EP2933583A1 - Erwärmungsvorrichtung mit einer wärmepumpe - Google Patents

Erwärmungsvorrichtung mit einer wärmepumpe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2933583A1
EP2933583A1 EP13862867.2A EP13862867A EP2933583A1 EP 2933583 A1 EP2933583 A1 EP 2933583A1 EP 13862867 A EP13862867 A EP 13862867A EP 2933583 A1 EP2933583 A1 EP 2933583A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
pressure side
temperature
gas
side compressor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13862867.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2933583A4 (de
Inventor
Motoki TANIMURA
Syozo Tanaka
Kosuke Watanabe
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Sharp Corp
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Sharp Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2933583A1 publication Critical patent/EP2933583A1/de
Publication of EP2933583A4 publication Critical patent/EP2933583A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/21—Refrigerant outlet evaporator temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2101—Temperatures in a bypass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a heat pump-type heating device, and more particularly relates to a two-stage compression heat pump-type heating device provided with two compressors on a heat pump cycle.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-210709 discloses a heat pump air conditioner suitable for cold areas so as to achieve a heating operation even when the outdoor air temperature is for example as low as -20 °C.
  • a scroll compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor air-heat exchanger, a receiver, an outdoor refrigerant control valve and an outdoor air-heat exchanger are sequentially connected to one another via a pipe.
  • a bypass flow path equipped with a refrigerant injection control valve is provided between the scroll compressor and the receiver for injecting liquid refrigerant into the scroll compressor.
  • the refrigerant injection control valve is controlled in accordance with a difference between a temperature at the discharge side of the compressor and a target discharge temperature thereof.
  • the outdoor refrigerant control valve is controlled so that the difference between temperatures obtained by temperature sensors that are respectively provided before and after the outdoor air-heat exchanger is equal to the degree of superheat of the refrigerant at the refrigerant outlet of the outdoor air-heat exchanger.
  • Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 11-132575 discloses an air conditioner designed to prevent a liquid refrigerant from being mixed into a gas refrigerant flowing from a gas-liquid separator, which is interposed in a liquid refrigerant pipe, back to the compressor through a gas injection bypass pipe, and thereby prevent the reliability of the compressor from being deteriorated.
  • an outdoor heat exchanger and an indoor heat exchanger are sequentially connected to the compressor, thereby forming a refrigerant circulation circuit.
  • the gas-liquid separator is interposed in the liquid refrigerant pipe between the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger.
  • the gas injection bypass pipe for flowing the gas refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator back to the compressor and an on-off valve for opening or closing the flow path through the bypass pipe are provided between the gas-liquid separator and the suction side of the compressor.
  • the on-off valve is closed as a difference between the discharge temperature of the compressor and the condensing temperature of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation path becomes smaller than a reference temperature difference.
  • the reference temperature difference is set larger as the operation frequency of the compressor becomes higher.
  • Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2007-263440 discloses an air conditioner designed to appropriately adjust an injection amount of the refrigerant into the compressor in the compression process during the heating operation so as to render the air conditioner to operate at a high operating efficiency under a low load and operate at an improved heating ability under a high load.
  • the air conditioner disclosed in PTD 3 is provided with an injection pipe configured to inject a part of the refrigerant that flows out from an indoor heat exchanger to the compressor in the compression process via an injection decompressor, a rotational speed control means configured to control the rotational speed of compressor in response to the magnitude of load, and an injection control means configured to control the injection decompressor such that the degree of superheat or the discharge temperature of gas discharged at the outlet of the compressor becomes equal to a target value.
  • the target value is set smaller as the rotational speed of the compressor controlled by the rotational speed control means becomes higher, and is set larger as the rotational speed of the compressor becomes lower.
  • a heat pump-type heating device such as an air conditioner or a water heater
  • a two-stage compression heat pump-type heating device provided with two compressors, i.e., a low-pressure side compressor and a high-pressure side compressor, on a heat pump cycle.
  • the suction temperature and the discharge temperature of the refrigerant in the high-pressure side compressor may rise to exceed the operating range of the compressor, disadvantageously.
  • an injection pipe is provided to connect a pipeline between the low-pressure side compressor and the high-pressure side compressor and a pipeline between the indoor heat exchanger (condenser) and the outdoor heat exchanger (evaporator) so that a part of the refrigerant flowing in the pipeline between the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger is injected into the pipeline between the low-pressure side compressor and the high-pressure side compressor through the intermediary of the injection pipe.
  • the suction temperature of the refrigerant in the high-pressure side compressor is lowered, thereby achieving an operation with maintained reliability.
