EP2951420A1 - Installation a turbine a gaz et procede de regulation de ladite installation. - Google Patents
Installation a turbine a gaz et procede de regulation de ladite installation.Info
- Publication number
- EP2951420A1 EP2951420A1 EP14703056.3A EP14703056A EP2951420A1 EP 2951420 A1 EP2951420 A1 EP 2951420A1 EP 14703056 A EP14703056 A EP 14703056A EP 2951420 A1 EP2951420 A1 EP 2951420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- temperature
- inlet
- supply line
- compressor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
- F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
- F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05D2260/601—Fluid transfer using an ejector or a jet pump
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of gas turbines and in particular to improving the energy efficiency of installations with a gas turbine.
- the present invention relates to the production of electricity by co-generation in stationary.
- the possible cooling is limited by external conditions: the amount of water that can contain air is limited. For example, in a humid environment, one can (almost) not cool.
- the machine consumes a lot of electricity: to produce lkWh of cold, it consumes between 0.2 and 0.4 kWh of electricity.
- the present invention aims to provide a gas turbine installation to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to allow an increase in mechanical power, and possibly the available thermal power supplied by a gas turbine with a possible adaptation to variations in climatic conditions in the environment in which the installation is located.
- the present invention relates to a gas turbine plant which implements cooling CTIAC refrigerating machine with ejector. More specifically, it proposes a gas turbine installation, characterized in that it comprises:
- a refrigerating machine operating with a fluid a liquid, for example water, or a gas or more generally a fluid able to change phase, which is liquid or gaseous as a function of its position in the machine
- a fluid a liquid, for example water, or a gas or more generally a fluid able to change phase, which is liquid or gaseous as a function of its position in the machine
- a low pressure circuit with an evaporator fed by an expansion element and forming a first cold source, an intermediate pressure circuit with an ejector and a condenser placed downstream of said ejector,
- a gas turbine with a compressor supplied with air by an air supply line and whose outlet is connected to the inlet of a combustion chamber supplied with fuel (for example natural gas), the outlet of the combustion chamber being connected with the inlet of a turbine having an outlet with exhaust gases flowing in an exhaust pipe,
- fuel for example natural gas
- the CTIAC by ejector refrigerating machine according to the invention makes it possible to cool the air at the inlet of the turbine to any temperature value, in the limit of the phenomena of condensation and icing, whatever the external conditions (temperature, humidity ..), although the performances (COP or coefficient of thermal and electrical performance) of such a system vary with the external conditions.
- the CTIAC ejector refrigerating machine according to the invention operates from the heat discharges of a gas turbine, and its power consumption is almost negligible. Furthermore, the CTIAC by ejector refrigerating machine according to the invention operates from low temperature thermal discharges of a gas turbine, up to about 80 ° C.
- the ejector refrigeration machine CTIAC according to the invention is more flexible than an absorption system using the H 2 0 / LiBr couple and it has an affordable cost which is less than that of a system using the ejector.
- an ejector overcomes the disadvantages of conventional cooling systems of a gas turbine: there is no limitation of cooling related to external conditions, little power consumption (comparable to absorption) , and the implementation of this technique is cheaper and more flexible than for absorption.
- either the exhaust pipe forms the source of heat or it participates as one of the components of the heat source.
- the present invention relates to a control method adapted for a gas turbine installation as described above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an installation with a gas turbine according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 to 5 represent alternative embodiments of the gas turbine installation according to the invention
- FIGS. 6 to 8 represent several possible configurations for the implementation of the gas turbine installation according to the invention within a heating network
- FIGS. 9 to 18 are diagrams showing different control methods according to the invention applicable to these gas turbine plants.
- This refrigerating machine 100 is an ejector system, composed of the following elements:
- An ejector 102 it plays the role of "thermal compressor”.
- the high pressure flow of a high pressure circuit 110 accelerated at the inlet of the ejector 102, sucks the low pressure flow of a low pressure circuit 120. These two streams mix to form a flow at intermediate pressure of an intermediate pressure circuit 130.
