EP3085113A1 - Procede et dispositif d'estimation de parametres caracterisant un ensemble acoustique - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif d'estimation de parametres caracterisant un ensemble acoustiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3085113A1 EP3085113A1 EP14830830.7A EP14830830A EP3085113A1 EP 3085113 A1 EP3085113 A1 EP 3085113A1 EP 14830830 A EP14830830 A EP 14830830A EP 3085113 A1 EP3085113 A1 EP 3085113A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acoustic
- radiating
- radiating element
- excitation
- acoustic assembly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
- H04R29/003—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers of the moving-coil type
Definitions
- the invention relates to the general field of acoustic systems.
- acoustic parameters such as a sound reproduction intensity
- electrical parameters such as a resistance or an inductance
- mechanical parameters such as the mechanical stiffness of the suspension of a radiating element of the assembly.
- electromechanical parameters such as electromechanical parameters.
- This method is based on the definition of an electroacoustic model of the loudspeaker and the measurement of electrical signals produced by it in response to audio signals of excitation of small amplitudes (for the estimation of the linear parameters) and / or large amplitudes (for the estimation of nonlinear parameters).
- the parameters estimated using this model are, for example, the magnetic field strength factor generated by the loudspeaker magnet, the mechanical stiffness of the speaker suspension, the inductance and the resistance of the coil. of the speaker.
- the Klippel loudspeaker model is derived from nonlinear differential equations written in the form of a continuous space-state temporal representation, each state (or state vector) being characterized by three representative components respectively of an intensity of an electric current flowing through the loudspeaker, a displacement of the speaker coil and the speed of this movement.
- This state-space representation is then transformed into a unique frequency domain equation representing the input / output dynamics of the speaker, in other words, its transfer function.
- the linear and non-linear parameters characterizing the loudspeaker are then estimated from this transfer function and a measurement of the electrical input impedance of the loudspeaker.
- the mechanical parameters of the loudspeaker can only be estimated relatively, depending on the loudspeaker force factor.
- An estimate of the real values of these parameters can be obtained only by means of additional information of a mechanical or acoustic nature, such as, for example, the linear component of the force factor or the moving mass of the loudspeaker.
- the method proposed by Klippel is further limited to estimating the parameters of a single loudspeaker. Klippel does not envisage the estimation of the physical parameters of a more complex acoustic set comprising, for example, within the same enclosure, a plurality of loudspeakers, or one or more loudspeakers and other radiating elements liabilities such as passive radiators or vents.
- acoustic assembly considered comprises within the enclosure, in addition to the speaker or speakers, other radiating elements such as passive elements to widen the response of the speaker. acoustic ensemble towards low frequencies. There is therefore a need for a method for estimating the parameters characterizing an acoustic assembly comprising a plurality of radiating elements including at least one electroacoustic transducer sharing the same enclosure.
- the invention responds in particular to this need by proposing a method for estimating at least one parameter characterizing an acoustic assembly comprising a plurality of radiating elements sharing the same enclosure including at least one electroacoustic transducer, this method comprising:
- a digital modeling step based on a space-state temporal representation of the acoustic assembly describing a coupling between the radiating elements using their effective radiating surfaces, each state associated with a radiating element comprising:
- the radiating element is an active radiating element: a quantity representative of an intensity of an electric current passing through the active radiating element, a quantity representative of a displacement of a membrane of the active radiating element and a magnitude representative of a speed of this displacement; and o if the radiating element is a passive radiating element: a quantity representative of a displacement of a membrane of the passive radiating element or of an air mass in this passive radiating element and a magnitude representative of a speed of this displacement;
- the invention also provides a device for estimating at least one parameter characterizing an acoustic assembly comprising a plurality of radiating elements sharing the same enclosure including at least one electroacoustic transducer, this device comprising:
- a digital modeling module based on a space-state time representation of the acoustic assembly describing a coupling between the radiating elements using their effective radiating surfaces, each state associated with a radiating element comprising:
- the radiating element is an active radiating element: a quantity representative of an intensity of an electric current passing through the active radiating element, a quantity representative of a displacement of a membrane of the active radiating element and a magnitude representative of a speed of this displacement; and o if the radiating element is a passive radiating element: a quantity representative of a displacement of a membrane of the passive radiating element or of an air mass in this passive radiating element and a magnitude representative of a speed of this displacement;
- the invention thus proposes a general and adjustable model making it possible to estimate the physical parameters, linear or otherwise, of an acoustic assembly comprising a plurality of radiating elements grouped together within the same enclosure (typically a closed enclosure), and which takes into account acoustic interactions between these elements.
- These radiating elements may be not only active radiating elements such as electroacoustic transducers, but also passive elements, such as vents or passive radiators.
- the invention can be applied to many acoustic assemblies present today on the market or under development, and having very diverse radiating element configurations.
