EP2976157A2 - Dispositif de réduction de matière - Google Patents

Dispositif de réduction de matière

Info

Publication number
EP2976157A2
EP2976157A2 EP14770671.7A EP14770671A EP2976157A2 EP 2976157 A2 EP2976157 A2 EP 2976157A2 EP 14770671 A EP14770671 A EP 14770671A EP 2976157 A2 EP2976157 A2 EP 2976157A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor assembly
breaker
blocks
cutting tools
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14770671.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2976157A4 (fr
EP2976157B1 (fr
Inventor
Arnold Neil Peterson
Glenn Ford Bittrolf
Bradly Michael DEUERLING
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Astec Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Astec Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astec Industries Inc filed Critical Astec Industries Inc
Publication of EP2976157A2 publication Critical patent/EP2976157A2/fr
Publication of EP2976157A4 publication Critical patent/EP2976157A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2976157B1 publication Critical patent/EP2976157B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to machines for use in reducing various materials, especially those obtained in a structural demolition process so that such materials can be more conveniently transported from a demolition site. More particularly, this invention is particularly useful in reducing railroad ties containing or contaminated with metal tie plates and spikes.
  • Material reducing machines are well-known for use in connection with the demolition of a house or other structure.
  • Such machines typically include a conveyor for moving debris such as wood, siding, roofing materials and even appliances such as water heaters toward a rotating drum having tools thereon which is contained within a housing having an anvil bar located in close proximity to the free ends of the rotating drum tools.
  • the tools of the rotating drum carry material into contact with the anvil bar where it is broken into smaller pieces.
  • a plurality of screen sections are located adjacent to and downstream of the anvil bar so that further rotation of the drum causes partially reduced material to be further reduced by successive impacts of the tools of the rotating drum until it will pass through the apertures in one or another of the screens.
  • Known material-reducing machines may not be suitable for use in reducing all types of materials, particularly if there is the possibility that an object which cannot be reduced, such as a large dense metal component or fragment, or a railroad tie that contains metal tie plates and spikes, can be introduced into the machine.
  • Some machines include shear pins that will break when an object that cannot be reduced is introduced, thereby allowing a portion of the machine housing to pivot or otherwise move so as to enlarge the opening through which the object can pass.
  • operator intervention is required when a pin shears to get the machine back into operating order.
  • known material-reducing machines may not efficiently reduce fibrous materials like roofing shingles, because it may require multiple impacts of such materials against the anvil to provide acceptable reduction.
  • some of the prior art machines may fail to produce uniformly shaped smaller pieces. Some types of materials tend to break in elongated shapes in the prior art machines, and these elongated shapes may be difficult to handle or transport, and may therefore be generally undesirable. When these elongated shapes are able to pass through the screen sections of the prior art machines along with more uniformly sized particles, they may contaminate the resulting product with pieces of an undesirable size.
  • prior art machines are not readily adaptable to processing different types of materials.
  • containing are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted.
  • the terms “substantially”, “generally” and other words of degree are relative modifiers intended to indicate permissible variation from the characteristic so modified.
  • the use of such terms in describing a physical or functional characteristic of the invention is not intended to limit such characteristic to the absolute value which the term modifies, but rather to provide an approximation of the value of such physical or functional characteristic. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise specified herein or clearly indicated by context.
  • material reducing machine refers to a machine that is adapted to cut, chop, shred, break or otherwise reduce material into smaller pieces.
  • lower when used in reference to a relative position or direction on or with respect to a material reducing machine, or a component or portion of such a machine, refer to a relative position or direction that is nearer the surface on which the material reducing machine is placed for operation.
  • horizontal when used in reference to a plane that includes the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly of a material reducing machine, refers to a plane that is generally parallel to the surface on which the material reducing machine is placed for operation.
  • front end and similar terms refer to the end of a material reducing machine, or a component or portion of such a machine, which is nearest the point at which material to be reduced is introduced into the machine.