- the intermediate pressure circuit 130 is the intermediate pressure circuit 130:
- a condenser 104 at the outlet of the ejector 102, the intermediate pressure stream is cooled in order to condense it. This exchange is typically with a source at room temperature.
- An expansion member 106 a portion of this intermediate pressure stream is expanded.
- An evaporator 108 the low pressure stream obtained is reheated and evaporated. This low pressure steam then enters the ejector 102. This heat exchange corresponds to the cold produced. This heat exchange is carried out with a heat source typically at room temperature (10 to 30 ° C).
- a pump 112 the rest of the intermediate pressure stream is compressed by the pump 112. This pump 112, operating on liquid, consumes little electricity.
- a generator 114 the high pressure stream obtained is reheated and evaporated. This high-pressure steam then enters the ejector 102. This heat exchange is carried out with a heat source typically between 80 and 120 ° C. According to the invention, as can be seen in FIG. 1, this refrigerating machine 100 is associated with a gas turbine engine 200, while operating as previously described.
- the gas turbine 200 comprises a compressor 202, a combustion chamber 204, a turbine 206 and a gas turbine generator 208 adapted to drive the main shaft of the turbine 206 and the compressor 202.
- the combustion chamber 204 is supplied with fuel by a fuel supply line 211.
- the exhaust gases of the turbine 206 flow in an exhaust pipe 212.
- the air of the air supply line 210 for cooling enters the gas turbine 200 at the compressor 202, and allows upstream of the gas turbine 200 to evaporate the fluid of the low pressure circuit. 120 passing through the evaporator 108.
- a cogeneration heat exchanger the latter is placed upstream of the said generator 114 on the exhaust pipe 212.
- the fluid of the intermediate pressure circuit 130 is condensed by the heater type condenser 104.
- the installation that is the subject of the invention cools air that enters, via the air supply line 210, into the compressor 202 connected to the turbine 206.
- This air leaves the compressor, and is mixed with a fuel (eg natural gas) arriving through the fuel supply line 211 into the combustion chamber 204.
- a fuel eg natural gas
- the fumes obtained are expanded in the turbine 206, which drives the air compressor 202 and the alternator forming the gas turbine generator 208.
- the fumes enter the cogeneration heat exchanger, if it exists, in which they are cooled. (case not shown in Figure 1).
- the fumes are cooled in the generator 114 of the ejector system formed of the refrigerating machine 100. Finally, the fumes are released into the atmosphere.
- This configuration of FIG. 1, in which the exhaust pipe 212 forms the heat source of the high pressure circuit 110 and the air supply pipe 210 is subjected to said first cold source (formed in this example of the evaporator 108) constitutes a first embodiment of the first aspect of the invention.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 the installation of FIG. 1, formed of the refrigerating machine 100 associated with the gas turbine engine 200, is configured according to another arrangement forming a second embodiment of the first aspect. of the invention.
- the generator 114 instead of placing the generator 114 directly on the exhaust pipe 212 containing the fumes, the generator 114 is placed on an intermediate water loop 220 between an existing recovery boiler 222 (Located on the flue gas exhaust line 212) and a customer-side exchanger 224 which is connected to the hot water or steam distribution network to the customer (distribution water loop 226).
- an existing recovery boiler 222 Located on the flue gas exhaust line 212
- a customer-side exchanger 224 which is connected to the hot water or steam distribution network to the customer (distribution water loop 226).
- the installation according to the invention further comprises an intermediate water loop 220 also belonging to said heat source and comprising a recovery boiler 222 traversed by the exhaust pipe 212, and an exchanger 224 (customer-side exchanger) capable of supplying heat to another distribution water loop 226.
- an intermediate water loop 220 also belonging to said heat source and comprising a recovery boiler 222 traversed by the exhaust pipe 212, and an exchanger 224 (customer-side exchanger) capable of supplying heat to another distribution water loop 226.
- connection of the installation according to this second embodiment of the first aspect of the invention can be carried out according to several variants.
