Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/63—Control systems
  • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
  • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
  • H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
  • H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/63—Control systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
  • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
  • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
  • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
  • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to the management of energy in an electrical distribution network and, more particularly, the management of high temperature electrochemical batteries for storing electricity.
• the so-called high temperature batteries are electrochemical batteries used in power distribution networks.
• This type of battery is also known as "Sodium Beta” batteries, which include sodium / nickel chloride batteries (Zebra batteries) as well as sodium / sulfur batteries. All these batteries are batteries of high capacity (several tens of kilowatt hours) and are generally located on the distribution grid, that is to say between the high voltage or medium voltage transformer stations to the low voltage, and subscribers.
• Energy storage means such as batteries are generally desirable in power grids to absorb peaks in consumption or production. Indeed, in the absence of such storage elements, it is necessary to size the production and distribution so that it is able to meet demand and production, including in periods of high consumption / production peaks are usually only a few hours for a few days per year.
• High temperature batteries are practical storage means to the extent that they can be easily placed near the consumption sites, which is not the case for other hydraulic storage type power distribution control means.
• a diffi ⁇ culty is that these batteries should be brought to a temperature of several hundred degrees (typically around 300 ° C) to operate (charge and discharge).
• the need to carry these batteries at high temperatures for them to work means that they are in practice kept permanently at operating temperature.
• GB-A-2081000 also discloses a method of regulating the temperature of NAS batteries.
• an object of an embodiment of the present disclosure aims at overcoming all or part of the drawbacks associated with the use of high tempera ⁇ erasure batteries.
• Another object of an embodiment is to increase the service life of high temperature batteries and, more particularly, batteries able to withstand temperature variations.
• Another object of an embodiment is to optimize the use of high temperature batteries in an electrical network.
• Another object of an embodiment is to propose a solution more particularly adapted to Sodium-Beta type batteries.
• a method of managing at least one high temperature electrochemical battery wherein the battery is brought to a nominal operating temperature after detection of a need. use.
• a method of managing at least one high temperature electrochemical battery comprising the following steps:
• the difference between the ambient temperature and the operating temperature is at least 100 ° C.
• the aging of the battery at ambient temperature is at least twice as slow as its aging at operating temperature.
• the transition from the ambient temperature to the operating temperature and vice versa takes several hours.
• the evaluation steps are performed in advance taking into account the time required to bring the battery or batteries to their operating temperature.
• the evaluation steps are performed daily for the following day.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electrical network of the type to which the embodiments to be described apply;
• Figures 2A, 2B and 2C are timing diagrams illustrating very schematically an example of function ⁇ ment of energy management method.
• FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of one embodiment of the energy management method.
• FIG. 1 is a very schematic representation of an example of an electrical network of the type to which the embodiments which will be described apply.
• an electricity network comprises production units 11, for example of the nuclear power station, thermal, hydraulic, wind farm, etc., a transport network for example air 12 (towers and cables) or buried between the production units and substation transformers very high voltage to medium voltage or low voltage 13. Downstream of these transformers or substations source, there is a distribution network 14 responsible for conveying the medium or low voltage to users, for example industries 15, collective or individual dwellings 20, where appropriate through secondary transformation 17.
• Production units for example of the solar power plant type 18
• production units can also supply energy directly to a secondary transformer station 17.
• mini-or micro-power plants energy production, for example, solar panels 21 installed on the roof of houses or buildings, which are likely to reinject energy on the network.
• the power grid incorporates increasingly decentralized storage systems, for example, batteries electro ⁇ high temperature chemical 30.
• batteries electro ⁇ high temperature chemical 30 In the example 1, a single battery 30 has been shown associated with a transformer 17, but such decentralized storage elements can be distributed to multiple locations of the network.
• FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are timing diagrams illustrating an example of energy management in an electrical network using a high temperature electrochemical battery storage element.
• Figure 2A illustrates an example of the power generation (PROD) rate provided by the various plants over time, for example over the course of a day.
• Figure 2B illustrates the power demand of the network (POWER), that is, the consumption requirements.
• Figure 2C illustrates the pace of energy (BAT) in the battery.
• PROD power generation
• BAT pace of energy
• FIGS. 2A to 2C have been described in connection with the use of a storage element but, in practice, using decentralized storage elements, this operation can be reproduced at these various storage elements.
