EP2946191A1 - Conduite à poussière avec capteur optique et procédé pour mesurer la composition de la poussière - Google Patents

Conduite à poussière avec capteur optique et procédé pour mesurer la composition de la poussière

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Publication number
EP2946191A1
EP2946191A1 EP14705317.7A EP14705317A EP2946191A1 EP 2946191 A1 EP2946191 A1 EP 2946191A1 EP 14705317 A EP14705317 A EP 14705317A EP 2946191 A1 EP2946191 A1 EP 2946191A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dust
optical
optical sensor
line
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14705317.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Michael Gigler
Holger Hackstein
Remigiusz Pastusiak
Kerstin Wiesner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2946191A1 publication Critical patent/EP2946191A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
    • G01N15/0612—Optical scan of the deposits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/15—Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N21/8507—Probe photometers, i.e. with optical measuring part dipped into fluid sample
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0096—Investigating consistence of powders, dustability, dustiness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/15—Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
    • G01N2021/151—Gas blown
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N2021/3595—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using FTIR
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G01N21/534—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke by measuring transmission alone, i.e. determining opacity
    • G01N2021/536—Measurement device mounted at stack
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8411—Application to online plant, process monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N21/8507—Probe photometers, i.e. with optical measuring part dipped into fluid sample
    • G01N2021/8528—Immerged light conductor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3554—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
    • G01N21/474—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dust duct for transporting dust with at least one optical sensor for monitoring a property of the dust. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for measuring a property of dust in a dust line.
  • Dust lines are used in a number of automated dust transport processes, where the dust is either transported to the point of its use or transported away from the site of its formation. Dust is understood below to mean a collection of solid particles whose particle diameter is significantly below 1 mm, usually below 100 ⁇ m. Dust stirred up in air can float for a long time and thus be transported in pneumatically operated dust lines along with a stream of air, even in a fluidized manner. The most important application of such dust lines is in coal-fired power plants, in which finely ground coal dust with a particle diameter of usually a maximum of 0.5 mm is fed to a burner via a dust line. However, there are other automated processes in which dust is transported via dust lines, such as the supply of flour, cocoa or starch in food production or the removal of wood dusts and metal dusts in material processing processes.
  • the calorific value of coal is particularly important Parameter to be monitored.
  • the calorific value is a measure of the energy released during the combustion per unit mass of the fuel.
  • the calorific value depends, among other things, on the humidity of the pulverized coal, the chemical composition of the carbon particles and the particle size of the pulverized coal.
  • all these parameters should be kept within a given process window, whereby the given process window can also vary over time, for example if the nominal power of the power plant changes during the course of the day.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a dust line for the transport of dust with at least one optical sensor, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned.
  • a further re object of the invention is to provide a method for measuring a property of dust in a dust line.
  • the dust line according to the invention for the transport of dust in an automated process comprises at least one optical sensor for monitoring a property of the dust.
  • the optical sensor is arranged in an indentation of the dust line, the indentation being equipped with at least one gas inlet nozzle for removing the dust from the optical sensor.
  • the dust line according to the invention makes it possible, for example, to transport the dust pneumatically through the line while monitoring the composition of the dust during the ongoing process by means of an optical measurement.
  • the arrangement of the optical sensor in a recess of the dust line reduces the wear of the sensor, since it is not directly exposed to the abrasive forces in the main channel of the transport stream. Instead, the measurement takes place in a mechanically protected area of the transport line.
  • the indentation of the dust line fills up to a large extent with dust. This filling corresponds to the automated removal of a sample from the transport stream.
  • this sample volume can be emptied again by the at least one gas inlet nozzle of the dust line according to the invention is put into operation in order to largely free the indentation by blowing air from dust.
  • the thus exposed sensor surface is then again available for further measurement.
  • the dust duct thus configured thus makes it possible to carry out repeated measurements of the optical parameters of the dust in a simple manner in order to determine the composition and further properties of the dust, and For example, to monitor compliance with a given process window.