- this connection is called “in parallel” and the installation further comprises a water pipe 230 forming a bypass of the intermediate water loop 220 at the location of a outlet 231 located downstream of the recovery boiler 222 passing through the generator 114 to form said source of heat to which said generator 114 of the refrigerating machine 100 is subjected and opening into the intermediate water loop 220 downstream of said exchanger 224 of the intermediate water loop 220 (socket 232 in Figure 2).
- this connection is called "in series”.
- the installation further comprises a water pipe 230 'forming a bypass of the intermediate water loop 220 at the location of a plug 232 located downstream of said exchanger 224 intermediate water loop 220 passing through the generator 114 to form said heat source to which is subjected said generator 114 of the refrigerating machine 100 and opening into the intermediate water loop 220 downstream of said outlet 232 and upstream of the recovery boiler 222, at a plug 233.
- the installation further comprises a water pipe 230 "forming a bypass of the intermediate water loop 220 at the location of a socket 231 located downstream of the boiler recovery 222 passing through the generator 114 to form said heat source which is subjected to said generator 114 of the refrigerating machine 100 and opening into the intermediate water loop 220 upstream of said exchanger 224 of the water loop intermediate 220, at a jack 234.
- the temperatures in the intermediate water loop 220 change, the flow rate can remain the same.
- the investment is lower; on the other hand, the operating conditions of the exchanger 224 on the client side are modified.
- anti-icing or de-icing
- de-icing allows when the outside temperature is too low (and the humidity too high) to reheat even when the turbine returns.
- said gas turbine further comprises a deicing system 240 forming a second cold source and the air supply pipe 210 is subjected to said second source of cold.
- the deicing system 240 comprises a water supply line 242 and a heat exchanger 244.
- the ejector 102 can use this exchanger 244 to cool the air when the temperatures are too high (and therefore when the defrosting system 240 is not currently used): the ejector 102 cools the passing water in this exchanger 244 of the defrosting system 240.
- the idea is to install the evaporator 108 of the refrigerating machine 100 on the pipe 242 of water.
- the water of this water supply pipe is "hot” in winter, in order to defrost the air of the pipe 210 and is cold (that is to say cooled by the refrigerating machine 100) in summer, when it's warmer
- FIG. 5 This configuration of FIG. 5 can of course be coupled with those previously described in FIGS. 2 to 4.
- an adjustable valve 300 (also called “diverter”) makes it possible to adjust the flow coming out of the exhaust pipe 212 on the chimneys 302 and 304.
- an adjustable valve 300 also called “diverter” makes it possible to adjust the flow coming out of the exhaust pipe 212 on the chimneys 302 and 304.
- no heat recovery is made in the first chimney 302 of which the fumes come out very hot, but with a flow rate that is often low in the exhaust pipe 312 of the first chimney 302.
- the heat recovery in particular for the cogeneration, is carried out in the second chimney 304 through the recovery boiler 222, with flow rates being higher.
- the fumes then come out warmer than those leaving the first chimney 302.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 illustrating several possible configurations for the implementation of the gas turbine installation according to the invention (100 and 200) within a heating network comprising a water loop dispenser 226 connected to an intermediate water loop 220 by a customer-side exchanger 224 and a recovery boiler 222.
- the exhaust pipe 212 comprises at least a first chimney 302 and a second chimney 304 for exhausting the flue gases, the second chimney being placed downstream of the first chimney with, between the first chimney 302 and the second chimney 302.
- the exhaust pipe 314 of the second chimney 304 passes firstly through the recovery boiler 222 which is placed on the intermediate water loop 220, downstream of the exchanger 224 on the client side.
- the exhaust pipe 212 comprises at least a first chimney 302 and a second chimney 304 for the exhaust of the fumes, the second chimney 304 being placed downstream of the first chimney 302. with, between the first chimney 302 and the second chimney 304, an exhaust regulating valve 300, and the fumes exiting the second chimney 304 through the exhaust pipe of the second chimney 314, passing through said recovery boiler 222.
