EP2966355A1 - Vorheizeinheit, zylinderkopf, kolbenmotor und luftfahrzeug - Google Patents

Vorheizeinheit, zylinderkopf, kolbenmotor und luftfahrzeug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2966355A1
EP2966355A1 EP15172122.2A EP15172122A EP2966355A1 EP 2966355 A1 EP2966355 A1 EP 2966355A1 EP 15172122 A EP15172122 A EP 15172122A EP 2966355 A1 EP2966355 A1 EP 2966355A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
cylinder head
thread
end zone
sheath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15172122.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2966355B1 (de
Inventor
Pierre-Julien Hubert
Romain Clair
Christian Mercier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Helicopters SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Helicopters SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Helicopters SAS filed Critical Airbus Helicopters SAS
Publication of EP2966355A1 publication Critical patent/EP2966355A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2966355B1 publication Critical patent/EP2966355B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a preheating assembly, a cylinder head equipped with this assembly, a piston engine equipped with such a cylinder head and an aircraft.
  • the invention is therefore in the restricted technical field of preheating devices of a piston engine, and in particular a diesel engine. More particularly, the invention is in the technical field of aircraft equipped with a compression ignition piston engine.
  • an aircraft may comprise at least one rotor to at least partially ensure its lift and / or propulsion.
  • This rotor is then rotated by a power plant comprising at least one motor.
  • This engine can be a piston engine.
  • a piston engine usually comprises a motor unit accommodating one cylinder per piston, each piston sliding in a cylinder. Each cylinder is then closed by a cylinder head.
  • the operation of a diesel engine is based on the self-ignition of a fuel in a combustion chamber filled with compressed air at a high temperature. As a result, the air must reach a minimum temperature at the end of compression to cause ignition of the fuel.
  • a diesel engine may include a preheating system.
  • Water heating systems are designed to completely heat an engine.
  • Another system is to implement a glow plug per cylinder.
  • a glow plug comprises successively a connection tip, a body and a heating pencil.
  • a heating filament is further inserted into the pencil by being connected to the connection tip.
  • the glow plug passes through the cylinder head to open into the combustion chamber.
  • the body of the glow plug thus has a thread screwed to a thread of the cylinder head.
  • the body has a conical seat pressed against a conical seat of the cylinder head to ensure the tightness of the assembly.
  • the heating rod is advantageously positioned at least partially in the combustion chamber so as to be impacted by the flow of fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
  • connection tip An electric current is then applied to the connection tip to heat the glow plug rod through the heating filament.
  • the pencil generates the creation of a hot spot in the combustion chamber allowing the ignition of the mixture of air and fuel. Therefore, the glow plug allows the cold start of a diesel piston engine.
  • the implementation of a glow plug avoids the arrangement of a complex and bulky heating system.
  • a cylinder head is also equipped with intake and exhaust gas valves, as well as fuel injectors.
  • the location of the thread of a given glow plug can make its arrangement in a cylinder head difficult.
  • a manufacturer can then consider developing a new candle adapted to the new cylinder head.
  • the development of a new candle is particularly expensive. This development is all the more expensive in the context of an aircraft to the extent that an aircraft and in particular a rotorcraft is generally produced in small quantities compared to the number of copies produced for an automobile for example.
  • the present invention is then to go against this prejudice by proposing an alternative preheating assembly.
  • the invention relates to a preheating assembly of a piston engine of an aircraft, the arrangement of such a piston engine on an aircraft giving rise to specific difficulties.
  • a preheating assembly is intended for a piston engine cylinder head, this preheating assembly being provided with a glow plug having successively a connecting end then a body and a heating pencil, the body having an end lower part forming a first conical seat and an upper end comprising a first thread.
  • This preheating assembly comprises a hollow sleeve extending longitudinally from a lower extremal zone to an upper extremal zone, said sleeve extending radially from an inner surface delimiting a cavity towards an external surface, said glow plug being inserted into said cavity, said pencil protruding from said sheath through the lower extremal zone, the inner surface of the sheath having in the upper extremal zone a second thread engaged with the first thread of the glow plug, the inner surface of the sheath having in the lower extremity zone a first conical seat bearing against the first conical seat of the glow plug, the outer surface of the lower end zone having a third thread adapted to be screwed to a fourth thread of a cylinder head and a second conical seat intended for to be in support against a second if of a breech.
  • This preheating assembly therefore comprises a glow plug and a sleeve, this glow plug can be a conventional candle commercially available.
  • a candle is arranged directly in a cylinder head. This simple arrangement of a Glow plug can be tricky or impossible. The state of the art then tends to encourage the skilled person either to implement a heating system of another type, or to develop a new candle.
  • the invention goes against this prejudice by implementing a sleeve in which the candle is inserted.
  • the sheath is provided with a thread called “second thread” for screwing the candle into the sheath.