  • forward in front of, and similar terms, as used herein to describe a relative position or direction on or in connection with a material reducing machine or a component of such a machine, refer to a relative position or direction towards the front end of the machine.
  • back end refers to the end of a material reducing machine, or a component or portion of such a machine, which is farther from the front end of the machine, component or portion thereof.
  • leading in connection with a cutting tool that is mounted on the rotor assembly of a material reducing machine, or in connection with a shear block or breaker block that is a part of the breaker assembly of a material reducing machine, refers to the outer edge of the cutting bit of the cutting tool that approaches the shear block or breaker block of the adjacent breaker assembly as the rotor assembly rotates, or to the outer edge or surface of the shear block or breaker block of the breaker assembly that is first encountered by material carried by the cutting tools that are mounted on the adjacent rotor as the rotor assembly rotates.
  • long refers to the cutting tools having a longer outward radial projection from the axis of rotation than the "short" cutting tools.
  • short refers to the cutting tools having a shorter outward radial projection from the axis of rotation than the "long" cutting tools.
  • downstream refers to a relative position in the direction of the movement of material to be reduced through the machine.
  • upstream refers to a relative position in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the movement of material to be reduced through the machine.
  • the invention comprises a material reducing machine having a frame and a rotor assembly which is mounted for rotation with respect to the frame.
  • Mounted on the rotor assembly are a plurality of cutting tools, each of which includes a cutting bit thereon.
  • the cutting tools are arranged in rows that extend across the length of the rotor assembly (i.e., across the width of the frame of the machine), and rows of cutting tools are spaced around the periphery of the rotor assembly. Some of the cutting tools are long cutting tools and some are short cutting tools.
  • the machine also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly is located adjacent to the rotor assembly and includes a back plate and a plurality of shear blocks.
  • the breaker assembly includes a plurality of breaker blocks.
  • the shear blocks extend towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than the optional breaker blocks, and the cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks are arranged so that the long cutting tools are aligned with the breaker blocks and the short cutting tools are aligned with the shear blocks.
  • the shear blocks may be configured differently in order to accommodate different materials being processed or different operating conditions.
  • the shear blocks may have a beveled leading edge, an angled leading edge or a flat leading edge.
  • the shear blocks may have an outer surface that is interrupted by notches or grooves, or the outer surface may be smooth.
  • the shear blocks have a leading surface that comprises a slide angle of greater than 100°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly. In other embodiments of the invention, the shear blocks have a leading surface that comprises a slip angle that is within the range of 80° - 100°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly. In still other embodiments of the invention, the shear blocks have a leading surface that comprises an anvil angle that is within the range of 50° - 80°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly.
  • the shear blocks have a leading surface that comprises a catch angle that is within the range of 40° - 50°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly.
  • each of the shear blocks has an outer surface that is curved to describe an arc that is generally parallel to the arc described by the leading edge of the short cutting tool with which it is aligned.
  • the shear blocks are mounted on the back plate of the breaker assembly, which allows an operator to maintain a plurality of back plates that can be easily and quickly interchanged, depending on the types of materials being processed.
  • the breaker blocks of the preferred embodiment may be configured differently in order to accommodate different materials being processed or different operating conditions.
  • the breaker assembly includes breaker blocks having an outer surface and a leading edge that forms a right angle or an approximate right angle with the outer surface.
  • the breaker blocks have a leading surface
  • an anvil is mounted upstream of the breaker assembly, and in other embodiments, there is no anvil.
  • the anvil is a part of the breaker assembly, and the breaker blocks are attached to the anvil.