- the estimation of the parameters of these acoustic assemblies thanks to the invention can be very useful to understand in particular how the performances of the different radiating elements of the assemblies are affected or influenced by the enclosure within which they are grouped.
- the use of the estimation method according to the invention thus offers a significant time saving in the design and / or testing of acoustic assemblies.
- the model proposed by the invention is advantageously based on a space-state temporal representation of the acoustic assembly, describing not only the radiating elements of the acoustic unit but also the acoustic interactions (in other words the coupling) between these elements of the acoustic unit. integrates them within the same enclosure.
- the space-state temporal representation of the acoustic set is obtained from a characterization as a function of time t d an internal acoustic pressure p int within the enclosure according to the ex pression:
- K a E denotes the acoustic stiffness of the enclosure
- X HPi (t) denotes the displacement of the membrane of the jth electroacoustic transducer
- This model makes it possible not only to estimate the parameters of the radiating elements of the acoustic assembly but also the physical parameters of the enclosure strictly speaking, such as, for example, the acoustic losses within the enclosure or the rigidity (ie stiffness). acoustic of the latter.
- the model proposed above makes it possible to estimate the actual physical values of the parameters, and no longer only the relative values according to a given factor (eg force factor as in the model proposed by Klippel) by means of the knowledge of the effective radiation surfaces of the elements of the acoustic assembly.
- Effective radiating surfaces and radiating element stressors establish effect via the model of the invention a link between the electrical, mechanical and acoustic fields.
- the invention advantageously requires only one modeling of the acoustic set, ie, the estimation of the parameters of the acoustic set is made directly from the space-state representation of this set, unlike Klippel, which relies on a two-step modeling, so more complex, to obtain the transfer function of the speaker.
- Klippel which relies on a two-step modeling, so more complex, to obtain the transfer function of the speaker.
- the invention thus makes it possible not only to limit the complexity of the estimation of the parameters, but also to obtain a model modular that can easily adapt to different configurations of acoustic sets.
- the invention offers the possibility of estimating the linear and / or nonlinear parameters of the acoustic assembly delayed with respect to the excitation of its radiating elements and the resulting measurements.
- the values of the states of the radiating elements are determined from furthermore a mechanical measurement and / or an acoustic measurement performed during the measurement. excitation of the acoustic ensemble.
- one type of measurement rather than another may depend in particular on the configuration of the acoustic assembly and in particular on the nature of the radiating elements present in the system, as well as on the parameters of the acoustic assembly to be estimated.
- an acoustic measurement of the response to the excitation of the acoustic assembly eg internal pressure in the acoustic chamber
- this vent an acoustic measurement of the response to the excitation of the acoustic assembly (eg internal pressure in the acoustic chamber) can be envisaged for this vent, so as to deduce a displacement of the air mass circulating in this event, rather than a mechanical measurement of this displacement.
- the realization of other measures than an electrical measurement makes it possible to estimate more parameters of the acoustic assembly (and in particular the force factor and / or the moving mass of the acoustic assembly) without requiring the provision of additional information of a mechanical or acoustic nature to allow this estimation.
- the invention makes it possible to identify a complete acoustic unit thanks to the estimated parameters. We can then consider the implementation of various treatments on the whole acoustic adapted to this set in its entirety.
- a value of a force factor of at least one active radiating element and / or a value of a mechanical mass of at least one membrane of an element is used. radiator provided previously.
- the determination step comprises the application of a denoising or regulation technique.
- the estimation method comprises a step of estimating at least one effective radiating surface of a radiating element of the acoustic assembly by means of an acoustic measurement of a pressure internal acoustic within the chamber, this measurement being performed during an excitation of the acoustic assembly using at least one determined excitation signal.
- the effective surfaces of the radiating elements can also be estimated by means of an acoustic measurement made on the acoustic assembly.
- the estimation step comprises, for each parameter, a minimization of a predetermined error criterion, such as for example a least squares criterion intended to minimize the error between the parameters estimated by the model. proposed by the invention and the measurements made in response to the (x) excitation signal (ux).
- a predetermined error criterion such as for example a least squares criterion intended to minimize the error between the parameters estimated by the model. proposed by the invention and the measurements made in response to the (x) excitation signal (ux).
- said at least one estimated parameter comprises at least one non-linear parameter characterizing the acoustic set
- the estimation step implements an iterative technique to minimize the predetermined error criteria.
- the error criteria for estimating the parameters until the verification of a predetermined convergence criterion or the realization of a predetermined criterion are cyclically minimized. number of predetermined iterations. In this way we can obtain estimates close to the optimum in the sense of maximum likelihood if a least squares error criterion is considered.