  • a support of the tapered seat of the candle called “first conical seat” against an inner conical seat of the sheath called “first conical seat” ensures sealing within the sheath.
  • a builder then adapts the position of the second thread and the first conical seat to the shape of the glow plug to use.
  • This glow plug can be a classic candle with a metal body and a metal or ceramic heating rod.
  • the sheath is screwed onto the lower part of the cylinder head on the side closest to the combustion chamber through a thread of the sleeve called "third thread".
  • the sleeve comprises a conical sealing surface for sealing between the cylinder head and the preheating assembly.
  • the preheating assembly forms a sealed assembly ensuring a seal to the combustion gases from the combustion chamber accommodating the glow plug.
  • This preheating assembly then represents a relatively simple assembly with reduced mass compared to preheating systems without glow plug.
  • this assembly allows the arrangement of a glow plug in a cylinder head not provided for this purpose.
  • a breech of a new type comprises a bottom flange for closing at least one cylinder.
  • the cylinder head further comprises an upper portion attached to the top of the lower sole.
  • Such a cylinder head makes it possible to use a bottom plate made of a material that is very resistant to temperature and a lightened upper part.
  • a standard candle may not be mounted directly in a relatively thin lower sole.
  • This preheating assembly may further include one or more additional features that follow.
  • the sleeve is for example made of steel to ensure good temperature insulation and good mechanical strength.
  • the sheath and / or the candle comprise a brake wire to optimize their fixation.
  • the mounting of the candle or sheath can thus be braked by a brake wire type device or equivalent.
  • the upper end zone of the sleeve may comprise a clamping means.
  • a clamping means may comprise a hexagonal head for example.
  • the invention is directed to a cylinder head for a piston engine for covering at least one cylinder.
  • This cylinder head has a lower soleplate for covering at least one cylinder of the engine and a top layer resting on the lower sole.
  • the cylinder head comprises at least one preheating assembly of the type described above, the lower soleplate having a lower through orifice intended to open onto a combustion chamber and said upper layer having a through upper orifice opening on a medium outside the cylinder head and on the lower orifice.
  • the sleeve is inserted into the lower orifice and the upper orifice, this sleeve being screwed to the lower sole, the third thread of the sleeve being screwed to a fourth thread of the lower sole and the second conical bearing surface of the sleeve bearing against a second seat of the lower flange, the pencil protruding from the cylinder head via the lower orifice of said lower flange.
  • the lower hole of the cylinder head is described as "through” to the extent that this hole passes right through the bottom flange according to its thickness.
  • the state of the art comprises a conventional cylinder head provided with a glow plug mounted directly in the cylinder head.
  • Such a candle does not seem to be able to be mounted in a cylinder head provided with a thin bottom sole surmounted by a top layer.
  • the upper layer may in particular comprise a material having a reduced mass, conducting the heat and able to be manufactured at a lower cost such as an aluminum alloy.
  • the lower sole may comprise a material that degrades little with temperature such as steel.
  • the invention makes it possible to remedy this by proposing a sheath that can be anchored in the bottom flange.
  • the seal between the preheating assembly and the cylinder head is made in the lower soleplate, which avoids a problem of gas leakage between the lower flange and the upper layer.
  • the cylinder head may comprise an O-ring arranged between the bottom flange and the upper layer, this O-ring being arranged around the sheath.
  • An O-ring is then optionally placed at the interface between the lower flange and the upper layer of the yoke around the sheath. This seal makes it possible to isolate the lower orifice and the upper orifice of water chambers for example. The O-ring thus prevents water leaks in the combustion chambers.
  • the yoke may have a clearance separating the upper layer of the sheath.
  • the sleeve passes through the upper layer of the cylinder head without requiring the use of sealing means, sealing being provided at the bottom sole.
  • this sheath is not in contact with the upper layer because of the presence of a clearance allowing the expansion of the sheath and / or the upper layer.
  • This game also limits the heat transfer from the glow plug to the upper layer.
  • the cylinder head having at least one air intake duct for conveying air to a combustion chamber and at least one gas exhaust duct for expelling gases from the combustion chamber. 'together Preheating is closer to the intake channel than the exhaust channel.
  • the mounting of the sheath and the glow plug is preferably performed on the side of the intake channels of the cylinder head, this side representing the less hot side of the cylinder head.
  • the invention is a piston engine provided with a motor unit housing at least one cylinder.
  • This engine then comprises at least one yoke of the type described above.
  • the invention is an aircraft equipped with such a motor.
  • the figure 1 presents a local cut of a motor 5 of an aircraft 1.
  • This engine 5 is a piston engine provided with an engine block 8. At least one cylinder 6 delimits a combustion chamber 7 within the engine block 8.
  • the engine 5 comprises at least one cylinder head 10 for closing off at least one cylinder 6.
  • this cylinder head 10 has air intake and exhaust gas channels that are not visible on the cylinder. figure 1 . These air intake and gas exhaust channels are in fluid communication with the combustion chamber 7.
