EP3044283A1 - Einstellung der eigenschaften eines retinalproteins in einem photochromen erzeugnis - Google Patents
Einstellung der eigenschaften eines retinalproteins in einem photochromen erzeugnisInfo
- Publication number
- EP3044283A1 EP3044283A1 EP14755673.2A EP14755673A EP3044283A1 EP 3044283 A1 EP3044283 A1 EP 3044283A1 EP 14755673 A EP14755673 A EP 14755673A EP 3044283 A1 EP3044283 A1 EP 3044283A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- color
- color change
- product
- retinal protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005409 triarylsulfonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/29—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for multicolour effects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/04—Printing inks based on proteins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/23—Identity cards
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/24—Passports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/25—Public transport tickets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/378—Special inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
- C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/50—Sympathetic, colour changing or similar inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
- C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a product with a paint application, which contains a retinal protein, in particular bacteriorhodopsin, wherein the retinal protein on exposure to light of suitable wavelength composition shows a light-induced color change (photochromism). Furthermore, the invention relates to a safety-related product with such a product and a production method for such a product.
- Photochromic materials exhibit a photoinduced color change during and / or after exposure to light of suitable wavelength composition. Depending on the material, the given chemical conditions and the spectral irradiance or radiation intensity, the color change typically takes place within milliseconds to a few seconds. After the end of the exposure, many photochromic materials return to the original color by thermal relaxation, usually within milliseconds to hours. Frequently, this relaxation process can be accelerated by irradiation with suitable light.
- Photochromic materials based on retinal proteins have also become known, some of which have also been produced biochemically.
- a particularly well-studied photochromic system is based on the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR), which can be obtained from the extremophilic organism Halobacterium salinarum.
- BR membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin
- the BR system is the subject of a number of patent documents, e.g., EP-A-0 406 850; EP-A-0 487 099; EP-A-0 655 162; EP-A-0 532 029; EP-A-1 459 301; WO-A-00/59731; WO-A-03 / 052,701; WO-A-00/58450; WO-A-2010/124908.
- retinal proteins such as BR usually act as proton pumps. It is known that the color change properties of retinal proteins, in particular the photosensitivity and the kinetics of the color change, depend on the proton availability for the membrane-bound retinal molecule.
- Photochromic materials based on retinal proteins are particularly suitable for use as security features for securing authenticity, for serialization or individualization, in particular with regard to the protection against forgery of documents or objects, since the characteristic color change is difficult to reproduce or imitate. However, the color change is, so to speak, only a one-dimensional feature. It is therefore desirable to modify retinal protein-based products to have other characteristics which are not easy to mimic, thereby improving the safety of security features based thereon. Even in the mere decorative use of photochromic materials, it is desirable to provide the color change even more attractive features aside.
- the present invention provides a product having a substrate and a paint applied thereto.
- the paint application has in a first and in a second area element in each case at least one color layer with a Retinal protein on, which shows a change of color when illuminated.
- at least one functional layer is present in at least one of the surface elements, which changes the proton availability for the retinal protein in the relevant surface element, so that the color change of the retinal protein in the first and in the second surface element shows a different time dependence and / or photosensitivity under the same environmental conditions.
- the color application thus shows a light-induced color change (photochromism) during or after illumination.
- This color change is preferably with the bare, i. unarmed eye perceptible.
- the kinetics and / or sensitivity of the color change is spatially modulated by the functional layer in that the functional layer modulates the proton availability.
- the product thus obtains another feature, namely a spatial modulation of the time dependence or sensitivity of the color change.
- Different surface elements of the product thus show the color change with different time constants or sensitivities. In this way, a further dimension is created, which makes the product unique beyond the mere presence of the color change.
- the layout of a banknote may e.g.
- the first and second surface element preferably a color change that occurs in the first and second surface element between substantially the same color values.
- the visual effect differs in the first and second surface elements substantially only by its time dependence and / or photosensitivity, while all other optically easily perceivable characteristics such as those involved Color values in the first and second surface element are substantially equal.
- the first and the second surface element preferably even contain the same formulation of the retinal protein.
- a retinal protein of the above-mentioned kind is an example of a color-changing pigment, and therefore, in the following, reference will be made in part generally to color-changing pigments.
- the application of paint can consist of a single layer or comprise several layers.
- the application of paint may have further functional layers, e.g. magnetic or electrically conductive layers, primer layers, release layers, protective layers and / or cover layers such as lacquer layers etc., and / or one or more further color layers of a "normal" ink that does not produce a color change and / or one or more further color layers from a printing ink which produces a different temporal variable visual effect than a color change, eg phosphorescence
- Such layers can be present over the entire surface or only over part of the surface.
- the application of paint can be applied to the substrate by any printing or coating method, in particular printed, rolled, transferred, cast, sprayed or otherwise applied.
- the ink producing the time-varying effect may be e.g. be applied as a highly viscous mass, as a dry matter, as a color system, as a paint system, coating system, etc.
- printing ink is to be understood as a generic term which is not to be interpreted as limiting the order process, Alternatively, the term “ink” is sometimes used below as a synonym.
- the color change preferably occurs during or after exposure to light in the visible wavelength range (about 380 to 750 ⁇ m).
- the color change occurs both in the first and in the second surface element with a time dependency that is directly perceptible by the human eye, in particular with a characteristic time constant of 0.5 second to 30 seconds.
- the product is particularly well suited for use as a so-called Level 1 security feature (low security feature), ie as a security feature associated with the naked eye can be perceived.
- the color change occurs at least in one of the two surface elements with a time dependence, which is faster than can be perceived by the mere human eye.