- each iteration implemented during this cyclic optimization is performed in two stages. More specifically, when said at least one parameter further comprises at least one linear parameter characterizing the acoustic system (in addition to a nonlinear parameter), each iteration of the iterative technique comprises an estimate of said at least one linear parameter, followed by an estimate of said at least one nonlinear parameter using the estimate of said at least one linear parameter carried out during this iteration.
- the various steps of the rendering method are determined by computer program instructions.
- the invention also relates to a program on an information carrier, this program being capable of being implemented in an estimation device or more generally in a computer, this program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of steps of an estimation method as described above.
- This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form desirable shape.
- the invention also relates to a computer-readable or microprocessor-readable information medium, and comprising instructions of a program as mentioned above.
- the information carrier may be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
- the medium may comprise storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording medium, for example a floppy disk or a disk. hard.
- the information medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
- the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
- the information carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.
- the invention also provides a system comprising: an acoustic assembly comprising a plurality of radiating elements sharing the same enclosure including at least one electroacoustic transducer;
- An excitation module of this acoustic assembly by means of at least one determined excitation signal
- An estimation device of at least one parameter characterizing the acoustic assembly from at least one electrical measurement made during an excitation of the acoustic unit by the excitation module.
- estimation method the estimation device and the system according to the invention present in combination all or part of the aforementioned characteristics.
- FIG. 1 shows a system and a parameter estimation device characterizing an acoustic assembly according to the invention in a particular embodiment
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate examples of radiating elements that can be integrated into the acoustic assembly of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 schematically represents the hardware architecture of the estimation device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 represents, in the form of a flow chart, the main steps of an estimation method according to the invention as implemented by the estimation device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 represents a process of cyclic estimation of the linear and non-linear parameters of the acoustic set implemented by the estimation device of FIG. 1 during the estimation process.
- FIG. 1 represents, in its environment, a system 1 according to the invention, in a particular embodiment.
- This system allows the estimation of at least one linear and / or non-linear parameter characterizing an acoustic assembly 2 of the system 1.
- the acoustic assembly 2 comprises a plurality of acoustic radiating elements 3-1, 3-2, 3- N, N> 1, sharing the same enclosure 4.
- the plurality of radiating elements 3-1, 3-2,..., 3-N comprises at least one electroacoustic transducer, also commonly referred to as a loudspeaker; for example, the radiating element 3-1 is an HP electrodynamic loudspeaker.
- the radiating element 3-1 is an HP electrodynamic loudspeaker.
- the type of transducer considered is attached to the type of transducer considered.
- other types of transducers may be envisaged, for example electrostatic or piezoelectric transducers.
- the other radiating elements of the acoustic assembly 2 can be:
- active acoustic radiating elements that is to say capable of transforming an electrical excitation signal into an acoustic pressure, such as, for example, other electroacoustic transducers (electrodynamic loudspeakers); and or
- Passive acoustic radiating elements such as, for example, a passive radiator or a vent.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate various examples of radiating elements that can be integrated into the acoustic assembly 2, as well as their main components.
- FIG. 2A schematically represents an electrodynamic transducer 5 (i.e., a particular electroacoustic transducer).
- the electrodynamic transducer 5 comprises a membrane 5A (or diaphragm) suspended (ie fixed) on its periphery to a frame 5B, and a motor 5C.
- the 5C engine is able to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy, and to transmit energy mechanical thus obtained at the membrane 5A. It comprises for this purpose a magnet 5D, capable of generating an electromagnetic field in a space 5E called gap, and a coil 5F located in the gap 5E.
- the membrane 5A then transmits the mechanical energy supplied by the engine 5C to the ambient air and thus generates a sound.
- the membrane 5A is free of movement and directed in the axis of the gap 5E by a centering piece 5G. It is characterized by an acoustic radiation surface S HP , defined in a manner known to those skilled in the art by the edge-to-edge diameter of the membrane 5A, as illustrated in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 2B illustrates a passive radiator 6, comprising a membrane 6A suspended on its periphery to a chassis 6B, and able to move under the effect of a mechanical energy. During its displacement, the membrane 6A is directed by a centering piece 6C.
- the membrane 6A is characterized by an acoustic radiation surface S P , defined in a manner known to those skilled in the art by the edge-to-edge diameter of the membrane 6A, as illustrated in FIG. 2B.
- FIG. 2C illustrates a vent 7.
- the vent 7 is an opening made in an enclosure 8, in which a tube or a pipe is optionally inserted, and the dimensions of which are calculated to produce a reinforcement of the bass products, for example by a transducer electroacoustic (not shown) installed in the enclosure 8.
- the acoustic radiation surface S EP of the vent 7 is characterized, in a known manner of the skilled person, by the emission surface of the air mass, that is to say by the vent opening surface as shown in Figure 2C.
- the acoustic assembly 2 comprises either N2 vents or N2 passive radiators.
- 3-l, ..., 3-Nl denote the NI active elements and by 3- (Nl + 1), ..., 3-N the N2 passive elements of the acoustic set 2.
