EP2924137A1 - Alliages d'aluminium pour la coulée sous pression - Google Patents

Alliages d'aluminium pour la coulée sous pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2924137A1
EP2924137A1 EP14168188.2A EP14168188A EP2924137A1 EP 2924137 A1 EP2924137 A1 EP 2924137A1 EP 14168188 A EP14168188 A EP 14168188A EP 2924137 A1 EP2924137 A1 EP 2924137A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
alloy
particles
aluminum
optionally
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14168188.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Diran Apelian
Makhlouf M. Makhlouf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG
Makhlouf M
Original Assignee
Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG
Makhlouf M
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Publication date
Application filed by Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG, Makhlouf M filed Critical Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG
Priority to US15/127,120 priority Critical patent/US20170101703A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2015/054180 priority patent/WO2015144387A1/fr
Publication of EP2924137A1 publication Critical patent/EP2924137A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aluminum alloys that are dispersion-strengthened, age-hardenable, and can be processed by die-casting into shaped objects that have useful mechanical properties at temperatures up to at least 350°C.
  • Automotive engines made with aluminum alloys have a high power-to-weight ratio, and therefore they have better fuel efficiency and less negative impact on the environment than cast iron engines.
  • 'supercharged' engines are being designed to operate at even higher temperatures than regular engines. Accordingly, cylinder heads and engine blocks in 'supercharged' engines are subjected to thermal cycling over a wider temperature range, and the alloy used in their construction has to withstand the resulting severe thermo-mechanical loading over long periods of time.
  • Conventional casting aluminum alloys are not capable of withstanding these temperatures because their precipitation hardening effects disappear at about 200°C.
  • the alloys represented in WO 2011/124590 have better mechanical properties at elevated temperatures than traditional aluminum casting alloys.
  • the volume fraction of the fine zirconium-vanadium tri-aluminide (Al 3 V 1-x Zr x ) particles in the prior art alloys do not exceed 1 % by volume; they have a limited strengthening effect.
  • an option of the prior art invention calls for adding up to 5 % by weight manganese to the alloy.
  • manganese, together with aluminum forms metastable manganese aluminide particles (Al 12 Mn) that further increase the strength of the alloy.
  • these additional precipitate particles add strength to the alloy at room temperature, their strengthening effect disappears with increased service time at elevated temperatures.
  • the present invention relates to a class of aluminum alloys that (i) are dispersion-strengthened, (ii) can be processed by die-casting to produce useful shaped objects, and (iii) can be age-hardened for improved room temperature mechanical properties that are retained at temperatures up to at least 350°C.
  • Alloys of the present invention have the general chemical composition: aluminum-nickel-manganese-tungsten/molybdenum-zirconium-vanadium, and their chemical composition is optimized such that their liquidus temperature is less than 725°C. Such low liquidus temperature allows the alloys of the present invention to be processed into useful objects by traditional high-pressure die-casting.
  • alloys of the present invention contain a eutectic structure that is stable at temperatures approaching 640°C, and it contains strengthening precipitate particles that are thermally stable at temperatures approaching 350°C.
  • the microstructure of the aluminum alloys of the present invention contains nickel trialuminide and aluminum as its eutectic structure, together with other transition metal tri-aluminide particles, namely Al 3 V 1-x Zr x .
  • transition metal trialuminide particles have the highly symmetric L1 2 crystal structure, which is analogous to the face centered cubic crystal structure of aluminum. It is this similarity in crystal structure between the aluminum matrix and these strengthening particles that allows for a coherent interface between the two phases; and by doing so, it maximizes the strengthening ability of the particles, impedes their coarsening, and enhances the thermal stability of the alloy.
  • alloys of the present invention A feature of the alloys of the present invention that distinguishes them from the prior art aluminum alloys that contain nickel, vanadium, and zirconium together with manganese, but without tungsten is that in the alloys of the present invention, the Al 3 V 1-x Zr x particles are not the only thermally stable strengthening precipitates in the alloy. Alloys of the present invention rely on a relatively large amount of Al 12 Mn 1-x W x precipitate particles for added strength at elevated temperature. Alloys of the present invention also rely on carefully designed tungsten containing manganese-aluminide (Al 12 Mn 1-x W x ) precipitate particles for strength at elevated temperature.
  • Al 12 Mn 1-x W x precipitate particles have the body centered cubic crystal structure, which is akin to the face centered cubic crystal structure of the ⁇ -aluminum matrix; and therefore they are semi-coherent with the ⁇ -aluminum matrix. Moreover, Al 12 Mn 1-x W x particles do not readily coarsen when exposed to elevated temperatures and therefore - as shown in figure 1 - unlike the aluminum alloys of the prior art, alloys of the present invention retain a significant fraction of their room temperature mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
  • alloys of the present invention contain tungsten and/ or molybdenum.
  • the Al 3 V 1-x Zr x particles are not the only thermally stable strengthening precipitates. Because of their small quantity in the alloy ( ⁇ 1 % by volume), by themself the Al 3 V 1-x Zr x particles can contribute only limited high temperature strength. Alloys of the present invention rely on a relatively large amount of Al 12 Mn 1-x W x precipitate particles for added strength at elevated temperature.
