EP2995421B1 - Affuteuse a bande large dotee d'un reglage du rouleau tendeur pour produire un modele d'affutage predefini et procede associe - Google Patents

Affuteuse a bande large dotee d'un reglage du rouleau tendeur pour produire un modele d'affutage predefini et procede associe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2995421B1
EP2995421B1 EP15185043.5A EP15185043A EP2995421B1 EP 2995421 B1 EP2995421 B1 EP 2995421B1 EP 15185043 A EP15185043 A EP 15185043A EP 2995421 B1 EP2995421 B1 EP 2995421B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
belt
signal
wide
loop controller
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Not-in-force
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EP15185043.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2995421A1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Weber
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/18—Accessories
    • B24B21/20—Accessories for controlling or adjusting the tracking or the tension of the grinding belt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/04—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces
    • B24B21/12—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces involving a contact wheel or roller pressing the belt against the work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wide-belt sanding machine with a sanding belt that is guided over a sanding roller and a position-controlled tensioning roller.
  • the invention also relates to an associated method.
  • the sanding belt is stretched over at least two rollers.
  • one of the rollers serves as a grinding roller and the other roller as a tensioning roller.
  • the sanding belt is designed as an endless belt. With the length and width ratios used, it is difficult to center the belt using crowned rollers without additional control. Tape tolerance and elongation make things even more difficult.
  • each of these effects means that the grinding belt can migrate on the rollers in the direction of the axes of rotation of the rollers. There is therefore a need to monitor the position of the grinding belt on the grinding roller and to actively counteract the movement of the grinding belt in the axial direction of the grinding roller.
  • a control is described in which the position of the edge of the grinding belt is detected with a light barrier.
  • a pneumatic actuator is used to control the sanding belt. Due to the control, the adjustment member is continuously actuated, resulting in a continuous oscillation of the grinding belt with a certain hysteresis result. The resulting oscillation marks have a significant impact on the grinding result.
  • DE 11 38 658 A describes a device for adjusting and controlling the running of grinding belts on belt grinding machines.
  • a motor drive controls a pivotable tape roller in such a way that it executes continuous, uniform, forced vibrations about a vibration axis.
  • the frequency and amplitude of the vibrations is adjustable.
  • US 6,126,102 A relates to a device and a method for chemical-mechanical polishing of wafers in semiconductor technology.
  • a rotating wafer is replaced by a linearly moving one Polishing tape polished.
  • Such a polishing belt has a specific texture, which means that a periodic pattern can form on the surface of the wafer, which is undesirable. Therefore, the polishing belt is moved laterally by a sinusoidal or other periodic or non-periodic motion, resulting in smoothing of the polishing pattern on the surface of the wafer.
  • US 6,899,594 B1 also relates to chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP—chemical mechanical polishing) for wafers in the semiconductor industry.
  • CMP chemical-mechanical polishing
  • a rotating wafer is polished by a linearly moving polishing belt.
  • a specific lateral movement pattern eg sinusoidal, rectangular, etc., is applied to the polishing belt in order to smooth out any traces of polishing.
  • the sanding belt is guided over a sanding roller and a tensioning roller.
  • the position of the tension roller can be adjusted by means of an actuator in such a way that the grinding belt assumes a predetermined position on the grinding roller.
  • a position detector e.g. a light barrier.
  • This light barrier includes a beam source and a detector.
  • the edge of the sanding belt is detected with the light barrier using a silhouette method.
  • the detector thus generates a continuous analogue actual signal which is dependent on the position of the grinding belt in relation to the light barrier and therefore also in relation to the position of the grinding belt on the grinding roller.
  • the analog actual signal is supplied to a controller which continuously controls the actuator in such a way that the grinding belt on the grinding roller maintains a predetermined position by changing the position of the tensioning roller.
  • a controller generates an oscillating signal that is fed to the controller as a reference variable.
  • This controller controls the actuator in such a way that the grinding belt changes its lateral position in relation to the light barrier in accordance with the time profile of the reference variable. Accordingly, in conjunction with the advancement of the workpiece under the sanding roll, a command defined sanding pattern results.
