Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
  • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
  • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a starter motor vehicle, including a DC motor for starting a heat engine.
• ⁇ start-stop> motors with a reinforced starter which an electronic system stops when the vehicle reaches a zero speed and starts again with a simple press on the throttle control, increase the average number of cycles that a starter must be able to perform without excessive wear.
• the coils are composed of sections of conductive wire (especially copper) which form closed loops, rotating around inductive magnetic poles, usually magnets, located on a stator.
• section is meant a portion of conductor between a blade and a second blade, entering between the two blades at least once in a slot said notch input and in a second notch said notch output.
• each winding lane is composed of sections located under one pole.
• Each section can include several tricks.
• a turn is a portion of conductor passing through a first notch and coming out in a second notch, for example a conductor passing three times in the same two notches successively form three turns, it will be said that the section comprises three turns or three windings.
• the electromotive force (EMF) induced in each of the winding paths is produced by means of an inductor pole.
• the number of winding channels of a single nested winding is equal to the number of poles. It is also essential to use, in this case, a number of brushes equal to the number of inductive poles.
• the winding tracks are composed of sections in series. Each winding channel passes under multiple inductive poles, generally all of them. In a corrugated winding of the prior art, the number of winding channels is always equal to 2.
• the switched currents are twice as large, and the arcs and wear they cause are therefore larger as a result.
• the advantage of the corrugated winding with respect to the nested winding is that a multitude of inductive poles, generally all of them, participate in inducing a winding. FEM in each of the winding lanes.
• FEM in each of the winding lanes.
• a disadvantage of the nested winding with respect to the corrugated winding is that the magnetic poles must be carefully balanced in order to avoid the electrical imbalance of the winding paths and thus additional Joules losses. Balancing better quality requires more manufacturing steps, increasing the manufacturing time as well as their cost price.
• the invention relates to a motor starter rotor, comprising:
• a collector comprising a plurality of blades, intended to be in successive contact with brushes of a stator of the starter
• a winding comprising sections of conducting wire connecting two blades to each other, respectively input and output of the considered section, said sections forming a magnetic circuit with 2p induced poles, where p is between two and four, characterized in that an inlet blade of a first section is separated from at least one blade of an inlet blade of a second section in series with the first section, said second section being separated from said first section by PJ consecutive sections in series.
• a blade is both an entrance blade for one section and an exit blade for another section in series.
• the entry blade of the first section means the blade connected to the portion of the conductor of the first section, the entry blade not being the blade connected to the conductor of the consecutive adjacent section in series between the first section and the second section.
• input blade of the second section is meant the blade connected to one of the consecutive adjacent series sections located between the first section and the second section.
• blade entry a blade for example by traversing from the first to the second section in the trigonometric direction the right blade connected to the section when looking at the rotor having the collector in front of the winding.
• the entry blade of a section means the first blade through which each section is scanned.
• consecutive p-J sections in series is meant the P sections electrically connected in series between the first and the second section.
• the rotor thus obtained combines the advantages of corrugated and nested winding rotors. Indeed, such a corrugated winding has the advantage of having in the same manner as a nested winding a greater number of winding paths fed in parallel. In addition, it also solves the problem of large current arcs during switching causing wear of the corrugated coil. Indeed, the number of blades plus one between the blade of entry of the first section and the blade of entry of the second section is equal to the number of pairs of winding lanes.
• the starter rotor may further include one or more of the following features.
• the rotor may have a multiple number of p of sections, and the sections form a plurality of isolated and parallel sub-coils relative to one another.
• the rotor has a number of non-multiple sections of p, and the sections form a single loop by serializing the sections.
• the fact that the rotor comprises a number of non-multiple sections of p implies that the rotor has a magnetic asymmetrical which allows the rotor to make less magnetic noise.
• the fact that each pole of the stator is not under the same number of notches makes it possible to create this magnetic dissymmetry.
• the rotor has a number of non-multiple sections of p, and the sections form a plurality of isolated and parallel sub-coils relative to one another.
• the fact that the rotor comprises a number of non-multiple sections of p implies that the rotor has a magnetic asymmetrical which allows the rotor to make less magnetic noise. Indeed, the fact that each pole of the stator is not under the same number of notches allows to create this magnetic dissymmetry
• Each section comprises at least one winding forming a turn between their starting blade and their output blade.
• Each section includes several tours. This winding also allows to increase the resistance of the winding and thus it makes it possible to increase the ampere - turns to the armature and thus to increase the motor torque produced.
• each section includes a single turn. This winding allows to be simple to manufacture and fast and in that it allows the use of preformed pins.