- parameters can be estimated thanks to the invention. These parameters may differ in particular as a function of the type of radiating elements included in the acoustic assembly 2 (for example passive radiating elements or electroacoustic transducers), and characterize not only the radiating elements of the acoustic assembly but also the enclosure 4 within which are these elements.
- type of radiating elements included in the acoustic assembly 2 for example passive radiating elements or electroacoustic transducers
- ⁇ acoustic stiffness K of the enclosure (which can also be a non-linear parameter);
- nonlinear parameters may have a quasi-linear behavior. This is particularly the case when this displacement is of low amplitude, in particular in response to a low amplitude excitation.
- the non-linear parameters indicated above are parameters identified by experiment as being able to have a significant nonlinear component when a strong displacement of the membrane of the radiating element is detected (in particular when this displacement is important compared to the size of the the enclosure 4, so that it is likely to create adiabatic distortion).
- the system 1 comprises:
- An estimation device 9 according to the invention.
- the excitation module 10 is, in a manner known per se, capable of transforming the signal or the excitation audio signals E into supply voltages. intended to be supplied to active radiating elements 3-1, ..., 3-N1 (ie electroacoustic transducers).
- the choice of the excitation audio signal (s) E used by the excitation module 10 is detailed later.
- the response of the radiating elements 3-1, ..., 3-N to the supply voltages supplied to the electroacoustic transducers 3-1, ..., 3-N1 by the excitation module 10 is measured by a measuring device 11.
- This measuring device 11 may comprise one or more distinct entities (including, for example, microphones, sensors, etc.) capable of producing, in particular, for each of the radiating elements of the acoustic assembly 2: Electrical measurements, such as a measurement of the intensity of current flowing through the active radiating elements or of voltage measurements; and or
- Mechanical measurements such as a measurement of the displacement of the membrane of a radiating element or the mass of air flowing in this radiating element, and / or the speed and / or acceleration of this displacement; and / or
- the measurements made by the measuring device 11 are provided to the estimation device 9 to allow the estimation of linear and / or non-linear parameters of the acoustic assembly 2.
- the estimating device 9 here has the hardware architecture of a computer, as schematically illustrated in FIG. 3. It notably comprises a processor 12, a read-only memory 13, a random access memory 14, a non-volatile memory 15 and communication means 16 with the measuring device 11 enabling the estimation device 9 to obtain the measurements made by the measuring device 11 in response to the excitation signal (ux) E supplied by the excitation module 10.
- the estimation device 9 and the measuring device 11 are for example connected by a digital data bus or a serial interface (eg Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface) or a known wireless interface (e. ) in itself.
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- the read-only memory 13 of the estimation device 9 constitutes a recording medium in accordance with the invention, readable by the processor 12 and on which is recorded a computer program according to the invention, comprising instructions for the execution steps of an estimation method according to the invention described later with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
- This computer program defines, in an equivalent manner, functional modules of the estimation device 9 able to implement the steps of the estimation method according to the invention.
- this computer program defines a digital modeling module 9A capable of obtaining a digital modeling of the acoustic assembly 2 by a space-state temporal representation, a module 9B for determining the values of the states used in this temporal representation. , and a module 9C for estimating one or more parameters of the acoustic assembly 2 capable of using this space-state representation, the values of the effective radiation areas of the radiating elements and the values of the states determined by the module 9B .
- the functions of these modules are described in more detail with reference to the steps of the estimation method.
- the estimation method according to the invention in a particular embodiment in which it is implemented by the estimation device 9 to determine various parameters characterizing the 2 acoustic assembly shown in Figure 1.
- the estimated parameters are selected from the list of parameters provided above.
- the estimation device 9 via its digital modeling module 9A, first obtains a digital model MOD of the acoustic unit 2 (step E10).
- This digital model can be derived by the module 9A itself or alternatively be provided by another entity external to the module 9. It can also be determined beforehand.
- the numerical model MOD is based on a space-state temporal representation of the acoustic unit 2. It advantageously describes the coupling (that is to say the acoustic interactions) existing between the radiating elements 3-1, ..., 3-N of the acoustic assembly 2 using their effective radiation surfaces.
- a space-state representation makes it possible to represent and synthesize a complex dynamic system characterized by several input and / or output parameters.
- the state of the system is according to this representation defined by a set of so-called internal state variables linked by a set of differential equations, and such that the determination of these variables makes it possible to summarize the past state of the system and to predict its state. future.
- the differential equations are coupled together and can be summarized in the following condensed matrix form:
- s, u and y respectively denote the state vector, the vector of the inputs and the vector of the outputs of the system, and A, B, C and D are matrices.
- the state vector s is composed of a set of states associated with each radiating element of the acoustic unit 2.
