EP3074171A1 - Plaquette de coupe, outil de coupe avec une telle plaquette et procédés de fabrication et de réparation d'un tel outil - Google Patents
Plaquette de coupe, outil de coupe avec une telle plaquette et procédés de fabrication et de réparation d'un tel outilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3074171A1 EP3074171A1 EP14821748.2A EP14821748A EP3074171A1 EP 3074171 A1 EP3074171 A1 EP 3074171A1 EP 14821748 A EP14821748 A EP 14821748A EP 3074171 A1 EP3074171 A1 EP 3074171A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brazing
- cutting
- tool
- alloy
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups B23K1/00 - B23K28/00
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups B23K1/00 - B23K28/00 relating to soldering or welding
- B23K31/025—Connecting cutting edges or the like to tools; Attaching reinforcements to workpieces, e.g. wear-resisting zones to tableware
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
- B23C5/18—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with permanently-fixed cutter-bits or teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
- B23D61/02—Circular saw blades
- B23D61/028—Circular saw blades of special material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/203—Fluxing, i.e. applying flux onto surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets or foils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets or foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets or foils layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
- C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
- C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
- B23C2224/04—Aluminium oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23C2226/18—Ceramic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2240/00—Details of connections of tools or workpieces
- B23C2240/08—Brazed connections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/20—Tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/16—Composite materials
- B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
- B23K2103/172—Multilayered materials wherein at least one of the layers is non-metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
- B23K2103/52—Ceramics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the general technical field of cutting tools used for machining or cutting wood and / or composite materials based on wood and derivatives.
- the invention more particularly relates to a method of manufacturing cutting tools and a method of repairing such cutting tools.
- the present invention also relates to the manufacture of cutting inserts, fixed on a tool body.
- Cutting tools used to work with wood-based composite materials have inserts often made with a diamond powder mechanically bonded to a substrate, for example a metal carbide. The cutting inserts are then cut in this subassembly, to be then brazed to a tool body.
- the brazing is carried out at low temperature and at atmospheric pressure using a brazing alloy for example based on copper and silver.
- An electrical sharpening is then carried out, for example by electroerosion of the cutting inserts fixed on the tool body.
- the ceramic materials used have a very low coefficient of thermal expansion compared to that of steel, favoring the appearance of stress of mechanical origin during cooling.
- the high brazing temperature can also cause the steel to become soaked, leading to an alteration of the mechanical properties of the material and consequently of the cutting tool.
- brazing of all the cutting inserts must be carried out simultaneously, which means that they must be held on the tool body with tools specially developed for each different geometry of the tool.
- a cutting tool comprises cutting inserts, in cermet, which are fixed on a tool body, for example by brazing. Prior to the brazing operation, the surfaces to be assembled using a solder alloy, are cleaned by electrolysis and chemically treated. A metal coating is also performed on these faces.
- the implementation examples described allow low-temperature brazing and the use of standard brazing alloys, the fact remains that these examples are based firstly on suitable cermets. electrolysis and secondly the use of a chemical surface treatment.
- EP 0 104 063 a method of manufacturing a boron nitride element, attached to a carbide support.
- This method relates specifically to a nitride which is part of the non-oxide ceramics and further which is a compound formed from a powder of crystals agglomerated in a metal matrix; it does not allow applications to cutting tools for highly abrasive materials such as wood, especially reconstituted wood or particle composite.
- Such a cubic boron nitride compound does not present any particular brazing difficulties because of its composite nature.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by developing a tool for cutting or machining wood and / or composite materials based on wood, comprising ceramic oxide cutting tips, having the physical characteristics required for the machining of wood: thermodynamic stability, hardness and homogeneity, among others.
- Another object of the present invention is to develop a process for manufacturing and repairing a cutting or machining tool that can be implemented quickly and economically, and in particular a method for manufacturing cutting inserts under the form of oxide ceramic cutting inserts integral with a metal substrate, and intended to be fixed on a tool body.