  • a resistance and biasing mechanism is provided between the frame and the pivot shaft on which the pivot arm and the bypass arm carrying the breaker assembly are mounted. In this embodiment of the invention, a resistance and biasing mechanism is also provided between the frame and the bypass arm.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly including shear blocks comprising an anvil angle and breaker blocks having an outer surface and a leading edge that forms a right angle with the outer surface.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the breaker assembly shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a first alternative embodiment of the breaker assembly of the material reducing machine illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the embodiment of the breaker assembly of the material reducing machine illustrated in Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a second alternative embodiment of the breaker assembly of the material reducing machine illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that are configured to form a preferred slide angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the closed position.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that are configured to form a preferred slide angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the open position.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that are configured to form a preferred slip angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the closed position.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that that are configured to form a preferred slip angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the open position.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that that are configured to form a preferred slip angle, showing the inner radius of the shear blocks and the radii of the arcs of rotation of the leading edges of the short and long cutting tools mounted on the rotor assembly.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that that are configured to form a preferred anvil angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the closed position.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that that are configured to form a preferred anvil angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the open position.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that that are configured to form a preferred catch angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the closed position.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of shear blocks that that are configured to form a preferred catch angle, illustrating the breaker assembly in the open position.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of a material reducing machine having a breaker assembly with a plurality of breaker blocks that have a leading surface which gradually increases to a point of maximum outward projection from the back plate and a trailing surface that gradually decreases from the point of maximum outward projection, showing the inner radius of the breaker blocks and the radii of the arcs of rotation of the leading edges of the short and long cutting tools mounted on the rotor assembly.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of a material reducing machine, including a breaker assembly comprising a plurality of shear blocks, each of which is attached to the back plate, and each of which comprises an inner surface that is curved to describe an arc that is generally parallel to the arc described by the cutting bit of the short cutting tool with which it is aligned, and an anvil to which a plurality of breaker blocks are attached.
  • a breaker assembly comprising a plurality of shear blocks, each of which is attached to the back plate, and each of which comprises an inner surface that is curved to describe an arc that is generally parallel to the arc described by the cutting bit of the short cutting tool with which it is aligned, and an anvil to which a plurality of breaker blocks are attached.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of a portion of the material reducing machine shown in Figure 16.
  • Figure 18A is a front view of the anvil assembly that comprises a portion of the material reducing machine shown in Figures 16 and 17.
  • Figure 18B is a side view of the anvil assembly shown in Figure 18 A.
  • Figure 18C is a perspective view of the anvil assembly shown in Figures 18A and 18B.
  • Figure 19A is a front view of the back plate and shear blocks that comprise a portion of the material reducing machine shown in Figures 16 and 17.
  • Figure 19B is a perspective view of the back plate and shear blocks shown in Figure 19A.
  • material reducing machine 20 includes a generally horizontal material input device such as input conveyor 21.
  • Conveyor 21 is adapted to move material to be reduced in the direction indicated by arrow 22 toward rotor assembly 23.
  • the material input device may comprise a chute, and it may be placed with respect to the rotor assembly other than a generally horizontal orientation.
  • Rotor assembly 23 comprises a plurality of generally circular rotor plates, one of which, plate 24, is shown in Figure 1. Because of its generally circular rotor plates, rotor assembly has a generally cylindrical periphery 26. Rotor assembly 23 is adapted to rotate in a clockwise rotational direction, as shown in Figure 1, about its axis of rotation 28. Rotor assembly 23 comprises a plurality of short cutting tools comprising short tool holders 30 with cutting bits 32 mounted thereon and a plurality of long cutting tools comprising long tool holders 34 with
  • the cutting tools are arranged in rows that extend across the length of the rotor assembly (i.e., across the width of the frame of the machine), and rows of cutting tools are spaced around the periphery of the rotor assembly. Because of the location of input conveyor 21 with respect to rotor assembly 23 and the direction of rotation of rotor assembly 23, the cutting tools on rotor assembly 23 will make initial contact with material being introduced by the input conveyor in an upward (or up-cutting) direction. Consequently, as the rotor assembly is rotated, the tools will carry material from conveyor 21 upwardly and into engagement with a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • leading edges of cutting bits 32 of the short cutting tools mounted on rotor assembly 23 define an arc that is spaced outwardly from periphery 26 by a short cutter distance. A portion 38 of this arc is shown in Figure 1.
  • the leading edges of cutting bits 36 of the long cutting tools mounted on rotor assembly 23 define an arc that is spaced outwardly from periphery 26 by a long cutter distance which is greater than the short cutter distance.
