EP2940206A2 - Câble hybride - Google Patents
Câble hybride Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2940206A2 EP2940206A2 EP15165462.1A EP15165462A EP2940206A2 EP 2940206 A2 EP2940206 A2 EP 2940206A2 EP 15165462 A EP15165462 A EP 15165462A EP 2940206 A2 EP2940206 A2 EP 2940206A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- strands
- cable
- rope
- hybrid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/005—Composite ropes, i.e. ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material and metal wires
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
- D07B1/068—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration characterised by the strand design
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
- D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
- D07B1/167—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay having a predetermined shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
- D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2053—Cores characterised by their structure being homogeneous
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2055—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
- D07B2201/2055—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers
- D07B2201/2057—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers resulting in a twisted structure
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2047—Cores
- D07B2201/2067—Cores characterised by the elongation or tension behaviour
- D07B2201/2068—Cores characterised by the elongation or tension behaviour having a load bearing function
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2071—Spacers
- D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/201—Polyolefins
- D07B2205/2014—High performance polyolefins, e.g. Dyneema or Spectra
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/2039—Polyesters
- D07B2205/2042—High performance polyesters, e.g. Vectran
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
- D07B2205/205—Aramides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
- D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
- D07B2205/205—Aramides
- D07B2205/2053—Polybenzimidazol [PBI]
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
- D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
- D07B2205/3007—Carbon
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2065—Reducing wear
- D07B2401/207—Reducing wear internally
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2501/00—Application field
- D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
- D07B2501/2061—Ship moorings
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to a cable having outer strands disposed about a core.
- steel ropes are well suited for lifting heavy loads.
- the weight of the steel cables is so large that the hereby payload is only comparatively low.
- a steel cable to lift 300,000kg from 3,000m sea depth would weigh 233,000kg.
- a steel cable with a diameter of about 144mm would be required.
- currently used steel ropes with a diameter of 128mm could only carry about 207,000kg from the aforementioned depth.
- hybrid cables which generally have a fiber core surrounded by steel strands.
- the steel strands and the core have different elongation properties under load and therefore bear the load unevenly. This is particularly disadvantageous in a non-rotating rope, since comparatively high loads are essentially borne by the steel strands wound around the core and the resulting torque of the rope is not compensated by the opposite, lower torque of the fiber core.
- From the DE 36 31 211 A1 is a low-leno or -lose wire rope known in which the outside around a hybrid rope core around a single layer of flat strands is arranged.
- the WO 2012 / 087315A1 discloses an elevator rope having a nonload-bearing core of elastomeric plastic surrounded by outer wires; This core strand is in turn surrounded by outer wire strands.
- a method for producing smooth-surfaced wire rope is known in the DE 134 470 C described; this flat or oval outer strands are stranded around a core, which may consist of wires or a hemp soul.
- a wire rope with an independent wire rope core is further from the US Pat. No. 5,946,898 known.
- the core wire rope is formed here of several strands, each with a fiber core and stranded wires on it.
- WO 80/02572 A1 a steel cord for vehicle tires, which consists of a core strand and outer strands, wherein outer steel wires enclose a non-metallic core.
- the US 5,651,245 discloses a cable having a multi-strand core, preferably entirely of metal.
- the outer strands surrounding the core in turn have a core of plastic, eg thermoplastic, surrounded by steel wires.
- the US 6,563,054 B1 relates to a cable having a core of parallel synthetic fibers surrounded by an annular layer of radially compressible thermoplastic material; Around this thermoplastic layer are arranged outer strands which are made entirely of metal or may have a core of synthetic fibers surrounded by metal strands.
- the WO 2012/009604 A2 describes a hybrid cable with a core of synthetic fibers around which strands are arranged, which in turn comprise a core bundle of synthetic fibers surrounded by metal strands.
- the known hybrid cables have one of metal or metal-plastic strands surrounded fiber core, which set the above, resulting from the different elongation properties disadvantages, or the hybrid cables are formed too heavy due to a metal core.
- hybrid cables having plastic strands disposed about a core often have too low a friction coefficient for winding and generally do not have the required strength.
- the object of the invention is to provide a rope in the form of a hybrid rope which avoids or reduces the disadvantages known from the prior art.
- the rope should in particular compared with steel cables for lifting an equally heavy load have a much lower weight. In addition, it should have a long service life and be easy or inexpensive to produce.
