EP3027341B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un piston à metal léger à l'aide d'un insert - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un piston à metal léger à l'aide d'un insert Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3027341B1
EP3027341B1 EP14744340.2A EP14744340A EP3027341B1 EP 3027341 B1 EP3027341 B1 EP 3027341B1 EP 14744340 A EP14744340 A EP 14744340A EP 3027341 B1 EP3027341 B1 EP 3027341B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
particles
manufacturing
insertion part
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14744340.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3027341A1 (fr
Inventor
Udo Rotmann
Roland Ruch
Patrick Sutter
Frank Winger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP3027341A1 publication Critical patent/EP3027341A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
    • B22D19/0027—Cylinders, pistons pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/008—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of engine cylinder parts or of piston parts other than piston rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a light metal piston using an insert.
  • Light metal pistons have long been used in internal combustion engines due to their lower weight and lower inertial forces.
  • reinforcements in the form of so-called ring carriers are used.
  • iron alloys come into consideration as a material for such ring carriers, which usually have a coefficient of expansion which is as similar as possible to that of the piston material.
  • thermal stresses at the interfaces can lead to high stresses, which are the greater, the more different the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials used for the piston on the one hand and the ring carrier on the other.
  • a crack between the ring carrier and the piston usually leads to failure of the engine and must therefore be avoided at all costs.
  • the bond between the ring carrier and the piston is usually metallurgically achieved by the known Alfinier perspectives in which the ring carrier is so long immersed in an aluminum melt until a diffusion layer has formed. Then this alfin Arthur ring carrier is casted during casting of the piston of the melt of the piston alloy, during which the alf binding occurs during the following solidification.
  • From the DE 34 18 405 C2 is a composite die casting method for the production of aluminum pistons for internal combustion engines, in which a ring carrier made of metal foam of the materials nickel, copper, iron or alloys thereof with a volume fraction of the piston of 3-50% at a casting pressure of at least 392 bar in the die-cast composite be infiltrated with the piston alloy.
  • a metallurgical bond can be produced by a subsequent multi-stage heat treatment, for example, solution annealing, aging, or the like.
  • EP 1 138 418 A2 Another method of manufacturing a piston is known from EP 1 138 418 A2 known.
  • an insert is made from a powder.
  • the insert is then dipped in a molten metal and cooled. Thereafter, the insert is placed in a mold and poured with a molten metal.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of providing an improved embodiment for a method for producing an aluminum piston with an insert, which in particular enables a better infiltrability of the insert.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea of choosing a sintered material for an infiltratable insert a powder with a completely novel grain composition in the manner of a new grading curve, whereby the open porosity and thus the infiltration of the insert made of this sintered material is significantly improved ,
  • This is achieved, for example, in that the grading curve is narrower, that is to say the size distribution of the individual sintered particles is narrower and thus the sintering powder from which the sintered material is produced is more homogeneous than usual.
  • the powder used according to the invention comprises at least iron or its alloys, preferably also nickel, copper or their alloys, and in this case comprises particles of different particle sizes, with at most 4% by volume of the powder consisting of particles having a diameter of less than 75 ⁇ m. At least 28% vol., Preferably at least 50% vol. and in one particularly preferred embodiment at least 88% vol. of the powder sintered particles having a diameter greater than 150 microns. This makes it possible to form the powdery sintered material coarser than usual, wherein usually 90% of the sintered particles have a diameter of less than 150 microns. In addition to the limitation of particles with a diameter of less than 75 microns to a maximum of 4% vol.
  • the size distribution of the individual particles is made significantly narrower, the limitation of the grain sizes below the threshold, in particular the previously occurring filling of pores, which are then no longer available for infiltration limited.
  • a narrow restriction of the particle sizes downwards is not provided, as a result of which a significantly increased degree of filling of the pores remaining between larger sintered particles is achieved.
  • the powder used for the sintered material of the insert has a proportion of 0-4.0% vol. Particles with a diameter of 0-75 ⁇ m. In one embodiment, at most 10% vol., Preferably at most 2% vol. of the powder on particles with a diameter of 75-106 .mu.m, In a particularly preferred embodiment further comprise at most 6% vol. of the powder particle diameter in the range of 106-150 ⁇ m on. Accordingly, in this preferred embodiment at least 88% vol. of the powder particle diameter larger than 150 ⁇ m on.
  • the powder can be achieved that the remaining between the individual particles in the sintered material and infiltratable by a later light metal during the casting of the light metal piston pores are not completely filled, so that these pores for infiltration with the light metal available stand, whereby a significantly improved bond between the insert, which may be formed in a piston, for example, as a ring carrier, as a bowl edge or as a bolt eye, can be achieved.
  • At least 50% vol. of the powder particle diameter of 106-212 ⁇ m Due to the high powder content within a relatively narrow particle size range, the formation of a high porosity and thus an easily infiltrated sintered material is promoted. In another embodiment accounts for at least 50% Vol. on particles with diameters greater than 212 ⁇ m. Due to the high proportion of larger particles, a coarse-pored structure is achieved, which also facilitates infiltration.
  • a powder suitable for producing the sintered material according to the invention has a proportion of 0.5 to 6.0% by volume. Particles with a diameter of 106-150 ⁇ m.
  • the mentioned lower limit makes it clear that with such a sieving line or particle size distribution ultrafine particles for complete filling of the pores required for the infiltration are not available or only to an insufficient extent.
  • the sintered insert produced from the sintered material according to the invention has 50-80% pores, that is to say a 50-80% porosity, which optionally can be filled at least partially by the light metal.