  • a portion 40 of this arc is also shown in Figure 1.
  • the long cutting tools be arranged in rows that are parallel to the axis of rotation, which rows extend all the way across the length of the rotor assembly. It is also preferred that alternating rows of short cutting tools and long cutting tools be spaced equally around the periphery of the rotor assembly, so that each row of long cutting tools is adjacent a row of short cutting tools.
  • Material reducing machine 20 also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly includes a curved back plate 42 with a plurality of shear
  • the back plate includes a plurality of apertures through which reduced material may pass.
  • the shear blocks extend from the back plate towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than the breaker blocks, and the cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate are arranged so that the long cutting tools are aligned with breaker blocks 46 and the short cutting tools are aligned with shear blocks 44.
  • the cutting tools of the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks of the breaker assembly are arranged so that at least one short cutting tool 30 passes over a shear block 44 with which it is aligned, and at least one long cutting tool 34 passes between a pair of adjacent shear blocks 44 and over the breaker block 46 with which it is aligned. More particularly, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, it is preferred that the short cutting tools and the long cutting tools are spaced along the length of the rotor assembly, and the shear blocks and the breaker blocks are spaced along the back plate in such a manner that all of the short cutting tools pass over the curved outer surfaces 48 of shear blocks 44, and the long cutting tools pass between adjacent shear blocks 44 and over the breaker blocks 46.
  • the leading edges 50 of shear blocks 44 are beveled, as best shown in Figure 2.
  • Back plate 42 is a part of bypass arm 52, which is adapted to pivot about pivot axis 54 when non-crushable material encounters the breaker assembly.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a second embodiment of the breaker assembly.
  • the breaker assembly includes curved back plate 42 with a plurality of shear blocks 144 and breaker blocks 46 arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 42 that would be
  • shear blocks 144 would extend from back plate 42 towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than breaker blocks 46, and the cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate would be arranged so that the long cutting tools would be aligned with breaker blocks 46 and the short cutting tools would be aligned with shear blocks 144.
  • the short cutting tools would pass over the curved outer surfaces 148 of shear blocks 144, and the long cutting tools would pass between adjacent shear blocks 144.
  • the leading edges 150 of shear blocks 144 are angled.
  • FIG. 5 A third embodiment of the breaker assembly is illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the breaker assembly includes curved back plate 42 with a plurality of shear blocks 244 and breaker blocks 46 arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 42 that would be adjacent to rotor assembly 23 if this breaker assembly were substituted for the one shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • shear blocks 244 would extend from back plate 42 towards the rotor a greater distance than breaker blocks 46, and the cutting tools on the rotor and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate would be arranged so that the long cutting tools would be aligned with breaker blocks 46 and the short cutting tools would be aligned with shear blocks 244.
  • the short cutting tools would pass over the curved outer surfaces 248 of shear blocks 244, which surfaces include a plurality of notches 249.
  • the long cutting tools would pass between adjacent shear blocks 244.
  • the leading edges 250 of shear blocks 244 are flat.
  • Material reducing machine 20 includes compression roller 56 having ribs 58.
  • Compression roller 56 is mounted on pivot arm 60, which is mounted for rotation on pivot shaft 54.
  • Bypass arm 52 is also mounted for rotation on pivot shaft 54 in front of pivot arm 60 (as viewed in Figure 1), so that the bypass arm may pivot on pivot shaft 54 independently of pivot arm 60.
  • Collar 62 is provided on pivot shaft 54 so that a first resistance and biasing mechanism, such as spring 66, may be mounted between the frame 67 of machine 20 and collar 62 to provide for limited upward elastic movement of the pivot shaft to minimize the risk of damage or breakage of pivot shaft 54 caused by forces generated during operation of the reducing machine.
  • the weight and placement of pivot arm 60 and compression roller 56 cause the compression roller to urge material on conveyor 22 downwardly and towards rotor 24.