• the invention also relates to the starter for a motor vehicle engine associated with:
• stator having a number 2p, where p is between two and four, magnetic poles, and electric brushes for feeding a rotor collector
• the rotor advantageously comprises a number of sections between nineteen and thirty, and a tubular metal enclosure of diameter between sixty and ninety millimeters.
• the rotor has a number of sections between thirty and thirty-five, and in that the starter comprises a tubular metal enclosure of diameter between ninety and one hundred and thirty millimeters.
• At least two consecutive brushes and / or two consecutive magnetic poles are mechanically offset from one another by an angle equal to three hundred and sixty degrees divided by the number of poles plus or minus an angle of one quarter blade to a blade and a half.
• the brushes and the blades are advantageously dimensioned so as to obtain a blade-blade overlap ratio of between 1.5 and 2. This makes it possible to reduce the noise emitted by the brush / collector system.
• the starter is designed so that these winding paths pass under at least two poles of different polarity.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a starter rotor according to the invention
• FIG. 2a shows schematically a winding part for the rotor of FIG. 1
• FIG. 2b schematically shows the other part of the winding of FIG. 2
• FIG. 3 schematically shows another embodiment of winding.
• FIG. 4 schematically shows a particular embodiment of a conductor wire section for winding according to the invention
• FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a stator for a starter rotor according to the invention
• FIG. schematically shows an embodiment of nested winding of the prior art.
• FIGS. 7a to 7d schematically represent winding portion sections of FIGS. 2a and 2b through which current flows as well as brushes connected to the collector.
• Figure 8 schematically shows another embodiment of winding.
• Figure 9 shows schematically another embodiment of winding.
• Figure 1 is schematically shown an example of a starter rotor 1 for a motor vehicle.
• the rotor 1 comprises a collector 3 and a winding 5 around a central shaft 7.
• the collector 3 comprises a plurality of blades 9 shown in FIG. 1.
• Said blades 9 comprise in particular metal blades, for example made of steel or copper, fixed on an insulating support (not visible in FIG. 1).
• the brushes 11 are for example graphite brushes, maintained in contact with the blades 9 for example by means of springs , unrepresented.
• Magnetic poles, not shown, of the stator are intended to be regularly distributed around the rotor 1, forming the inductor for the corresponding poles of the armature formed by the winding 5 of the rotor 1.
• the magnetic poles are 2p , p varying from two to four in the case of thermal motor starters which are electric motors with a small number of poles, unlike some electrical power machines which can have tens or even hundreds of poles.
• a motor vehicle starter, in particular a car can have only a small pole because the number of poles is directly related to the number of notches, whereas the motor part of a starter must have the smallest possible size. .
• the coil 5 comprises conductive wires 13, here copper wires of circular section and deformed in the notches (flattened), braided on the periphery of a ferromagnetic core 15, for example a stack of stacked sheets.
• the copper wires may also be of flat section.
• the winding 5 is schematically represented in FIGS. 2a, 2b, where the blades
• the blades 9 are represented by rectangles from which lead son 13. To better represent the winding 5, it is here laid flat: the blades 9 numbered 1 to 26 are shown in the same plane, the blade 9 numbered 26 being in the winding, followed by the blade 9 numbered 1.
• the son son 13 are here represented by lines, a section 17 of conductive wire 13 from a blade 9 starting and arriving at a blade 9 output. Sections 17 are numbered in Roman numeral from I to XIII according to the direction of travel of a current from a first blade 9 numbered 1 and propagating in the wire sections 17 in series with said first blade 9 numbered 1.
• the first section 17, numbered I starts from the blade 9 numbered 1, and joins the blade 9 numbered 13.
• the conductive son 13 form several sub-coils 19a and 19b, that is to say here successive sections 17 forming a closed loop.
• the winding is composed of two sub-coils: 19a in FIG. 2a, 19b in FIG. 2b, each forming a single-corrugated winding, of each thirteen sections 17.
• These two sub-coils forming single windings corrugated 19a, 19b are arranged in parallel, the sections 17 of each of said single-corrugated windings 19a, 19b being insulated from those of the other.
• the total number of twenty-six sections 17 is to be compared to the number characteristic of nineteen blades 9 of the single-wave corrugations 5 of the state of the art.
• Each of the sub-coils 19a, 19b forming single-corrugated windings here comprises thirteen sections 17 and 13 blades. Between the numbered entry blade 1 of section numbered I and the numbered entry blade 25 of section III, there is a blade. The fact that these two input blades of the first and second sections are separated by at least one blade, in this case a blade, shows that this winding is a multiple corrugated winding according to the invention.