  • a powder which is relatively homogeneous in terms of particle size not only is the porosity of the sintered material produced higher, but the individual pores are also substantially larger, which further improves flow through with a light metal melt.
  • At least individual sintered particles of the sintered material are coated with a binder, for example with a resin, which increases the green state stability and burns during sintering.
  • a resin which increases the green state stability and burns during sintering.
  • the resin firmly holds the individual sintered particles together and thus improves the strength of the pressed green compact.
  • Such a resin thus increases the dimensional accuracy of the first not yet sintered insert and thereby facilitates its damage-free handling.
  • the binder or the resin provides a porosity the Einlegeteils reducing coating of individual sintered particles, which deteriorates the infiltration and thus the connection between the light metal of the piston and the insert during the subsequent casting of the light metal piston.
  • the binder burns the resin and thus the previously reduced porosity of this again so that it can be used for the infiltration process.
  • the binder may also be configured to degrade during sintering by a different chemical reaction than oxidation.
  • the insert is fed during sintering instead of air another suitable gas, such as an endo gas.
  • a density of the insert is about 2.5-4.7g / cm 3 .
  • the density of aluminum is, for example, about 2.7 g / cm 3 , so that with an infiltration of the insert with light metal, such as aluminum, always a density of less than 5g / cm 3 can be achieved. Due to its high porosity and its comparatively low density, the insert thus increases the weight of the light metal piston by a much smaller amount than a massive cast part made of an iron alloy.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a light metal piston, for example a magnesium or aluminum piston, using an insert described above, in which the liquid light metal is poured under a casting pressure of about 0.5-15 bar in a mold and in the Mold arranged insert infiltrated.
  • hypoeutectic alloys of aluminum are used with silicon and / or copper. This avoids the formation of Si or Cu phases, which may arise in particular in a hypereutectic Al alloy. This is undesirable because, when infiltrated, the sintered material may act like a filter whose pores do not allow these phases to pass, so that they accumulate on its surface.
  • the layer formed thereby separates the Insertion of the cast piston body and forms a vulnerability, which can lead to rejects or a subsequent failure of the piston.
  • the casting of the light metal piston can be done with or without back pressure, the casting pressure should be greater by at least 0.1 bar than the back pressure.
  • the casting of the light metal piston is carried out under protective gas, in particular using nitrogen or argon.
  • protective gas in particular using nitrogen or argon.
  • the cast piston is solution annealed or overaged.
  • so-called precipitation hardening can take place by solution heat treatment, as a result of which the strength of the light metal piston can be increased.
  • the curing can be done in principle in three stages, namely the actual solution annealing, quenching and subsequent aging (hot or cold).
  • the solution heat treatment is carried out at temperatures of about 480 ° to about 50 ° C, wherein a temperature is selected at which a sufficient amount of the alloying elements is dissolved in the solid solution, so that the hardening effect occurs after quenching and aging.
  • the overaging of such an aluminum alloy can also take place.
  • the mold is usually vented during the casting of the aluminum piston to achieve complete filling of the mold and an optimized infiltration process of the insert.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un piston en métal léger, en particulier d'un piston en aluminium, dans lequel
    - une pièce d'insertion est fabriquée par frittage en utilisant une poudre, laquelle est constituée d'une poudre présentant au moins du fer ou des alliages de celui-ci, dans lequel la poudre comprend des particules de différentes tailles, et au plus 4 % en volume de la poudre sont constitués de particules avec un diamètre inférieur à 75 µm,
    - le métal léger liquide, en particulier l'aluminium, est introduit dans un moule de coulée sous une pression de coulée de 0,5 à 15 bars, et la pièce d'insertion agencée dans le moule de coulée est infiltrée.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le piston en métal léger est coulé sous gaz inerte, en particulier de l'azote ou de l'argon, et/ou
    - la coulée survient sous contre-pression, dans lequel la contre-pression est inférieure à 0,1 bar par rapport à la pression de coulée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le piston coulé est recuit en solution ou vieilli.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une poudre est utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce d'insertion, qui présente une proportion d'au plus 10 % en volume de particules avec un diamètre de 75 à 106 µm.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une poudre est utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce d'insertion, qui présente une proportion d'au moins 28 % en volume de particules avec un diamètre supérieur à 150 µm.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une poudre est utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce d'insertion, qui présente une proportion d'au moins 50% en volume de particules avec un diamètre supérieur à 150 µm.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une poudre est utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce d'insertion, qui présente une proportion d'au moins 88 % en volume de particules avec un diamètre supérieur à 150 µm.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une poudre est utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce d'insertion, qui présente une proportion d'au moins 50 % en volume de particules avec un diamètre de 106 à 212 µm.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une poudre est utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce d'insertion, qui présente une proportion d'au moins 50 % en volume de particules d'un diamètre supérieur à 212 µm.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une poudre contenant du nickel, du cuivre ou des alliages de ceux-ci est également utilisée pour fabriquer la pièce d'insertion.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    au moins des particules de frittage individuelles sont revêtues d'un liant, en particulier d'une résine, conçu pour produire une stabilité à l'état vert permettant de manipuler le compact vert avant le frittage et de le brûler pendant le frittage.
EP14744340.2A 2013-07-31 2014-07-28 Procédé de fabrication d'un piston à metal léger à l'aide d'un insert Active EP3027341B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013215020.2A DE102013215020A1 (de) 2013-07-31 2013-07-31 Infiltrierbares Einlegeteil
PCT/EP2014/066168 WO2015014787A1 (fr) 2013-07-31 2014-07-28 Pièce d'insertion infiltrable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3027341A1 EP3027341A1 (fr) 2016-06-08
EP3027341B1 true EP3027341B1 (fr) 2019-09-04