  • the present invention has been accomplished in view of the aforementioned problems, and it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heat pump-type heating device having a simple structure and having sufficiently improved heating ability.
  • the heat pump-type heating device is provided with a first heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange between a refrigerant and a heat-receiving fluid, a second heat exchanger configured to perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and outdoor air, a low-pressure side compressor configured to compress the refrigerant delivered from the second heat exchanger, a high-pressure side compressor configured to compress the refrigerant delivered from the low-pressure side compressor and deliver the compressed refrigerant to the first heat exchanger, a first decompressor configured to decompress the refrigerant delivered from the first heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator configured to separate the refrigerant delivered from the first decompressor into a gas phase and a liquid phase, a second decompressor connected to the liquid-phase side of the gas-liquid separator and configured to decompress the refrigerant delivered from the gas-liquid separator and deliver the decompressed refrigerant to the second heat exchanger, an injection pipeline connected to the gas-phase side of the gas
  • the refrigerant flowing in the injection pipeline is merged with the gas-phase refrigerant which is discharged from the low-pressure side compressor and has a high temperature and a high pressure so as to render the refrigerant that flows into the high-pressure side compressor into a superheated gas state or a saturated vapor state. Accordingly, it is possible to sufficiently improve the heating ability of the high-pressure side compressor.
  • the second decompressor is used to decompress the refrigerant delivered from the gas-liquid separator so as to render the refrigerant flowing into the high-pressure side compressor into a superheated gas state or a saturated vapor state, it is possible to simplify the structure of the heat pump-type heating device.
  • the heat pump-type heating device is further provided with a first temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the first decompressor and the gas-liquid separator and configured to detect a temperature T1 of the refrigerant, and a second temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the low-pressure side compressor and the high-pressure side compressor and configured to detect a temperature T2 of the refrigerant after having been merged with the refrigerant flowing in the injection pipeline.
  • the control unit controls the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor based on a comparison between temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by the first temperature detector and temperature T2 of the refrigerant detected by the second temperature detector.
  • control unit decreases the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor when a state where temperature T2 of the refrigerant detected by the second temperature detector is equal to temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by the first temperature detector has lasted for a predetermined time.
  • the heat pump-type heating device is further provided with a first temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the first decompressor and the gas-liquid separator and configured to detect a temperature T1 of the refrigerant, and a third temperature detector and a pressure detector both provided on the pipeline between the high-pressure side compressor and the first heat exchanger and configured to detect a temperature T3 and a pressure P of the refrigerant, respectively.
  • a first temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the first decompressor and the gas-liquid separator and configured to detect a temperature T1 of the refrigerant
  • a third temperature detector and a pressure detector both provided on the pipeline between the high-pressure side compressor and the first heat exchanger and configured to detect a temperature T3 and a pressure P of the refrigerant, respectively.
  • the control unit determines on a p-h (pressure-specific enthalpy) diagram a specific enthalpy H' as an intersection point between an intermediate pressure line defined according to temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by the first temperature detector and an isentropic line passing through a point defined according to temperature T3 of the refrigerant detected by the third temperature detector and pressure P of the refrigerant detected by the pressure detector, and controls the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor based on a comparison between specific enthalpy H' and a specific enthalpy H of a saturated vapor in the intermediate pressure line.
  • temperature T1 detected by the first temperature detector is considered as a temperature at which the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state to control the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor.
  • the heat pump-type heating device is further provided with a first temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the first decompressor and the gas-liquid separator and configured to detect a temperature T1 of the refrigerant, a second temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the low-pressure side compressor and the high-pressure side compressor and configured to detect a temperature T2 of the refrigerant after having been merged with the refrigerant flowing in the injection pipeline, and a fourth temperature detector provided on the injection pipeline and configured to detect a temperature T4 of the refrigerant.
  • a first temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the first decompressor and the gas-liquid separator and configured to detect a temperature T1 of the refrigerant
  • a second temperature detector provided on the pipeline between the low-pressure side compressor and the high-pressure side compressor and configured to detect a temperature T2 of the refrigerant after having been merged with the refrigerant flowing in the injection pipeline
  • a fourth temperature detector provided on the injection pipeline and configured to detect a temperature T4 of the refriger
  • the control unit controls the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor based on a comparison between temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by the first temperature detector and temperature T2 of the refrigerant detected by the second temperature detector, and when the relationship of T1 ⁇ T4 is satisfied, the control unit controls the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor based on a comparison between temperature T4 of the refrigerant detected by the fourth temperature detector and temperature T2 of the refrigerant detected by the second temperature detector.
  • temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by the first temperature detector is considered as the temperature at which the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state to control the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor
  • temperature T4 of the refrigerant detected by the fourth temperature detector is considered as the temperature at which the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state to control the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in the second decompressor.
  • the heat pump-type heating device is further provided with a buffer unit being provided on the pipeline which is between the low-pressure side compressor and the high-pressure side compressor and in which the refrigerant after having been merged with the refrigerant flowing in the injection pipeline flows and being configured to store liquid refrigerant.
  • a buffer unit being provided on the pipeline which is between the low-pressure side compressor and the high-pressure side compressor and in which the refrigerant after having been merged with the refrigerant flowing in the injection pipeline flows and being configured to store liquid refrigerant.
  • the heat pump-type heating device thus configured, it is possible to render the refrigerant that flows into the high-pressure side compressor into a superheated gas state or a saturated vapor state more certainly.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a heat pump-type heating device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat pump-type heating device of the present embodiment is typically applied to a heat pump-type water heater or a heat pump-type heating system.
  • the heat pump-type heating device includes a refrigeration circuit 20 and an injection circuit 50 as a circuit configuration.
  • a refrigerant such as R410A is enclosed in refrigeration circuit 20 and injection circuit 50.
  • Refrigeration circuit 20 extends annularly to form a heat pump cycle.
  • an indoor heat exchanger (condenser) 26 and an outdoor heat exchanger (evaporator) 27 are provided on the path of refrigeration circuit 20, an indoor heat exchanger (condenser) 26 and an outdoor heat exchanger (evaporator) 27 are provided.
  • Indoor heat exchanger 26 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant circulating in the heat pump cycle and a heat-receiving fluid (water or air).
  • Outdoor heat exchanger 27 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant circulating in the heat pump cycle and the outside air (outdoor air).
  • first decompressor 36 On the path of refrigeration circuit 20, a first decompressor 36, a gas-liquid separator 38 and a second decompressor 37 are further provided.
  • First decompressor 36, gas-liquid separator 38, and second decompressor 37 are provided between indoor heat exchanger 26 and outdoor heat exchanger 27.
  • First decompressor 36, gas-liquid separator 38 and second decompressor 37 are arranged in series in the flow direction of the refrigerant in refrigeration circuit 20.
  • first decompressor 36, gas-liquid separator 38 and second decompressor 37 On the path of refrigeration circuit 20 from indoor heat exchanger 26 to outdoor heat exchanger 27, first decompressor 36, gas-liquid separator 38 and second decompressor 37 are arranged in the same order as described.
  • First decompressor 36 decompresses the refrigerant delivered from indoor heat exchanger 26.
  • First decompressor 36 is provided as a decompression device configured to control the supercooling of the refrigerant in indoor heat exchanger 26.
  • Gas-liquid separator 38 separates the refrigerant delivered from first decompressor 36 into the gas-phase refrigerant and the liquid-phase refrigerant (liquid refrigerant).
  • Gas-liquid separator 38 has a gas-phase refrigerant space 38a for storing the gas-phase refrigerant and a liquid-phase refrigerant space 38b for storing the liquid-phase refrigerant.
  • Second decompressor 37 is connected to liquid-phase refrigerant space 38b of gas-liquid separator 38 via a pipe.
  • Second decompressor 37 decompresses the liquid refrigerant delivered from gas-liquid separator 38.
  • Second decompressor 37 is provided as a decompression device configured to control the degree of superheat of the refrigerant in outdoor heat exchanger 27 and an amount of injection refrigerant provided by injection circuit 50 which will be described later.
  • expansion valves are used as first decompressor 36 and second decompressor 37.
  • a low-pressure side compressor 31 and a high-pressure side compressor 32 are further provided.
  • Low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32 are provided between outdoor heat exchanger 27 and indoor heat exchanger 26.
  • Low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32 are arranged in series in the flow direction of the refrigerant in refrigeration circuit 20.
  • Low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32 are arranged in the same order as described.
  • Low-pressure side compressor 31 compresses the refrigerant, which is delivered from outdoor heat exchanger 27 and has a low pressure, to an intermediate pressure.
  • High-pressure side compressor 32 further compresses the refrigerant which is delivered from low-pressure side compressor 31 and has an intermediate pressure to a high pressure.
  • low-pressure side compressor 31 is a displacement-variable compressor capable of controlling the discharge displacement of the refrigerant (for example, a compressor driven by a inverter capable of changing the rotational speed), and high-pressure side compressor 32 is a constant speed compressor.