• FIG 3. shows the form of representation of Figures 2a, 2b, with the winding 5 shown in full on a single figure.
• the winding 5 is composed of three loops, each consisting of 9 sections 17.
• a section numbered in Roman numeral I is shown. This section I comprises a portion of conductor starting from the numbered blade 1 to the numbered blade 13.
• a table below represents the section numbers in series with their respective blades numbered in FIG. 3 as well as the number of loops.
• a first blade 9 of entry of a first section 17 is separated from an output blade 9 of a second section 17 consecutive in series by a number equal to m - 1 of blades 9, where m is the number of pairs of winding channels, m therefore corresponds to 1 + the number of blades between the blade (9) of entry of a first section and a blade (9) of entry of a second section in series with the first section, said second section being separated from said first section of pJ consecutive section (s) in series.
• the number of blades between the first section here for example the section numbered I and a second section numbered III is separated from P (number of pairs of poles) section minus one, or a section numbered II.
• P number of pairs of poles
• a section numbered II Between the numbered entry blade 1 of section numbered I and the numbered entry blade 25 of section III, there are two blades.
• P number of pairs of poles
• m 2 (four winding channels).
• the consecutive P-section in series with Section I is always Section III.
• Figures 7a to 7d shows schematically the winding of Figures 2a and 2b decomposed. Specifically, Figs. 7a and 7b show sections corresponding to the sections of a loop shown in Fig. 2a and Figs. 7c and 7d show sections corresponding to sections of a loop shown in Fig. 2b.
• Figure 7a shows the winding loop of Figure 2a with 4 brushes, two positive brushes 1+ and 2+ and two negative brushes 1- and 2-. In this configuration, one of the winding paths is represented by arrows in this figure going from the brush 2+ connected to the numbered blade 13 of the commutator to the brush 2 by means of several sections (sections ii, iii, iv, v, vi).
• Figure 7b also shows the winding loop of Figure 2a with 4 brushes, two positive brushes 1+ and 2+ and two negative brushes 1- and 2-.
• another of the winding paths is represented by arrows in this FIG. 7b which passes from the brush 2+ connected to the numbered blade 15 of the commutator to the brush 1 connected to the numbered blade 7 by means of several other sections (sections xii, xi, x, ix, viii).
• the brush 1+ connected to the blade 9 numbered 1 is directly connected to the blade 9 numbered 13 connected to the brush 2+ through the section numbered I.
• section I connects the two brushes of positive polarity 1+ and 2+, this section is in switching step.
• Figure 7c also shows the winding loop of Figure 2b with 4 brushes, two positive brushes 1+ and 2+ and two negative brushes 1- and 2-.
• another of the winding channels is represented by arrows in this FIG. 7c which passes from the brush 1+ connected to the numbered blade 26 of the commutator to the brush 1 connected to the numbered blade 8 by means of several other sections. (sections iii ', iv', v ', vi', vii ').
• Figure 7d also shows the winding loop of Figure 2b with 4 brushes, two positive brushes 1+ and 2+ and two negative brushes 1- and 2-.
• another of the winding channels is represented by arrows in this FIG. 7c which passes from the broom 1+ also connected the numbered blade 26 of the collector to the broom 1 connected to the numbered blade 8 by means of several other sections. (sections xiii ', xii', xi ', x', ix ').
• the brush 1+ connected to the blade 9 numbered 2 is directly connected to the blade 9 numbered 14 connected to the brush 2+ through the section numbered I '. It follows that section I 'connects the two brushes of positive polarity 1+ and 2+, this section is in switching step.
• the following table shows the number of blades 9 for several cases, varying with the number p (of 2p the number of poles), and m the number of pairs
• switches which correspond to the current reversals when a brush 11 comes into contact with or leaves a blade 9, represent a pressure drop, proportional to their frequency and duration.
• the sub-coils are isolated from each other and arranged in parallel (case of Figures 2a, 2b).
• the sub-coils can either be isolated from each other and arranged in parallel (case of Figure 3) or comprise a single sub-coil forming a single loop.
• the fact that the rotor comprises a number of non-multiple sections of p implies that the rotor has a magnetic asymmetrical which allows the rotor to make less magnetic noise. Indeed, the fact that each pole of the stator is not under the same number of notches allows to create this magnetic dissymmetry
• the number of blades between the first section for example the section numbered I and a second section numbered IV corresponding to the section separated from P (number of pairs of poles) section minus one, or two numbered sections II and III with respect to the first section I.