- the rope according to the invention having a core formed by at least one hybrid strand, whose strand core is formed of plastic fibers and around which at least partially metallic wires are arranged, and with outer strands arranged around the core, is characterized in that the cable has essentially the same elongation properties over the cable cross-section.
- the core of the present rope is thus formed by one or more hybrid strands.
- This hybrid strand (s) in turn has or possess a core of plastic fibers around which metallic wires, optionally also additional non-metallic wires are arranged. If the core contains a plurality of hybrid strands, these may have mutually different proportions of wires made of non-metallic material, for example plastic, up to versions with exclusively metallic wires.
- the core of the rope can thus be made particularly stable compared to cores, which consist only of plastic fibers.
- the core of the rope has a low weight compared to cores of steel strands, since the core of the at least one hybrid strand is made of plastic.
- the core of the rope is formed by several of the described hybrid strands, minor modifications, For example, by inserting less plastic or metal strands, if they do not significantly affect the advantageous properties of the rope with a core of hybrid strands possible.
- the cable according to the invention has essentially the same elongation properties over the rope cross-section.
- At least one outer strand is formed with a core of plastic fibers around which core at least partially metallic wires are arranged.
- the plurality of outer strands are formed in this manner.
- non-metallic wires for example plastic wires, may be arranged around the core, wherein different outer strands may have different proportions of non-metallic wires.
- the proportion of metal compared to that of plastic in the core of the outer strand and thus the weight of the strand is reduced while still having a high strength.
- the optional provided plastic wires around the core of the outer strand reduce the weight of the outer strand.
- the intermediate layer preferably comprises threads made of plastic, in particular polyester, aramid, liquid-crystalline polyester, polyoxadiazobenzimidazole or highly modular polyethylene; such threads have a high strength and high dimensional stability .. Their low ductility also contributes to the maintenance of the cross-sectional shape of the threads.
- the intermediate layer comprises an inner layer of untwisted threads and a surrounding outer layer of twisted threads or at least one plastic film having.
- the inner layer reduces the abrasion between the wires and the core, while the outer layer provides a stable support for the wires.
- the core is advantageously formed by a plurality of hybrid strands with mutually different diameters.
- smaller diameter hybrid strands may be provided in the spaces between larger diameter hybrid strands.
- particularly heavy-duty ropes can be formed with overall large diameters of, for example greater than 100mm, in particular of 128mm.
- the plastic fibers of the core of the at least one hybrid strand and / or optionally of the core of the at least one outer strand aramid, liquid crystalline polyester, polyoxadiazobenzimidazole, highly modular polyethylene or carbon exhibit.
- different cores may also have different materials.
- the outer strands are stranded with a different direction of rotation relative to the at least one hybrid strand. Since strands wound around a core of a rope can cause rope rotation under stress of the rope, when the outer strands are wound in a direction around the core of the rope and the wires of the hybrid strand of the core are wound in the opposite direction that compensates for the tendency for rotation caused by the outer strands and the wires of the hybrid strand.
- the wires of all or at least a portion of the hybrid strands may be oppositely stranded to the outer strands.
- the hybrid strands can be stranded or twisted together even in the opposite direction to the outer strands.
- the transverse pressure stability of the hybrid strands is increased, whereby they maintain their round cross-section in the rope. Without this interlayer, the hybrid strands could be ovally pressed due to the transverse pressures in the rope, and the wires from adjacent strands could come into contact. As a result of the permanent relative movement, this contact can lead to internal wear and thus to a shorter service life of the cable.
- the plastic of the intermediate layer is a thermoplastic, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene.
- these plastics are hydrophobic and do not absorb moisture when using the rope in the water.
- a support element is arranged, against which the outer strands rest.
- a support element is arranged between all pairs of adjacent outer strands.
- the support element has a circular, elliptical or substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional profile.
- Circular or elliptical support elements can be arranged in a simple manner as the strands themselves between the strands, while trapezoidal support elements also have the advantage that the strands can rest on the oblique side walls of the trapezium particularly stable.
- the outer strands are arranged in several concentric layers around the core.
- the strands may in this case have the same or different diameters.
- Fig. 1 shows a rope 1 with a core 2, around which outer strands 3 are arranged.
- the core 2 is in this case formed by at least one hybrid strand 4, in the illustrated example by 19 hybrid strands 4, the core 5 (each) is formed of plastic fibers.
- the core 5 (each) is formed of plastic fibers.