  • at least one of low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32 may be a displacement-variable compressor, or may be a combination of a low-pressure side compressor running at constant speed and a high-pressure side compressor having a variable displacement, or may be a combination of a low-pressure side compressor having a variable displacement and a high-pressure side compressor having a variable displacement. Note that in the case where the low-pressure side compressor is a displacement-variable compressor, it provides a wider operable range under a high load.
  • Injection circuit 50 is composed of an injection pipeline 51 where the refrigerant flows.
  • Injection pipeline 51 is provided to guide a part of the gas refrigerant separated into gas-phase refrigerant space 38a of gas-liquid separator 38 to refrigeration circuit 20 between low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • injection pipeline 51 is provided with one end thereof connected to gas-phase refrigerant space 38a of gas-liquid separator 38 and the other end thereof connected to refrigeration circuit 20 between low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • Injection pipeline 51 has a refrigerant inlet connected to gas-phase refrigerant space 38a of gas-liquid separator 38, and has a refrigerant outlet connected to refrigeration circuit 20 between low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • no on-off valve configured to allow or block the flowing of the refrigerant or no flow-regulating valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant is provided on injection pipeline 51.
  • a buffer unit 41 and a buffer unit 42 are further provided on the path of refrigeration circuit 20.
  • Each of buffer unit 41 and buffer unit 42 is constituted by an accumulator capable of accumulating therein liquid refrigerant.
  • Buffer 41 is provided on the path of refrigeration circuit 20 between outdoor heat exchanger 27 and low-pressure side compressor 31.
  • Buffer unit 42 is provided on the path of refrigeration circuit 20 between low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • buffer unit 42 is provided between connection portion 53 and high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • Buffer unit 41 and buffer unit 42 are provided to prevent the reliability of the compressors from being deteriorated due to the introduction of liquid refrigerant into low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • Fig. 2 is a Mollier diagram illustrating a refrigeration cycle by the heat pump-type heating device illustrated in Fig. 1 .
  • the Mollier diagram is also referred to as a P-h diagram with the vertical axis representing the pressure [MPa] and the horizontal axis representing the specific enthalpy [kJ/kg].
  • the Mollier diagram depicts refrigerant-specific properties such as pressure, specific enthalpy, temperature, phase state, enthalpy and specific volume of the refrigerant used in the refrigeration cycle.
  • the refrigerant states denoted by A to H in Fig. 2 correspond to the refrigerant states denoted by A to H in Fig. 1 , respectively.
  • the gas refrigerant (state A) discharged from high-pressure side compressor 32 flows into indoor heat exchanger (condenser) 26 and is condensed into a high-temperature liquid refrigerant (state B). After the high-temperature liquid refrigerant passes through first decompressor 36, the pressure and the temperature of the liquid refrigerant are decreased (state C). If a device such as an internal heat exchanger is not provided, the refrigerant is generally in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
  • the refrigerant flows into gas-liquid separator 38 and is separated into the gas phase and the liquid phase.
  • state D passes through second decompressor 37, the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant are further decreased (state E).
  • the refrigerant absorbs heat from the outside air to evaporate (state F).
  • state F flows into low-pressure side compressor 31 and is compressed to have an intermediate pressure (state G).
  • the gas-phase refrigerant (injection refrigerant) separated into gas-phase refrigerant space 38a of gas-liquid separator 38 passes through injection pipeline 51, and is then merged with the refrigerant discharged from low-pressure side compressor 31. Since the temperature of the injection refrigerant is lower than the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from low-pressure side compressor 31, the temperature of the refrigerant after having been merged with the injection refrigerant is decreased (state H).
  • the heat pump-type heating device further includes a control unit 46, a temperature detector 61 serving as a first temperature detector, and a temperature detector 62 serving as a second temperature detector.
  • Temperature detector 61 is provided between first decompressor 36 and gas-liquid separator 38, and specifically, temperature detector 61 is provided at a discharge position of first decompressor 36. Temperature detector 61 detects a temperature T1 of the refrigerant which is discharged from first decompressor 36 and flows into gas-liquid separator 38. Temperature detector 62 is provided between low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32, and specifically, temperature detector 62 is provided at a position between connection portion 53 and high-pressure side compressor 32, and more specifically, temperature detector 62 is provided at a position between connection portion 53 and buffer unit 42.
  • Temperature detector 62 detects a temperature T2 of the refrigerant which is discharged from low-pressure side compressor 31 and merged with the refrigerant flowing in injection pipeline 51. Temperature detector 62 detects temperature T2 of the refrigerant at a suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • Control unit 46 controls the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in second decompressor 37 based on a comparison between temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by temperature detector 61 and temperature T2 of the refrigerant detected by temperature detector 62. Specifically, control unit 46 controls the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in second decompressor 37 based on a difference between temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by temperature detector 61 and temperature T2 of the refrigerant detected by temperature detector 62.