- This application makes it possible to value the heat that is rarely used today (heat from gas turbines below 100 ° C), and to use it to increase the electric power produced by the turbine 206.
- the installation according to the present invention is accompanied by an optimal regulation allowing to operate all year round (that is to say whatever the external conditions and the electrical and thermal load constraints imposed on the turbine 206 ).
- the applicant has established a regulation, based on experimental results obtained on a prototype, which is based on taking into account the heat available in the fumes exiting the turbine. gas 200 through the exhaust pipe 212, a limitation of the minimum temperature of the air admitted to the inlet of the gas turbine 200 in the air supply pipe 210 (minimum value Tf depending on the conditions external) and an optimal operating model of the ejector system 100.
- the ejector system 100 is controlled through two variables: the speed of rotation V of the pump 112 and the degree of opening 0 of the expansion device 106 (solenoid valve).
- the objective of the control of the system is to cool as much as possible the air entering the turbine 206 (within the limits of the technical operating conditions of the turbine 206) by ensuring the best possible performance of the ejector system 100, and taking into account the constraints that are the ambient temperature Tamb and the heat available in the fumes CHdispo, either in the exhaust pipe 212 ( Figures 1 to 5), or at the outlet of the chimney 302 or 304 ( Figures 6 to 8) ), namely in the exhaust duct of the first chimney 312 or in the exhaust duct of the second chimney 314.
- a method for regulating a gas turbine installation in which a regulation of said refrigerating machine (ejector system 100 ) by regulating the speed V of said pump 112 and the opening level (O) of said expansion member 106, from a set temperature (TCair) for the air of said air supply line 210 located downstream of the cold source (Tf), namely at the inlet of the compressor 202, using a double PID regulator.
- a regulation of said refrigerating machine by regulating the speed V of said pump 112 and the opening level (O) of said expansion member 106, from a set temperature (TCair) for the air of said air supply line 210 located downstream of the cold source (Tf), namely at the inlet of the compressor 202, using a double PID regulator.
- a method of regulating a gas turbine installation in which regulation of said refrigerating machine 100 is carried out by regulating the speed V of said pump 112 and the opening level O of said expansion element 106, from a set temperature (TCair) for the air of said air supply pipe 210 situated downstream of the cold source (Tf), using an optimal and / or robust control multi-variable taking into account the ambient air temperature Tamb, the heat available in the CHdispo exhaust (energy in J or power in W) and the actual temperature of the air in the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (realized Tf). It is therefore an optimization of the input values of the ejector system 100.
- this type of ejector system 100 can be regulated for example by using a multi-variable control based on an operating model of this system.
- the regulation will then consist in an optimization of the input values (pump speed V 112 and opening O of the expansion device 106) by knowing the measured values of the output (cooled air temperature Tf achieved) and the stresses ( external temperature Tamb and heat available in CHdispo fumes).
- the optimization calculation consists of an inversion of the model chosen to represent the ejector system 100.
- This model can take different forms:
- This model can take the form of state equations.
- a deterministic model that is to say a set of equations (and a calculation algorithm) linking together the different parameters (notably realized Tf, Tamb, CHdispo, V and O .).
- This model is often expressed in the form of state equations.
- primary of said refrigerating machine 100 by regulating (with PIDs for example) the speed V of said pump 112 and the opening level 0 of said expansion member 106, from the setpoint of at least two primary control parameters selected among parameters of the refrigerating machine 100 comprising the temperature of the fluid during the change of state in the evaporator (Tevap), the temperature of the fluid during the change of state in the generator (Tg), the flow of fluid in the low pressure circuit (ml or primary flow), the fluid flow in the high pressure circuit (m2 or secondary flow), the difference (Lift) between the temperature at the change state condition in the condenser (Tcond) and during the change of state in the evaporator (Tevap) and the ratio between the fluid flow rate (ml) in the low pressure circuit 110 and the fluid flow rate (m2)
- Low level regulation allows to directly control the pump 112 (speed V) and the expansion member 106 (the opening level O of the expansion member 106, which is usually a valve).