  • a second resistance and biasing mechanism such as spring 68, is mounted between the frame of the machine and rear end 70 of bypass arm 52 and adapted to urge the breaker assembly towards rotor assembly 23.
  • Material that is conveyed by input conveyor 22 to rotor assembly 23 will be carried by the rotor into contact with the breaker assembly, where it may be broken into smaller pieces by contact between the short cutting tools on rotor assembly 23 and the leading edges 50 and the upper surfaces 48 of shear blocks 44 and/or by the long cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the leading edges 72 and the outer surfaces 74 of breaker blocks 46.
  • breaker blocks 46 of the breaker assembly have an outer surface 74 and a leading edge 72 that forms a right angle or an approximate right angle with the outer surface.
  • the invention allows for operation of the material reducing machine at a wide range of rotational speeds. More particularly, the rotor assembly of the invention may be rotated about its axis of rotation at a rate within the range of 50-1000 RPM. The lower end of this range is outside the range at which conventional machines can be effectively operated.
  • the back plate of the invention is provided with apertures through which reduced material may pass (such as is shown in Figures 19A and 19B)
  • the invention allows for removal of one or more of screen sections 76, 78 and 80, so that some or all of the reduced material will pass through the apertures in the back plate and fall onto output conveyor 81.
  • a deflector plate 79 be installed along the length of rotor assembly 23 to deflect reduced material passing through the apertures in the back plate, thereby protecting output conveyor 81, especially when the output conveyor comprises a belt that can be torn or cut by reduced material.
  • shear blocks that can be formed in various configurations depending on the nature of the materials being processed by the material reducing
  • Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a portion of material reducing machine 100 having rotor assembly 123 on which are mounted short cutting tools 130 and long cutting tools 134.
  • Machine 100 also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor.
  • the breaker assembly includes a curved back plate 142 with a plurality of shear blocks 344 and breaker blocks (not shown) arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 142 adjacent to rotor assembly 123.
  • Shear blocks 344 include a leading surface 372.
  • Each of the shear blocks extends from the back plate towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than the breaker blocks, and the cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate are arranged so that the long cutting tools 134 are aligned with the breaker blocks and the short cutting tools 130 are aligned with shear blocks 344.
  • Back plate 142 is a part of bypass arm 152, as is anvil 153, and the bypass arm is adapted to rotate about pivot shaft 154.
  • the leading surfaces of the shear blocks comprise a slide angle of greater than 100°, preferably about 115°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis 128 of rotation of rotor assembly 123.
  • Shear blocks of this configuration present minimal resistance to the flow of materials within the machine, and they may be employed when it is anticipated that oversized materials are included among easily reducible materials on the input conveyor.
  • shear blocks including leading surfaces comprising a slide angle are employed and an object that cannot be reduced encounters the breaker assembly, the force of the impact of the object on the breaker assembly, either alone or in combination with the added impact forces imparted to the object by the tools on rotating rotor assembly 123, will cause bypass arm 152 to pivot on pivot shaft 154 from the closed position shown in Figure 6 to the open position shown in Figure 7. This will allow the oversized object to fall out of the machine
  • Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a portion of material reducing machine 200 having rotor assembly 223 on which are mounted short cutting tools 230 and long cutting tools 234.
  • Machine 200 also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly includes a curved back plate 242 with a plurality of shear blocks 444 and breaker blocks (not shown) arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 242 adjacent to rotor assembly 223.
  • Each of shear blocks 444 has a leading surface 472 and a trailing surface 476.
  • Shear blocks 444 extend from the back plate towards the rotor a greater distance than the breaker blocks, and the cutting tools on the rotor and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate are arranged so that the long cutting tools 234 are aligned with the breaker blocks and the short cutting tools 230 are aligned with shear blocks 444.
  • Back plate 242 is a part of bypass arm 252, which is adapted to rotate about pivot shaft 254.
  • the leading surfaces 472 of the shear blocks comprise a slip angle that is within the range of 80° - 100°, preferably about 90°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis 228 of rotation of rotor assembly 223.