  • the controller can generate, for example, a sinusoidal signal, a triangular signal, a trapezoidal signal or a superimposition of these signals as the oscillating signal. Accordingly, a sinusoidal pattern, a triangular pattern, a trapezoidal pattern or a superimposition of these patterns result as a grinding pattern along the workpiece surface. It should be noted that when the control circuit is in a steady state, the disturbance variables, e.g. a random deviation in the movement of the grinding belt, are also corrected and such disturbances no longer occur in the grinding pattern.
  • the disturbance variables e.g. a random deviation in the movement of the grinding belt
  • the oscillating signal generated by the controller can contain periods of time with a constant signal level in its course over time. These are reflected in the sanding pattern as path sections with a constant sanding structure.
  • the controller includes a function generator for generating periodic and non-periodic signals.
  • the controller is designed as a programmable logic controller (PLC).
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • an optical reflex sensor In addition to the already mentioned fork light barrier, an optical reflex sensor, a mechanical contactor, a capacitive or inductive sensor, an ultrasonic sensor or a compressed air sensor, which works according to the nozzle-flapper principle, can be used as a position detector. It is essential that the position detector used in each case continuously detects the web edge and continuously maps its position in a signal, preferably analog.
  • the actuator is pneumatic and includes at least one bellows cylinder that works against a restoring element. These air actuators do not have a slip-stick effect, which means that the control process is more continuous. Alternatively, a pneumatic muscle cylinder with a similar functional behavior can also be used.
  • the axis of rotation of the tensioning roller can be adjusted in at least one plane. It is particularly advantageous if this plane is selected parallel to the material surface to be ground. As a result, the actuator can be constructed in a particularly simple manner.
  • the controller is a proportional controller.
  • This proportional controller has a particularly simple design and is easy to implement, e.g. in the form of a solenoid valve, which adjusts the pneumatic pressure supplied to the actuator.
  • control loop also has an integral and/or differential behavior.
  • This integral behavior of the control loop improves the control in such a way that the permanent setpoint value deviation typical of a proportional controller is minimized.
  • a differential behavior increases the control speed of the control loop.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic structure of a control circuit 10 for controlling the position of a grinding belt 12.
  • the grinding belt 12 is guided over a tensioning roller 14 and a grinding roller 16.
  • the grinding roller 16 presses the grinding belt 12 onto a workpiece 18 to be ground.
  • the grinding belt 12 is an endless grinding belt with a width of up to about 3 meters. Due to the manufacturing process, such a grinding belt 12 is not entirely uniform, ie the circumference at one belt edge usually differs from the circumference at the other belt edge. Therefore, in the grinding operation, the grinding belt 12 tends to migrate along a rotational axis 20 of the grinding roller 16, in addition to the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow P1. The lateral movement in the direction of the axis of rotation 20 is a disturbance variable. The position of the grinding belt 12 on the grinding roller 16 is monitored with the aid of the control circuit 10 and the disturbing movement is actively counteracted.
  • the light barrier 22 shown monitors the position of the belt edge of the grinding belt 12. Depending on the position of the belt edge, a detector in the light barrier 22 generates a continuous analog actual signal.
  • the analog actual signal is preferably a DC voltage signal, in this exemplary embodiment a voltage between 0 volts and +10 volts.
  • a signal of 0 volts corresponds to a position of the belt edge of the grinding belt 12 at one end of the detection range of the light barrier 22, while a signal of +10 volts means a position of the belt edge of the grinding belt 12 at the other detection limit of the light barrier 22.
  • This analog actual signal is in accordance with figure 1 supplied to a regulator 24, which provides the pneumatic pressure for a pneumatic actuator.
  • the controller 24 can be supplied with an analog desired signal generated by a desired value generator 26 .
  • the desired signal corresponds to a desired position of the grinding belt 12 on the grinding roller 16.
  • the desired position of the grinding belt 12 can be set at the desired value transmitter 26.
  • controller 24 is connected via a switching device 29 to the output of a controller S, which optionally supplies oscillating signals to controller 24 as reference variable w.
  • a sinusoidal signal, a trapezoidal signal and a triangular signal for the controller S are shown as examples of signals.
  • the controller 24 includes a summing element 28 and a proportional controller 30.
  • the summing element 28 is supplied with the desired signal and the actual signal.
  • the formed control deviation between The desired signal and the actual signal are fed to the proportional controller 30, which generates a corresponding control signal.
  • the pneumatic actuator 32 can process this exemplary pneumatic signal.
