EP2981793B1 - Convertisseur de mesure pour instrumenter un procédé et methode de surveillance de l'état de ses capteurs - Google Patents

Convertisseur de mesure pour instrumenter un procédé et methode de surveillance de l'état de ses capteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2981793B1
EP2981793B1 EP14703036.5A EP14703036A EP2981793B1 EP 2981793 B1 EP2981793 B1 EP 2981793B1 EP 14703036 A EP14703036 A EP 14703036A EP 2981793 B1 EP2981793 B1 EP 2981793B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
current
measurement transducer
parallel
monitoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14703036.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2981793A1 (fr
Inventor
Eric Chemisky
Slava Friesen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2981793A1 publication Critical patent/EP2981793A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2981793B1 publication Critical patent/EP2981793B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D18/00—Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups G01D1/00 - G01D15/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmitter for process instrumentation with a sensor for detecting a physical or chemical quantity according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for monitoring the sensor state according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • Transmitters are used to record process variables, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, level, density or gas concentration of a medium.
  • process variables such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, level, density or gas concentration of a medium.
  • a sensor which is often applied to a planar substrate, the physical or chemical quantity is converted into an electrical measurement signal.
  • This substrate serves as a mechanical attachment of the sensitive sensor on a support and also as protection against external influences, for example, to improve the electromagnetic compatibility.
  • electrical sensor elements of the sensor to the substrate is to embed these elements in the substrate and to dope the substrate in the vicinity of these elements, wherein there is electrical contact between the electrical element and the substrate.
  • a diode-type PN junction when properly applied, provides electrical isolation of the element and substrate.
  • Electrical lines which conduct signals from the sensor to external contacts are connected to a control and evaluation device for evaluating the signals, which outputs, for example via a field bus, a measured value corresponding to the respective pressure to a control station or a programmable logic controller.
  • a process instrumentation transmitter in which the state of a substrate carrying electrical elements of a sensor to generate a measurement signal is monitored for changes due to chemical contamination.
  • the sensor elements and their connecting lines are monitored for breakage, that is, for electrical interruption.
  • the detection of a sensor break for example, via a measurement of the current consumption of the connected to a Wheatstone bridge measuring resistors, which can be generally referred to as sensor elements, take place. Since the temperature sensitivity of these resistors is relatively high compared to their pressure sensitivity, a highly accurate determination of the absorbed current with additional temperature compensation is needed. The required, highly accurate measuring electronics is due to the required low component scattering connected in a disadvantageous way with great effort. As more and more applications of transmitters demand a very high level of reliability in the measurement of physical or chemical quantities, which has to be confirmed by appropriate certifications, for example according to IEC 61508, it is less and less possible to disregard monitoring of the sensor for malfunction or breakage become.
  • a malfunction of a sensor can be caused, inter alia, by tearing of signal and / or supply wires, which can be embodied as lines on the substrate or as bonding wires, or, for example, in the case of resistive pressure sensors, due to breakage of the material doped on the substrate.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a transmitter for process instrumentation, in which the state of a sensor can be monitored reliably and with little effort to tearing or breakage of the sensor or leads.
  • the new transmitter of the type mentioned in the characterizing part of the claim 1 specified characteristics.
  • advantageous developments of the invention and in claim 6, a monitoring method are described.
  • the cross controller also called parallel regulator or shunt regulator, is connected in parallel to the sensor and always absorbs as much current as must be conducted via the resistor connected in series with the sensor so that the voltage drop across the resistor and thus the supply voltage of the sensor is kept constant , If the sensor consumes a higher current, the current set by the cross controller will decrease correspondingly. Conversely, the cross controller adjusts a higher current when, for example due to its temperature dependence, a lower current flows across the sensor. Since the supply voltage of the sensor is kept constant by the cross controller, this is largely independent of the temperature. This has the advantage that a possibly non-linear dependence of the measurement signal on the voltage supply of the sensor does not affect the measurement accuracy of the transmitter.
  • the indirect measurement of the current absorbed by the sensor and its monitoring for the detection of a malfunction or breakage has the advantage that it has a comparatively low sensitivity to a building element scattering in the transmitter.