- the characteristic time constant for the color change in both the first and second area elements is preferably between 5 milliseconds and 60 seconds.
- the characteristic time constants in the first and second surface element are in a ratio of at least 1.2, preferably at least 2.0. If the color change is to be perceptible to the mere human eye, the time constants in absolute terms preferably differ by at least 0.5 seconds.
- the characteristic time constant can be defined as follows: If the visual effect is due to the transition of a population of chromophores from an initial state (eg, starting color) to a final state (eg, end color), the time constant is that time in which the population P (t) of the initial state has fallen to a factor 1 / e of the initial value Po. In the case of a mono-exponential time-dependence of the population difference, the characteristic time constant ⁇ corresponds precisely to the reciprocal of the transition rate ⁇ :
- the retinal protein is preferably wild-type membrane-bound bacteriorhodopsin (BR-WT) or a membrane-bound bacteriorhodopsin variant.
- BR-WT membrane-bound bacteriorhodopsin
- bacteriorhodopsin variant encompasses BR molecules derived from BR-WT by addition, substitution, deletion and / or insertion of amino acids, in particular from at least one and up to 50, preferably up to 20, more preferably up to 10
- a preferred BR variant is, in particular, the mutant BR-D96N, and the term "bacteriorhodopsin variant” also includes BR molecules whose retinal is replaced by retinal-analogous molecules and BR molecules which have been chemically modified, eg by incorporation of protecting groups or side functional groups, or crosslinked together.
- the functional layer in the first and second surface element may, for example, contain different concentrations of proton donors or acceptors and / or have a different water content.
- both the color layer and the functional layer should be selected such that a proton transport remains possible, for example by forming continuous hydrogen-bonding systems between retinal protein and functional layer.
- the retinal protein should not be completely encapsulated, but should still be accessible for proton transport.
- the formulation of the retinal protein is preferably composed as follows to ensure that the proton availability of the retinal protein can be modulated by an adjacent layer: retinal protein in powder form, film-forming binder, preferably acrylate-based or polyurethane-based, as physically drying or ultraviolet curable dispersion or as a UV-curable 100% system, surfactants, hygroscopic additives, acid and / or alkaline and / or amphoteric additives in a quantitative ratio which forms a buffer system in aqueous dilute solution, optionally further dyes, optionally further additives such as light stabilizers, Rheology additives and / or biostabilizers.
- Suitable functional layers for modulating the proton availability of the retinal protein are: layers of a formulation having a distinctly different pH than the color layer (in each case before drying) or layers having water-storing or hygroscopic substances.
- Examples of water-storing or hygroscopic substances are not exhaustive: salts storing water of crystallization, such as lithium and potassium salts (in particular their halides or phosphates); Polyalcohols (also partially modified polyalcohols such as partially esterified polyalcohols), such substances loosely bind water by swelling and by hydrogen bonding; Oligo alcohols such as sugars or sugar alcohols (e.g., xylitol, sorbitol), which materials loosely attach water by hydrogen bonding; polydextrose; glycerol; low molecular weight or polymeric glycols (such as 1,2-propanediol); Superabsorbent; zeolites; Silicates, e.g. Magnesium silicates; acidic or basic group-modified organic resins such as ion exchange resins.
- salts storing water of crystallization such as lithium and potassium salts (in particular their halides or phosphates)
- Polyalcohols also partially modified
- Such substances can be bound by a film former which fixes the corresponding substance as a matrix.
- suitable film formers are, for example: aqueous acrylate dispersions; aqueous polyurethane dispersions; UV-curable acrylate resins; oxidative drying alkyd resins.
- Other additives such as surfactants, dispersants and / or rheology additives and other auxiliaries such as dyes, pigments, UV protection agents and / or biostabilizers may be added.
- functional layer may be configured to alter in at least one of the surface elements the proton availability for the retinal protein, depending on a chemical environment of the product.
- the functional layer serves as a kind of chemical sensor layer which senses certain environmental conditions and adjusts the proton availability dependent thereon.
- the color layer then serves as a kind of indicator layer for this chemical environment.
- the functional layer can be designed to adjust the proton availability for the retinal protein as a function of the pH of the environment.
- the functional layer is a porous, but otherwise inert layer, which allows the color layer to be directly influenced by the pH of the environment.
- the first and the second surface element may have different thicknesses or numbers of functional layers which alter the proton availability for the retinal protein.
- a functional layer is present in only one of the surface elements (eg, the first surface element) while it is missing in the other of the surface elements (eg, the second surface element).
- the relevant functional layer in at least one of the surface elements, is disposed between the substrate and the at least one color layer. In other embodiments, in at least one of the surface elements, the relevant functional layer is arranged on the side of the at least one color layer facing away from the substrate. In still other embodiments, a relevant functional layer is arranged in at least one of the surface elements both between the substrate and the at least one color layer and on the side of the at least one color layer facing away from the substrate. "Relevant" means here that the functional layer modulates the proton availability for the retinal protein.
- An additional spatial modulation of the time dependence can be achieved by the fact that the same printing ink is present in the form of a formulation of the retinal protein in the first and second surface elements, the printing ink having a different layer thickness in the first and second surface elements.
- layer thickness refers to the dimension perpendicular to the substrate surface
- Surface elements of the same printing ink with different thicknesses can be produced, for example, by applying different numbers of layers of the printing ink in different regions of the product, eg a number n in the first region and a number m in the second region, where n and m are different natural numbers.
- this can also be achieved by applying the printing ink in a single pass with different layer thicknesses in different regions, for example in a gravure printing process in which different regions of the printing plate have recesses (engravings) of different depths.