  • Another advantage of the dust line according to the invention is that the measurement of the optical parameters can take place without contact, which means that the dust line can be configured as an explosion-proof environment. This is especially important for flammable dusts such as coal dust, flour, cocoa, starch and cellulose dust. Due to the low abrasion of the optical sensor in the recess of the dust line dust line according to the invention is also low maintenance.
  • the dust line may additionally have the following features:
  • the optical sensor may be a sensor for measuring a reflection comprising at least one probe body and an optical window.
  • the probe body acts as
  • Carrier for the optical measuring device and the optical window forms the interface between the optical sensor and the sample volume to be measured, ie the dust contained in the indentation.
  • the measurement of a reflection property is advantageous since most dusts are poorly transparent in the range of infrared light and visible light, but at some wavelengths have a relatively high reflection coefficient. Is particularly advantageous Also, an embodiment in which the optical window and the probe body can be separated from each other, for example, in case of any wear these components separately replaced and / or cleaned, because even in the protected environment within the indentation in continuous operation wear and / / or contamination of the components of the optical sensor occur.
  • the optical sensor may comprise at least one light source for emitting light into the optical window, at least one photodetector for measuring light and at least one light source
  • the at least one optical waveguide serves to forward the light from the light source to the optical window and to conduct the light to be measured from the optical window to the photodetector.
  • Advantageous wavelength ranges for the optical measurement are the visible range of the spectrum and the infrared range, in particular the near infrared range (NIR) between 780 nm and 3 ⁇ and the middle infrared range (MIR) between see 3 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ .
  • NIR near infrared range
  • MIR middle infrared range
  • the at least one optical waveguide comprises fluoride fibers and / or sapphire fibers.
  • the optical sensor may also comprise two or more optical fibers.
  • the optical sensor may comprise at least one element for splitting light into its spectral components.
  • This element can be for example a grid or a prism.
  • the decoupled light between the optical window and the photodetector can be decomposed into its spectral components in order to enable a wavelength-selective measurement.
  • the optical sensor may comprise at least one element for the computational determination of the spectral components of light by a Fourier analysis. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when using infrared light.
  • the element for computational determination of the spectral components can be, for example, an interferometer, which splits the light emitted by the light source by means of a beam splitter into two individual beams which interfere with one another. The path of one of the sub-beams is thereby changed continuously so that a measurement signal is obtained at the detector as a function of this distance. By Fourier transformation of the obtained interferogram, the spectral components of the light can be determined by calculation.
  • gas inlet nozzles can be arranged in the indentation of the dust line. These gas inlet nozzles can be designed so that they can blow in air or another non-flammable gas in at least two different angles to a transport direction of the dust in the indentation.
  • the use of a plurality of gas inlet nozzles and the injection of gas from several different angles makes it possible to remove dust from the indentation and the optical sensor arranged therein, in particular the optical window, in a particularly reliable and reproducible manner. Even if one of the gas inlet nozzles fails, one or more further nozzles can still reliably clear the indentation of dust.
  • the optical sensor may be a sensor suitable for measuring the attenuated total internal reflection of light in the sample window.
  • the method of weakened inner Total reflection is a measurement method in which total reflection radiation is guided in an optical window with a high refractive index.
  • a sample to be examined which is brought into contact or in close spatial proximity to the optical window can then attenuate the total reflection within the optical window.
  • the attenuation is due to the interaction of the evanescent electromagnetic field of the light with the sample, the range of this interaction being in the range of the wavelength of the light.
  • this embodiment of the invention can thus be measured with such a light sensor so essentially dust particles that rest directly on the optical window.
  • the attenuation of the total internal reflection of the light is particularly strong for those spectral regions in which an absorption of the sample to be measured is present.
  • characteristic bands are measured in a spectrally resolved measurement, which allow conclusions about the chemical composition of the sample to be examined.
  • the particle size of dust particles to be examined also influences the degree of weakening of the total internal reflection and thus the strength of the measured spectral bands.