  • the invention thus has the advantage that in a particularly simple manner and with little effort, a sensor which is provided for detecting a physical or chemical quantity in a transmitter, can be monitored for changes that are associated with, for example, cracking in the substrate or wire breakage , It may happen that a cracking of the substrate already leads to a detectable change in the set by the cross-controller, flowing parallel to the sensor current, while in the sensor is still only a gradual change its used to generate the measurement signal property and thus a shift of the measured value , a so-called drifting, which is only as Meßwertverfabschung expressed and without using the cross controller with current evaluation could not be recognized as a mistake. This also improves the reliability of the measurements provided by the transmitter.
  • SFF Safe Failure Fraction
  • the sum of the current absorbed by the sensor and the parallel regulator connected in parallel is substantially constant.
  • the invention therefore has a favorable effect on the modularity of the transmitter.
  • This is particularly advantageous in a structure of a transmitter, in which a sensor unit must be arranged separately from a control and evaluation.
  • a sensor unit for use in potentially explosive areas of zone 0
  • a particularly good responsiveness of the monitoring can be achieved if the sensor temperature is determined in the sensor unit and associated limit values whose exceeding is monitored as a predetermined criterion for the detection of errors are stored in the form of a temperature characteristic.
  • a particularly simple way of determining the current flowing parallel to the sensor is to conduct it via a measuring resistor, which is inserted in the path of the current to be determined.
  • the range of occurring current values can be mapped to a wide voltage range by suitable dimensioning of the resistance value to facilitate the evaluation.
  • the voltage signal generated in this way the value of which corresponds to the respective value of the current intensity, can be passed, for example, for evaluation to an analog-to-digital converter for digital further processing or it can be given to a comparator input for comparison with a predetermined limit value, at the other input a the corresponding predetermined threshold corresponding comparison voltage is applied.
  • an analog-digital converter For converting the measuring signal into a digital measured value, an analog-digital converter is usually provided. To improve the measuring accuracy of the transmitter, it is advantageous to guide the supply voltage of the sensor to its reference voltage input. This allows high-accuracy ratiometric measurement that is independent of small variations in the supply voltage of the sensor.
  • FIG. 1 only the parts of a measuring transducer 1 which contribute to a better understanding of the invention are shown, which serves to detect a physical or chemical quantity, for example a pressure.
  • a substrate which is designed as a pressure-sensitive membrane
  • four strain-sensitive resistors of a sensor S are connected to form a Wheatstone bridge.
  • Vref a substantially constant supply voltage
  • the sensor S which consists essentially of the Wheatstone bridge, flows a current Is, which depends on the one hand on the prevailing pressure, on the other hand, but also on the temperature.
  • a voltage can be tapped, whose level corresponds to the respective pressure and which in the embodiment shown, the measurement signal, which is generated by the sensor represents.
  • the measuring signal is further processed in a known manner by a control and evaluation device 2 to a measured value for the physical or chemical size, which is output via a fieldbus 3, for example, to an automation device or a control station when using the transmitter 1 in a process plant.
  • a current limiting resistor R1 is connected between a supply voltage Vcc and the constant supply voltage Vref of the sensor S.
  • a voltage divider of two resistors R2 and R3, an operational amplifier OP1, comprising a transistor T1 and a measuring resistor Rm connected to ground, is connected in parallel with the sensor S and regulates a voltage V1 dropping across the resistor R1 to a constant value.
  • the supply voltage Vref of the sensor S is therefore also largely constant and independent of its temperature.
  • a current flowing through the resistor R1 current Io is held constant by the cross controller.
  • a parallel to the sensor S flowing and adjusted by the cross-controller current Ip therefore behaves in opposite directions to the current Is, which flows through the sensor S.
  • the current Ip set by the transverse regulator also changes accordingly and, as a consequence, the voltage drop across the resistor Rm Tension. With the resistor Rm so a voltage is obtained, which corresponds to the current strength of the current Ip, which in turn behaves in opposite directions to the current intensity of the current Is.
  • the occurrence of a fault on the sensor S can thus be determined by monitoring the determined current strength of the current Ip to comply with predetermined criteria.
  • the current strength of the current Ip is monitored by means of an operational amplifier OP2 to exceed a predetermined threshold, with the aid of a pulse width modulated output PWM the drive and evaluation device 2 and a downstream low-pass filter, which as an RC element of a resistor R4 and a Capacitor C1 is produced.