- the invention relates to a cutting insert for brazing to a cutting tool body and having, superimposed and assembled, a platelet-shaped metal substrate with a fastening surface to the body of the tool.
- a high temperature brazing alloy layer is a silver-copper alloy with more than 50% by volume of silver or an alloy.
- the metal substrate is connected to the brazing alloy layer via a metal layer.
- the metal substrate is made of steel, nickel-plated steel or tungsten carbide of specific grade.
- the ceramic plate is alumina, zirconia, yttria zirconia.
- the high-temperature brazing alloy is an Ag-Cu silver-copper alloy with more than 50% Ag silver volume or an Ag-Cu alloy with addition of Zn, Mn and Ni.
- the invention also relates to a cutting tool composed of a tool body whose active surface is lined with cutting inserts as defined above, these cutting inserts being connected to the tool body by an alloy brazing low temperature.
- the low temperature brazing alloy of the cutting tool according to the invention is advantageously a silver-copper Ag-Cu alloy having at least 60% by volume of silver Ag.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cutting tool comprising a metal body to be mounted on a machine and at least one cutting insert integral with the tool body, of fixing the cutting insert on the metal tool body, characterized in that it consists in using a plate made with at least one oxide ceramic, chosen from a family of ceramic shades comprising alumina in pure alpha form or pure tetragonal yttrium zirconia, or a partially stabilized yttria-alumina-zirconium composite with at least 10% m zirconia, or unstabilized pure alumina-zirconia with not more than 16% m zirconia or a zirconia-alumina composite with at least 20% m.
- oxide ceramic chosen from a family of ceramic shades comprising alumina in pure alpha form or pure tetragonal yttrium zirconia, or a partially stabilized yttria-alumina-zirconium composite with at least 10% m zirconia, or unstabilized
- the ceramic plate and the metal substrate plate made of a material selected from tungsten carbide and the steel, tungsten carbide composite with at least 10% m cobalt and nickel-plated steel (C45), in particular based on steel (16MnCrl 5) or steel (C45), and a deposit a metal layer between the ceramic plate and the first solder alloy; braze the ceramic plate on the substrate plate by vacuum brazing, at high temperature, with the first solder alloy: the high temperature solder alloy is a silver-copper alloy with more than 50% by volume of silver or an alloy.
- a layer of metallic material is deposited on one of the faces of the ceramic plate and on one of the faces of the substrate plate, these faces being brought into contact with the first solder alloy.
- the first solder alloy is a sheet, and during step b), a layer of metallic material is deposited on both sides of the sheet of first solder alloy, these two faces being respectively brought into contact with one of the faces of the ceramic plate and one of the faces of the substrate plate.
- the metallization of step b) consists in applying a layer of metallic paint.
- a silver-copper alloy comprising less than 60% silver by volume is used as a low-temperature brazing alloy.
- the vacuum brazing of step c) at high temperature is carried out at a temperature of between 760 ° C. and 820 ° C.
- the brazing at atmospheric pressure of step e) is at a temperature between 560 ° C and 620 ° C.
- the manufacturing method according to the invention uses a soldering flux to treat the corresponding faces prior to brazing at atmospheric pressure.
- the cutting inserts fixed on the tool body are mechanically sharpened using an abrasive grinding wheel.
- the invention also relates to a method of repairing a cutting tool obtained according to the manufacturing method described above, to replace a deteriorated cutting insert, characterized in that it consists of:
- the heating of the cutting tool is done locally by electromagnetic induction.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cutting insert based on a ceramic oxide material, intended to be secured to a metal body to form a cutting or machining tool, characterized in that it consists of:
- the cutting insert is cut using a high-pressure water jet, a laser or a diamond abrasive disc.
- a high-pressure water jet a laser or a diamond abrasive disc.
- it is easy to replace a worn or damaged cutting insert.
- the connections of the other cutting inserts are not altered because the repair step is carried out locally and at low temperature.
- the repair and maintenance is performed at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressure, without the need for specific facilities such as an oven or an installation to create a vacuum. This results in a substantially lower maintenance cost.