  • the precipitation sequence during thermal aging of binary Al-Mn alloys starts with formation of metastable Al 12 Mn particles. These particles are, to a large extent, responsible for the observed strength of thermally aged binary Al-Mn alloys. With extended time at an elevated temperature, these metastable Al 12 Mn particles coarsen and eventually they transform to the stable Al 6 Mn phase. The Al 6 Mn particles have the rhombohedral crystal structure, and therefore they have incoherent interfaces with the surrounding ⁇ -aluminum matrix. Transformation of the metastable, semi-coherent Al 12 Mn particles into stable, incoherent Al 6 Mn particles signals the loss of their strengthening effect.
  • the present invention capitalizes on the fact that the lattice of the metastable Al 12 Mn phase is similar to that of the Al 12 W phase (both are body centered cubic), and also on the fact that the lattice parameter of the Al 12 Mn phase (0.754 nm) is close to that of the Al 12 W phase (0.758 nm). For these two reasons, during precipitation from the super saturated solid solution, tungsten can dissolve into the Al 12 Mn phase to form Al 12 Mn 1-x W x co-precipitates. Similar to the Al 12 Mn particles, the Al 12 Mn 1-x W x particles have body centered cubic lattice structure and semi-coherent interfaces with the ⁇ -aluminum matrix.
  • thermodynamic calculations show that dissolution of tungsten into Al 12 Mn lowers the Gibbs free energy of the thus-formed Al 12 Mn 1-x W x particles relative to the Gibbs free energy of Al 12 Mn. This makes the Al 12 Mn 1-x W x particles more resistant to coarsening when exposed to elevated temperature, and therefore less prone to transforming into the incoherent Al 6 Mn phase, than the Al 12 Mn particles.
  • an aluminum die-casting alloy comprising the following:
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy comprises 4 to 6 % by weight nickel.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy further comprises 2 to 4% by weight manganese.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy comprises 0.2 to 0.8 % by weight tungsten.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy comprises 0.2 to 0.8 % by weight molybdenum.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy comprises 0.1 to 0.3 % by weight zirconium.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy comprises 0.3 to 0.4 % by weight vanadium.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy includes substantially uniformly dispersed particles of Al 3 V x Zr 1-x , where x is a fraction of unity that depends on the ratio of Zr : V in the alloy.
  • the particles having an equivalent diameter of less than about 50 nm, preferably less than about 30 nm, more preferably less than about 10 nm, particularly less than about 5 nm.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy includes particles of Al 3 Ni having an equivalent diameter of less than about 500 nm, preferably less than about 300 nm, particularly less than about 100 nm.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy includes substantially uniformly dispersed particles of Al 12 Mn 1-x W x , where x is a fraction of unity that depends on the ratio of W : Mn in the alloy, the particles having an equivalent diameter of less than about 500 nm, preferably less than about 300 nm, particularly less than 100 nm.
  • the Al 12 Mn 1-x W x particles have a body centered cubic crystal structure.
  • the Al 12 Mn 1-x W x particles are semi-coherent with the ⁇ -aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy includes substantially uniformly dispersed particles of Al 12 Mn 1-x Mo x , where x is a fraction of unity that depends on the ratio of Mo : Mn in the alloy, the particles having an equivalent diameter of less than about 500 nm, preferably less than about 300 nm, particularly less than 100 nm.
  • the Al 12 Mn 1-x Mo x particles have a body centered cubic crystal structure.
  • the Al 12 Mn 1-x Mo x particles are semi-coherent with the ⁇ -aluminum matrix.
  • the die casting alloy includes substantially uniformly dispersed particles of Al 12 Mn 1-x-y W x Mo y , where x and y are fractions of unity that depend on the ratio of W : Mo : Mn in the alloy, the particles having an equivalent diameter of less than about 500 nm, preferably less than about 300 nm, particularly less than 100 nm.
  • the Al 12 Mn 1-x-y W x Mo y particles have a body centered cubic crystal structure.
  • the Al 12 Mn 1-x-y W x Mo y particles are semi-coherent with the ⁇ -aluminum matrix.
  • a high pressure die-cast component is made is made of the alloy according to the invention.
  • the aluminum die-casting alloy is solidified in a metal water-cooled mold.
  • a cast component is made from an aluminum die-casting alloy according to the invention, wherein the alloy is age-hardened by holding the solidified cast component at a temperature of 350°C to 450°C for 2 to 12 hours.
  • the aluminum alloy comprises 5.5 to 6.0 % by weight nickel, 1.75 to 2.0 % by weight manganese, 0.1 to 0.3 % by weight of zirconium, 0.3 to 0.4 % by weight of vanadium and 0.3 to 0.4 % by weight tungsten.
  • the aluminum alloy comprises 5.75 to 6.00 % by weight nickel, 3.75 to 4.25 % by weight manganese, 0.3 to 0.4 % by weight of vanadium, 0.1 to 0.2 % by weight zirconium, 0.25 to 0.30 % by weight tungsten, 0.25 to 0.30 by weight molybdenum and Al as remainder.
  • the melt was poured into a water-cooled copper mold to produce disk-shaped castings that were then machined into ASTM standard sub-size tensile test specimens.
  • the tensile test specimens were aged in an electric box furnace at 450°C for 10 hours and then divided into four groups each group containing six identical specimens.
  • the elevated temperature yield strength of each group of specimens was measured by means of an Instron Universal Testing machine. Prior to performing the measurements, the tensile specimens were soaked in an electric box furnace at the following test temperatures for 100 hours; and during the test, each tensile specimen was soaked in the furnace of the Instron Universal Testing machine at the test temperature for an additional 30 minutes in order to allow the specimen to equilibrate at the test temperature.
  • Group No. Temperature (oC) 1 25 2 300 3 350 4 400
  • Figure 3 shows the change in the measured yield strength of the Al-6Ni-4Mn-0.8W-0.4V-0.1 Zr alloy of the present invention compared to that of 380-F and 356-T6 commercial aluminum-silicon alloys.
  • the alloy of the present invention outperforms both commercial alloys at all temperatures above 150°C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
EP14168188.2A 2014-03-26 2014-05-13 Alliages d'aluminium pour la coulée sous pression Withdrawn EP2924137A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/127,120 US20170101703A1 (en) 2014-03-26 2015-02-27 Aluminum Die-Casting Alloys
PCT/EP2015/054180 WO2015144387A1 (fr) 2014-03-26 2015-02-27 Alliages d'aluminium pour le moulage sous pression