  • Shear blocks of this configuration present greater resistance to the flow of materials within the machine than do shear blocks that include leading surfaces that comprise a slide angle, and they may be employed when it is anticipated that a mixture of non-reducible objects and reducible materials will be conveyed towards the rotor on the input conveyor.
  • a spring (similar to spring 68 of machine 20) may apply a biasing force to move bypass arm 252 from the open position shown in Figure 9 to the closed position shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the relationships between the radius RT of the trailing surface 476 of shear blocks 444, the radius of the arc of rotation of the leading edges of the short cutting tools Rs and the radius of the arc of rotation of the leading edges of the long cutting tools R L on the rotor assembly.
  • R s is within the range of 0.90R T - 0.995R T
  • RL is greater than 1.05RT.
  • Rs is within the range of 0.5RL - 0.9RL .
  • Figures II and 12 illustrate a portion of material reducing machine 300 having rotor assembly 323 on which are mounted short cutting tools 330 and long cutting tools 334.
  • Machine 300 also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly includes a curved back plate 342 with a plurality of shear blocks 544 and breaker blocks (not shown) arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 342 adjacent to rotor assembly 323.
  • Each of shear blocks 544 has a leading surface 572 and a trailing surface 576. Shear blocks 544 extend from the back plate towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than
  • Back plate 342 is a part of bypass arm 352, which is adapted to rotate about pivot shaft 354.
  • the leading surface of each of the shear blocks comprises an anvil angle that is within the range of 50° - 80°, preferably about 65°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis 328 of rotation of rotor 324.
  • Shear blocks of this configuration present greater resistance to the flow of materials within the machine than do shear blocks having leading surfaces that comprise a slip angle, and they may be employed when it is anticipated that few non-reducible objects will be conveyed towards the rotor on the input conveyor. Shear blocks having leading surfaces that comprise an anvil angle create resistance that is similar to that of conventional anvils in material reducing machines.
  • FIG. 13 and 14 illustrate a portion of material reducing machine 400 having rotor assembly 423 on which are mounted short cutting tools 430 and long cutting tools 434.
  • Machine 400 also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly includes a curved back plate 442 with a plurality of shear blocks 644 and breaker blocks (not shown) arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 442 adjacent to rotor assembly 423.
  • Each of shear blocks 644 has a leading surface 672 and a trailing surface 676.
  • Shear blocks 644 extend from the back plate towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than the breaker blocks, and the cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate are arranged so that the long cutting tools 434 are aligned with the breaker blocks and the short cutting tools 430 are aligned with shear blocks 644.
  • Back plate 442 is a part of bypass arm 452, which is adapted to rotate about pivot shaft 454.
  • shear blocks 644 have a leading surface 672 that comprises a catch angle that is within the range of 40° - 50°, preferably about 45°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis 428 of rotation of rotor assembly 423.
  • Shear blocks of this configuration present greater resistance to the flow of materials within the machine than do shear blocks having leading surfaces that comprise an anvil angle, and they may be employed when it is anticipated that only small non-reducible objects will be conveyed towards the rotor on the input conveyor.
  • shear blocks having leading surfaces comprising a catch angle are employed and an object that cannot be reduced encounters the breaker assembly, the force of the impact of the object on the breaker assembly, either alone or in combination with the added impact forces imparted to the object by the tools on rotating rotor assembly 423, will cause bypass arm 452 to pivot on pivot shaft 454 from the closed position shown in Figure 13 to the open position shown in Figure 14. This will allow the non-reducible
  • Figure 15 illustrates a portion of material reducing machine 500 having rotor assembly 523 on which are mounted short cutting tools and long cutting tools.
  • Machine 500 also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly includes a curved back plate 542 with a plurality of shear blocks (not shown) and breaker blocks 546 arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 542 adjacent to rotor assembly 523.
  • the shear blocks extend from the back plate towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than breaker blocks 546, and the cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate are arranged so that the long cutting tools are aligned with breaker blocks 546 and the short cutting tools are aligned with the shear blocks.