  • the refractive index of the optical window is advantageously greater than 1.5, particularly advantageously greater than 2.
  • Suitable materials for such optical windows are, for example, diamond, sapphire, germanium, zinc selenide, silver halides, quartz glass, silicon, thallium bromoiodide or germanium arsenic. selenide.
  • the shape of the optical window is advantageously designed so that several reflections take place in the beam path of the light at the outer boundary surface of the optical window, that is, at several points of the optical window, a weakening of the total internal reflection by an optical interaction with the examined Sample can take place.
  • an embodiment of the optical window in prismatic form is particularly advantageous.
  • the optical sensor may be a sensor suitable for measuring the diffuse reflection of light on the dust.
  • light is coupled out of the optical window into the interior of the indentation.
  • the light is diffusely reflected by the dust particles to be measured and, to a certain extent, coupled back into the optical window and directed via one of the optical waveguides to the photodetector.
  • an optical window made of a material which has the lowest possible refractive index, for example below 2, so that the light can be coupled out into the interior of the indentation.
  • the method may additionally have the following features and / or steps:
  • the aforementioned method steps may be repeated several times in order to monitor an automated process.
  • the repetition can take place, for example, periodically.
  • Only the regular repetition of the measurement of the optical properties of the dust allows a continuous monitoring of a running process, for example a check, whether a predetermined process window with predetermined process parameters is maintained.
  • a regulation of such process parameters is made possible by such a continuous repetition of the optical measurement.
  • the optical property of the dust may be the attenuation of total internal reflection of light in an optical window of the optical sensor by deposited dust.
  • the optical property of the dust may be the diffuse reflection of light on dust contained in the recess.
  • the optical property of the dust can be measured as a function of the wavelength of light emitted by a light source of the optical sensor.
  • Such a measuring method is especially advantageous if the chemical composition of the dust is a relevant measurement parameter, because a spectrally resolved evaluation of the optical property of the dust allows a direct assignment to known substances by comparison with cataloged spectral band positions, band widths and band intensities of known Substances and known mixtures.
  • a predetermined process window can also be defined so that only a certain predetermined deviation from a predefined ideal spectrum can be tolerated. When measuring a larger than allowed deviation in any part of the spectrum, process parameters must be corrected.
  • the grain size of the dust can also be determined. For example, an average effective grain size can be determined from the extent of total internal reflection attenuation, since many small dust particles will cause much more matter to interact optically with evanescent waves of light in the optical window than a few large dust particles.
  • the chemical composition of the dust can also be determined. In particular, by analyzing the spectral dependence of the optical property of a monitoring of the chemical composition is easily possible.
  • One aspect which may be particularly relevant here is the monitoring of the moisture content of the dust, for example the measurement of the water fraction bound to the surface of the dust particles or else the measurement of structurally bound water.
  • the automated process to be monitored may be the supply of coal dust in a coal power plant.
  • compliance with a predetermined process window can be monitored and / or regulated.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the dust pipe after a first
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the optical sensor according to the first embodiment
  • Fig. 3 shows a comparable detail of the optical
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a dust pipe 1 according to a first preferred embodiment. Shown is a section of the dust line 1, which contains an optical sensor 15 for monitoring the dust 2, which is shown in FIG. 1 by its probe body 12 and its optical window 14. The optical sensor 15 is arranged in a recess 8 of the dust line 1.
  • the dust pipe 1 serves to transport dust 2 along a transporting direction 6.
  • the dust pipe 1 is a pipe for transporting pulverized coal to a combustion plant in a power plant.
  • the coal dust is produced here in the same location as the incinerator in a grinding plant. Alternatively, it can be delivered in dust form as an alternative.
  • the chemical composition of the pulverized coal should be constantly checked during the supply of pulverized coal in order to ensure that the incinerator is within the desired process range. ters and meets the nominal electrical output of the power plant. This nominal electrical power may vary throughout the day, necessitating repeated readjustment and verification of the process parameters. Even if the power plant has a constant nominal output, quality fluctuations in the calorific value of the pulverized coal can be compensated by other parameters, such as a changed mass flow, so that the overall heating power remains constant.