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201461970586P 2014-03-26 2014-03-26

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2924137A1 true EP2924137A1 (fr) 2015-09-30

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EP14168188.2A Withdrawn EP2924137A1 (fr) 2014-03-26 2014-05-13 Alliages d'aluminium pour la coulée sous pression

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US (1) US20170101703A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2924137A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015144387A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105950922A (zh) * 2016-06-07 2016-09-21 太仓市纯杰金属制品有限公司 一种抗氧化镍铝合金
CN105970037A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-09-28 南南铝业股份有限公司 人行天桥用铝合金及其制备方法
CN106119637A (zh) * 2016-08-04 2016-11-16 苏州优浦精密铸造有限公司 一种汽车用高强度铝合金材料
CN107739857A (zh) * 2017-10-04 2018-02-27 长沙仲善新能源科技有限公司 耐腐蚀铝合金材料的制备工艺及耐腐蚀铝合金材
CN109778028A (zh) * 2019-01-21 2019-05-21 宁波市鄞州迪信机械制造有限公司 一种缝纫机铝合金盖板
WO2020028730A1 (fr) * 2018-08-02 2020-02-06 Tesla, Inc. Alliages d'aluminium pour coulée sous pression
WO2020165542A1 (fr) 2019-02-15 2020-08-20 C-Tec Constellium Technology Center Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en alliage d'aluminium
US11421304B2 (en) 2017-10-26 2022-08-23 Tesla, Inc. Casting aluminum alloys for high-performance applications