  • the actuator 32 which comprises a bellows cylinder, for example, changes the position of a rotational axis 34 of the tensioning roller 14 such that the grinding belt 12 maintains the desired position on the grinding roller 16 predetermined by the desired signal.
  • the change in position of the axis of rotation 34 is later in the Figures 3 and 4 described.
  • FIG 2 shows the light barrier 22 as an example of a position detector, which in this embodiment is a forked light barrier into which the grinding belt 12 dips with its side edge.
  • the fork light barrier 22 comprises a large-area light-emitting diode as a beam source 36 and a phototransistor 38 optimized for an emission wavelength of the light-emitting diode 36.
  • the light-emitting diode 36 and detector 38 are optimally aligned with one another on a U-shaped carrier 39.
  • the edge of the grinding belt 12 is guided in such a way that in its desired position on the grinding roller 16 it partially covers a light beam 40 emitted by the light-emitting diode 36 and thus partially shadows the detector 38 .
  • the electrical signal generated by the detector 38 is proportional to the amount of light arriving at the detector 38, which in turn is dependent on the position of the belt edge of the abrasive belt 12. If the abrasive belt 12 obscures the entire light beam 40, the detector 38 will output a 0 volt signal. If the light beam 40 at the detector 38 is not shadowed at all by the grinding belt 12, the detector 38 will output a signal of 10 volts. In the case of partial shadowing of the detector 38 the voltage signal of the detector 38 is proportional to the shading and thus dependent on the position of the grinding belt 12.
  • figure 3 shows a position of the tension roller 14 and the grinding belt 12 when the position of the tension roller 14 is adjusted by the actuator 32.
  • This actuator 32 has changed the position of the axis of rotation 34 of the tension roller 14 such that it assumes the position 14' shown in dashed lines.
  • the tensioning roller 14 is mounted centrally by a tower shaft 46 and can be pivoted about an axis of rotation 15 .
  • the actuator 32 engages the end 44 of the tension roller 14 and pivots this end 44 about the axis of rotation 15, resulting in the positions shown with 44' and 44".
  • Tension roller 14 called.
  • the tower shaft 46 supports the tensioning roller 14 in the middle and can pivot it about the axis of rotation 15 . If the tension roller 14 is cardanically connected to the tower roller 46 (cardanic suspension), it can also be pivoted in a third axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation 15, whereby it is the plane of the paper figure 4 leaves.
  • the tensioning roller 14 can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the tower shaft 46 in order to be able to tension grinding belts 12 of different lengths and to enable the replacement of grinding belts.
  • the tensioning roller 14 aligns itself by moving about the third axis in such a way that the grinding belt 12 touches the tensioning roller 14 at every point on the tensioning roller 14 .
  • the control circuit 10 ( figure 1 ) controlled via the controller S, which is advantageously designed as a programmable logic controller (PLC).
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • the signal generated by this controller S is supplied as a reference variable w to the controller 24, which controls the actuator 32 in such a way that the grinding belt 12 changes its lateral position in accordance with the time profile of the reference variable w.
  • a grinding pattern is generated on its surface, which in the steady state of the control circuit 10 closely follows the time profile of the command variable w.
  • the action of the control circuit 10 also eliminates random disturbances that can occur, for example, as a result of the irregularity of the abrasive belt 12.
  • the controller S includes a preferably programmable function generator, with the help of which periodic and non-periodic signals can be generated.
  • the time profile of the signal generated by the controller can contain time segments with a constant signal level.
  • the control circuit 10 causes a constant grinding pattern to be produced along a path on the surface of the workpiece. It is also possible to superimpose different sinusoidal signals, which, depending on the composition of Fourier components, lead to different time profiles of the command variable w, which provides the user with a wide range of grinding patterns for workpiece surfaces.
  • a user can sketch a desired grinding pattern for a desired surface structure.
  • a signal profile for the oscillating signal can then be generated, which belongs to the desired grinding pattern or comes as close as possible to it.
  • This signal curve is supplied to the controller 24 as a reference variable w, whereupon the belt grinding machine generates this target grinding pattern during the grinding process, or generates a pattern which comes as close as possible to this.
  • Another development provides that several grinding patterns and the associated signal curves for the oscillating signal are stored in a memory. A user can then select one of these different grinding patterns.