- the outputs of the primary control are therefore control variables, in this case the speed of the pump 112 (V) and the opening level of the expansion member 106 (O).
- the definition of this primary regulation must include a model (simple) linking the quantities measured at the speed of the pump 106 (V) and the opening of the expansion member 106 (0).
- the "secondary” regulation makes it possible to calculate, using the measurements of the stresses imposed on the system comprising the gas turbine engine 200 and the refrigerating machine 100, the "primary" regulation instructions.
- FIG. 12 shows a variant of the third embodiment of the second aspect, in which the secondary regulation regulating system is a PID regulator system based on a set temperature (TCair) for the air of said air supply line 210 located downstream of the cold source, namely at the inlet of the compressor 202.
- TCair set temperature
- Outputs refers to the results obtained, which serve here as reference for the regulation of the ejector (primary regulation).
- the secondary regulating system comprises a first mathematical model of the ejector system 100 which supplies the setpoint of the fluid flow at the generator output (optimal ml) from a first series of quantities including the temperature of the ambient air Tamb.
- the first model calculates the optimal point, that is to say without any constraint taken into account. Its only input is the outside temperature Tamb (or the condensing temperature of the water that depends directly on the outside temperature Tamb).
- the secondary regulation further comprises a third mathematical model of the ejector system (100), called the “ejector model 3", located downstream of the first mathematical model of the ejector system called “model of the ejector 1", which provides a variety of information on the optimal operating point of the installation from a third set of magnitudes including the actual air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (Tf achieved) and the set temperature (TCair) for the air of said air supply line 210 calculated by the first mathematical model.
- a third mathematical model of the ejector system 100
- model 3 located downstream of the first mathematical model of the ejector system
- model of the ejector 1 which provides a variety of information on the optimal operating point of the installation from a third set of magnitudes including the actual air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (Tf achieved) and the set temperature (TCair) for the air of said air supply line 210 calculated by the first mathematical model.
- a control calculation for example a PID
- a control calculation is added to the output of the first model of the ejector, which takes into account the difference between the actual air temperature of the air supply line. (210) at the inlet of the compressor (202) after cooling (Tf achieved) and the set temperature (TCair) calculated by the first mathematical model.
- the secondary regulating regulating system further takes into account the humidity of the ambient air Hamb to determine the minimum value of the air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor (Tf minimum) and the regulating system of the secondary regulation further comprises a third mathematical model of the ejector system 100 which provides several information on the optimal operating point of the installation from a third series of quantities including the actual air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the compressor inlet (Tf achieved) and the minimum acceptable air temperature at the turbine inlet 206 (TARmin).
- the third model calculates the operation of the system taking into account the air cooling limit temperature (which can be fixed or calculated) or more generally the minimum acceptable air temperature at the inlet of the turbine (TARmin) .
- Its input data are: the operation of the ejector system 100 without this constraint (therefore the result of the first model and in particular the cooled air temperature reached according to the operating point of the first model of the ejector is Tf achieved) and the air cooling limit temperature TARmin.
- the secondary regulating system also takes into account quantities representative of the exhaust gases (such as inlet temperature and / or flow rate and / or heat capacity) and furthermore comprises a second mathematical model of the ejector system 100, called "Ejector model 2", which provides an optimal value of the air temperature of the air supply line at the compressor inlet (optimal Tf), from a second series of quantities comprising the heat available in the exhaust gases (CHdispo), the temperature of the fluid in the condenser (Tcond) and the flow rate of fluid at the generator outlet (ml achieved).
- quantities representative of the exhaust gases such as inlet temperature and / or flow rate and / or heat capacity
- the second mathematical model calculates the second point of operation of the system taking into account the available heat in the CHdispo exhaust. Its input data are: the operation of the ejector system 100 without this constraint (hence the result of the first model) and the heat available in the exhaust gas (CHdispo) (exhaust pipe 212). To do this, we perform upstream of this second mathematical model, the comparison between the heat consumed at the first point of operation of the system, with the maximum possible power, namely the heat actually available in the exhaust gases (fumes) CHdispo.