  • the heat-pump-type heating device based on temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by temperature detector 61 and temperature T2 of the refrigerant detected by temperature detector 62, controls the opening degree of second decompressor 37 so as to render the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 into a state between the superheated gas state containing the gas phase only and the saturated vapor state.
  • the refrigerant to be sucked into high-pressure side compressor 32 can be maintained at a desired state regardless of the magnitude of the heating load or the rotational speed of the compressor so as to improve the heating ability of the heat pump-type heating device or to maintain high the COP (Coefficient Of Performance).
  • second decompressor 37 provided at the upstream side of outdoor heat exchanger 27 in the flow direction of the refrigerant during the heating operation is used instead of providing, on injection pipeline 51, a device configured to control the state of the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain an effect comparable to that in the case where a decompressor is provided on the injection pipeline to directly control the flow rate of the injection refrigerant. In addition, since no on-off valve or decompressor needs to be disposed on the injection pipeline, the device can be constructed at low cost.
  • the rotational speed of a compressor is a manipulated variable which can be used to adjust the heating ability most directly
  • the rotational speed of low-pressure side compressor 31 having a variable displacement is controlled in accordance with a load.
  • the rotational speed of low-pressure side compressor 31 is increased or decreased in accordance with a deviation between a target heating temperature set by a user or a target heating temperature set in advance in the device and a measured heating temperature.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a flowchart of control over the state of the refrigerant at the suction position of the high-pressure side compressor in the heat pump-type heating device illustrated in Fig. 1 .
  • the control flow illustrated in the figure is performed by control unit 46.
  • the following controls are performed: the control over the rotational speed of low-pressure side compressor 31; the control over the supercooling at the outlet of indoor heat exchanger 26 through the adjustment of the opening degree of first decompressor 36; and the control over the degree of superheating at the outlet of outdoor heat exchanger 27 through the adjustment of the opening degree of second decompressor 37.
  • the enclosed refrigerant is configured in such a manner that the injection refrigerant is brought into the gas phase state when the series of controls are completed.
  • temperature T1 of the refrigerant between first decompressor 36 and gas-liquid separator 38 is detected by temperature detector 61
  • temperature T2 of the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 is detected by temperature detector 62
  • the detected temperatures T1 and T2 are stored in control unit 46 (S101).
  • a target refrigerant temperature T2 SP at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 is determined (S102).
  • the refrigerant in refrigeration circuit 20 between first decompressor 36 and gas-liquid separator 38 where temperature detector 61 is provided is in the gas-liquid two-phase state. Since no decompressor is present between the position where temperature detector 61 is provided and the position where temperature detector 62 is provided, the refrigerant pressures at both positions are identical to each other. In addition, when the refrigerant is in an intermediate state between the saturated vapor state and the gas-liquid two-phase state, the degree of dryness of the refrigerant will change in accordance with the ratio between the gas-phase refrigerant and the liquid-phase refrigerant, but the temperature of the refrigerant remains constant. Thus, in the case of rendering the refrigerant at the suction position of the high-pressure side compressor 32 into the saturated vapor state, target refrigerant temperature T2 SP may be set equal to T1.
  • ⁇ is set to 5 °C.
  • ⁇ is set greater than 0 °C and equal to or less than 10 °C, and more preferably, ⁇ is set greater than 0 °C and equal to or less than 5 °C.
  • temperature T2 is compared with target refrigerant temperature T2 SP (S103).
  • T2>T2 SP T2-T1> ⁇
  • the opening degree of second decompressor 37 is decreased (i.e., increase the compression ratio of the refrigerant in second decompressor 37) (S104).
  • the amount of the liquid refrigerant in gas-liquid separator 38 is increased, and consequently the liquid refrigerant overflows from gas-liquid separator 38 into injection pipeline 51.
  • the refrigerant in injection pipeline 51 changes from the gas phase state into the gas-liquid two-phase state, and thus, the flow density of the refrigerant flowing from injection pipeline 51 into the pipeline between low-pressure side compressor 31 and high-pressure side compressor 32 increases.
  • T2 ⁇ T2 SP T2-T1 ⁇
  • the opening degree of second decompressor 37 is increased (i.e., decrease the decompression ratio of the refrigerant in second decompressor 37) (S105).