- Attaching the cutting inserts to the tool body at low temperatures reduces the risk of soaking the tool body.
- the machined edges obtained with the tools according to the invention are sufficiently precise and rectilinear in terms of surface quality and machining result, in particular on machined parts made of wood-based composite material.
- tool repairers are not obliged to equip themselves with a high temperature oven and producing a vacuum. All they have to do is get supplies of ceramic-substrate plates, which will then be cut.
- the replacement of a plurality of damaged cutting inserts on a tool according to the invention is carried out individually and successively using, for example, the same holding means of the robotic arm type.
- a tool of complex shape can thus be repaired in a way as economical as a tool of simple form.
- the bond obtained by high temperature brazing under vacuum is more suitable for bonding dissimilar materials such as a ceramic material and a metal substrate. It then becomes possible to choose a ceramic material from a large number of ceramic oxide grades.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view on an enlarged scale of a first embodiment of a cutting insert according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 1 of an alternative embodiment of a cutting insert
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a tool equipped with a cutting insert according to the invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an exemplary cutting tool, according to the invention.
- - Figure 5 is a plan view of a saw blade according to the invention
- - Figure 6 is an axial sectional view of a finishing cutter according to the invention
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a shredder according to the invention comprising two types of cutting inserts of different size and dimensions;
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of a router bit according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a cutting insert 1 shown schematically and on a very enlarged scale, in section.
- the direction D is that of the thickness of the wafer 1.
- the wafer 1 consists of a metal substrate 1 1 having a fixing surface 11a for fixing the wafer 1 to the body of the cutting tool and a brazing surface 1 1b.
- the brazing surface 1 1b is covered by a layer of high-temperature brazing alloy 12 itself covered or connected to a ceramic wafer 14 via a metal layer 13. All of these elements 1 1, 12, 13, 14, brazed together to a substantially parallelepipedal shape, the ceramic wafer 14 covering the surface of the metal substrate 1 1.
- the one or more faces of the wafer 1 are sharpened, if necessary (the sharpened surface for example reference la).
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 1 of an alternative cutting insert 1 'which differs from the wafer 1 of FIG. 1 only in the presence of a second metallic layer 15 between the fixing surface 11a of the metal substrate 1 1 and the high temperature solder alloy layer 12.
- the other elements are identical or similar to those of Figure 1 and have the same references. Their description will not be repeated.
- the metal substrate 1 1 is a steel plate, nickel-plated steel C45, tungsten carbide WC-Co.
- the high temperature solder alloy layer 12 is a silver-copper Ag-Cu alloy having a silver content greater than 50% by volume or an alloy 49Ag 27.5Cu 20.5Zn 2.5Mn 0.5Ni. It may be an Ag-Cu alloy with addition of Zn, Mn and Ni.
- the ceramic wafer 14 is made of 01-Al2O3 alumina or YTtriated zirconia 3Y-ZrO2.
- FIG. 3 shows very schematically and in greatly enlarged scale section, a cutting tool 100 at the location 102 of the cutting insert 1.
- This tool 100 comprises several or many cutting inserts according to the work to be done with the tool 100.
- This low-temperature brazing alloy 16 is a silver-copper Ag-Cu alloy having at least 60% by volume silver Ag.
- the plates 1, 1 ' are obtained by cutting plates of larger dimensions having the same structure. layer that platelets 1, 1 'described above and the manufacturing process will be described with reference to Figures 9 to 1 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a cutter-shaped tool 10 having an axis xx whose cylindrical body 11 is provided with cutting inserts 1 12 according to the invention.
- These cutting inserts 1 12 are rectangular or square similar to the plates 1, 1 'of Figures 1-3. Only two plates are represented, whereas in fact the body 1 1 1 of the tool comprises several plates 1 12 distributed regularly around the periphery but also in the direction of the axis of rotation xx, for example by a staggered arrangement of a platelet ring to another, to regulate and densify the peripheral distribution of platelets and give the mill 1 10 a height of Hl corresponding to the axial length of platelet distribution 1 12.