  • the output of the operational amplifier OP2 is fed to a digital input Int in the control and evaluation device 2. If a rupture or breakage of the substrate or of connecting lines occurs, this leads to a level change at the digital input Int.
  • the applied signal state can be detected, for example, by using a suitable software for programming a microprocessor used in the control and evaluation device 2 by a so-called polling. Likewise, an interrupt input a microprocessor, as is the case in the present example.
  • a temperature-dependent resistor RT is used to detect the temperature of the sensor S and is connected to an input ADC of the control and evaluation device 2, in which a digital temperature value is determined by analog-to-digital conversion.
  • a temperature compensation of the measured value to improve the measurement accuracy and, secondly, an adaptation of the limit value, which is required for sensor monitoring, are carried out correspondingly in the control and evaluation device 2 stored temperature characteristics.
  • the resistor R5 via which the supply voltage Vref of the sensor S is guided to the control and evaluation device 2, allows a ratiometric evaluation of the measurement signal of the sensor S and thus also serves to improve the measurement accuracy.
  • FIG. 2 shows one opposite FIG. 1 slightly modified embodiment, in which a sensor unit 4 is designed for use in a hazardous zone 0.
  • the resistor R1 here is the element which determines the power consumed by the sensor unit 4.
  • the resistors R2, R5, R6 and R7, which are located on the boundary of the reduced-power region of the sensor unit 4, are comparatively high-impedance.
  • the current Ip is adjusted by an output transistor of the operational amplifier OP1, so that an additional transistor (T1 in FIG. 1 ) can be omitted.
  • the dependence of the current Ip flowing parallel to the sensor is shown by the current Is flowing through the sensor, which in turn depends on the temperature T of the sensor according to a function f (T).
  • the current Is is between a minimum value Ismin and a maximum value Ismax.
  • the cross controller is set in opposite to the current Ip, as it is in FIG. 3 indicated by a curve 30.
  • a value Io - Ismax is set for the current Ip. This is comparatively small compared with the maximum current Ismax absorbed by the sensor.
  • the values of the current Ip to be expected in each case at different temperatures can be represented, for example, as a characteristic curve over the temperature. So that no false alarms due to component scattering are triggered during the monitoring, limit values in the form of a temperature characteristic in the control and evaluation device 2 (FIG. FIGS. 1 and 2 ) are deposited, which are slightly above. The determination of the limit values can therefore be carried out in a simple manner by parallel displacement of the temperature characteristic upwards by a certain amount, which slightly exceeds the permissible deviations from the expected values.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Transducteur de mesure pour l'instrumentation de processus, comprenant un capteur (S) de détection d'une grandeur physique ou chimique et de production d'un signal (X+, X-) de mesure et comprenant un dispositif (2) de commande et d'exploitation, pour déterminer et émettre une valeur de mesure de la grandeur physique ou chimique, en fonction du signal de mesure, le capteur (S) étant monté en série avec une résistance (R1) de contrôle d'une rupture, caractérisé en ce qu'un régleur (R2, R3, OP1, T1, Rm) transversal est monté en parallèle au capteur (S), pour appliquer au capteur une tension (Vref) constante et en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens (Rm, OP2, R4, C1, 2) de détermination de l'intensité du courant (Ip) établi par le régleur transversal et passant parallèlement au capteur, et de détection d'un défaut du capteur, à l'aide d'un contrôle que l'intensité du courant déterminée respecte un critère défini à l'avance.
  2. Transducteur de mesure suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens (RT) de détermination de la température du capteur et en ce qu'il est contrôlé, comme critère défini à l'avance, que l'intensité du courant dépasse une valeur limite qui est définie à l'avance en fonction de la température déterminée.
  3. Transducteur de mesure suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la plage de réglage du régleur transversal est définie à l'avance, de manière à établir, si le capteur est intact et si l'absorption du courant du capteur est maximum, seulement un courant (Ip) relativement peu intense passant en parallèle au capteur.
  4. Transducteur de mesure suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour déterminer l'intensité du courant (Ip) passant en parallèle au capteur (S), une résistance (Rm) de mesure est montée dans le trajet du courant (Ip).