- the product is a printed product made by intaglio printing.
- the characteristics of such a printed product are readily ascertainable by the person skilled in the art.
- the surface elements that are produced by the pressure the Intaglio-pressure linear and relief-like raised. Since intaglio printing allows a very variable application thickness, and since several layers can be applied with printing units connected in series, there is a very large margin for a spatial variation of the time dependence on the resulting printed product.
- the printing ink for intaglio printing is preferably a formulation based on a water-dilutable acrylic binder system and / or based on a polymerization-curable binder, in particular based on a free-radically curing UV or UV-initiated hair Binder or based on alkyd resin, preferably solvent-free long-oil alkyd resin whose polymerization is initiated with atmospheric oxygen.
- the Intaglio printing process is able to reproduce the printed motifs very sharp. Thus, fine lines or hatching in the Intaglio printing process can be reproduced with a particularly high degree of precision. Also Intaglio can be achieved in comparison with other printing high coverage. Edge-sharp lines that start fine and then become wider and thicker at the same time are only possible in intaglio printing. Such lines show a different color change behavior in their fine areas than in the broad and layer thick areas.
- a product which can thus only be obtained in intaglio printing is obtained when two successive inking units print partially over one another, when e.g. in a first Intaglio inking unit a "/" is printed and in a second inking unit a " ⁇ ", so that a total of "X" is formed.
- the reprinting of the previously deformed substrate, together with the high edge sharpness of Intaglio Printing method gives a characteristic image at the location of intersecting lines, as only Intaglio printing is capable of reproducing.
- the compression of the first printed line by the subsequent printing reduces the layer thickness of the first printed line and thus alters the switching behavior of the first printed line
- a product is proposed in which the first and the second surface element are produced by the intaglio method and represent the result of at least two partial prints Partial pressure is applied in a line arranged in color layer, wherein cross selected lines of different partial prints or overlap.
- the first surface element may then be considered to be an area of a line in which this line does not cross or overlap another line.
- an area may be considered in which at least two lines intersect or overlap. Because of the peculiarities of intaglio printing, at least one of the color layers in the second surface element (more precisely: the lower color layer) can be reduced in its layer thickness compared with the same color layer in the first surface element.
- An additional spatial modulation of the time dependence can also be achieved in that the first and the second surface element have the same printing ink, and that the first and the second surface element have the same thickness, but different Width (the term "width" refers to one of the two dimensions parallel to the substrate surface.)
- Width the term "width” refers to one of the two dimensions parallel to the substrate surface.
- obliquely incident light in different areas of the paint application has to cover different layer thicknesses as far as the substrate or the layer below the ink, so that the corresponding path length is shorter in areas near the edge than in areas away from the surface the line width in the order of magnitude of the respective layer thickness, an edge effect is visible at obliquely incident light: the distance of the light through the light-induced color-changing ink is at an angle of incidence of eg 45 ° to the solder to the substrate surface in Areas longer away by a factor of 1.4 (more precisely: by a factor of V
- a further functional layer can be provided which influences the color layer physically by influencing the light intensity received by the color layer at least in a partial region of the visible wavelength spectrum, eg by acting as a wavelength-dependent filter .
- a primer layer or another type of functional layer which is provided between the substrate and the color layer.
- it may also be a functional, transparent or partially transparent opaque layer, eg a spot varnish, which is provided on the side of the ink layer facing away from the substrate. Under a spot varnish is meant an additional gloss application that gives the impression of a metallic surface.
- Such a spot coating is common, for example, on the title pages of special interest magazines in the fields of automotive, photography, phono, etc., in order, for example, to convey the impression of metallic finishes.
- a Such spot varnish is very easy to recognize in the oblique.
- functional layers are present both on the substrate-side and on the substrate side facing away from the color layer.
- the modulation of the time dependence and / or sensitivity of the color change can also be achieved by a combination of the above measures.
- the color application comprises at least a third area element, in which the color change occurs with a third time dependence.
- the time dependencies slow down from the first to the second area element to the third area element, more precisely, the first time dependence has a first characteristic time constant, the second Time dependence has a second characteristic time constant, and the third time dependence has a third characteristic time constant, the third characteristic time constant being greater than the second characteristic time constant and the second time dependence Ite characteristic time constant is greater than the first characteristic time constant.
- the first, second and third surface elements are arranged spatially relative to one another in such a way that, upon illumination, the impression of a visual effect or color change spatially migrating from the first to the second surface element towards the third surface element arises.
- the first, second and third surface elements are arranged successively along a (straight or curved) line.
- the second surface element adjoins the first surface element directly or at a relatively small distance
- the third region adjoins the first surface element directly or at a relatively small distance.
- more than three surface elements with different time dependencies may be present and possibly arranged in this way. It is also conceivable that the time dependence changes continuously over the product, so that there are no sharply separated surface elements.
- the total layer thickness of the color layer that produces the color change is preferably in the range between 2 microns and 200 microns, more preferably in the range between 10 microns and 120 microns.
- the inking preferably comprises at least one ink layer with a printing ink which produces a color change upon or after illumination, this ink layer having a thickness between 2 microns and 150 microns, more preferably between 5 microns and 75 microns.
- the first and second surface element (as well as possibly other surface elements), in which the time-varying visual effect occurs, preferably form parts of a motif or even have the shape of a motif.
- the motif may be e.g. to deal with symbols, letters, pictures, photos, patterns, guilloche motifs, numbering or combinations of such elements.
