EP2986397A1 - Préparation d'alliages d'insertion assistée par laser pour une résistance améliorée à l'usure - Google Patents

Préparation d'alliages d'insertion assistée par laser pour une résistance améliorée à l'usure

Info

Publication number
EP2986397A1
EP2986397A1 EP14784899.8A EP14784899A EP2986397A1 EP 2986397 A1 EP2986397 A1 EP 2986397A1 EP 14784899 A EP14784899 A EP 14784899A EP 2986397 A1 EP2986397 A1 EP 2986397A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
laser beam
interstitial element
metallic substrate
set forth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14784899.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2986397A4 (fr
Inventor
Bhaskar Dutta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DM3D Tech LLC
Original Assignee
DM3D Tech LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DM3D Tech LLC filed Critical DM3D Tech LLC
Publication of EP2986397A1 publication Critical patent/EP2986397A1/fr
Publication of EP2986397A4 publication Critical patent/EP2986397A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/082—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/72—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment during chemical change of surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals

Definitions

  • the present application relates generally toward an improved process for increasing hardness of a soft metallic substrate. More specifically, the present invention relates toward the use of a laser to assist interstitial alloying of a soft metallic substrate.
  • a fabricating or forming process it is preferable to select a soft material for ease of forming.
  • a selection of soft material substrates results in poor durability, particularly when the device is subject to frictional forces. Therefore, when durability of a mechanical device is desired, a hard metallic substrate is selected, which is problematic when fabricating or forming the device.
  • a method of enhancing wear resistance of a metallic substrate includes applying a coating including an interstitial element to a surface of the substrate.
  • a laser beam is directed onto a localized area of the metallic substrate coated with the interstitial element.
  • the laser beam locally raises a temperature of the metallic substrate to a temperature causing the interstitial element to diffuse into the substrate providing a layer of alloy including the interstitial element onto the localized area of the metallic substrate.
  • a focal point of a laser beam is positioned at a spaced location from the surface of the substrate to optimize a power density of the laser beam at the surface of the substrate.
  • the coating of the interstitial element not diffused into the substrate is removed exposing a layer of alloy including the interstitial element.
  • the present inventive method provides an enhanced ability to control excitation of substrate molecules to control diffusion of interstitial elements into a soft metallic substrate.
  • Figure 1 shows a metallic substrate
  • Figure 2 shows a metallic substrate with a localized application of a coating including an interstitial element
  • Figure 3 shows a laser heating a localized area of the soft metallic substrate having a coating including an interstitial element
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative method of locally raising a temperature of the soft metallic substrate
  • Figure 5 shows a cylindrical component being subject to the method of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a process of diffusing an inside of a tubular component using a galvanometer to redirect the laser beam of the present application.
  • Figure 7 shows a chart of experimental hardness of a substrate being subject to the method of the present invention.
  • a metallic substrate in the form of a planar component is generally shown at 10.
  • the metallic substrate 10 is contemplated to be formed from metals, such as, for example, various steels, nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, aluminum alloys, and copper alloys. It is anticipated that the substrate 10 is machined or formed into a final shape through grinding, machining, or turning as is known to those of skill in the art.
  • the substrate 10 is contemplated by the inventor to be any substrate 10 subject to frictional or other mechanical forces known to degrade the geometry and function of the substrate 10.
  • Knives, mechanical parts, such as, for example, piston heads, other internal combustion elements and any metallic component subject to wear are all believed to be enhanced by the process of the present invention.
  • the substrate 10 After processing, the substrate 10, it is desirable to include a surface roughness having an Ra value of less than about 20 microns and an Rt value of less than about 100 microns.
  • the part geometry includes a flat knife blade, a rotary knife blade, an engine cylinder liner, or a piston ring for an engine. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that any metallic substrate subject to durability requirements is included within the scope of this invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the metallic substrate 10 having a coating 12 applied over an area of interest known to be subject to frictional forces.
  • the coating includes an interstitial element having an atomic size known to allow diffusion into a lattice structure of an alloy. More specifically, the coating includes at least one of hydrogen, boron, carbon, or nitrogen. Additionally, combinations of these interstitial elements are included within the scope of this invention to further enhance wear resistance of the metallic substrate 10.
  • the coating 12 is applied either as a powder, or a liquid, in which case, a solvent is used to liquefy and suspend the interstitial element of choice.
  • the solvent is either water or organic, but is selected to flash from the surface of the substrate 10 without requiring significant amount of time or heat.
  • a liquid coating 12 is applied to the substrate 10
  • the substrate 10 is preheated in an oven to a temperature of about 240 °C for about 20 minutes so that the substrate (or component) receives a uniform temperature. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the temperature selected to flash the solvent from the coating 12 is below the melting temperature of the substrate 10 alloy to prevent adversely affecting the dimensional configuration of the component.
  • the component After preheating, the component is removed from an oven and a coating including carbon black powder is applied, or other interstitial element, using an aerosol or atomizing spray method.
  • the coating includes a uniform thickness over the surface requiring improved wear resistance.
  • a tape comprising an interstitial element is applied to an area of interest that requires enhanced wear protection.
  • a laser 14 is shown projecting a laser beam 16 (or energy beam) onto an area of interest 18 that has received a coating 12 including an interstitial element.