  • This cylinder head is further provided with a lower soleplate 11 resting on a cylinder 6 to close the combustion chamber 7.
  • the cylinder head has an upper layer 12 which rests on the lower soleplate.
  • the lower flange 11 may have a thickness EP1 lower than the thickness EP2 of the upper layer.
  • the bottom flange 11 has a thickness of about one centimeter.
  • the lower sole 11 may comprise a material distinct from the material constituting the upper layer.
  • the cylinder head may comprise a preheating unit 20 per covered cylinder to create a hot spot in the combustion chamber 7.
  • This preheating unit 20 comprises a glow plug 30 and a sleeve 40.
  • the candle 30 is a conventional candle which has a connecting end 31, a body 32 and a pencil 33.
  • a heating filament extends for example in the pencil 33 to heat the pencil 33 and in particular the tip 38 of the pencil 33.
  • the body 32 can be decomposed into a lower end 34 located in the extension of the pencil 33, and an upper end 36 extended by the connection tip.
  • the spark plug has successively in a longitudinal direction X1 from the combustion chamber 7 to an external environment EXT located outside the engine: the rod 33, the lower end 34 of the body, the upper end 36 of the body and the connection tip.
  • the lower end 34 of the body has a conical bearing.
  • This conical bearing is called “first taper 35" to be individually identified.
  • this first conical bearing surface 35 is positioned at the interface between the body 32 and the pencil.
  • first thread 37 is downstream of the first conical bearing surface with respect to the longitudinal direction X1.
  • the preheating assembly comprises a hollow sleeve 40.
  • This sleeve 40 is thus interposed between the spark plug 30 and the cylinder head 10. Indeed, the spark plug 30 is screwed into the sleeve 40, this sleeve 40 being screwed into the cylinder head 10.
  • the sheath is provided with a casing extending in the longitudinal direction X1 of a lower extremal zone 41 towards an upper extremal zone 42.
  • lower extremal zone 41 the section of the sheath extending in the lower sole 11
  • zone upper extremal 42 the section of the sleeve extending into the upper layer 12 of the cylinder head.
  • the casing of the sleeve 40 extends radially from an inner surface 43 defining a cavity 60 to an outer surface 44 which is opposite the walls of the cylinder head.
  • the inner surface 43 of the sleeve 40 has a thread in the upper end zone 42. This thread is called “second thread 45" to be individually identified.
  • This inner surface 43 of the sheath 40 also has in the lower end zone 41 a first conical seat 46.
  • the first conical seat 46 is upstream of the second thread 45 with respect to the longitudinal direction X1.
  • outer surface 44 of the sheath has a thread at the lower end zone 41 of this sheath. This thread is called “third thread 47" to be individually identified.
  • the outer surface 44 has a tapered seat at the lower end zone 41.
  • This tapered seat is referred to as the "second taper seat 48" to be individually identified.
  • the first conical seat 35 of the candle is in sealing engagement against the first conical seat 46 of the sheath.
  • the pencil 33 of the candle partially projects from the sheath 40.
  • the operator screws the sheath into the breech.
  • the operator can first screw the sheath into the breech, then the candle into the sheath.
  • the upper end zone 42 of the sleeve advantageously comprises a clamping means 80.
  • the yoke comprises a lower orifice 13 passing through the lower flange 11.
  • This lower orifice 13 can be broken down into a first portion 13 'having a wide section to accommodate the sleeve 40 and a second portion 13 "having a restricted section for simply to be crossed by the pencil 33.
  • the yoke has an upper orifice 14 passing through the upper layer 12.
  • the upper orifice 12 opens on the one hand into the external medium EXT and into the lower orifice 13, this lower orifice 13 opening further into the combustion chamber 7.
  • the sleeve 40 passes entirely through the upper orifice 12 to be screwed into the lower soleplate 11. Indeed, the third thread 47 of the sleeve 40 is screwed to the fourth thread 15 of the lower soleplate 11. In addition, the second span conical 48 of the sleeve 40 bears against the second seat 16 of the lower sole 11.
  • the pencil 33 then protrudes from the bolt 10 via the lower orifice 13 of said lower flange 11.
  • the preheating assembly may comprise at least one brake wire for holding in position the spark plug 30 and / or the sheath.
  • a brake wire 76 makes it possible to fix the upper end zone 42 of the sheath to the breech and / or a brake wire 77 makes it possible to fix the spark plug to the breech.
  • Other means equivalent to the brake wire may be used such as a "net brake glue".
  • the cylinder head has a set of expansion simply called "game 90" between the upper layer 12 of the cylinder head and the sleeve 40.
  • a sheath induces the presence of a dead volume 200 in the lower orifice in fluid communication. with the combustion chamber 7. This dead volume is then located in the first portion 13 'of the lower orifice, being between the end of the sleeve and the second portion 13 "of the lower orifice.
  • the yoke 10 may comprise an O-ring 95.
  • This O-ring 95 is arranged between the bottom flange 11 and the upper layer 12.
  • this O-ring 95 is arranged around the sleeve 40.
  • the cylinder head may define at least one air intake duct 18 for conveying air to the combustion chamber 7, and at least one gas exhaust duct 19 for expelling the gases from the combustion chamber 7 after combustion.
  • the breech can accommodate an injector 100.
  • the preheating unit 20 is favorably closer to the air intake duct 18 than to the gas exhaust duct 19.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP15172122.2A 2014-07-09 2015-06-15 Vorheizeinheit, zylinderkopf, kolbenmotor und luftfahrzeug Active EP2966355B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1401536A FR3023604B1 (fr) 2014-07-09 2014-07-09 Ensemble de prechauffage, culasse, moteur a pistons et aeronef