- the inventive product can be used in particular as a security element. This may serve to prove the authenticity of a product or to customize a product, i. prove the authenticity and identity of the product.
- the present invention also relates to a safety-related product having a security element in the form of a product of the type specified above.
- the security-related product may be a product of the following type: identity cards, passports, ID cards, visas, banknotes, tax stamps, stamps, securities, tickets, seals, forms, product identification labels, brand identification labels, laminating films, transfer films, Tokens, thin films, overlay films, driver's licenses and birth certificates.
- the invention also provides a method for producing a product Available, comprising:
- color at least one functional layer which changes the proton availability for the retinal protein in the respective surface element, so that the color change of the retinal protein in the first and in the second surface element shows a different time dependence and / or photosensitivity.
- first and second surface element the same formulation of the retinal protein is applied.
- the application of the inking and / or the functional layer can be carried out in particular using one of the following methods: gravure printing (in particular intaglio printing), screen printing, inkjet printing, dry offset, flexographic printing, and letterpress printing.
- 1 is a schematic diagram for the application of an ink by intaglio printing.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the resulting printed product
- Part (a) illustrates in state at a time t 1?
- Part (b) illustrates the state at a later time t 2 >t;
- Part (a) illustrates the color change for a thickness y, part (b) for a greater thickness z>y;
- Part (a) illustrates the color change for a width x, part (b) for a width of slightly less than x / 2;
- Part (a) illustrates the color change behavior for a sheet of two sub-layers, each having a thickness y, the first sub-layer containing a formulation BR1 and the second sub-layer containing a formulation BR2;
- Part (a) shows a two-layered surface element whose lower layer contains a formulation BR1 and whose upper layer contains a formulation BR2; Part (b) illustrates such a surface element with the reverse layer sequence;
- Intaglio printing uses a printing plate, often a printing cylinder, which is provided with line depressions ("engraving") .
- the printing ink has a relatively high viscosity compared to other printing methods
- the engravings can be produced mechanically, but are usually produced photochemically or by laser engraving, with typical engraving depths in the range 2-150 microns, typical engraving widths of the order of magnitude of engraving depth (typically 5 to 100 metric tons) and often pressed onto the substrate at elevated temperature (typically up to 80 ° C)
- the substrate can be paper, but other types of substrates such as plastic films can be used.
- Intaglio printing as a gravure printing on the basis of linear engraving has long been known from the prior art, and it is omitted at this point to a detailed description of the specifics of this printing method. Since Intaglio printing is relatively expensive compared to other common printing processes, it is mainly used for the production of valuable or security-relevant printed products, such as e.g. Banknotes, ID cards, tax stamps, stamps, banknotes, securities, identification documents such as passports or visas, credit cards, lottery tickets, etc.
- valuable or security-relevant printed products such as e.g. Banknotes, ID cards, tax stamps, stamps, banknotes, securities, identification documents such as passports or visas, credit cards, lottery tickets, etc.
- FIG. 1 illustrates by way of example and only very schematically how an ink 2 is applied to a substrate 1 by intaglio printing.
- An intaglio impression cylinder 3 has line-shaped engravings of different depths and, if necessary, also different widths, which are filled with the printing ink 2. By the printing process, the ink 2 is transferred to the substrate 1.
- the print job has a relief-like structure with variable layer thickness, depending on the depth of engraving in the Intaglio printing cylinder.
- it has two elongated (linear) surface elements 11, 12 of printing ink with different layer thicknesses y and z, respectively.
- these surface elements may be formed from a retinal protein-containing, in particular BR-containing printing ink, which exhibits a color change behavior when exposed to suitable light.
- FIG. 3 it has surprisingly been found that in this case the differently thick surface elements 11, 12 differ not only in their intensity but also in the kinetics of their color change behavior on exposure.
- Brightly hatched areas indicate the ground state (B and / or D state) of the BR (purple), while dark hatched areas indicate the bleached state of the BR (yellow).
- the color change is faster overall than in the surface element 12 with the greater thickness z, since the upper, substrate-remote areas of the surface elements are bleached faster than deeper, substrate-near areas.
- the surface element 12 is only at a much smaller percentage of bleached (part (a)).
- the surface element 12 is only about 50% bleached (part (b)).
- This spatial modulation of the time dependence can be achieved particularly well and specifically with the intaglio printing process, since in particular the intaglio printing enables large layer thicknesses.
- differently sized areal elements of the resulting printed product have different characteristic time constants for a delayed color change upon exposure.
- FIG. 4 A first possibility is illustrated in FIG. 4. As already mentioned, this possibility consists of providing surface elements of different layer thicknesses (here y or z> y) in different regions of the product.
- FIG. 5 A second possibility is illustrated in FIG. This possibility consists in providing surface elements of the same layer thickness (in this case layer thickness y) but different width (here width x or slightly less than x / 2).
- the color change in the lateral edge regions of each surface element takes place more rapidly than in the regions of the surface element which are remote from the edges.
- the color change therefore takes place overall faster over the entire surface element than in the case of surface elements of greater width, as in FIG. 5 (a). This effect is particularly noticeable in obliquely incident light.
- the width and the layer thickness of the surface elements are similar, in particular if the ratio between the width and the layer thickness of the surface elements is between approximately 0.1 and 10, preferably between 0.2 and 5. Expressed in absolute numbers, the effect is particularly pronounced when the layer thickness of the surface elements is at most 50 microns and the width is at most 500 microns.
- FIG. 7 it is of course also possible to apply different surface elements with different layer thicknesses (here layer thickness y or z) and additionally also different formulations (here BR1 or BR2) in order to spatially modulate the time dependence of the color change , A spatial modulation of the color change can also be achieved by providing surface elements with two layers of different BR formulations, the sequence of these layers differing between the surface elements (FIG. 8).