  5. Transducteur de mesure suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tension (Vref) d'alimentation du capteur (S) est appliquée à l'entrée d'une tension de référence d'un convertisseur analogique-numérique, qui est prévu pour la transformation du signal de mesure.
  6. Procédé de contrôle de l'état d'un capteur (S), qui sert à détecter une grandeur physique ou chimique et à produire un signal (X+, X-) de mesure dans un transducteur (1) de mesure pour l'instrumentation de processus, le transducteur de mesure ayant un dispositif (2) de commande et d'exploitation pour la détermination et l'émission d'une valeur de mesure de la grandeur physique ou chimique, en fonction du signal de mesure, et le capteur (S) étant monté en série avec une résistance (R1) de contrôle d'une rupture, caractérisé en ce que l'on régule, à une valeur constante, une tension (Vref) d'alimentation du capteur (S) par un régleur (R2, R3, OP1, T1, Rm) transversal monté en parallèle, en ce que l'on détermine l'intensité du courant (Ip) établi par le régleur transversal et passant en parallèle au capteur (S) et en ce que l'on détecte un défaut du capteur à l'aide d'un contrôle que l'intensité du courant déterminé respecte un critère défini à l'avance.
EP14703036.5A 2013-04-03 2014-01-20 Convertisseur de mesure pour instrumenter un procédé et methode de surveillance de l'état de ses capteurs Not-in-force EP2981793B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013205864.0A DE102013205864A1 (de) 2013-04-03 2013-04-03 Messumformer zur Prozessinstrumentierung und Verfahren zur Überwachung des Zustands dessen Sensors
PCT/EP2014/050982 WO2014161676A1 (fr) 2013-04-03 2014-01-20 Transducteur de mesure pour l'instrumentation de processus et procédé de surveillance de l'état de son capteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2981793A1 EP2981793A1 (fr) 2016-02-10
EP2981793B1 true EP2981793B1 (fr) 2017-04-05

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EP14703036.5A Not-in-force EP2981793B1 (fr) 2013-04-03 2014-01-20 Convertisseur de mesure pour instrumenter un procédé et methode de surveillance de l'état de ses capteurs

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US (1) US9435672B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2981793B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105190251B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013205864A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014161676A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015001980A1 (de) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-18 Lucas Automotive Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung eines Fluiddrucks und zur Verifizierung des gemessenen Fluiddrucks
US11456203B2 (en) * 2018-07-13 2022-09-27 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd Wafer release mechanism
CN110554241B (zh) * 2019-10-08 2020-11-27 哈尔滨市科佳通用机电股份有限公司 机车信号接收线圈绝缘电阻在车测试方法及装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH679617A5 (fr) * 1989-09-28 1992-03-13 Ascom Zelcom Ag
FR2757283B1 (fr) 1996-12-17 1999-04-16 Sgs Thomson Microelectronics Regulateur de tension parallele
DE19951817A1 (de) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-23 Micronas Gmbh Zwei-Draht-Sensoranordnung
DE10115813B4 (de) 2001-03-30 2004-02-26 Infineon Technologies Ag Parallelspannungsregler
DE102006029389A1 (de) * 2006-06-27 2008-01-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Erweiterung der Diagnosefähigkeit von Stromreglern
FR2927485B1 (fr) * 2008-02-11 2011-04-15 St Microelectronics Grenoble Amplificateur a entrees differentielles
DE102008020862B3 (de) * 2008-04-25 2009-05-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Messumformer zur Prozessinstrumentierung und Verfahren zur Überwachung des Zustands dessen Sensors
CN201673006U (zh) * 2010-05-05 2010-12-15 重庆多耐达科技有限公司 压力传感器故障监测电路
US20150365003A1 (en) * 2014-06-12 2015-12-17 Laurence P. Sadwick Power Conversion System

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102013205864A1 (de) 2014-10-09
CN105190251A (zh) 2015-12-23
WO2014161676A1 (fr) 2014-10-09
US9435672B2 (en) 2016-09-06
CN105190251B (zh) 2017-05-10
EP2981793A1 (fr) 2016-02-10
US20160025528A1 (en) 2016-01-28

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