- the plates 1 12 are connected to the body 1 1 1 by a solder like that of Figure 3 made using a low temperature solder alloy for local de-grinding of a cutting board 1 12, damaged and its replacement by a new plate 1 12 which will be fixed by local soldering.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a circular saw disc 120 formed of a body 121 with a fixing hole 122 and peripheral teeth 123 each provided with a cutting insert 124. These plates 124 are fixed to the teeth 123 by low temperature solders according to the invention, allowing local soldering / debrushing.
- FIG. 6 shows an axial sectional view (axis xx) of a milling cutter 130, for example a finishing mill formed of a hub 131 provided with a bore 132 for its installation on a machine shaft.
- the hub 131 carries a stack of milling discs 133-1, 133-2, 133-3 separated by wedges 134-1, 134-2 depending on the application, that is to say, for example thickness of the plate or workpiece with the cutter.
- the disks 133-1, 133-2, 133-3 are similar to saw disks provided with peripheral teeth 135 each having a cutting insert 136.
- the disks 131-1, 131-2, 131-3 are, except exception, identical, locked in rotation around the axis xx and preferably angularly offset from each other around the axis xx for that this mill is as balanced as possible in rotation around its axis.
- the finishing cutter 130 installed on the machine shaft only works with one cutter disc at a time.
- the cutter is positioned so that the cutter disk is put in the active position by moving the shaft along the axis xx. Once the pads 136 of the bur disk (133-n) are worn, the shaft is moved longitudinally along its axis xx by one increment to position another disk 133-n at the appropriate location and work with this disk and so on until all the discs (or their cutting insert) are worn. Only then is the milling cutter replaced by a new milling cutter.
- Figure 7 shows another tool 140 such as a chipping tool 140 similar to a circular saw blade.
- This tool 140 has a body 141 with a mounting hole 142 and rotational locking holes 143.
- the periphery of the body carries a large number of teeth 144 provided with two sets of cutting inserts 145a, 145b of different sizes.
- These cutting inserts 145a, 145b are attached to the teeth 144 by low temperature solders facilitating not only the manufacture but also the repair of damaged or removed teeth to replace them with new pads.
- Figure 8 is a plan view of a router bit 150 formed of a body 151 with three teeth 152 each provided with a cutting insert 153 fixed by a low temperature solder.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 schematically represent the cutting tool according to the invention, which is a circular saw blade 120, a slotting blade, a finishing cutter 130, a shredder 140, a cutter 150, a boring milling tool, a milling tool with a shank, a bit, or any other tool for working wood or composite materials, by removal of material.
- the same cutting tool may comprise several plates also called inserts, brazed to the tool body at angles and positions specific to the tool application.
- the same cutting tool may comprise platelets or inserts 1, 1 'of different compositions or of different dimensions as shown in FIG. 7 which may all be soldered to the tool body 141 during the same step, or during two successive soldering steps.
- the first brazing is carried out at a first temperature adapted to an insert of a given composition
- the second brazing is performed at another temperature adapted to an insert having another composition, this second temperature being less than the first not to damage the previous brazing.
- Figures 9 to 1 1 show different stages of manufacture of a cutting insert 1, 1 'for a metal tool body to be mounted on a machine and at least one cutting insert integral with the tool body.
- FIGS. 9 to 11 For the description of the process, the steps of which are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 9 to 11, reference will also be made to the very simplified FIGS. 1 to 3 for the elements of the structure of the cutting insert 1, 1 '. The numerical references of these elements will be repeated followed by the suffix A for the purposes of the description without these references will not all be reported in FIGS. 9 to 11.
- the metal plate of the substrate will bear the reference 1 1 A
- the ceramic plate will bear the reference 14A
- the high temperature brazing alloy will bear the reference 12A
- the first metallization layer 13A reference and the second layer of metallization the reference 15A.
- the different parts have their reference suffixed with the suffix A since they are the composition elements which are then found in the cutting inserts 1, 1 '.
- These pads are also called “inserts" since these cutting pads are attached to the tool body 101 by solders 16.
- a ceramic plate 14A and a metal substrate plate 11A of substantially the same dimensions are used.