- FIG. 9 illustrates by way of example how surface elements which have different characteristic time constants for the color change can be arranged in such a way that the impression is created that the color change moves spatially across the printed product.
- a layer of a formulation BR2 with layer thickness y is applied in a first surface element 21.
- a layer of the same formulation with a layer thickness 2y is applied in a second, adjacent surface element 22, a layer of the same formulation with a layer thickness 2y is applied.
- a layer of a formulation BR1 is applied with a significantly slower color change behavior than the formulation BR2 with a layer thickness y.
- a two-layer structure is applied, the lower layer consisting of the second formulation BR1 and the upper layer consisting of the first formulation BR2 and each of these layers having the layer thickness y.
- a fifth surface element 25 adjoining the third surface element 24 two layers of the thickness y from the first formulation BR 1 are applied.
- the color change occurs the fastest in the first surface element 21 and the color change occurs the slowest in the fifth surface element 25, wherein the characteristic time constant continuously increases from the first to the fifth surface element.
- the color change Upon exposure to light, the color change thereby takes place first in the first area element 21, then in the second area element 22, etc., until it finally takes place last in the fifth area element 25.
- the resulting effect is illustrated in FIG. 19.
- the different time constants can be achieved, in particular, by applying the paint in different thicknesses in the areas mentioned.
- the layer thickness can be selected as follows: In the region a, there is a total of a first layer thickness D; in the area b the double layer thickness 2D, in the area c the triple layer thickness 3D, in the area d the fourfold layer thickness 4D, and in the area e the fivefold layer thickness 5D.
- the time constant can be selected as follows: In the region a, there is a total of a first layer thickness D; in the area b the double layer thickness 2D, in the area c the triple layer thickness 3D, in the area d the fourfold layer thickness 4D, and in the area e the fivefold layer thickness 5D.
- the time constant there are other ways to set the time constant differently, as was exemplified in connection with FIG. 9.
- Fig. 19 (a) shows the application of paint before the start of the bleaching process
- Figs. 19 (b) - 19 (g) show the paint application after one, two, three, etc. time units
- Fig. 19 (h) shows the paint application after complete bleaching
- the density of the hatching lines indicates the layer thickness
- the density of dots indicates the intensity of the violet coloration of the area concerned.
- the single layer thickness region a is first completely bleached (Figure 19 (e)), followed by the double thickness layer b ( Figure 19 (f)), the triple thickness region c ( Figure 1 (g)), and finally the areas of even greater layer thickness (FIG. 19 (h)).
- FIG. 10 (a) three differently-sized area elements of a BR-containing ink 32 are applied to a substrate 31. As explained above, these three surface elements show a different time dependence in their bleaching behavior and, if appropriate, also in the relaxation behavior.
- a primer 33 is additionally applied to the substrate. This can e.g. serve to improve the adhesion of the BR printing ink to the substrate or to improve the surface finish (surface roughness, etc.) of the substrate.
- some primers also interact with the PM in the BR printing ink, thereby influencing the bleaching behavior and / or the relaxation behavior in the vicinity of the interface between primer and printing ink. As a result, differences in the bleaching and / or relaxation behavior between the differently thick surface elements are further intensified.
- the primer can influence the proton availability for the BR.
- a first layer of the BR-containing ink 32 is on a substrate
- a layer of a BR-containing ink 32 is coated on a substrate 31.
- This layer is part-surfaced with a partially transparent cover layer 34, e.g. a lacquer layer, covered.
- the covered areas show a different (slower) color change behavior than the single-layered areas.
- a primer 33 may be provided between substrate 31 and ink 32 ( Figure 12 (b)).
- FIG. 13 (a) different primers 33, 33 'are applied to different surface areas of a substrate 31, to which in turn a BR-containing printing ink 32 is applied.
- the ink 32 is further Partially applied a partially transparent topcoat, which additionally modulates the color change behavior.
- a substrate 31 is provided with a layer of a primer 33.
- a partially transparent covering layer 34 is additionally applied to the two areas of the ink, which additionally modulates the color change behavior.
- FIG. 15 illustrates various configurations of a layer structure in which a functional layer 35 is applied to a substrate 31, which serves to specifically influence the kinetics of the color change of the PM in an adjacent, PM-containing layer by modulation of the proton availability.
- a functional layer 35 is applied to a substrate 31, which serves to specifically influence the kinetics of the color change of the PM in an adjacent, PM-containing layer by modulation of the proton availability.
- this functional layer 35 is applied a layer of a BR-containing printing ink 32 (part (a)).
- This can optionally be provided with a cover layer 34 (part (b)).
- the functional layer 35, the ink 32 and the cover layer 34 may also overlap only partially (parts (c) - (f)). In this way, surface elements with different time dependencies can be produced with a single BR-containing printing ink (ie a single formulation of the PM).
- FIG. 16 illustrates in its parts (a) - (d) some examples of a layer structure according to FIG. 15, but in which a primer 33 is additionally present between the substrate 31 and the functional layer 35.
- FIG. 17 shows various configurations in which a layer of a BR-containing printing ink 32 has a full area on both sides (parts (a), (e) and (j)) or part (parts (b) - (d), (f)). - (h) and (k) - (n)) between functional layers 35, 25 'is arranged to modulate the kinetics of the color change of the BR.
- a cover layer 34 (parts (e) - (g)) or a primer 33 (parts (j) - (k)) may be present over the whole area or part of the surface.