  • the heat pump-type heating device remains idle for t seconds after the operation of second decompressor 37 (S106). Thereafter, the step of detecting temperature T1 and temperature T2 (S101), the step of S102 and the subsequent steps are repeated so as to maintain the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 to the desired state.
  • T2 SP target refrigerant temperature
  • decreasing the opening degree of second decompressor 37 will increase the ratio of the liquid refrigerant in injection pipeline 51.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant will not change even if the refrigerant is rendered from the saturated vapor state into the gas-liquid two-phase state, the temperature of the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 will not change despite the introduction of the liquid refrigerant from injection pipeline 51.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a modification of the heat pump-type heating device in Fig. 1 .
  • an internal heat exchanger 43 is further provided on the path of refrigeration circuit 20, on the path of refrigeration circuit 20, an internal heat exchanger 43 is further provided.
  • Internal heat exchanger 43 is provided between indoor heat exchanger 26 and first decompressor 36.
  • Injection pipeline 51 is provided so as to pass through internal heat exchanger 43.
  • Internal heat exchanger 43 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing out from indoor heat exchanger 26 and the refrigerant flowing in injection pipeline 51.
  • the liquid-phase refrigerant when the refrigerant in liquid phase flows into injection pipeline 51, the liquid-phase refrigerant is heated by internal heat exchanger 43 to vaporize, and as a result, the flow rate of the injection refrigerant is increased, making it possible to improve the heating ability.
  • the supply of the injection refrigerant can increase the heating ability by increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant at the heating side and increase the limit of the operating pressure ratio of high-pressure side compressor 32 by decreasing the discharge temperature of high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • the injection refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state is more effective than the injection refrigerant in the gas phase state.
  • the COP may be deteriorated and the reliability of the compressor may be decreased due to liquid compression.
  • the liquid phase in the injection refrigerant is phase-changed into a saturated vapor state by the high-temperature gas refrigerant discharged from low-pressure side compressor 31 and the refrigerant sucked into high-pressure side compressor 32 is at the saturated vapor state.
  • the opening degree of second decompressor 37 is adjusted on the basis of temperature T1 of the refrigerant between first decompressor 36 and gas-liquid separator 38 and temperature T2 of the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 to keep the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 at the saturated vapor state to a superheated gas state close to the saturated vapor state so as to maintain the cycle involving the increased refrigerant flow rate at the heating side.
  • the condensation temperature, the evaporating temperature, and the rotational speed of the compressor are in the same conditions, it can be said that the major factor that determines the ability of the cycle is the suction pressure of high-pressure side compressor 32 (state H in Fig.
  • the pressure of the sucked refrigerant becomes higher, and the density thereof becomes greater, and thereby, the flow rate of the refrigerant in indoor heat exchanger 26 is increased.
  • increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant at the heating side can achieve the heating ability as good as or better than the conventional heating ability.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 should be set to the saturated vapor temperature relative to the pressure at the same position.
  • it is required to set the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 to the saturated vapor temperature and according to the present embodiment, it is easy to set the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 to the saturated vapor temperature by using temperature T1 of the refrigerant between first decompressor 36 and gas-liquid separator 38.
  • the liquid-phase refrigerant is supplied just before the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32, it is possible to approach the starting point of the compression process by high-pressure side compressor 32 to the saturated vapor state. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the refrigerant discharged from low-pressure side compressor 31 is merged with the injection refrigerant to reliably decrease the refrigerant temperature, and thereby, the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from high-pressure side compressor 32 is kept low. Accordingly, the limit of the operating pressure ratio in the compressor can be increased.
  • the control method in the present embodiment includes the control over the rotational speed of the compressor in accordance with the heating load, the control over the injection in accordance with the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from low-pressure side compressor 31, and the control means configured to control the decompressor subsequent to indoor heat exchanger 26 in the flow direction of the refrigerant.
  • the cycle can be controlled by using the two decompressors. Accordingly, the number of the decompressors and control means, which are control factors, can be suppressed to the minimum, and consequently, the controllability can be improved.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating the variation of heating ability and the variation of COP in accordance with the ratio of an injection amount of the refrigerant relative to the amount of the refrigerant in a gas-liquid separator before being branched.
  • the horizontal axis represents the ratio of the injection amount whereas the vertical axis represents experimental values of the heating ability and the COP.