- a method of regulating a gas turbine installation as described above, in which the regulating system of the secondary regulation further comprises a third mathematical model of the ejector system (100), located downstream of the second mathematical model of the ejector system, which provides several information on the optimal operating point of the installation from a third series of quantities including the actual air temperature of the air supply line (210) at the inlet of the compressor (202) (Tf achieved) and the set temperature (TCair) for the air of said air supply line 210 calculated by the first mathematical model.
- a control calculation for example a PID
- a control calculation is added to the output of the second model of the ejector, which takes into account the difference between the actual air temperature of the air supply line. (210) at the compressor inlet (202) after cooling (realized Tf) and the set temperature (TCair) calculated by the second mathematical model.
- the secondary regulating regulating system further takes into account a minimum predetermined temperature value of the air of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (minimum Tf fixed) and the maximum between said optimum value of the air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (optimal Tf) and a predetermined minimum value of the air temperature of the pipe 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (Tf minimum), said maximum being the largest value between optimal Tf and minimum Tf and forming the actual temperature of the air of driving supply air 210 to the inlet of the compressor 202 (Tf achieved), and wherein the secondary regulating regulator system further comprises a third mathematical model of the ejector system 100 which provides several information on the optimal operating point of the installation from a third series of quantities
- TARmin Tf minimum and corresponds to the air temperature after cooling by the ejector system (refrigerating machine 100): in effect TARmin is the minimum cooled air temperature acceptable at the input of the turbine 206 and minimum Tf is the minimum predetermined value of the air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202.
- the second mathematical model calculates the first operating point of the system taking into account the available heat CHdispo. Its input data are: the operation of the ejector system 100 without this constraint (hence the result of the first model) and the heat available in them in the exhaust (CHdispo) (exhaust pipe 212). To do this, it is performed upstream of this second mathematical model, the comparison between the heat consumed at the first operating point of the system, with the maximum possible power, namely the heat actually available in the exhaust gas (fumes) CHdispo .
- the secondary regulation regulating system furthermore takes into account the humidity of the ambient air Hamb to determine the minimum value of the air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (minimum Tf) and the maximum between said optimum value of the air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of the compressor 202 (optimal Tf) and a predetermined minimum value of the air temperature of the air supply line 210 at the inlet of compressor 202 (minimum fixed Tf), said maximum being the largest value between Tf and optimal Tf and forming the actual air temperature of the air supply line 210 to the inlet of the compressor 202 (Tf achieved), and wherein the secondary regulating regulator system further comprises a third model mathematical system of the ejector system 100 which provides several information on the optimal operating point of the installation from a third series of quantities including the actual air temperature of the
- the second mathematical model calculates the second operating point of the system taking into account the available heat CHdispo. Its input data are: the operation of the ejector system 100 without this constraint (hence the result of the first model) and the heat available in the exhaust gas (CHdispo) (exhaust pipe 212). To do this, it is performed upstream of this second mathematical model, the comparison between the heat consumed at the first operating point of the system, with the maximum possible power, namely the heat actually available in the exhaust gas (fumes) CHdispo .
- a method for regulating a gas turbine installation as described above, in said information on the optimal operating point of the the installation comprises at least one of the fluid flow rate at the outlet of the evaporator 108 (m2 produced), the ratio (w) between the fluid flow rate at the outlet of the evaporator 108 (m2 produced) and the flow rate of generator output fluid 114 (ml produced), the evaporator state change temperature 108 (Tevap), the difference (Lift) between the condenser state change temperature 104 (Tcond) and the temperature of the change of state of the evaporator 108 (Tevap), the pressure at the generator 114 (Pg) and the pressure at the evaporator 108 (Pevap).