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7112275B2 (ja) * 2018-07-26 2022-08-03 三菱重工業株式会社 アルミニウム合金材料、アルミニウム合金材料の製造方法、キャスク用バスケット及びキャスク
US11408061B2 (en) * 2019-10-01 2022-08-09 Ford Global Technologies, Llc High temperature, creep-resistant aluminum alloy microalloyed with manganese, molybdenum and tungsten
CN117716057A (zh) * 2021-07-23 2024-03-15 特斯拉公司 用于可钎焊铸件的铝合金
CN115976356B (zh) * 2023-01-12 2024-07-12 高安市璐克斯机械有限公司 铸态高强度高韧性压铸铝硅合金及制备方法
CN116240432B (zh) * 2023-02-08 2024-05-28 上海交通大学 一种免热处理压铸铝合金、制备方法及应用
CN116287890B (zh) * 2023-03-29 2024-01-16 深圳市鑫申新材料科技有限公司 一种高强韧、高焊接性能、免热处理高压铸造铝合金及其性能、制备方法
CN118685670B (zh) * 2024-08-29 2024-12-17 山东海化集团有限公司 一种免热处理高强韧压铸铝合金材料及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63219543A (ja) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-13 Showa Alum Corp 発色用アルミニウム合金
JPH01132733A (ja) * 1987-11-17 1989-05-25 Kasei Naoetsu:Kk 防振アルミニウム合金
US20040261916A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-12-30 Lin Jen C. Dispersion hardenable Al-Ni-Mn casting alloys for automotive and aerospace structural components
WO2011124590A1 (fr) 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Rheinfelden Alloys Gmbh & Co. Kg Alliage d'aluminium pour la coulée sous pression

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63219543A (ja) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-13 Showa Alum Corp 発色用アルミニウム合金
JPH01132733A (ja) * 1987-11-17 1989-05-25 Kasei Naoetsu:Kk 防振アルミニウム合金
US20040261916A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-12-30 Lin Jen C. Dispersion hardenable Al-Ni-Mn casting alloys for automotive and aerospace structural components
WO2011124590A1 (fr) 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Rheinfelden Alloys Gmbh & Co. Kg Alliage d'aluminium pour la coulée sous pression
EP2653578A1 (fr) * 2010-04-07 2013-10-23 Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH & Co. KG Alliage d'aluminium pour la coulée sous pression

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KAUFMAN, J.G.; ROOY, E.L.: "Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processes, and Applications", AFS, 2004

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105950922A (zh) * 2016-06-07 2016-09-21 太仓市纯杰金属制品有限公司 一种抗氧化镍铝合金
CN105970037A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-09-28 南南铝业股份有限公司 人行天桥用铝合金及其制备方法
CN106119637A (zh) * 2016-08-04 2016-11-16 苏州优浦精密铸造有限公司 一种汽车用高强度铝合金材料
CN107739857A (zh) * 2017-10-04 2018-02-27 长沙仲善新能源科技有限公司 耐腐蚀铝合金材料的制备工艺及耐腐蚀铝合金材
US11421304B2 (en) 2017-10-26 2022-08-23 Tesla, Inc. Casting aluminum alloys for high-performance applications
WO2020028730A1 (fr) * 2018-08-02 2020-02-06 Tesla, Inc. Alliages d'aluminium pour coulée sous pression
CN112567059A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2021-03-26 特斯拉公司 用于压铸的铝合金
US12378642B2 (en) 2018-08-02 2025-08-05 Tesla, Inc. Aluminum alloys for die casting
CN109778028A (zh) * 2019-01-21 2019-05-21 宁波市鄞州迪信机械制造有限公司 一种缝纫机铝合金盖板
WO2020165542A1 (fr) 2019-02-15 2020-08-20 C-Tec Constellium Technology Center Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en alliage d'aluminium
FR3092777A1 (fr) 2019-02-15 2020-08-21 C-Tec Constellium Technology Center Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en alliage d'aluminium
EP3924124B1 (fr) * 2019-02-15 2023-11-15 C-Tec Constellium Technology Center Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en alliage d'aluminium
US12528125B2 (en) 2019-02-15 2026-01-20 C-Tec Constellium Technology Center Method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy part

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170101703A1 (en) 2017-04-13
WO2015144387A1 (fr) 2015-10-01

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