  • Back plate 542 is a part of bypass arm 552, which is adapted to rotate about pivot shaft 554.
  • Each of breaker blocks 546 has a leading surface 572 that gradually increases to a point 574 of maximum outward projection from the back plate and a trailing surface 576 that gradually decreases from the point of maximum outward projection to the back plate.
  • Figure 15 also illustrates the relationships between the radius R B of the trailing surface 576 of the breaker blocks, the radius of the arc of rotation of the leading edges of the short cutting tools R S and the radius of the arc of rotation of the leading edges of the long cutting tools RL on the rotor.
  • 3 ⁇ 4 is less than 0.90RB
  • RL is within the range of 0.9RB - 0.995RB-
  • FIGs 16-19B illustrate a portion of material reducing machine 600 having rotor assembly 623 on which are mounted short cutting tools 630 and long cutting tools 634.
  • Rotor assembly 623 comprises a plurality of generally circular rotor plates (shown in Figure 17), one of which, plate 624, is also shown in Figure 16.
  • Rotor assembly 623 is adapted to rotate in a clockwise direction, as shown in Figure 16, about its axis of rotation 628.
  • Short cutting tools 630 and long cutting tools 634 are arranged in rows that extend across the length of the rotor assembly (i.e., across the width of the frame of the machine), and rows of cutting tools are spaced around the periphery of the rotor assembly so that as the rotor assembly is rotated, the tools carry material from conveyor into engagement with a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the leading edges of cutting bits 632 of the short cutting tools 630 mounted on rotor assembly 623 define an arc that is spaced outwardly from the periphery of rotor assembly 623 by a short cutter distance.
  • the leading edges of cutting bits 636 of the long cutting tools 634 mounted on rotor assembly 623 define an arc that is spaced outwardly from the periphery of the rotor assembly by a long cutter distance which is greater than the short cutter distance.
  • the short cutting tools be arranged in rows that are parallel to axis of rotation 628, which rows extend all the way across the length of the rotor assembly.
  • the long cutting tools be arranged in rows that are parallel to the axis of rotation, which rows extend all the way across the length of the rotor assembly. It is also preferred that alternating rows of short cutting tools and long cutting tools be spaced around the periphery of the rotor assembly.
  • Material reducing machine 600 also includes a breaker assembly that is located adjacent to the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly includes anvil 645 (also shown in Figures 18A-18C) and
  • breaker blocks 646 arranged across the width of the machine on the side of anvil 645 adjacent to rotor assembly 623.
  • Each of these breaker blocks has a leading surface 647 that forms an angle ⁇ that is within the range of 30° - 75°, preferably about 60°, when measured from a horizontal plane that includes the axis of rotation 628 of the rotor assembly.
  • the breaker assembly of this embodiment of the invention also includes curved back plate 642 (also shown in Figures 19A and 19B), which is provided with a plurality of apertures 643 (best shown in Figures 19A and 19B) through which reduced material may pass.
  • a plurality of shear blocks 644 are arranged across the width of the machine on the side of back plate 642 adjacent to rotor assembly 623.
  • the shear blocks extend from the back plate towards the rotor assembly a greater distance than the breaker blocks, and the cutting tools on the rotor assembly and the shear blocks and breaker blocks on the back plate are arranged so that the long cutting tools 634 are aligned with breaker blocks 646 and the short cutting tools 630 are aligned with shear blocks 644.
  • Each of shear blocks 644 has a curved outer surface 648 that is parallel to the arc described by the leading edge of the cutting bit 632 of the short cutting tool 630 with which it is aligned.
  • the cutting tools of rotor assembly 623 and the shear blocks 644 and breaker blocks 646 of the breaker assembly are arranged so that at least one short cutting tool 630 passes over a shear block 644 with which it is aligned, and at least one long cutting tool 634 passes between a pair of adjacent shear blocks 644 and over the breaker block 646 with which it is aligned.