  • the above-described heat pump type heating device includes: indoor heat exchanger 26 serving as a first heat exchanger performing heat exchange between refrigerant and heat-receiving fluid; outdoor heat exchanger 27 serving as a second heat exchanger performing heat exchange between the refrigerant and outdoor air; low-pressure side compressor 31 compressing the refrigerant delivered from outdoor heat exchanger 27; high-pressure side compressor 32 compressing the refrigerant delivered from low-pressure side compressor 31; first decompressor 36 decompressing the refrigerant delivered from indoor heat exchanger 26; gas-liquid separator 38 separating the refrigerant delivered from first decompressor 36 into a gas phase and a liquid phase; second decompressor 37 connected to a liquid phase side of gas-liquid separator 38 and decompressing the refrigerant delivered from gas-liquid separator 38; injection pipeline 51 connected to a gas phase side of gas-liquid separator 38 and guiding the refrigerant delivered from gas-liquid separator 38 to a pipeline between
  • the heat pump-type heating device thus configured in the first embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to make the heat pump-type heating device excellent in controllability while having the heating ability improved sufficiently.
  • buffer unit 42 is provided at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • second decompressor 37 may be controlled by control unit 46 such that the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 is brought into the state just after it is transferred from the gas phase state to the gas-liquid two-phase state.
  • the liquid refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 contains some liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant is captured by buffer unit 42, and thereby the refrigerant to be sucked into high-pressure side compressor 32 is kept at the saturated vapor state or the superheated gas state.
  • buffer unit 42 may not be provided at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a heat pump-type heating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat pump-type heating device in the present embodiment has basically the same structures as those in the heat pump-type heating device in the first embodiment. In the description below, the same structures as those in the heat pump-type heating device in the first embodiment will not be described repeatedly.
  • the heat pump-type heating device in addition to temperature detector 61, further includes a temperature detector 66 serving as a third temperature detector and a pressure detector 67.
  • Temperature detector 66 is provided between high-pressure side compressor 32 and indoor heat exchanger 26, and specifically, temperature detector 66 is provided at a discharge position of high-pressure side compressor 32. Temperature detector 66 detects a temperature T3 of the refrigerant that is discharged from high-pressure side compressor 32 and then flows into indoor heat exchanger 26. Pressure detector 67 is provided between high-pressure side compressor 32 and indoor heat exchanger 26, and specifically, pressure detector 67 is provided at a discharge position of high-pressure side compressor 32. Pressure detector 67 detects a pressure P of the refrigerant that is discharged from high-pressure side compressor 32 and then flows into indoor heat exchanger 26.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of controlling the state of the refrigerant at a suction position of a high-pressure side compressor in the heat pump-type heating device of Fig. 6 .
  • Fig. 8 is a Mollier diagram for explaining a control to be executed in the heat-pump-type heating device of Fig. 6 .
  • temperature T1 of the refrigerant between first decompressor 36 and gas-liquid separator 38 is detected by temperature detector 61
  • temperature T3 and pressure P of the refrigerant at the discharge side of high-pressure side compressor 32 are detected by temperature detector 66 and pressure detector 67, respectively.
  • the detected temperature T1, temperature T3 and pressure P are stored in control unit 46 (S201).
  • temperature T1 of the refrigerant between first decompressor 36 and gas-liquid separator 38 is considered as the temperature at which the refrigerant is in the gas-liquid two-phase state, and based on temperature T1, an intermediate pressure line 301 (D ⁇ C ⁇ H ⁇ G) is defined on the p-h diagram by using the physical properties of the refrigerant. Moreover, an isentropic line X' passing through a point A' defined according to temperature T3 and pressure P is defined on the p-h diagram.
  • An intersection point between intermediate pressure line 301 and isentropic line X' represents a specific enthalpy H' at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 in the current cycle
  • an intersection point between intermediate pressure line 301 and saturated vapor curve 302 of the refrigerant represents a specific enthalpy H of the refrigerant in the saturated vapor state (S202).
  • control unit 46 compares H' and H+ ⁇ ( ⁇ is any predetermined value) (S203). When the relationship of H+ ⁇ H' is satisfied, it is considered that the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 has been shifted to the side of the superheating state further than the target state, the opening degree of second decompressor 37 is decreased (S205). When the relationship of H+ ⁇ >H' is satisfied, control unit 46 compares H and H' (S204). When the relationship of H-H' ⁇ 0 (H ⁇ H'), it is considered that the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 has been shifted to the side of the saturated vapor state further than the target state, the opening degree of second decompressor 37 is increased (S206).
  • the heat pump-type heating device When the relationship of H-H' ⁇ 0 (H ⁇ H') is satisfied, the heat pump-type heating device remains idle for t seconds after the operation of second decompressor 37 (S207). In other words, after the step of S205 or S206, the heat pump-type heating device remains idle for t seconds after operation of second decompressor 37 (S207). Thereafter, the step of detecting temperatures T1, T3 and pressure P1 (S201), the step of S202 and the subsequent steps are repeated so as to maintain the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 to the desired state.