- Fig. 18 shows layer structures in which the following layer sequence is present, wherein the layers need only partially overlap: substrate 31 - primer 33 - functional layer 35 - ink 32 - second functional layer 35 '- cover layer 34th
- BR The protein content of BR consists of 248 amino acids. These form a pore in the cell membrane in the form of seven transmembrane alpha helices. In this pore is a retinal molecule bound to the protein, which acts as a chromophore.
- BR forms in the cell membrane hexagonal, two-dimensional crystalline areas with a thickness of about 5 nanometers and a side length of up to 5 micrometers, with each three BR proteins assemble into a trimer. A membrane fragment containing such crystalline regions is called a purple membrane (PM).
- the embedding of the BR in the purple membrane leads to a remarkable stability of the protein against physical-chemical influences. Thus, the color and photochemical activity of the PM are retained even in the presence of oxygen and in the dry state.
- BR acts in the purple membrane as a light-driven proton pump. It goes through a cycle of several, spectroscopically distinguishable states. This sequence of states is called a photocycle.
- Two particularly characteristic states in the photocycle are the so-called B state, in which the BR shows its characteristic red-violet color (absorption maximum at about 570 nm), and the M state in which the BR assumes a yellow color (absorption maximum at 410 nm).
- the color change from the B state to the M state can be effected by exposure to white or green light ("bleaching"), while the return from the M state to the B state either by thermal means (relaxation) or photochemically by Exposure is done with blue light.
- the kinetics of the photocycle can be influenced in various ways. If the If PM is present in an aqueous medium, the kinetics can be influenced, for example, by the pH. In contrast, if the PM is present as a layer on a substrate, for example, the kinetics can be influenced by the proton availability of the layer. The proton availability takes the place of the pH, since the pH is known to be defined only for dilute aqueous solutions and not for dried layers. More generally, the kinetics of the photocycle can be altered by the "external" proton availability in the PM environment, for which it is possible to add auxiliaries to a PM preparation which bind water, which adjust or influence the pH in the preparation.
- auxiliaries are, for example, glycerol, acetates or compounds which contain primary or secondary amino groups, for example amino acids, in particular arginine, or in general also other hygroscopic or proton-releasing or proton-binding substances (bristled acids or Bases) as well as buffer systems which are suitable combinations of acids and bases.
- the kinetics can be altered, e.g. by the incorporation of artificial or modified amino acids or amino acid analogs into the peptide sequence, or by chemical modification of the retina.
- the term "BR variant” or “variant of a bacteriorhodopsin” is therefore to be understood below to include both mutants and otherwise altered BR molecules.
- PM formulations have been disclosed which can be applied by printing methods, e.g. by screen printing or gravure printing, e.g. from WO 00/59731.
- printing methods e.g. by screen printing or gravure printing, e.g. from WO 00/59731.
- switching powder e.g. from WO 00/59731.
- BR in the PM is coated in a biomimetic process with a thin layer of water glass
- A. Schönafinger, S. Müller, F. Noll, N. Hampp, Bioinspired nanoencapsulation of purple membranes, Soft Matter, 2008, 4, 1249-1254 first in a first step, a polyelectrolyte (polyethyleneimine) is adsorbed exclusively on the charged surface, and then, in a second step, a water glass layer is built up on this polyelectrolyte with the aid of TEOS.
- the systems formed on the charged surface have a layer of water glass or an organically modified silica (Ormocer).
- This layer protects the bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane from the damaging influence of organic solvents, the water glass or a correspondingly introduced organically modified Silica (Ormocer) is not completely impermeable. In particular, it allows small ions, in particular protons and hydroxide ions, to pass through. The BR still reacts to changes in the pH of the environment. Switching powder
- An BR-containing color-changing pigment can be prepared in a process as follows. Bacteriorhodopsin is suspended in the form of bacteriorhodopsin / purple membrane patches in an aqueous medium at a pH in the range of 6-9 in the presence of a water-retaining polymer. This suspension is spray dried to a powder or dried in a low vapor pressure aliphatic solvent followed by solvent removal (e.g., dehydration) to a powder. As a result, a precursor capsule is produced, in which the system Bacteriorhodopsin / Pu dischargembran is fixed in a suitable for its optical activity pH range.
- the outer skin of this precursor capsule can still be dissolved in water and allows the passage of small ions, in particular of oxonium and hydroxide ions.
- the powder from these precursor capsules is also called a "switching powder" because this powder already has stabilized optical properties of bacteriorhodopsin and can be stably stored for a long time.
- the bacteriorhodopsin may be suspended in a buffer system in the preparation of the switching powder, preferably selected from the following group: phosphate buffer, TRIS / HC1, ammonia buffer, carbonic acid / bicarbonate system, diglycine, bicine, HEPPS, HEPES, HEPBS, TAPS, AMPD or a Combination of such systems, preferably in a concentration of less than 0.03M, more preferably in a concentration of less than 0.02M.
- phosphate buffer preferably selected from the following group: phosphate buffer, TRIS / HC1, ammonia buffer, carbonic acid / bicarbonate system, diglycine, bicine, HEPPS, HEPES, HEPBS, TAPS, AMPD or a Combination of such systems, preferably in a concentration of less than 0.03M, more preferably in a concentration of less than 0.02M.
- the bacteriorhodopsin may be present in the switching powder in the presence of a humectant, which is preferably a mixture of potassium salt, preferably potash, with a sugar or sugar alcohol-based humectant, especially preferably a mixture of potash with xylitol and / or Sorbitol, most preferably in the ratio 1: 2-2: 1.
