the solvent drained to the collection bottle. Fresh solvent is then pumped through the cell to remove extracted materials. The amount of solvent used here in this purging stage is defined by the operator. Finally the solvent is purged out of the cell with nitrogen (150 psi). The cell is removed from the oven by a mechanical arm and the residual pressure vented to atmosphere. With the cell removed from the circuit the entire system is purged with clean solvent to prevent contamination. Materials and Methods
  • i5g of tobacco was loaded into a 100ml ASE Cell, the cell was fitted with a paper filter at the base.
  • the water HPLC grade purchased from Rathburn UK
  • Samples were diluted but shaken on an orbital shaker for 10 mins then sonicated using a sonic bath for a period of 20 mins. Following this the samples were centrifuged using a desk centrifuge for a period of 15 mins.
  • HPLC HPLC was used to measure the concentration of four reference polyphenol compounds, namely scopoletin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin in the aqueous filtrate following filtration.
  • the chemical structures of these four reference polyphenol compounds are provided in Figure 9.
  • the dried tobacco residues were analysed using a combustion method, The analysis was performed using a LECO TruMac. The amount of sample used was lg. Only the fibre could be analysed with this technique as the extracts were highly soluble in water and washes to remove nonprotein nitrogen were not possible.
  • the FC assay is a colorimetric assay used to provide a measure of total polyphenol content in solution.
  • the magnitude of absorption at a particular radiation frequency - which polyphenols absorb - is measured for a sample.
  • the measured magnitude of absorption is compared to the magnitude of absorption at the same radiation frequency for a solution of the polyphenol, Gallic Acid.
  • the measured absorption of light may then be expressed in units of GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents).
  • Total protein content was determined for the freeze dried extracts and the tobacco residues using a bichinchoninic acid assay.
  • 1 mg per ml sample of the freeze-dried extracts and a 10 mg per ml sample of the dried fibre were prepared in a 0.14 M NaCl solution.
  • the samples were shaken on an orbital shaker for 10 mins then sonicated for a period of 20 mins. Following this the samples were centrifuged for a period of 15 mins. Following shaking the fibre samples were placed in an oven at 6o°C for 18 hours to attempt to remove any protein that may still be bound to the cells of the fibre, additionally 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid was added to the mixture to assist extraction of the protein.
  • the temperatures 150 III and 125 III refer to the extractions where three extracts are produced from the same tobacco.
  • the physical properties of the tobacco residue change dramatically as the temperature is increased. Up to ioo°C the material remains mostly unchanged and un-compacted. Between 125°C and 150°C the material begins to compact slightly although individual strands/fibres can still be seen and broken up by crumbling, the material begins to take on a slightly darker colour. At 175°C and above the material begins to compact heavily, and the material takes on a dark brown black colour.
  • HPLC HPLC was employed to quantify polyphenols in the treated tobacco material.
  • An example trace of unextracted tobacco is shown in Figure 5 for comparison.
  • the peak symmetry is good and the isomer of chlorogenic acid (cryptochlorogenic acid) is sufficiently separated from chlorogenic acid to allow accurate integration.
  • the HPLC traces for the extracts all show very similar trends. As the temperature increases the amount of polyphenol in the fibre decreased. Plots of phenol content ( Figure 6) show the chlorogenic acid and rutin decrease at a very similar rate. The intensity of the caffeic acid peak is so low in virtually all traces that integration of the peak may not be reliable.
  • the table shows clearly that the total amount of chlorogenic acid in the fibre drops rapidly even when extracted with water at 75°C for 15 mins. The amount of chlorogenic acid decreases steadily as the temperature is increased. The effect of time is seen to be less influential. When the fibre was extracted with three volumes of fresh water no chlorogenic acid could be detected in the treated tobacco material.
  • the total phenolic content of the treated tobacco material as expressed in Gallic acid equivalence (GAE) is shown in Table 8 below.
  • the data shows a significant reduction in total phenolic content compared to the untreated tobacco.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un matériau de tabac, le procédé comprenant le traitement du matériau de tabac à l'aide d'une eau sous-critique. L'invention concerne également un matériau de tabac qui a été traité par ce procédé ou un dérivé associé, et un article à fumer qui comprend le matériau de tabac traité par ce procédé.
EP13799353.1A 2012-11-26 2013-11-25 Traitement de matériau de tabac Withdrawn EP2922422A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1221199.1A GB201221199D0 (en) 2012-11-26 2012-11-26 Treatment of tobacco material
PCT/GB2013/053108 WO2014080229A1 (fr) 2012-11-26 2013-11-25 Traitement de matériau de tabac

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2922422A1 true EP2922422A1 (fr) 2015-09-30

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13799353.1A Withdrawn EP2922422A1 (fr) 2012-11-26 2013-11-25 Traitement de matériau de tabac

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20150296870A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2922422A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2015536150A (fr)
BR (1) BR112015012158A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2889320A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB201221199D0 (fr)
RU (1) RU2015125058A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014080229A1 (fr)

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US9765411B2 (en) * 2013-05-07 2017-09-19 Tyton Biosciences, Llc Green process to hydrolyze carbohydrates from tobacco biomass using subcritical water
FR3072874B1 (fr) * 2017-11-02 2020-11-20 Laboratoire Phenobio Extrait particulier de plantes a parfums, aromatiques et medicinales, procede d'obtention, compositions l'incluant et utilisations
KR102458971B1 (ko) * 2020-06-10 2022-10-24 주식회사 케이티앤지 열수침적된 잎담배를 포함하는 흡연물품 및 그의 제조방법
CN114947181B (zh) * 2022-06-13 2023-09-01 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 一种亚临界水萃取与有机溶剂萃取耦合提取烟草提取物的方法
CN115088861B (zh) * 2022-06-29 2023-09-15 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 利用废弃烟叶/烟末制备烟叶提取物的方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2015536150A (ja) 2015-12-21
CA2889320A1 (fr) 2014-05-30
RU2015125058A (ru) 2017-01-10
GB201221199D0 (en) 2013-01-09
WO2014080229A1 (fr) 2014-05-30
BR112015012158A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
US20150296870A1 (en) 2015-10-22

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