  • the controller S then feeds the associated signal curve to the controller 24 as a reference variable w, and the wide belt sander controlled in this way produces the sanding pattern on the surface of the workpiece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Affûteuse à bande large munie d'une bande d'affûtage (12), qui est guidée sur un rouleau d'affûtage (16) et un rouleau tendeur (14),
    le rouleau tendeur (14) étant réglable en termes de sa position au moyen d'un organe de réglage (32), de telle sorte que la bande d'affûtage (12) occupe une position prédéterminée sur le rouleau d'affûtage (16),
    la position d'un bord de la bande d'affûtage (12) étant détectée par un détecteur de position (22),
    le détecteur de position (22) étant adapté pour produire un signal réel continu dépendant de la position de la bande d'affûtage (12),
    l'affûteuse à bande large étant adaptée pour fournir le signal réel à un régulateur (24), qui commande en continu l'organe de réglage (32) de telle sorte que la bande d'affûtage (12) maintient une position prédéterminée sur le rouleau d'affûtage (16), caractérisée en ce que
    une commande (S) est adaptée pour produire un signal oscillant, qui est fourni en tant que grandeur de guidage (w) au régulateur (24) d'un circuit de régulation (10), et en ce que le régulateur (24) est adapté pour commander l'organe de réglage (32) de telle sorte que la bande d'affûtage (12) modifie sa position conformément à l'évolution temporelle de la grandeur de guidage (w), afin de produire un motif d'affûtage prédéfini sur une surface d'une pièce (18) se déplaçant constamment vers l'avant,
    la pièce (18) étant déplacée sous le rouleau d'affûtage (16) et le rouleau d'affûtage (16) pressant la bande d'affûtage (12) sur la pièce (18) à affûter,
    à la suite d'un déplacement constant vers l'avant de la pièce (18), un motif d'affûtage étant produit sur sa surface, qui, lorsque le circuit de régulation (10) est en régime établi, suit approximativement l'évolution temporelle de la grandeur de guidage (w),
    la commande (S) comprenant un générateur de fonctions programmable qui est adapté pour produire des signaux périodiques et non périodiques qui forment le signal oscillant en tant que grandeur de guidage (w),
    et plusieurs motifs d'affûtage et les évolutions de signal correspondantes pour le signal oscillant étant stockés dans une mémoire et la commande (S), lors de la sélection d'un des motifs d'affûtage, fournissant l'évolution de signal correspondante au régulateur (24) en tant que grandeur de guidage (w).
  2. Affûteuse à bande large selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le détecteur de position est configuré sous la forme d'une barrière lumineuse (22), d'un capteur optique à réflexion, d'un contacteur mécanique, d'un capteur capacitif ou inductif, d'un capteur ultra-sonore ou d'un capteur à air comprimé.
  3. Affûteuse à bande large selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'un organe de réglage pneumatique (32) ou un organe de réglage motorisé est prévu en tant qu'organe de réglage.
  4. Affûteuse à bande large selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de réglage (32) comprend au moins un cylindre à soufflet.
  5. Affûteuse à bande large selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'axe de rotation (34) du rouleau tendeur (14) est réglable dans au moins un plan.
  6. Affûteuse à bande large selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le régulateur (24) comprend un régulateur proportionnel (30) .
  7. Affûteuse à bande large selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le circuit de régulation (10) a un comportement intégral et/ou différentiel.
  8. Affûteuse à bande large selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le rouleau tendeur (14) est suspendu à la Cardan.
  9. Affûteuse à bande large selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la commande (S) produit en tant que signal oscillant un signal sinusoïdal, un signal triangulaire, un signal trapézoïdal ou une superposition de ces signaux.
  10. Affûteuse à bande large selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le signal oscillant contient, dans son évolution temporelle, des intervalles de temps de hauteur de signal constante.