- a humectant which is preferably a mixture of potassium salt, preferably potash, with a sugar or sugar alcohol-based humectant, especially preferably a mixture of potash with xylitol and / or Sorbitol, most preferably in the ratio 1: 2-2: 1.
- the bacteriorhodopsin is in the form of bacteriorhodopsin / transitane patches in the water-retaining polymer in a proportion of 5 to 30 weight percent, preferably 10 to 20 weight percent, wherein the water-retaining polymer is preferably a system selected from the group consisting of: gelatin , Polyethylene glycol, acrylic acid-sodium acrylate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, gum arabic, derivatized cellulose, glycogen, starch, sugar alcohols, derivatized chitin, xanthan, pectins, guar, locust bean gum, carrageenans, superabsorbents, zeolites and combinations or mixtures of such water-retaining polymers ,
- the PM can be present in particular in microcapsules, as described in WO 2010/124908 Al.
- it may be a pigment based on optically switchable bacteriorhodopsin-containing microcapsules with a diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably with a diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m, with a coating layer which protects the bacteriorhodopsin from damaging environmental influences while at the same time maintaining function protects.
- the bacteriorhodopsin is preferably embedded in the form of PM / BR patches in an aqueous medium at a pH in the range of 6-9 in the presence of a water-retaining polymer and this inner capsule is substantially complete with one for light in the visible range permeable casing of a polymer and / or a long-chain saturated hydrocarbon and / or a long-chain saturated fatty acid, preferably a paraffin with a solidification point of in the range of 45 ° C - 65 ° C and / or a carnauba wax with a melting range of 70 ° C - 90 ° C, provided.
- the coating layer not only protects against organic solvents and surfactants, but to a certain extent against the pH or the proton availability the environment.
- the microcapsule has a defined pH, which is essentially unaffected by the pH of the environment of the microcapsule. Thus, it can be ensured that, regardless of the pH of the environment, the microcapsule or the bacteriorhodopsin / purple membrane system enclosed therein has the desired optical properties.
- the microcapsules may also be referred to as pigments or color bodies.
- the formulation containing Bacteriorhodopsin color-changing pigment is preferably based on a water-dilutable acrylic binder system and / or on a polymerizable hardenable binder, in particular based on a thermal or UV curing agent.
- a rheology additive, a surfactant and / or a dispersant may be added.
- additives may be added to the formulation to affect an adjacent retinal protein-containing color coat after application. This can be done by adjusting the pH in the formulation, or by adding agents such as hygroscopic substances.
- the formulation preferably has a viscosity in the range of 0.01 to 100 Pa s.
- the stated viscosity values refer to a temperature of 20 ° C. More preferably, the viscosity is adjusted for the particular printing process used, more preferably for flexographic printing in the range of 0.05 - 0.5 Pa s, for offset (planographic printing) in the range of 40 - 100 Pa s, for gravure in the range of 0.05 - 0.2 Pa s, for screen printing in the range of 0.5-2, preferably in the range of 1 Pa s, and for inkjet printing in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 Pa s. More preferably, the formulation also has a surface tension of less than 40 mN / m.
- the color-change pigment is preferably in a weight proportion in the range from 1-67% by weight, more preferably in the range of 10-55% by weight in the formulation.
- Suitable binder systems are constructed in the usual manner known to those skilled in the art.
- Formulations for functional layers for influencing BR-containing color layers can be prepared in the same manner as the actual printing inks, in particular based on a water-dilutable, acrylic binder system, and / or radically based on a free-radically curing binder, in particular based on a UV-initiated UV-curing binder and based on an alkyd resin binder (preferably long oil alkyd), optionally a rheology additive, optionally a surfactant and / or optionally a dispersant.
- additives can be added to the formulation in order to influence an adjacent retinal protein-containing color layer after application. This can be done by adjusting the pH in the formulation, or by adding moisture-affecting agents such as hygroscopic substances.
- lithium and potassium salts such as their halides or phosphates
- magnesium silicates such as their halides or phosphates
- sugars such as xylitol, sorbitol
- polydextrose such as 1, 2-propanediol
- glycerol examples of waterborne acrylic binder systems
- Such systems are typically composed of a film former, a dispersant, surfactant, rheology additives (optional) and the actual pigment.
- Film former rapid drying acrylate dispersion, e.g. Acronal LR 8820 (BASF) or Joncryl 354 (Johnson Polymer) or related types
- Dispersants / Surfactants Choice depending on application and printing process, e.g. Dynwet 800 (Byk), Disperbyk 168 (Byk), Disperbyk 182 (Byk), Zonyl FSN (DuPont), BRIJ grades (Merck), Dispers 650 (Tego) or Dispers 755W (Tego)
- Rheology additives Aerosil grades (Degussa-Hüls), Cab-O-sil grades (Cabot)
- Color bodies "switching powder", other neutral pigments and / or neutral color bodies to produce desired decorative effects (eg phthalocyanine PB 15: 2)
- UV-curable binders Such systems are typically composed of a film former, a reactive diluent, a radical initiator, a surfactant, rheology additives (optional), defoamers (optional) and the pigment-in-color pigment.