  • the opening degree of second decompressor 37 is controlled on the basis of temperature T1 of the refrigerant detected by temperature detector 61, temperature T3 detected by temperature detector 63 and pressure P detected by the pressure detector so as to maintain the refrigerant at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 in an intermediate state between the superheated gas state and the saturated vapor state.
  • the refrigerant is supplied just after it is transferred from the gas phase state to the gas-liquid two-phase state so as to increase the injection flow rate in the circuit configuration where buffer unit 42 is provided at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32 , which is the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • the ratio of the liquid-phase refrigerant relative to the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state can be determined according to the specific enthalpy, it is possible to supply the injection refrigerant having a larger percentage of liquid phase in accordance with the capacity of buffer unit 42.
  • Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram illustrating a heat pump-type heating device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat pump-type heating device in the present embodiment has basically the same structures as those in the heat pump-type heating device in the first embodiment. In the description below, the same structures as those in the heat pump-type heating device in the first embodiment will not be described repeatedly.
  • the heat pump-type heating device in addition to temperature detector 61 and temperature detector 62, further includes a temperature detector 71 as a fourth temperature detector.
  • Temperature detector 71 is provided on injection pipeline 51. Temperature detector 71 detects a temperature T4 of the refrigerant flowing in injection pipeline 51.
  • the method of controlling the opening degree of second decompressor 37 is basically identical to that shown in the flowchart in Fig. 3 .
  • the pipeline may be cooled when the outside air temperature is low, as the refrigerant discharged from first decompressor 36 performs heat exchange with the injection refrigerant in the cycle including an internal heat exchanger (see Fig. 4 ), it may be transferred into a supercooled state and thereby becomes the liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant temperature detected by temperature detector 61 cannot be considered as the refrigerant temperature at the suction position of high-pressure side compressor 32.
  • thermosensor 71 to detect the temperature of the refrigerant flowing in injection pipeline 51 and comparing temperature T4 of the refrigerant flowing in injection pipeline 51 and temperature T1 of the refrigerant at the discharge side of first decompressor 36, it is possible to determine the temperature of the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state.
  • T4 T1
  • T1 T1
  • T4 T1
  • T1 ⁇ T4 due to the influence of the outside air temperature and the internal heat exchanger, the refrigerant after first decompressor 36 is likely to be overcooled into the liquid refrigerant, T4 is used in step S102 of in Fig. 3 .
  • the present invention for example, is applied to a heat pump-type hot water supplier or a heat pump-type heating system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
EP13862867.2A 2012-12-14 2013-11-25 Erwärmungsvorrichtung mit einer wärmepumpe Withdrawn EP2933583A4 (de)

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JP2012273479A JP2014119157A (ja) 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 ヒートポンプ式加熱装置
PCT/JP2013/081612 WO2014091909A1 (ja) 2012-12-14 2013-11-25 ヒートポンプ式加熱装置

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WO2017175014A1 (en) * 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 ELIE KFOURY ASWAD, Emilie Refrigeration system control and protection device
EP3306238A1 (de) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Steuerungsvorrichtung, kühlmittelkreislaufsystem und steuerungsverfahren
EP3961123A1 (de) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-02 Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe B.V. Dampfkompressionswärmepumpensystem und verfahren zum betreiben eines dampfkompressionswärmepumpensystems
US11959669B2 (en) 2021-05-06 2024-04-16 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Bimodal cooling system
US12108571B2 (en) 2021-05-06 2024-10-01 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Electronics cabinet cooling system

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WO2017175014A1 (en) * 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 ELIE KFOURY ASWAD, Emilie Refrigeration system control and protection device
US10876778B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2020-12-29 Emilie Elie Kfourt Aswad Refrigeration system control and protection device
CN106352585A (zh) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-25 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 空调系统及其控制方法
CN106352585B (zh) * 2016-09-29 2019-01-08 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 空调系统及其控制方法
EP3306238A1 (de) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-11 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems, Ltd. Steuerungsvorrichtung, kühlmittelkreislaufsystem und steuerungsverfahren
EP3961123A1 (de) * 2020-08-31 2022-03-02 Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe B.V. Dampfkompressionswärmepumpensystem und verfahren zum betreiben eines dampfkompressionswärmepumpensystems
US11959669B2 (en) 2021-05-06 2024-04-16 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Bimodal cooling system
US12108571B2 (en) 2021-05-06 2024-10-01 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Electronics cabinet cooling system

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