- the composition of a state varies according to the type of radiating element considered.
- a quantity, denoted x or indexed by the transducer (eg x for the HPj transducer), representative of a speed of displacement of the membrane of this transducer;
- a quantity, denoted x indexed by the transducer (eg x HPj for the HPj transducer), representative of a displacement of this membrane; and a magnitude, noted / indexed by the transducer (eg HPi for the HPj transducer), representative of an intensity of an electric current flowing through this transducer.
- a state associated with a passive radiator RPp, p ⁇ N2, comprises:
- a quantity i indexed by the passive radiator (eg x RPp for the passive radiator RPp), representative of a speed of displacement of the membrane of this passive radiator;
- a variable x indexed by the passive radiator (eg x RPp for the passive radiator RPp), representative of a displacement of this membrane.
- a state associated with a vent EVp, p ⁇ N2 comprises:
- variable x or ⁇ indexed by the vent eg x EVp for vent EVp
- x EVp for vent EVp
- x EVp for the EVp vent
- v HPi denotes the input voltage of the electrodynamic transducer HPj supplied during the excitation of the acoustic assembly 2 by the excitation module 10, and:
- variable p iat designating the internal acoustic pressure within the chamber 4 resulting from the presence of the N radiating elements 3-1 is introduced into the embodiment described here in equation (4).
- U n s HPn x HPn if the n-th radiating element is a loudspeaker having S HPn as the effective radiation surface and whose membrane (diaphragm) has been displaced x HPn
- U n s EPn x EPn if the n-th radiating element is a passive element (vent or passive radiator here) having S EPn as the effective radiation area, x EPn denoting the displacement of the passive radiator membrane or the mass of air in the vent if necessary.
- T denotes the operator of transposition of the vector.
- each state vector s 3 ⁇ J depends on the nature of the radiating element 3-j, ie:
- the radiating element 3-j is a passive element EPj (vent EVj or passive radiator RPj).
- the internal sound pressure reflecting the acoustic coupling between the N loudspeakers within the chamber 4 is defined by:
- Pintit) K to B IS » p Hp j (t)
- the state vector s is defined by:
- the N radiating elements 3-1,..., 3-N are the speakers HP1,..., HPN1 and the vents EV1,..., EVN2.
- Pintit M p S EV Px EV P (t + R * V PS EV P x BV P (t)
- EV2 (EV2), EVN2 (EV2), HP1 (EV2), HPN1 (EV2), EV1 (EV2), EV (N2-1) and
- the matrices reflecting the coupling between the N radiating elements of the acoustic assembly 2 are defined by:
- the matrix A HP '' EVP translating the influence on the loudspeaker HPj of the displacement of the mass flowing in the vent EVp the matrix A EVi, EVp reflecting the influence on the vent EVj of the displacement of the mass flowing in the vent EVp:
- the state vector s is defined by:
- the N radiating elements 3-l, ..., 3-N are the loudspeakers
- the internal acoustic pressure representing the acoustic coupling between the NI loudspeakers and the passive N2 radiators within the chamber 4 is defined by:
- RPN2 HPRN2, HPNRN2, RP1 RPN2, RP (N2-), RPN2 and
- HPN ' , ÎP1 (t) A HPN - HP2 (t) & HPN (t)
- the matrices reflecting the coupling between the N radiating elements of the acoustic assembly 2 are defined by:
- the state vector s is defined by:
- the variables s and s as well as the matrices F, and G are continuous quantities.
- the numerical model MOD is a discrete model determined from the MOD_cont model defined by equation (7).
- T s is the sampling period. If this period is chosen small enough, the following approximations can be made:
- I NF denotes the identity matrix of the same dimensions as the matrix F.
- s k and u k denote respectively the discrete version, at the sampling instant kT s where k denotes an integer, the state vector 5 and the vector of the inputs w.
- the matrices A and B also depend on the sampling instant (ie denoted A k and B k ).
- the matrices A and B do not depend on this instant of sampling.
- the acoustic assembly 2 is excited, by the excitation module 10, with the aid of at least one predetermined excitation audio signal E. More precisely, the excitation module 10 transforms the excitation audio signal (s) E into supply voltages i * y , and supplies these supply voltages to the active radiating elements 3-1, ..., 3-N1 (electrodynamic transducers) of the acoustic assembly 2. The response of the different radiating elements of the acoustic assembly 2 (active and passive) this (s) excitation signal (ux) is then measured by the measuring device 11, then supplied to the estimation device 9 (step E20).
- the excitation signal E is chosen to excite a wide range of frequencies, so as to maximize the amount of information that can be obtained from the measurements made by the measuring device 11.
- the use of pure frequencies is preferably avoided, the various parameters of the radiating elements of the acoustic assembly 2 possibly having an influence on the quantities measured by the measuring device 11. different frequencies.