- UV-curable film-forming agents acrylated polyesters, urethanes and epoxy resins
- HEMA-TMDI various manufacturers or other bisphenol A derivatives
- Reactive Thinner Exemplary and non-exhaustive: HDDA, DPGDA, TPGDA Radical Starter: A combination of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-ones (eg Darocur 1173 (Ciba)) has proved suitable Benzophenone (various manufacturers) and acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators (eg Lucirin TPO (BASF)) Surfactants: Dynwet types (Byk), Zonyl types (DuPont), BRD types (Merck), Surfynol types (AirProducts)
- Rheology additives Aerosil grades (Degussa-Hüls), Cab-O-sil grades (Cabot)
- Color bodies "switching powder", other neutral pigments and / or neutral color bodies to produce desired decorative effects (for example the phthalocyanine PB 15: 2)
- Such systems are typically composed of a film former, a starter combination, a surfactant, rheology additives (optional), and the pigmented pigment.
- Film former bis-vinyl ether monomers or cycloaliphatic epoxides in combination with reactive acrylates such as HEM A-TMDI or other bisphenol A derivatives
- Dynwet types (Byk), Zonyl types (DuPont), BRD types (Merck), Surfynol types (AirProducts)
- Rheology additives Aerosil grades (Degussa-Hüls), Cab-O-sil grades (Cabot)
- Color bodies "switching powder", other neutral pigments and / or neutral color bodies to produce desired decorative effects (for example the phthalocyanine PB 15: 2)
- the opacity of the layers is between semipermeable and complete by suitable additives, as known to those skilled in the art and common in graphic chemistry set impermeable.
- a printed product was produced by applying five identically dimensioned color strips with different layer structures to a common substrate.
- the color stripes consisted of a single layer or of two, three, four or five layers of the same printing ink, which contained the variant BR-D96N.
- the substrate used was coated cardboard.
- the ink used was a UV-curable formulation from Actilor. It contained "switching powder” based on BR-D96N, and the “switching powder” was in a radically UV-curing binder system based on BR-D96N, embedded in a matrix of polysaccharide and moisturizing and pH controllable additives , The color was applied by screen printing at 190 lines / cm.
- Each layer was solidified ("dried") by UV light customary in printing technology from a medium pressure Hg emitter in the form of a UV belt dryer with a radiant energy of 450 mJ / cm 2 before the next layer was applied applied volumes per unit area was 5 cm 3 / m 2 for each individual layer, corresponding to an average layer thickness of about 20 micrometers per layer (estimated value).
- the printed product was first conditioned by intensive exposure with a commercial light bulb for one hour. In this case, a part of the printed product was covered light-tight. Immediately after the end of the exposure, the ink in the exposed part of the printed product assumed the characteristic yellowing of the M state, while the covered part showed the characteristic violet coloration of the ground state. Relaxation of the exposed part was now observed in dim, diffused light (daylight in overcast skies) by visually assessing the color contrast between the exposed part and the exposed part in each of the five strips at regular intervals. It was observed that the color contrast between the exposed and the exposed part remained longer the more layers were present in the corresponding strip, which is equivalent to a thicker layer.
- aqueous acrylate dispersion (Neocryl TM AI 131 (DSM NeoResins) was adjusted to a pH between 7 and 9 with a phosphate buffer and homogeneously mixed with "switching powder" based on BR-D96N-PM, so that the PM Weight content in the dried preparation was about 20%.
- This PM formulation was applied to rag paper as a substrate in a known manner and dried.
- the overcoated layer was more acidic than the layer containing the PM preparation, the proton availability in the PM preparation was increased, and both the light-change color and the relaxation were accelerated.
- the overlaid layer was more alkaline than that of the PM preparation, a slower color change or a slower relaxation resulted.
- the time dependence of the color change could be spatially modulated.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH01551/13A CH708514A1 (de) | 2013-09-10 | 2013-09-10 | Einstellung der Eigenschaften eines Retinalproteins in einem photochromen Erzeugnis. |
| PCT/EP2014/068097 WO2015036237A1 (de) | 2013-09-10 | 2014-08-26 | Einstellung der eigenschaften eines retinalproteins in einem photochromen erzeugnis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3044283A1 true EP3044283A1 (de) | 2016-07-20 |
Family
ID=49596019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14755673.2A Withdrawn EP3044283A1 (de) | 2013-09-10 | 2014-08-26 | Einstellung der eigenschaften eines retinalproteins in einem photochromen erzeugnis |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20160230028A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3044283A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN105683333B (de) |
| CH (1) | CH708514A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2015036237A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12470254B2 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2025-11-11 | collectID AG | Methods and systems for authenticating physical products via near field communication tags and recording authentication transactions on a blockchain |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0731912B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-20 | 1995-04-10 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 可塑性光メモリ素子 |
| US6718046B2 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 2004-04-06 | Digimarc Corporation | Low visibility watermark using time decay fluorescence |
| DE19914702A1 (de) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Norbert Hampp | Verfahren und Zubereitung zur photochromen Markierung und/oder Sicherung der Authentizität von Gegenständen |
| US20020126877A1 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-12 | Yukihiro Sugiyama | Light transmission type image recognition device and image recognition sensor |
| WO2011157838A1 (de) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-22 | U-Nica Technology Ag | Verfahren zur aufbringung von bacteriorhodopsin-enthaltenden formulierungen auf substrate und durch dieses verfahren hergestellte produkte |
-
2013
- 2013-09-10 CH CH01551/13A patent/CH708514A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2014
- 2014-08-26 CN CN201480050012.3A patent/CN105683333B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-08-26 WO PCT/EP2014/068097 patent/WO2015036237A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2014-08-26 EP EP14755673.2A patent/EP3044283A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-08-26 US US14/917,809 patent/US20160230028A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2015036237A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105683333A (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
| CN105683333B (zh) | 2018-05-25 |
| WO2015036237A1 (de) | 2015-03-19 |
| US20160230028A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
| CH708514A1 (de) | 2015-03-13 |
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