  • the measured chemical composition data can also be used to check the quality of the raw materials, ie the raw coal.
  • Measured data on the mean grain size of the pulverized coal can also serve as control variables in the adjustment of the parameters of the upstream grinding plant.
  • the coal-fired power plant is a power plant for hard coal dust.
  • alternative examples with power plants for brown coal dust and coal dust are conceivable.
  • the invention likewise relates to dust lines which transport dust-like starting materials to an installation in industrial production processes, for example flour, cocoa or starch in food production.
  • dusts that are generated as waste products in processes of material processing for example wood or metal dusts in sawing or grinding plants
  • the monitoring of the dust parameters by the optical measurement for example, serve to continuously check these waste products for polluting or harmful substances, or to monitor the process parameters of the material processing process.
  • the dust accumulates 2 during transport in the recess 8 of the dust line.
  • the superimposed Dust on the optical window 14, which allows an optical measurement of the dust parameters.
  • the indentation 8 is largely freed from dust 2 again by blowing air into the indentation 8 through the gas inlet nozzles.
  • the gas inlet nozzles are realized here as blocking air nozzles 10.
  • other non-flammable gases may be used to clean the optical window 14.
  • eight blocking air nozzles 10 are arranged around the optical window 14 in such a way that the different areas of the window 14 are cleaned successively with compressed air from different angles of incidence, thus removing as far as possible the dust 2 from the recess 8.
  • the air flow is switched off.
  • the indentation can be filled with dust again and a new measured value can be determined. For example, a repetition of the measurement can take place after a few seconds.
  • the blocking air nozzles can also be arranged asymmetrically.
  • a single barrier air nozzle can be arranged so that it blows the air flow in the direction of the dust line.
  • the finely divided dust particles 2 are to be understood only schematically.
  • the dust particles 2 will be transported through the line in a much denser concentration.
  • the measurement of the dust property within the indentation makes the measurement result relatively independent of the process-dependent variation of the density of the dust stream in the transport line. For a reproducible repetition of the measurement conditions, it is important that the packing density of the
  • Dust grains 2 is comparable from measurement to measurement.
  • the shape and size of the indentation 8 also has an influence on the amount of dust 2 deposited per measuring cycle. producibility of dust accumulation before a measurement and the possibility of a reprozierbaren cleaning the recess 8.
  • the indentation 8 may for example have a cylindrical shape and advantageously be about 3 to 30 mm wide and 3 to 30 mm deep.
  • the aspect ratio, ie the ratio between width and depth of the indentation, can be greater or less than 1.
  • other shapes are also conceivable, for example a curved shape, a cuboid shape, a part of a conical shape or a trapezoidal shape.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic detail view of the optical sensor 15 used in the first exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • This optical sensor works on the principle of attenuated total reflection. From a light source 22 here infrared radiation is coupled through a first optical waveguide 18 in the optical window 14.
  • the optical window 14 in this example has a trapezoidal cross-section, with the result that, in an exemplary beam path 17, the infrared light is reflected at three surfaces on the outside of the optical window 14.
  • the material of the optical window 14 has a refractive index above 2 at the wavelength of light used.
  • the optical window is made of zinc selenide.
  • the refractive index of the optical window 14 is so high that, in the case of a typical beam path 17, the light on the inside of the window 14 is totally reflected.
  • dust 2 is deposited close to the surface of the optical window 14, then an interaction of the dust with evanescent waves of the light can take place, and the inner
  • Total reflection is particularly attenuated for those wavelengths for which a strong absorption of the radiation in the dust grain is given.
  • the remaining totally reflected radiation 17 is guided by a second optical waveguide 12 through the probe body 12 to a photodetector 24.
  • the signal measured by the optical sensor 12 is forwarded to a readout unit, not shown here.