  • the laser comprises a C0 2 laser, a diode laser, a fiber optic laser, or any equivalent energy source, capable of directing the laser beam 16 to a localized area of interest 18 of the substrate.
  • the laser beam 16 defines a laser focal point 20 that is located at a position spaced from the surface of the substrate 10 determined to optimize the power density of the laser beam at the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the location of the focal point 20 is predetermined to provide a proper amount of energy to excite the lattice structure of the substrate alloy material known to allow diffusion of the interstitial element to a proper depth.
  • the laser beam is a divergent laser beam where the focal point 20 is spaced above the surface 22 of the substrate 10. It is within the scope of the invention that the laser beam is a convergent laser beam where the focal point 20 would be positioned below the surface 22 of the substrate 10.
  • the surface 22 of the substrate 10 does not melt under optimum circumstances.
  • the avoidance of a eutectic reaction which would result in the interstitial element reacting with the substrate 10 alloy is desirable.
  • the optimum effect of the laser (or energy) beam 16 on the substrate is to merely excite the molecular lattice of the substrate 10 alloy.
  • an optimum laser power and speed is predetermined for each application based upon the substrate alloy and the desired depth of diffusion of the interstitial element.
  • a C0 2 laser provides an adequate amount of energy to the substrate 10.
  • a diode laser is preferable.
  • the laser 14 is modified to project an alternatively shaped laser beam 16 onto the area of interest of the substrate 10.
  • a rectangular shaped laser beam 16 is preferable, such as, for example a 12 x 1 millimeter or 20 x 1 millimeter shape laser beam. Further applications make use of a round spot of 2 millimeters or 4 millimeters diameter, or an oval shape.
  • a shaping nozzle 36 ( Figure 6) is used.
  • rapid diffusion of the interstitial element into the substrate 10 required a serpentine path 24 be established. This is best represented in Figure 4 where the laser beam zig zags to cover more surface area than capable by a single pass across an area interest of the metallic substrate 10.
  • An optimum path of travel is determined based upon a level of energy required to diffuse the interstitial element into the substrate 10, which will dictate a size of the laser beam 16 at the surface 22 of the substrate 10. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that either the laser 14 or the substrate 10 is movable so that the laser beam 16 provides an adequate amount of excitation energy to the substrate 10.
  • Figure 5 shows the ability of the present inventive method to diffuse an interstitial element into components having various three dimensional configurations.
  • a cylindrical element such as, for example, a piston rotates relative to the laser beam 16 to provide a single circumferential band 24 around an exterior surface 26 of the component. It is contemplated by the inventor that either circular tool path or rectangular tool path provides an adequate level of excitation energy to the substrate 10.
  • the laser 14 interfaces with a computer aided design (CAD) data to adjust the location of the focal point of the laser beam 16 to maintain a constant distance from the surface of a three dimensional substrate 10.
  • CAD computer aided design
  • the CAD data is used to direct the laser to either adjust a physical location relative to the substrate 10 or adjust the focal point 20 by way of a controller (not shown). Alternatively, the substrate 10 is moved relative to the laser 14 by the controller.
  • FIG. 6 A still further embodiment is shown at Figure 6 where interstitial diffusion into a substrate 10 is desired on an interior surface 28 of a tubular component 30.
  • a laser beam 32 is directed toward a galvanometer-controlled mirror 34 to redirect the laser beam 32. Once redirected, the laser beam 32 passes through a shaping nozzle 36 directing the divergent beam 38 onto an area of interest 40 on the inner surface 28 of the tubular component 30.
  • Tests have shown that the diffusion of the interstitial element ranges between a depth of 30 microns and 500 microns.
  • the table shown in Figure 7 provides the test results where significant hardness improvement is achieved up to 10 millimeters from an edge of a knife blade (not shown).
  • 1018 steel was coated with carbon powder and subject to excitation by way of a laser beam 16, 38 as explained above.
  • Maximum hardness of around 900 VHS is achieved to 9 millimeters indicating the density of the interstitial carbides similar or equal to the density of interstitial carbides at the surface.
  • Hardness requirements of a given application are achieved by adjusting the strength and speed of the laser treatment of the area of interest on the substrate 10.
  • the range of depth from the knife edge where hardness drops from above 800 VHS to that of the un-alloyed substrate, or in this example around 300 VHS is identified as the transition zone. At 11 millimeters the hardness drops that of the unalloyed substrate.
  • the surface 22 of the metallic substrate 10 is polished to remove interstitial element not diffused into the substrate 10.
  • the surface is cleaned and polished with a diamond paste having 0.3 micron sized diamond particles mixed into a kerosene solution.
  • a diamond paste having 0.3 micron sized diamond particles mixed into a kerosene solution.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé assurant l'amélioration de la résistance à l'usure d'un substrat métallique, comprenant l'étape consistant à appliquer un revêtement d'un élément interstitiel sur la surface d'un substrat. Un faisceau laser est orienté vers une zone localisée du substrat métallique revêtu de l'élément interstitiel de façon à accroître localement une température du substrat métallique pour atteindre une température provoquant la diffusion de l'élément interstitiel dans le substrat. Une couche d'alliage comprenant l'élément interstitiel est générée sur la zone localisée du substrat métallique. Un point focal du faisceau laser est disposé à un emplacement espacé de la surface du substrat pour optimiser une densité de puissance du faisceau laser à la surface du substrat. La partie du revêtement d'élément interstitiel non diffusée dans le substrat est éliminée pour exposer la couche d'alliage comprenant l'élément interstitiel.
EP14784899.8A 2013-04-18 2014-04-16 Préparation d'alliages d'insertion assistée par laser pour une résistance améliorée à l'usure Withdrawn EP2986397A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361813297P 2013-04-18 2013-04-18
PCT/US2014/034334 WO2014172442A1 (fr) 2013-04-18 2014-04-16 Préparation d'alliages d'insertion assistée par laser pour une résistance améliorée à l'usure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2986397A1 true EP2986397A1 (fr) 2016-02-24
EP2986397A4 EP2986397A4 (fr) 2016-12-21