- the second mathematical model calculates the second point of operation of the system taking into account the heat available CHdispo. Its input data are: the operation of the ejector system 100 without this constraint (hence the result of the first model) and the heat available in them in the exhaust (CHdispo) (exhaust pipe 212). To do this, it is performed upstream of this second mathematical model, the comparison between the heat consumed at the first operating point of the system, with the maximum possible power, namely the heat actually available in the exhaust gas (fumes) CHdispo , and
- the third model placed downstream of the second model, calculates the operation of the system taking into account the air cooling limit temperature (which can be fixed or calculated) or more generally the minimum air temperature acceptable to the inlet of the turbine (TARmin). Its input data are: the operation of the ejector system 100 with the actual heat stress available in the CHdispo exhaust gas (hence the result of the second model) and the TARmin air cooling limit temperature.
- a method for regulating a gas turbine installation as previously described according to the fourth embodiment of the second aspect, in which the secondary regulating system furthermore takes into account a predetermined minimum air temperature value of the air supply line at the inlet of the compressor (minimum T f) and in which the secondary regulating regulating system comprises in addition a third mathematical model of the ejector system 100Q which provides several information on the optimal operating point of the installation from a third series of quantities including the actual temperature of the air of the air supply line to the compressor inlet (Tf achieved) and the minimum acceptable air temperature at the inlet of the turbine (TARmi not).
- the third model calculates the operation of the system taking into account the air cooling limit temperature (which can be fixed or calculated) or more generally the minimum acceptable air temperature at the inlet of the turbine (TARmin) .
- Its input data is: the operation of the ejector system 100 without this constraint (therefore the result of the first model or the second model and in particular the cooled air temperature reached according to the operating point of the first model of the ejector is Tf achieved) and the cooling limit temperature of air TARmin.
- the constraints are taken into account via a comparison between the operating points previously calculated and the constraint.
- the second model it will be verified whether the heat consumed by the ejector system 100 without constraints (therefore the result of the first model) is less than the available heat CHdispo. Otherwise, we will restrict the operation of the system to reduce heat consumption: the stress will be exerted first on the primary flow ml.
- two setpoint variables are used: one on the generator side 114 and one on the evaporator side 108.
- Tevap and Tg two temperatures
- Pevap and Pg two pressures
- flow rates ml and m2
- the lift (Tcond - Tevap) and the training rate (w m2 / ml) are "performance indicators" which, when used together, contain enough information to serve as set variables.
- said third mathematical model of the ejector system (100) is corrected by adding to the optimal operating point of installing the difference between the actual air temperature of the air supply line (210) to the compressor inlet (202) after cooling (realized Tf) and the set temperature (TCair) calculated by the third mathematical model and taking into account the minimum acceptable air temperature at the inlet of the turbine (206) (TAR min).
- This additional closed-loop arrangement makes it possible to correct the regulations described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 18 which, without these elements represented in dotted lines, have the particularity of being in an open loop: that is to say that it There is no return of the actual operation of the installation according to the first aspect of the invention and formed of the gas turbine unit 200 and the refrigerating machine 100.
- this additional arrangement prevents a drift on the system or that the first mathematical model and / or the second mathematical model of the refrigerating machine 100 forming the ejector system is (are) (or becomes (are)) mis-calibrated (s), and thus errors in the regulation, by which one can reach the desired operating point.
- the heat capacity of the dry air is constant with the temperature
- the cost of the ejector system is linear with the cold power to be supplied
- the electrical consumption of the ejector is linear with the cooling power supplied,
- the power loss of the turbine due to the pressure drop in the evaporator depends on the cooling performed and the power of the turbine,
- the airflow to be cooled is linear with the consumption of natural gas
- the system is regulated according to the method described previously with reference to FIG.
- the performance of the system depends little on external conditions: the system is efficient whatever the climate considered. Indeed, the performances of the system (in particular COP or coefficient of thermal and electric performance remain fairly constant for all external conditions (thanks to the optimal regulation applied) .