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2966355A1 true EP2966355A1 (de) 2016-01-13
EP2966355B1 EP2966355B1 (de) 2016-11-16

Family

ID=51726558

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15172122.2A Active EP2966355B1 (de) 2014-07-09 2015-06-15 Vorheizeinheit, zylinderkopf, kolbenmotor und luftfahrzeug

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9593661B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2966355B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2894922C (de)
FR (1) FR3023604B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2966355T3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109098910A (zh) * 2018-09-07 2018-12-28 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 一种辅助系统启动方法与装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE402977A (de)
FR1133786A (fr) 1954-10-29 1957-04-02 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Perfectionnements aux bougies à incandescence pour moteur à combustion interne
DE3928105A1 (de) 1988-09-03 1990-03-15 Volkswagen Ag Gluehvorsatz fuer eine kraftstoffeinspritzduese
FR2894724A1 (fr) 2005-12-08 2007-06-15 Renault Sas Dispositif pour l'indexation angulaire d'une bougie de moteur a combustion
FR2998949A1 (fr) 2012-12-04 2014-06-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Bougie de prechauffage de moteur diesel

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3911930B2 (ja) * 1999-10-28 2007-05-09 株式会社デンソー 燃焼圧センサ付きグロープラグ
US7115836B2 (en) * 2004-06-29 2006-10-03 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glow plug
DE102005021229A1 (de) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze mit Brennraumdrucksensor
FR2948420B1 (fr) * 2009-07-24 2012-02-17 Alain Maurice Ange Magagnini Procede de reduction de la consommation et des emissions polluantes d'un moteur froid a allumage commande et a carburant liquide

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE402977A (de)
FR1133786A (fr) 1954-10-29 1957-04-02 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Perfectionnements aux bougies à incandescence pour moteur à combustion interne
DE3928105A1 (de) 1988-09-03 1990-03-15 Volkswagen Ag Gluehvorsatz fuer eine kraftstoffeinspritzduese
FR2894724A1 (fr) 2005-12-08 2007-06-15 Renault Sas Dispositif pour l'indexation angulaire d'une bougie de moteur a combustion
FR2998949A1 (fr) 2012-12-04 2014-06-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Bougie de prechauffage de moteur diesel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109098910A (zh) * 2018-09-07 2018-12-28 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 一种辅助系统启动方法与装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2966355B1 (de) 2016-11-16
US20160010617A1 (en) 2016-01-14
CA2894922A1 (fr) 2016-01-09
FR3023604A1 (fr) 2016-01-15
PL2966355T3 (pl) 2017-03-31
US9593661B2 (en) 2017-03-14
CA2894922C (fr) 2016-08-23
FR3023604B1 (fr) 2016-07-01

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