- the ceramic plate 14A is preferably made with at least one oxide ceramic shade, selected from a family of ceramic grades including alumina and the yttriated zirconia 3Y-ZrO 2 or a mixture of such oxide ceramic grades.
- the metal substrate plate 1 1A is preferably made of a material chosen from tungsten carbide and steel, in particular WC-Co tungsten carbide and nickel-plated C45 steel.
- the ceramic plate 14A and the metal substrate plate 1 1A preferably each have a thickness of between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, and more preferably a thickness of about 3 millimeters.
- a layer of a metallic material is deposited between the ceramic plate 21 and a first brazing alloy which will be used during a subsequent brazing step c). This layer of metallic material is deposited on at least one of the faces in contact during step c).
- a layer of a metallic material is deposited between the metal substrate plate 1 1A and the first solder alloy 15A.
- this layer of metallic material is deposited on at least one of the faces coming into contact during step c).
- this metallic material preferably in the form of a paint, is carried out by any known means.
- the ceramic plate 14A is coated on one of its faces 6 with a layer of a metallic material for metallization purposes as well as one of the faces of the metal substrate plate 1 1 A.
- this brazing alloy foil is coated on both sides with a layer of a metallic material for metallization purposes.
- this alloy sheet brazing may be coated on one of its faces with a layer of a metallic material for metallization purposes, while the ceramic plate 14A or the metal substrate plate 1 1A intended to be in contact with the non-metallized face of said brazing alloy sheet may also be coated on one of its faces or with a layer of a metallic material.
- the ceramic plate 14A is fixed to the substrate plate 1 1A by vacuum brazing and at high temperature.
- This brazing is carried out using a high temperature solder alloy 15A, for example a silver-copper alloy preferably comprising more than 50% silver by volume or a silver-indium-titanium alloy.
- the brazing under vacuum at high temperature for example is made at a temperature between 760 ° C and 820 ° C.
- the wafer 1, 1 ' is rectified by removal of material, especially for sharpening the wafer 3, to give an angle of inclination to the upper face of the ceramic wafer 14, and / or reduce at least one dimension of the wafer 1, 1 '.
- the wafer 1, 1 ' has a thickness preferably between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, and more preferably a thickness of about 3 millimeters.
- the wafer 1, 1 ' is fixed on the tool body 101 by brazing at atmospheric pressure, at low temperature, so as to secure the substrate 1 1 to the tool body. 101.
- This brazing is carried out by means of the low-temperature brazing alloy, for example a silver-copper alloy preferably comprising less than 60% silver by volume, at atmospheric pressure and at low temperature, for example between 560 ° C. and 620 ° C.
- a temperature of less than 650 ° C. and a high temperature of above 750 ° C. are considered low.
- This operation does not require prior metallization of the surfaces to be brazed, but it is possible to use a soldering flux to treat the corresponding faces before brazing at atmospheric pressure.
- the tool body 101 is for example based on 16MnCr5 steel or C45 steel, capable of oxidation, which is detrimental to soldering.
- the thin oxide layer can be removed before soldering by filing and passing a flux; this stripper can be applied by painting.
- the manufacture of a cutting tool 100 is a mechanical sharpening of the cutting inserts 1 ', 1' fixed on the tool body 101, for example using an abrasive wheel.
- the invention also relates to a method of repairing a cutting tool 100 obtained according to the manufacturing method described above.
- This repair method consists in a first step of locally heating, at atmospheric pressure, the tool 100 to destroy the solder 16 between the substrate 1 1 of the damaged cutting insert 1, 1 'and the tool body 102, then attaching a new cutting insert 1, 1 'to the tool body 102 using local brazing, at atmospheric pressure and at low temperature.
- the low temperature brazing alloy 16 is used to secure the substrate 1 1 of the new cutting insert 1, 1 'to the tool body 102.
- the local heating of the cutting tool 100 is preferably effected by electromagnetic induction.
- a ceramic plate composed of 100% alumina 01-Al2O3 is coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint.