- electroacoustic transducers are resonant systems, and most information can be extracted around their resonant frequencies. These resonance frequencies can, in known manner, be extracted from an impedance curve of these transducers.
- some parameters of these transducers can have a high frequency influence, that is to say beyond the resonant frequency of the transducer.
- amplitude levels of the one or more excitation audio signals E may be considered. This makes it possible to observe sometimes a linear behavior of the acoustic assembly 2 or a non-linear behavior, as a function of the amplitude level of these signals. The choice of amplitude levels to observe these two behaviors does not pose a problem in itself to the skilled person and is not described in more detail here.
- the measuring device 11 performs one or more electrical measurements. More specifically, it carries out a measurement of the electrical current flowing through the membrane of the various active radiating elements (ie electrodynamic transducers here) of the acoustic assembly 2. It also measures the supply voltages here. provided at the input of the electrodynamic transducers 3-l, ..., 3-Nl by the excitation module 10.
- the excitation module 10 is perfectly known, it is possible rather than measuring strictly speaking the supply voltages with the aid of the measuring device 11, to predict the value of these supply voltages from the excitation signal E and the knowledge that one has of the excitation module 10. This prediction can be realized by the measuring device 11 or, alternatively, by the module 9B for determining the estimation device 9 directly.
- the measuring device 11 also carries out mechanical measurements. for example using a laser device known per se for the radiating elements or an acoustic velocity probe for the vents, including:
- the measuring device 11 may carry out other measures in addition to or in replacement of the aforementioned mechanical measurements, such as for example a mechanical measurement of acceleration of the displacement, in particular using a laser interferometer, or an acoustic measurement such as a measurement of the internal sound pressure of the chamber 4, in particular using a microphone.
- the various measurements made by the measuring device 11 are performed over a certain measurement period (in relation to a corresponding excitation time of the acoustic unit 2 by the module of excitation 10), in order to limit the sensitivity of these measurements to the measurement noise.
- This practice is common to the skilled person for this type of measurement.
- the module 9B determines the values of the states of the N radiating elements of the acoustic set 2 (step E30), and deduces therefrom the state vector s k at the sampling instant kT s .
- the module 9B can determine the value of the speed of this displacement by derivation of the measurement which has been supplied to it. Conversely, if only the acceleration of the displacement has been measured by the measuring device 11, the module 9B can determine the value of this displacement and / or its speed by one or more appropriate numerical integrations. In order to limit the digital noise related to such a derivation and / or integration, denoising or regularization techniques known per se and not described here can be implemented by the module 9B.
- the latter can determine the displacement of the mass of air flowing in a vent of the acoustic assembly. from the above equation (5), by knowing the effective surfaces of the radiating elements and the acoustic stiffness K a E of the enclosure 4.
- the module 9B also reconstructs from the values of the input voltages the input vector u k at instant kT s .
- the values of the state vectors s k and of the inputs w k are then provided by the module 9B to the estimation module 9C of the estimation device 9.
- the numerical model MOD is a nonlinear discrete model.
- the estimation module 9C implements here a process of cyclic or iterative minimization of a plurality of cost functions, in other words predetermined error criteria (a cost function per parameter).
- these error criteria are least squares criteria to minimize the error between the parameters estimated by the model proposed by the invention, and the measurements made in response to the (x) excitation signal (ux), these criteria resulting from a reformulation of equation (8).
- the coefficients k " Pi , b" Pi , I “ i correspond to the values of the parameters L" Pi , B “ p " i, K m m at low amplitude level of the excitation signal E (ie in a range of amplitudes where these parameters have a linear behavior).
- / k depends on components of the vector s k , linear and non-linear parameters of the acoustic assembly 2 and the effective radiating surfaces of the radiating elements. Examples of f k are given later for different configurations of the acoustic assembly 2.
- the module 9C of the estimation device 9 applies the iterative minimization process illustrated schematically in FIG. 5.
- This process comprises the implementation of a number of iterations MAX1TER, this number being able to be predetermined or alternatively depending on the verification of a predetermined convergence criterion (MAXITER then designating the iteration from which this convergence criterion is verified).
- the minimization process implemented by the module 9C comprises an initialization phase (steps E41-E43) during which the module 9C makes a first estimate of the parameters of the acoustic set 2 under the assumption that all these parameters are linear (step E42).
- the initialization phase is based on the values of the states of the radiating elements determined from measurements made following the excitation of the acoustic assembly 2 with a first excitation signal E of small amplitude.
- the values of the states of the radiating elements are determined from measurements made by the measuring device 11 following the excitation of the acoustic assembly 2 with a second excitation signal E of high amplitude.
- step E46 an estimation of the non-linear parameters from the minimization of least squares criteria defined by the equations (10) is implemented (step E46), replacing in these criteria, the values of the linear parameters by the values of these parameters. estimated at step E45.