Family

ID=51228446

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14744340.2A Active EP3027341B1 (fr) 2013-07-31 2014-07-28 Procédé de fabrication d'un piston à metal léger à l'aide d'un insert

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10207319B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3027341B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6461954B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN105451910B (fr)
BR (1) BR112016001689B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013215020A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015014787A1 (fr)

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DE102015216321A1 (de) * 2015-08-26 2017-03-02 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens
DE102015224588A1 (de) 2015-12-08 2017-06-08 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines porösen Formkörpers
IT201600126019A1 (it) * 2016-12-14 2018-06-14 Asso Werke S R L Pistone con anello alfin cofuso e processo per ottenerlo
DE102018219691A1 (de) * 2018-11-16 2020-05-20 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sintermaterials auf pulvermetallurgischem Wege
CN111842852A (zh) * 2020-07-30 2020-10-30 兰州理工大学 液模锻浸渗制备耐磨耐蚀高强度铜及铜合金结构件的方法
US20220220920A1 (en) * 2021-01-08 2022-07-14 Materion Corporation Piston ring groove insert and methods of making

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20160175927A1 (en) 2016-06-23
BR112016001689A2 (pt) 2017-08-01
CN105451910A (zh) 2016-03-30
JP2016535195A (ja) 2016-11-10
EP3027341A1 (fr) 2016-06-08
BR112016001689B1 (pt) 2020-10-20
CN105451910B (zh) 2019-04-26
JP6461954B2 (ja) 2019-01-30
US10207319B2 (en) 2019-02-19
WO2015014787A1 (fr) 2015-02-05
DE102013215020A1 (de) 2015-02-05

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