- a metal plate of WC-Co tungsten carbide with at least 30% m Co of the same dimensions is also coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint.
- the metallized face of the ceramic plate is then fixed under vacuum and at 810 ° C. to the metallized face of the tungsten carbide metal plate by means of a soldering operation.
- This brazing is carried out using a silver-copper alloying alloy comprising more than 50% silver and in particular 72% Ag by volume.
- the assembly thus obtained is then cut into cutting inserts by means of a jet of pressurized water, a laser or a diamond disc.
- Inserts each having a cutting insert are then secured by their substrate to the tool body by means of brazing at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 560 ° C and 620 ° C.
- This soldering is performed on an electromagnetic inductor using a silver-copper alloying alloy comprising less than 60% silver by volume.
- a ceramic plate composed of 100% yttrie yttrie 3Y-ZrO 2 is coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint.
- a nickel plated steel plate C45 of the same dimensions is also coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint.
- the metallized face of the ceramic plate is then fixed under vacuum at 780 ° C. on the metallized face of the steel plate. soldering by means of silver-copper solder alloy comprising more than 50% silver by volume.
- the assembly thus obtained is then cut into cutting inserts by means of a jet of pressurized water, a laser or a diamond disk.
- Inserts each having a cutting insert are then secured by their substrate to the tool body by brazing at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature between 560 ° C and 620 ° C.
- This soldering is performed on an electromagnetic inductor using a silver-copper solder alloy comprising less than 60% silver by volume.
- a ceramic plate composed of 90% alumina O1-Al2O3 and 10% ZrO2 zirconia coated on one of its faces with a layer of metallic paint and a WC-30Co tungsten metal plate of the same dimensions is used. from its faces a layer of metallic paint.
- the metallized face of the ceramic plate is then fixed under vacuum at 800 ° C. to the metallized face of the tungsten metal plate by soldering using a silver-copper alloy comprising more than 50% silver by volume.
- the assembly thus obtained is cut into cutting inserts by means of a jet of pressurized water, a laser or a diamond disk.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1361836A FR3014000A1 (fr) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | Procede de fabrication et de reparation d'un outil de coupe |
| PCT/FR2014/053077 WO2015079183A1 (fr) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-11-28 | Plaquette de coupe, outil de coupe avec une telle plaquette et procédés de fabrication et de réparation d'un tel outil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3074171A1 true EP3074171A1 (fr) | 2016-10-05 |
Family
ID=49949954
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14821748.2A Pending EP3074171A1 (fr) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-11-28 | Plaquette de coupe, outil de coupe avec une telle plaquette et procédés de fabrication et de réparation d'un tel outil |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10814435B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3074171A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN105899326B (fr) |
| FR (2) | FR3014000A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015079183A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9962774B2 (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2018-05-08 | The Boeing Company | Cutting tool |
| CN106346190A (zh) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-01-25 | 福建福晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种修整金刚石切割刀片平面度的方法 |
| EP3342516A1 (fr) * | 2017-01-02 | 2018-07-04 | HILTI Aktiengesellschaft | Outil |
| CN110253100B (zh) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-11-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种ysz陶瓷与不锈钢空气反应钎焊连接方法 |
| US11371150B2 (en) | 2020-01-04 | 2022-06-28 | Kennametal Inc. | Coating and coated cutting tool comprising the coating |
| JP7749671B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-17 | 2025-10-06 | エービー サンドビック コロマント | 工具 |
| DE102021004822A1 (de) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-03-30 | B. Maier Zerkleinerungstechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Rüstung eines Messerrings eines Messerringzerspaners |
| JP7619285B2 (ja) * | 2022-01-11 | 2025-01-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 切断加工方法 |