  • the light source 22 may be monochromatic or polychromatic Send out light.
  • an element, not shown here may additionally be present for splitting the light into its spectral components and / or for selecting one of these components.
  • an interferometer can be arranged in the beam path such that a mathematical determination of the individual wavelength components, in particular the attenuated total reflection as a function of the wavelength, is possible.
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of an optical sensor 25 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the arrangement of the indentation 8 and the blocking air nozzles 10 in the dust line 1 should be analogous to the first embodiment shown in Figure 1.
  • the optical sensor 25 works on the principle of diffuse reflection.
  • two light sources 22 are arranged so that their radiation is coupled by two optical waveguides 20 and 28 in the optical window 14.
  • the optical window 14 is formed of a material with a refractive index below 1.6, in this example of quartz glass.
  • the light of the light source is here visible light, which is coupled out of the optical window 14 in an exemplary beam path 27 and can be diffusely reflected by a dust particle 2 located in the vicinity.
  • the angle of reflection is not necessarily equal to the angle of incidence.
  • Portions of the reflected light may be captured by the second optical fiber and directed to the optical sensor 25.
  • the wavelength of the light can be selected by additional elements not shown here.
  • the optical measurement can be carried out successively for different wavelengths in the spectral range of the light source, or a simultaneous measurement of all wavelengths via an interferometric measurement is possible.
  • the intensity of the diffuse reflection as a function of the wavelength can be determined, which results in a measurement of the material-dependent ablation. Sorption properties of the dust 2, but also the dust density and / or the average grain size makes possible.
  • Both embodiments make it possible to continuously monitor the properties of the dust such as chemical composition, moisture and grain size by regularly repeated measurements and to regulate associated process parameters using the measuring signals.
  • Dust line 1 enables measurements in an explosion-proof environment with low wear of the optical sensors 15, 25.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une conduite à poussière avec un capteur optique et un procédé pour mesurer une propriété de la poussière. La conduite à poussière selon l'invention pour transporter la poussière lors d'un processus automatisé comprend au moins un capteur optique pour surveiller la propriété de la poussière. Le capteur optique est agencé dans un renfoncement de la conduite à poussière, ledit renfoncement étant muni d'au moins une buse d'admission de gaz pour éliminer la poussière du capteur optique. Dans le procédé selon l'invention pour mesurer une propriété de la poussière dans une conduite à poussière, la poussière est transportée dans une conduite à poussière. Une propriété optique de la poussière est mesurée à l'aide d'au moins un capteur optique agencé dans un renfoncement de la conduite à poussière. La poussière est ensuite éliminée du capteur optique en soufflant de l'air à l'aide d'au moins une buse d'admission de gaz agencée dans le renfoncement.
EP14705317.7A 2013-02-26 2014-02-11 Conduite à poussière avec capteur optique et procédé pour mesurer la composition de la poussière Withdrawn EP2946191A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013203109.2A DE102013203109A1 (de) 2013-02-26 2013-02-26 Staubleitung mit optischem Sensor und Verfahren zur Messung der Zusammensetzung von Staub
PCT/EP2014/052594 WO2014131611A1 (fr) 2013-02-26 2014-02-11 Conduite à poussière avec capteur optique et procédé pour mesurer la composition de la poussière

Publications (1)

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EP2946191A1 true EP2946191A1 (fr) 2015-11-25

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EP14705317.7A Withdrawn EP2946191A1 (fr) 2013-02-26 2014-02-11 Conduite à poussière avec capteur optique et procédé pour mesurer la composition de la poussière

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Country Link
US (1) US9599557B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2946191A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105008894A (fr)
DE (1) DE102013203109A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014131611A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9599557B2 (en) 2017-03-21
DE102013203109A1 (de) 2014-08-28
CN105008894A (zh) 2015-10-28
US20160003736A1 (en) 2016-01-07
WO2014131611A1 (fr) 2014-09-04

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