- the steps E45 and E46 are repeated using respectively the values of the parameters linear lines estimated at step E46 of the previous iteration and the values of the linear parameters estimated at step E45 of the current iteration.
- step E48 If the MAXIT number is reached (yes in step E47), the process is stopped (step E48).
- the last estimated values of the linear and non-linear parameters of the acoustic set 2 are provided by the estimation device 9.
- the MOD model is a nonlinear model.
- the estimation of these parameters according to the invention is based on the use of a linear MOD model, so that only the least squares criteria corresponding to equation (9) (or other functions of cost considered) are minimized.
- all or part of the linear parameters characterizing the acoustic assembly 2 are not estimated but deduced from measurements made for example in response to an excitation of the loudspeakers of the acoustic assembly 2 to using low amplitude excitation signals.
- criteria other than least squares criteria may be used to estimate the parameters of the acoustic set 2, such as for example a standard 1 or a squared distance, between estimated parameters and the measurements made during the excitation of the acoustic assembly 2, etc.
- these two speakers correspond to the same product reference, but the parameters characterizing them are likely to differ slightly due to their manufacturing process.
- p 0 and c respectively denote the density of the air and the speed of sound.
- this first example it is used to excite the acoustic assembly 2 two electrical excitation signals of low amplitude level, respectively provided by the excitation module 10 to the two speakers HP1 and HP2.
- These two excitation signals correspond to two time-shifted versions of the same electrical scanning signal of the frequency range [20 Hz, 2 kHz], in order to guarantee independence between these signals. excitation.
- the excitation being of low level, the loudspeakers operate in the linear domain.
- excitation signals there are strictly no restrictions on the choice of excitation signals. However, this choice can impact the properties exhibited by the acoustic set 2 (eg linearity or non-linearity of the parameters characterizing it). A similar result can be obtained by filtering the excitation signals or the measurements made by the measuring device 11.
- the excitation signals are not necessarily electrical signals although this choice represents a preferential mode for elements radiating electroacoustic transducers type. It may be indeed alternatively acoustic or mechanical excitation signals.
- the measuring device 11 performs electrical measurements and mechanical measurements of the response of the acoustic assembly 2 to the excitation signals. More specifically, it measures, for each loudspeaker, the intensity of the current flowing through the coil of these loudspeakers, the input voltage of each loudspeaker during the excitation of the acoustic assembly and the displacement of the membranes. two speakers. It supplies these measurements to the estimation device 9.
- the module 9B of the estimation device 9 deduces from these measurements, during the step E30, the states of the state vector. The speed of displacement of the membranes is deduced in particular by deriving the measured displacements, and by applying appropriate denoising means.
- the discrete MOD model used by the module 9C and stored in the non-volatile memory 15 of the estimation device 9 is a linear model with the form (index k omitted for the sake of simplification): with A and B two linear matrices given by:
- the state vector s k is defined by:
- the loudspeakers HP1 and HP2 have similar electroacoustic properties. However this assumption is not limiting, and we can consider two speakers with different properties. In this case, the same excitation signal can be supplied to both speakers.
- an acoustic assembly 2 comprising only two loudspeakers has been chosen.
- the invention is not limited to such a configuration, and in particular a larger number of speakers can be envisaged.
- the measuring device 11 performs electrical measurements and mechanical measurements of the response of the acoustic assembly 2 to the excitation signals supplied to the speakers HP1 and HP2.
- the measuring device 11 can make only electrical measurements of the current flowing through the coils of the loudspeakers HP1 and HP2 and / or the voltages supplied at the input of the loudspeakers HP1 and HP2 during the excitation of the loudspeaker. acoustic assembly 2, as detailed now in example 2.
- the acoustic assembly 2 has the same configuration as in example 1 but the measuring device 11 only makes electrical measurements of the response of the acoustic assembly 2 to the excitation signals supplied to the loudspeakers. speakers HPl and HP2. These electrical measurements can include:
- a new least squares criterion is defined so as to allow the estimation of the speed of the loudspeaker membrane HPj from the knowledge of the intensity of the current flowing through the loudspeaker coil. and the voltage supplied at the input of the latter during the excitation of the acoustic assembly 2.
- this criterion can be reformulated in the form:
- this criterion allows the estimation device 9 to obtain an estimate of the speed of movement of the membrane and parameters of the acoustic set 2 by applying a cyclic minimization process.
- the estimation device 9 uses here initial values of the displacement and the speed of displacement of the membranes of the loudspeakers determined from an impedance curve according to the Thiele method. and Small, well known to those skilled in the art and current and voltage values at the input of the loudspeakers.
- the estimation device 9 implements a plurality of iterations during which the previously defined least squares criteria are minimized, and this, until a predetermined convergence criterion is verified or a number is reached. maximum predefined iteration.