  • the short cutting tools 630 and the long cutting tools 634 are spaced along the length of the rotor assembly 623, and the shear blocks 644 and the breaker blocks 646 are spaced along the back plate 642 in such a manner that all of the short cutting tools pass over the curved outer surfaces 648 of shear blocks 644, and the long cutting tools pass between adjacent shear blocks 664 and over the breaker blocks 646.
  • 26 14711_19/1214/DJH-1888856_1 components of the breaker assembly of this configuration allow the machine to be operated with more "release” action but with less stress. This permits the rotor assembly to be rotated at a rate within the range of 50-1000 RPM, which includes rates that are too slow for efficient operation of conventional machines. Operating the machine at the low end of this range reduces fuel consumption, wear and noise levels.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une machine de réduction de matière comprenant un ensemble rotor comportant une pluralité d'outils de coupe courts et une pluralité d'outils de coupe longs. Les outils de coupe courts sont agencés en rangées qui s'étendent sur l'ensemble de la longueur de l'ensemble rotor, lesquelles rangées sont espacées autour de la périphérie de l'ensemble rotor. Chacun des outils de coupe courts comporte un trépan tranchant doté d'un bord d'attaque qui est espacé vers l'extérieur à partir de la périphérie de l'ensemble rotor par une distance de dispositif de coupe court. Les outils de coupe longs sont également agencés en rangées qui s'étendent sur l'ensemble de la longueur de l'ensemble rotor, lesquelles rangées sont espacées autour de la périphérie de l'ensemble rotor. Chacun des outils de coupe longs comporte un trépan tranchant qui est doté d'un bord d'attaque qui est espacé vers l'extérieur à partir de la périphérie de l'ensemble rotor par une distance de dispositif de coupe long qui est supérieure à la distance de dispositif de coupe court de chacun des outils de coupe courts. Un ensemble marteau de forage comprend une pluralité de blocs de cisaillement, chacun desquels est espacé de sorte à être aligné avec un outil de coupe court.
EP14770671.7A 2013-03-18 2014-03-17 Dispositif de réduction de matière Active EP2976157B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361802968P 2013-03-18 2013-03-18
PCT/US2014/030548 WO2014153288A2 (fr) 2013-03-18 2014-03-17 Dispositif de réduction de matière

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2976157A2 true EP2976157A2 (fr) 2016-01-27
EP2976157A4 EP2976157A4 (fr) 2017-03-01
EP2976157B1 EP2976157B1 (fr) 2018-09-19

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EP14770671.7A Active EP2976157B1 (fr) 2013-03-18 2014-03-17 Dispositif de réduction de matière

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2976157B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2976157T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2702297T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014153288A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4259336B1 (fr) * 2020-12-09 2026-02-04 Shark Containers A/S Déchiqueteuse à tambour et système de déchiqueteuse
DE102024114476B3 (de) * 2024-02-28 2025-04-10 Doppstadt Beteiligungs Gmbh Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3473742A (en) * 1966-10-25 1969-10-21 Jacksonville Blow Pipe Co Machine for the punching and cutting of wood
US5052630A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-10-01 Mac Corporation Method and apparatus to reduce material
US5213273A (en) * 1990-05-21 1993-05-25 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Hammer mill
US5971305A (en) * 1997-07-21 1999-10-26 Davenport; Ricky W. Rotary shredder
US5887808A (en) * 1998-01-06 1999-03-30 Scott Equipment Company High efficiency grinding apparatus
US7832670B2 (en) * 2004-03-19 2010-11-16 Astec Industries, Inc. Material reducing apparatus
EP1810753A4 (fr) * 2004-10-21 2011-07-06 Hitachi Construction Machinery Broyeur de bois
US8191810B2 (en) * 2008-05-08 2012-06-05 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Crusher

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014153288A2 (fr) 2014-09-25
EP2976157A4 (fr) 2017-03-01
EP2976157B1 (fr) 2018-09-19
DK2976157T3 (en) 2019-01-07
WO2014153288A3 (fr) 2015-03-12
ES2702297T3 (es) 2019-02-28

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