  11. Procédé d'affûtage de la surface d'une pièce avec une affûteuse à bande large, comprenant une bande d'affûtage (12), qui est guidée par un rouleau d'affûtage (16) et un rouleau tendeur (14),
    le rouleau tendeur (14) étant réglable en termes de sa position au moyen d'un organe de réglage (32), de telle sorte que la bande d'affûtage (12) occupe une position prédéterminée sur le rouleau d'affûtage (16),
    la position d'un bord de la bande d'affûtage (12) étant détectée par un détecteur de position (22),
    le détecteur de position (22) produisant un signal réel continu en fonction de la position de la bande d'affûtage (12),
    et le signal réel étant fourni à un régulateur (24) qui commande en continu l'organe de réglage (32) de telle sorte que la bande d'affûtage (12) maintient une position prédéterminée sur le rouleau d'affûtage (16), caractérisé en ce que
    un signal oscillant est produit par une commande (S), qui est fourni en tant que grandeur de guidage (w) au régulateur (24) d'un circuit de régulation (10),
    en ce que le régulateur (24) commande l'organe de réglage (32) de telle sorte que la bande d'affûtage (12) modifie sa position conformément à l'évolution temporelle de la grandeur de guidage (w), afin de produire un motif d'affûtage (S) prédéfini sur une surface d'une pièce (18) se déplaçant constamment vers l'avant,
    la pièce (18) étant déplacée sous le rouleau d'affûtage (16) et le rouleau d'affûtage (16) pressant la bande d'affûtage (12) sur la pièce (18) à affûter,
    à la suite d'un déplacement constant vers l'avant de la pièce (18), un motif d'affûtage étant produit sur sa surface, qui, lorsque le circuit de régulation (10) est en régime établi, suit approximativement l'évolution temporelle de la grandeur de guidage (w),
    la commande (S) comprenant un générateur de fonctions programmable qui est adapté pour produire des signaux périodiques et non périodiques qui forment le signal oscillant en tant que grandeur de guidage (w),
    et plusieurs motifs d'affûtage et les évolutions de signal correspondantes pour le signal oscillant étant stockés dans une mémoire et la commande (S), lors de la sélection d'un des motifs d'affûtage, fournissant l'évolution de signal correspondante au régulateur (24) en tant que grandeur de guidage (w).
EP15185043.5A 2014-09-12 2015-09-14 Affuteuse a bande large dotee d'un reglage du rouleau tendeur pour produire un modele d'affutage predefini et procede associe Not-in-force EP2995421B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202014104310.1U DE202014104310U1 (de) 2014-09-12 2014-09-12 Breitbandschleifmaschine mit Regelung der Spannwalze zum Erzeugen eines vorbestimmten Schleifmusters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2995421A1 EP2995421A1 (fr) 2016-03-16
EP2995421B1 true EP2995421B1 (fr) 2022-01-19

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DE102017206179A1 (de) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-11 Homag Bohrsysteme Gmbh Schleifvorrichtung
DE102018114447A1 (de) * 2018-06-15 2019-12-19 Shl Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Schleifen und/oder Polieren von Werkstücken
EP3599050A1 (fr) 2018-07-27 2020-01-29 Steinemann Technology AG Dispositif de meulage pour une meuleuse
DE102019105098A1 (de) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Steinemann Technology Ag Schleifanordnung für eine Schleifmaschine
DE102018214048B4 (de) 2018-08-21 2020-11-26 Körber Supply Chain Automation Eisenberg GmbH Absetzband für eine Palettiervorrichtung
DE102018121139B3 (de) 2018-08-29 2019-09-26 Vsm Vereinigte Schmirgel- Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag Endlos-Schleifband für eine Schleifmaschine
CN112847062A (zh) * 2021-01-07 2021-05-28 福建居怡竹木业有限公司 一种仿古柔砂机连线机构
CN114083403B (zh) * 2022-01-19 2022-04-29 杭州金鱼家电有限公司 一种洗衣机盖板砂带打磨工作台
IT202300009645A1 (it) * 2023-05-12 2024-11-12 Scm Group Spa Macchina levigatrice per la lavorazione di pezzi
CN118068774B (zh) * 2024-02-20 2025-02-11 苏州铼钠克信息技术有限公司 振荡磨削路径的规划方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质

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DE3331429A1 (de) 1983-08-31 1985-03-21 Gebr. Bütfering Maschinenfabrik, 4720 Beckum Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung der lage eines objektes
US6126512A (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-10-03 Aplex Inc. Robust belt tracking and control system for hostile environment
US6899594B1 (en) * 2004-03-30 2005-05-31 Lam Research Corporation Relative lateral motion in linear CMP
DE102007012580A1 (de) * 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Steinemann Technology Ag Verfahren zur Bandführung einer Bandschleifmaschine
DE202012100928U1 (de) 2012-03-15 2013-05-27 Hans Weber Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Breitbandschleifmaschine mit lagegeregelter Spannwalze

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DE202014104310U1 (de) 2015-12-16

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