| CN116638136B (zh) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-09-19 | 常州市雪士力工具有限公司 | 一种具有可调双层刀片的面铣刀 |
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| GB560031A (en) * | 1941-07-21 | 1944-03-16 | Leo James St Clair | Improvements in or relating to the production of composite tools by brazing |
| US3137586A (en) * | 1960-01-28 | 1964-06-16 | Gen Electric | Low electrical resistance metal to metal oxide bonding composition |
| GB1029879A (en) * | 1964-11-20 | 1966-05-18 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Ceramic-metal seals |
| US3676086A (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1972-07-11 | Du Pont | Metal/carbide-oxide composite |
| US3667099A (en) * | 1970-07-31 | 1972-06-06 | Du Pont | Method of securing dense, metal-bonded refractory nitride bodies to steel and product |
| DE3365680D1 (en) * | 1982-09-16 | 1986-10-02 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Abrasive bodies comprising boron nitride |
| GB2141370B (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1987-02-04 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Bonding metal to ceramic |
| FR2667060B1 (fr) * | 1990-09-20 | 1993-09-10 | Snecma | Outil de fraisage a corps et tete d'usinage realises en des materiaux differents. |
| US5234152A (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1993-08-10 | Regents Of The University Of California | Transient liquid phase ceramic bonding |
| CN1027797C (zh) * | 1992-03-25 | 1995-03-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 可焊接陶瓷的耐氧化型活性金属钎料 |
| US5272940A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1993-12-28 | Dico Corporation | Helically fluted tool |
| DE4315190C2 (de) * | 1992-09-02 | 1994-08-25 | Degussa | Verwendung von Silberlegierungen als kadmiumfreies Hartlot |
| AU6041799A (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-04-03 | Northwest Research Institute, Inc. | Method of treating ceramics for use as tips in saws and other tools or other structures |
| JP4367675B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-21 | 2009-11-18 | 日本碍子株式会社 | セラミック製部材と金属製部材の接合用接着剤組成物、同組成物を用いた複合部材の製造方法、および同製造方法により得られた複合部材 |
| US20020170407A1 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-11-21 | Sheffield Saw And Tool Co., Inc. | Polycrystalline cubic baron nitride (PCBN) woodworking tools and methods |
| DE10247715B4 (de) * | 2002-10-12 | 2004-09-30 | Actech Gmbh Advanced Casting Technologies Giessereitechnologie | Mehrschneidiges Fräswerkzeug mit Schneidplatten für das direkte Formstoff-Fräsen |
| US20040155096A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | General Electric Company | Diamond tool inserts pre-fixed with braze alloys and methods to manufacture thereof |
| US20050089440A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Kembaiyan Kumar T. | Braze alloy |
| JP2005186214A (ja) * | 2003-12-25 | 2005-07-14 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | 切削インサート及び切削工具 |
| CN100574953C (zh) * | 2004-11-30 | 2009-12-30 | 加州大学评议会 | 热膨胀系数相匹配的钎焊体系 |
| WO2008079461A2 (fr) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-07-03 | Reactive Nanotechnologies, Inc. | Jonction multicouche réactive avec techniques de métallisation améliorées |
| JP5837779B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-07 | 2015-12-24 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 工具用接合体、これを用いた切削工具および工具用接合体の製造方法 |
| WO2012091535A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-05 | Universiti Sains Malaysia | Inserts en céramique à base d'alumine renforcée par de la zircone avec ajout d'oxydes métalliques nanoparticulaires à titre d'additifs |
-
2013
- 2013-11-29 FR FR1361836A patent/FR3014000A1/fr active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-11-28 CN CN201480073039.4A patent/CN105899326B/zh active Active
- 2014-11-28 US US15/039,996 patent/US10814435B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-11-28 WO PCT/FR2014/053077 patent/WO2015079183A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-11-28 EP EP14821748.2A patent/EP3074171A1/fr active Pending
- 2014-11-28 FR FR1461637A patent/FR3014005B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105899326A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
| FR3014005A1 (fr) | 2015-06-05 |
| US10814435B2 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
| FR3014000A1 (fr) | 2015-06-05 |
| CN105899326B (zh) | 2019-08-27 |
| FR3014005B1 (fr) | 2016-01-08 |
| WO2015079183A4 (fr) | 2015-07-30 |
| WO2015079183A1 (fr) | 2015-06-04 |
| US20170001267A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
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