Family

ID=51731819

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14784899.8A Withdrawn EP2986397A4 (fr) 2013-04-18 2014-04-16 Préparation d'alliages d'insertion assistée par laser pour une résistance améliorée à l'usure

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20160083850A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2986397A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN105324182B (fr)
WO (1) WO2014172442A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017150908A1 (fr) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-08 부산대학교 산학협력단 Procédé de formation d'un film de revêtement ayant une résistance à la chaleur élevée, une dureté et une résistance à l'abrasion élevées, film de revêtement ayant une résistance à la chaleur élevée, une dureté et une résistance à l'abrasion élevées, et outil de coupe comprenant celui-ci

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DE3224810A1 (de) * 1982-07-02 1984-01-05 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zur erzeugung harter, verschleissfester randschichten auf einem metallischen werkstoff
SU1509420A1 (ru) * 1987-09-17 1989-09-23 Московский Автомобильно-Дорожный Институт Способ низкотемпературного азотировани сталей
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JP4473124B2 (ja) * 2002-08-28 2010-06-02 ザ ピーオーエム グループ 多層ｄｍｄプロセス用の形状によらないリアルタイムの閉ループウェルドプール温度制御システム
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105324182A (zh) 2016-02-10
WO2014172442A1 (fr) 2014-10-23
CN105324182B (zh) 2018-03-02
US20160083850A1 (en) 2016-03-24
EP2986397A4 (fr) 2016-12-21
WO2014172442A4 (fr) 2014-11-27

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