• the numbered entry blade 1 of the numbered section 1 and the numbered entry blade 25 of the section IV there are three blades. The fact that these two input blades of the first and second sections are separated by at least one blade shows that this winding is according to the invention.
• Figure 9 shows a winding whose sections form a single loop.
• the number of sections 17 is twenty-six, ie a non-multiple number of P (pole pairs) which is equal to 3 and m is equal to 5 (number of pairs of winding channels).
• the number of blades between the first section for example the section numbered I and a second section numbered IV corresponding to the section separated from P section minus one (Pl) is two sections numbered II and III, relative to in section IV. Between the numbered entry blade 1 of section numbered I and the numbered entry blade 22 of section IV, there are four blades. The fact that these two blades of entries of the first and second sections are separated by at least one blade demonstrates that this winding is according to The invention.
• the advantage of a single loop winding is that the winding is carried out in a single step.
• a table below shows the section numbers in series with their respective blades numbered in Figure 9 as well as the number of loops.
• the typical diameter of the starters is of the order of sixty to eighty millimeters for cars and light vehicles, and of the order of ninety to one hundred and thirty millimeters in the case of trucks and heavy vehicles.
• the blades 9 are possibly in larger numbers, of the order of thirty to thirty-five.
• Figure 4 shows an additional section embodiment 17 in which the sections 17 form windings between their starting blade 9 and their output blade 9.
• the sections 17 are folded back on themselves, so that they make at least two turns between the blade 9 input and the blade 9 output.
• two turns we mean passing at least twice in the notches of the section.
• rotor 1 comprise a multiple notch number of P and thus a radial symmetry.
• This configuration is disadvised by the teachings of those skilled in the art, because of the symmetry between the polarity of the stator and the number of notches in the rotor creating magnetic noises.
• This configuration causes fluctuating torques of greater amplitude than the configuration when the number of notches is not multiple of P.
• the reluctance torques occur when a conductor wire 13 traversed by the current coming from the brushes 11 enters the field of one of the magnets which tends to repel it at first, going against the torque to be supplied.
• the magnets 25 are distributed inside the enclosure 23, against the inner wall thereof, for example being glued, screwed or riveted.
• Other fastening means for example fastening by shape cooperation, are also applicable.
• the magnets 25 are usually regularly distributed, with significant symmetry. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, this symmetry is broken by angularly shifting at least one, here two, magnets of respective angles a, b. In this way the reluctance torques occur successively and not synchronously.
• the torque curve provided by the starter is smoothed.
• the two consecutive magnetic poles 27 are offset from each other by an angle equal to three hundred and sixty divided by the number of poles plus or minus an angle ranging from one quarter blade to one 9 and one half blade.
• angles a and b are preferably of different values, and relatively small, for example of the order of the angle covered by a blade 9.
• the stator 21 brooms usually cover a number of blades 9 plus the interlam between one and two, this number being called the sweeping cover.
• this recovery rate is of the order typically 1, 6.
• the recovery rate is of the order of 1.2 to 1.4.
• the brushes 11 of the stator 21 may, in the embodiments shown, be sized so as to obtain a blade-to-blade overlap ratio of the order of 1.5 to 1.8, greater than the rate of the single-corrugated windings of FIG. state of the art. These higher levels are in particular of the order of magnitude (or higher) of the overlap rates of the single-nested coils of the state of the art.
• a recovery rate of 1.2 to 1.4 is disadvantageous in that a large value of said recovery rate, for example 1.6 as in the case of nested coils, implies faster switching, and thus increased risk. deterioration of the brush-collector system by electric arcs.
• a higher level of sweeper recovery rate, such as 1.5 to 1.8 achieved by the invention, also reduces the noise generated by the starter, but reduces the electromagnetic torque.
• the offset is achieved no longer between the magnetic poles but between two consecutive brushes of different polarities shifted one of the other at an angle equal to three hundred and sixty divided by the number of poles plus or minus an angle from a quarter blade to a blade (9) and a half.
• the offset is made between angularly consecutive magnetic poles and two angularly consecutive brushes.
• windings 5 make it possible to obtain rotors 1 combining the advantages of the nested and corrugated coils, for a cost that is potentially slightly higher than the previous ones, while making it possible to produce a starter with properties interesting despite the recommendation usually recognized not to implement an even number of sections 17 and blades 9, because of the reluctance couples entering into play.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
• Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
• Dc Machiner (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-07-04 FR FR1356573A patent/FR3008253B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-07-04 WO PCT/FR2014/051718 patent/WO2015001268A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2014-07-04 EP EP14749906.5A patent/EP3017526A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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