• NAS sodium sulfide
• the NAS-type batteries are not adapted to withstand cycling in terms of rise-fall in temperature between the nominal operating temperature and the ambient temperature (typically a few tens of degrees, of the order of 20-25 degrees). This is why we usually try to keep them at their nominal operating temperature, whether they are used or not. This cycling in terms of rise-fall in temperature is different from the cycling in charge-discharge.
• the inventors have found that other types of batteries withstand a cycle in terms of rise-fall in temperature between the ambient temperature (typically 25 ° C.) and a nominal operating temperature (of the order of
• the number of charge-discharge cycles that the battery is likely to support is of the order of 3000 and that the calendar aging at the nominal operating temperature (of the order of 300 ° C) is about 10 years.
• the inventor has also found that the batteries could be used to absorb peaks of consumption that of the order of one cycle per day and for a few months per year. By estimating the number of months as four, this means that the life of the battery will be limited by calendar aging while it could support a greater number of cycles. High temperature batteries of this type are therefore generally underused.
• the inventor has found that by using batteries in periods when they are really useful from the point of view of the electricity grid, that is to say in periods when there are significant peaks in consumption, It was possible to increase the life of the batteries by bringing them back to room temperature outside the operating periods. It then takes advantage of the fact that some batteries support a cycle in terms of rise-fall in temperature to control a heating system and / or cooling of the battery. A difficulty, however, is that it takes several hours or even a day to carry a high temperature electrochemical battery to its operating temperature. Therefore, the responsiveness of the system is problematic.
• FIG. 3 is a simplified flow diagram of an embodiment of the method of managing a battery. This figure will be described in connection with an example of use of a single battery but it will be noted that it transposes without difficulty regardless of the number of batteries.
• the time required to place a battery in its operating conditions is of the order of one day.
• the method described will be able to adapt to other durations but the example of a day corresponds to a realistic example which, moreover, adapts perfectly to the periodicity of production of the solar power stations (production during the day where the energy demand is lower) and the frequency of consumption peaks (maximum consumption at the beginning and end of the day where solar production is low or non-existent).
• step 35 is obviously skipped.
• the difference between the operating temperature and the ambient temperature is, in practice, at least 100 degrees. It is not a question of regulating the temperature of the battery around a value but "switch" its temperature between two values distant from each other, to take advantage of different aging conditions.
• the battery is then usable (BAT ON state, block 36).
• the battery can then be placed at rest at ambient temperature (of the order of 25 ° C) to limit aging.
• Steps 31 to 38 are repeated daily
• NEXT D NEXT D
• This periodicity may depend, in particular, on the time required to carry an electrochemical battery at operating temperature. The choice of the time to implement steps 31-38 is not important, but the same time will always be chosen from one day to the next.
• FIG. 4 is a simplified flowchart illustrating an alternative embodiment of the method. Compared to Figure 3, the difference is that the test 33 is replaced by a test 33 '(CONS (D + 1) ⁇ PROD (D + 1)?) In which it is evaluated whether the consumption expected for the future period will be different from the expected production for this future period. If so, put the battery in its operating condition (blocks 34, 35 and 36), whether to charge it (lower consumption than production) or to unload it (consumption greater than production). If not, the battery is brought back to room temperature (blocks 37 and 38).
• only the production expected for the future period or only the expected consumption is evaluated.
• the battery is then placed in its operating condition if the expected production (or consumption) is greater than a threshold. This prepares the battery, either to be charged or to be discharged.
• the method described above can be implemented using computer equipment commonly present in the control centers of the electrical network.
• the control of the batteries and in particular their preheating are easily carried out remotely, the equipment of an electrical network is now almost all remote controllable.
• the lifetime of the electrochemical batteries is considerably increased while optimizing the management of the network and the use of the decentralized storage elements.
• batteries to which the described embodiments can be applied depends on their aging conditions at ambient temperature and at operating temperature. Preferably, one will select types of batteries whose aging ratio between the two temperatures is at least 2. This is the case of Sodium-Beta type batteries.
• batteries whose operating temperature is higher than the ambient temperature these embodiments could be transposed to batteries whose nominal operating temperature is lower than the ambient temperature by applying cooling instead of reheating.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Economics (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
• Marketing (AREA)
• Primary Health Care (AREA)
• Strategic Management (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-12-20 FR FR1262456A patent/FR3000264B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-12-20 JP JP2015548739A patent/JP2016506715A/ja active Pending
  • 2013-12-20 WO PCT/FR2013/053228 patent/WO2014096739A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-12-20 US US14/653,538 patent/US20150349393A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-12-20 EP EP13821885.4A patent/EP2936423A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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