- Around this core 5 around wires 6 are arranged. At least a portion of the wires 6 is made of metal, so that wires 6 made of other materials, which have a sufficient strength for the application of the rope 1, can run around the core 5.
- the outer strands 3 are also formed with a core 7 made of plastic fibers around which wires 8 are arranged. At least a portion of the wires 8 is made of metal, so that wires 8 made of other materials, which have a sufficient strength for the application of the rope 1, around the core 7 of the outer strands 3 can run.
- the diameters of the hybrid strands 4 may be different, so that the space available for the core 2 is filled as efficiently as possible with hybrid strands 4. Together with the 16 outer strands 3 results in a rope 1 of 35 hybrid strands 3, 4, wherein, without this being apparent from the illustration, advantageously the outer strands 3 are stranded with a different direction of rotation to the hybrid strands 4.
- the hybrid strands 4 of the core 2 also has an intermediate layer 13 made of plastic.
- a substantially trapezoidal support element 14 is arranged between adjacent outer strands 3, against which the outer strands 3 abut. Although for clarity in Fig. 1 only one support element 14 is shown, it is favorable, although not absolutely necessary, to provide support elements 14 between all adjacent outer strands 3.
- a strand is shown in cross-section, which likewise represents a hybrid strand 4 of the rope core 2 or an outer strand 3 of the rope 1.
- the wires 6 and 8 are arranged, wherein between the wires 6 and the core 5 and between the wires 8 and the core 7, an intermediate layer 9 or 10 is arranged from plastic.
- the intermediate layer 9 or 10 preferably has an inner layer 11 of untwisted threads and a surrounding outer layer 12 of twisted threads or at least one plastic film on.
- FIG. 3 Another exemplary embodiment of a rope 1 is shown which, in order to withstand higher tensile stresses, has two concentric layers of outer strands 3 around the core 2. In an embodiment of the rope 1, not shown, more than two concentric layers of outer strands 3 may be arranged around the core 2.
- the rope 1 of the invention allows due to its design lifting heavy loads as a steel rope of the same diameter or, in order to lift the same heavy loads, the diameter of the rope 1 according to the invention be smaller than that of a steel cable.
- Table 1 ⁇ / u> steel cable Rope according to the invention
- Seawater depth (m) 3000 3000 Object weight (kg) 300000 300000 Rope weight in seawater (kg) 233000 82,000 Lifting total weight (kg) 533000 382000 Rope breaking force (kg) 1559000 1261000 safety factor 3 3, 3 Rope diameter (mm) 144 128
- a rope 1 according to the invention with a diameter of 128 mm can thus be used instead of a steel cable with a diameter of 144 mm.
- load-bearing synthetic fibers which have a lower weight compared to steel, thus replace part of the steel wires.
- These are high-strength synthetic fibers that can take over significant load fractions.
- plastic fibers known per se or their (known) high strength values with regard to use in the present rope are given in Table 2 below: ⁇ u> Table 2 ⁇ / u> material Designation - Type titres cN / dtex gpa aramid technora T200W 23,95 aramid technora T200 24 aramid technora T221 1670 24.01 aramid Twaron 2200 850 20.35 aramid Twaron 1111 420 21.4 Liquid crystalline polyester Vectran HAT830 14.2 Liquid crystalline polyester Vectran HS1500 2.8 Highly modular polyethylene Dyneema SK38 6600 16.5 1.6 Highly modular polyethylene Dyneema SK62 2640 28.6 2.8 Highly modular polyethylene Dyneema SK65 880 30.8 3 Highly modular polyethylene Dyneema SK75 2640 33.5 3.3 Highly modular polyethylene Dyneema SK75 1760 35.1 3.4 Highly modular polyethylene Dyneee
Landscapes
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATGM50066/2014U AT14494U1 (de) | 2014-04-29 | 2014-04-29 | Hybridseil |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2940206A2 true EP2940206A2 (fr) | 2015-11-04 |
| EP2940206A3 EP2940206A3 (fr) | 2016-01-27 |
| EP2940206B1 EP2940206B1 (fr) | 2019-06-05 |
Family
ID=54782337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15165462.1A Active EP2940206B1 (fr) | 2014-04-29 | 2015-04-28 | Câble hybride |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2940206B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | AT14494U1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113863038A (zh) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-31 | 江苏赛福天钢索股份有限公司 | 一种多层缠绕高性能钢丝绳及其制备方法 |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE134470C (fr) | ||||