- the differences of gain of electric power are more due to the potential gain related to the climate the performance of the system itself: any CTIAC system is more interesting in a hot climate than in a cold climate.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1350936A FR3001768B1 (fr) | 2013-02-04 | 2013-02-04 | Installation a turbine a gaz et procede de regulation de ladite installation |
| PCT/EP2014/052105 WO2014118384A1 (fr) | 2013-02-04 | 2014-02-04 | Installation a turbine a gaz et procede de regulation de ladite installation. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2951420A1 true EP2951420A1 (fr) | 2015-12-09 |
Family
ID=48521161
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14703056.3A Withdrawn EP2951420A1 (fr) | 2013-02-04 | 2014-02-04 | Installation a turbine a gaz et procede de regulation de ladite installation. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150369129A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2951420A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3001768B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2015133940A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014118384A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016148008A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Procédé de refroidissement d'air d'admission, dispositif de refroidissement d'air d'admission exécutant ledit procédé, et installation de récupération de chaleur perdue et installation de turbine à gaz comprenant chacune ledit dispositif de refroidissement d'air d'admission |
| US11015534B2 (en) | 2018-11-28 | 2021-05-25 | General Electric Company | Thermal management system |
| CN109944649B (zh) * | 2019-03-05 | 2020-05-22 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | 一种自深度冷却动力循环方法及系统 |
| RU2724094C1 (ru) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-06-19 | Закрытое акционерное общество Научно-производственное внедренческое предприятие "Турбокон" | Газотурбинная установка |
| CN113834111B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2023-07-14 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | 一种天然气分布式能源系统的控制方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB611768A (en) * | 1946-05-07 | 1948-11-03 | Thomas Walter Falconer Brown | Improvements in or relating to gas turbines |
| US3796045A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1974-03-12 | Turbo Dev Inc | Method and apparatus for increasing power output and/or thermal efficiency of a gas turbine power plant |
| US4237689A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1980-12-09 | Sampietro Achilles C | Internal combustion engines |
| US4437313A (en) * | 1981-11-09 | 1984-03-20 | General Electric Company | HRSG Damper control |
| US5003782A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1991-04-02 | Zoran Kucerija | Gas expander based power plant system |
| US5809943A (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 1998-09-22 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Device for precontrolling the feedwater of a cooling-air temperature controller for a cooling-air cooler |
| JP3561772B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-12 | 2004-09-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ガスタービン吸気冷却システム |
| US6769258B2 (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2004-08-03 | Tom L. Pierson | System for staged chilling of inlet air for gas turbines |
| CN100466891C (zh) * | 2002-01-29 | 2009-03-04 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | 用于机箱冷却的方法和系统 |
| EP2253807A1 (fr) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-11-24 | Vítkovice Power Engineering a.s. | Cycle d'une turbine à gaz ou d'une installation gaz-vapeur pour la production d'électricité à partir de carburants solides et à partir de chaleur résiduelle |
| CA2671914A1 (fr) | 2009-07-13 | 2011-01-13 | Zine Aidoun | Systeme de pompe a jet pour gestion de la chaleur et du froid, appareillage, montage et methodes d'utilisation |
| SE534872C2 (sv) * | 2010-04-26 | 2012-01-31 | Scania Cv Ab | Arrangemang för att kyla komprimerad luft och/eller återcirkulerande avgaser som leds till en förbränningsmotor |
| US20110289953A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-01 | Gerald Allen Alston | Thermally Enhanced Cascade Cooling System |
| US20130199202A1 (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-08 | General Electric Company | System and method for gas turbine inlet air heating |
-
2013
- 2013-02-04 FR FR1350936A patent/FR3001768B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-02-04 EP EP14703056.3A patent/EP2951420A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-02-04 US US14/764,987 patent/US20150369129A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-02-04 WO PCT/EP2014/052105 patent/WO2014118384A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-02-04 RU RU2015133940A patent/RU2015133940A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014118384A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150369129A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
| FR3001768B1 (fr) | 2016-08-26 |
| WO2014118384A1 (fr) | 2014-08-07 |
| RU2015133940A (ru) | 2017-03-10 |
| FR3001768A1 (fr) | 2014-08-08 |
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