- the parameters of the acoustic set are updated during a current iteration with the estimation of these parameters obtained during the previous iteration.
- the estimation device 9 needs information coming from three distinct domains: electrical, mechanical and acoustic. This information can come from measurements made by the measuring device 11 following the excitation of the acoustic assembly 2 by the excitation module 10, or alternatively, they can be deduced from certain physical parameters of the set. 2 which must then be supplied to the estimation device 9 (eg force factor, mass of the moving assembly, effective radiating surfaces, etc.).
- the acoustic assembly 2 has the same configuration as in example 1, but we now consider on the one hand low amplitude excitation signals (to highlight the linear behavior of the acoustic assembly 2) and secondly, excitation signals of high amplitude in order to exploit the non-linear character of certain parameters and more precisely of the force factor, the inductance of the coil and the mechanical stiffness of the suspension.
- HP1 and HP2 speakers The same remarks as those made previously for example 1 concerning the choice of excitation signals in relation to the configuration of loudspeakers, in particular.
- the discrete MOD model used by the module 9C and stored in the nonvolatile memory of the estimating device 9 is a non-linear model written under the form :
- the linear parameters are estimated from the least squares criteria defined from equation (9) previously described.
- a process of cyclic minimization of all these criteria is implemented by the estimation device 9 as previously described, based on an estimation of the linear parameters from the values of the states determined in response to an excitation of the acoustic assembly 2 by means of low amplitude excitation signals, then an estimation of the nonlinear parameters using the estimated linear parameters (estimation of the mechanical stiffness of the suspension, then of the force factor, then of the inductance of the the coil) and from the values of the states determined in response to an excitation of the acoustic assembly 2 by means of high amplitude excitation signals, then again an estimation of the linear parameters using the estimated nonlinear parameters and then a estimation of non-linear parameters using previously estimated linear parameters, etc.
- the linear and non-linear parameters are thus updated with the previous estimate until a predetermined convergence criterion is verified (or a number of iterations reached).
- These excitation signals may correspond, for example, to NI time-shifted versions of the same scanning signal of the frequency range [20 Hz, 2 kHz], in order to guarantee independence between these excitation signals if the speakers have similar acoustic characteristics, or the same excitation signal can be provided to all speakers if they are different.
- the excitation being of low level, the loudspeakers operate in the linear domain.
- the excitation module 10 uses excitation signals of high amplitude so as to operate in the non-linear domain of the loudspeakers.
- the measuring device 11 performs electrical measurements and mechanical measurements of the response of the acoustic assembly 2 to the excitation signals. More precisely, it measures, for each loudspeaker HPj, the intensity of the current flowing through the coil of these loudspeakers and the displacement of the membranes of these loudspeakers. It also measures here the displacement of the mass of air circulating in the EV1 vent.
- the module 9B of the estimation device 9 deduces from these measurements, during the step E30, the states of the state vector.
- the speeds of movement of the membranes of the loudspeakers and the mass of air circulating in the vent are deduced notably by deriving the measured displacements, and by applying appropriate denoising means.
- these speeds of displacement can also be measured by the measuring device 11.
- the displacement of the mass of air flowing in the vent is deduced from an acoustic measurement of the measuring device 11 of the internal acoustic pressure p int of the chamber 4, with the knowledge of the parameter ⁇ of the enclosure.
- the discrete MOD model used by the module 9C and stored in the non-volatile memory of the estimation device 9 is a linear model written under the form (index k omitted for the sake of simplification): with A and z? two linear matrices given by:
- the state vector s k is defined by:
- vent only one vent was considered.
- this assumption is not limiting and several vents can be envisaged in the enclosure 4.
- the vent or the vents can be replaced by passive radiators.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1363238A FR3015847B1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Procede et dispositif d'estimation de parametres caracterisant un ensemble acoutisque |
| PCT/FR2014/053435 WO2015092305A1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2014-12-18 | Procede et dispositif d'estimation de parametres caracterisant un ensemble acoustique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3085113A1 true EP3085113A1 (fr) | 2016-10-26 |
| EP3085113B1 EP3085113B1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 |
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| EP14830830.7A Active EP3085113B1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2014-12-18 | Procede et dispositif d'estimation de parametres caracterisant un ensemble acoustique |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3085113B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3015847B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015092305A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109379678B (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-07-21 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 非线性补偿方法、装置、存储介质及终端设备 |
-
2013
- 2013-12-20 FR FR1363238A patent/FR3015847B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-12-18 EP EP14830830.7A patent/EP3085113B1/fr active Active
- 2014-12-18 WO PCT/FR2014/053435 patent/WO2015092305A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3085113B1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 |
| FR3015847A1 (fr) | 2015-06-26 |
| FR3015847B1 (fr) | 2017-04-07 |
| WO2015092305A1 (fr) | 2015-06-25 |
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