| US3075344A (en) | 1960-06-24 | 1963-01-29 | United States Steel Corp | Double twisted strand and method of making the same |
| WO1980002572A1 (fr) | 1979-05-23 | 1980-11-27 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind | Corde pour pneux |
| DE3631211A1 (de) | 1986-09-13 | 1988-03-24 | Ver Drahtseilwerke Gmbh | Drehungsarmes bzw. drehungsfreies drahtseil |
| US5651245A (en) | 1993-07-09 | 1997-07-29 | Trefileurope France | Lifting cable having metallic central core and hybrid outer strands |
| US5946898A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1999-09-07 | Shinko Kosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Wire rope having an independent wire rope core |
| US6563054B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 | 2003-05-13 | Trefileurope | Composite cable with a synthetic core for lifting or traction |
| WO2011145224A1 (fr) | 2010-05-17 | 2011-11-24 | 東京製綱株式会社 | Câble hybride et procédé pour sa production |
| WO2012009604A2 (fr) | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Câble composite et procédé de fabrication, et structure de support et pneu la contenant |
| WO2012087315A1 (fr) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Otis Elevator Company | Courroie de système d'ascenseur |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1003097B (de) * | 1955-01-04 | 1957-02-21 | Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung drehungsfreier, flachlitziger Drahtseile |
| GB811501A (en) * | 1955-07-06 | 1959-04-08 | British Ropes Ltd | Improvements in or relating to ropes |
| US4034547A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-07-12 | Loos August W | Composite cable and method of making the same |
| JPH0246886A (ja) * | 1988-08-08 | 1990-02-16 | Takahiro Nagatsuka | ふたつの機能を持たせたカッターナイフ |
| ES2231242T3 (es) * | 1999-08-26 | 2005-05-16 | Otis Elevator Company | Miembro de tension para ascensor. |
| DE102007024020A1 (de) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-20 | Casar Drahtseilwerk Saar Gmbh | Seil, kombiniertes Seil aus Kunststofffasern und Stahldrahtlitzen, sowie kombinierte Litze aus Kunststofffasern und Stahldrähten |
| DE102010061201A1 (de) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-14 | Phoenix Conveyor Belt Systems Gmbh | Fördergurt mit einem Zugträger aus Stahl-Aramid-Hybridseilen |
| AT12824U1 (de) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-12-15 | Teufelberger Seil Ges M B H | Drahtseil mit einer langspleissverbindung |
| PT2971331T (pt) * | 2013-03-14 | 2018-11-07 | Wireco Worldgroup Inc | Ligação equilibrada de corda híbrida |
-
2014
- 2014-04-29 AT ATGM50066/2014U patent/AT14494U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2015
- 2015-04-28 EP EP15165462.1A patent/EP2940206B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE134470C (fr) | ||||
| US3075344A (en) | 1960-06-24 | 1963-01-29 | United States Steel Corp | Double twisted strand and method of making the same |
| WO1980002572A1 (fr) | 1979-05-23 | 1980-11-27 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind | Corde pour pneux |
| DE3631211A1 (de) | 1986-09-13 | 1988-03-24 | Ver Drahtseilwerke Gmbh | Drehungsarmes bzw. drehungsfreies drahtseil |
| US5651245A (en) | 1993-07-09 | 1997-07-29 | Trefileurope France | Lifting cable having metallic central core and hybrid outer strands |
| US5946898A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1999-09-07 | Shinko Kosen Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Wire rope having an independent wire rope core |
| US6563054B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 | 2003-05-13 | Trefileurope | Composite cable with a synthetic core for lifting or traction |
| WO2011145224A1 (fr) | 2010-05-17 | 2011-11-24 | 東京製綱株式会社 | Câble hybride et procédé pour sa production |
| EP2573257A1 (fr) | 2010-05-17 | 2013-03-27 | Tokyo Rope Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Câble hybride et procédé pour sa production |
| WO2012009604A2 (fr) | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Câble composite et procédé de fabrication, et structure de support et pneu la contenant |
| WO2012087315A1 (fr) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Otis Elevator Company | Courroie de système d'ascenseur |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113863038A (zh) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-31 | 江苏赛福天钢索股份有限公司 | 一种多层缠绕高性能钢丝绳及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT14494U1 (de) | 2015-12-15 |
| EP2940206A3 (fr) | 2016-01-27 |
| EP2940206B1 (fr) | 2019-06-05 |
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