EP3101189B1 - Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped - Google Patents

Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3101189B1
EP3101189B1 EP16156563.5A EP16156563A EP3101189B1 EP 3101189 B1 EP3101189 B1 EP 3101189B1 EP 16156563 A EP16156563 A EP 16156563A EP 3101189 B1 EP3101189 B1 EP 3101189B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building unit
depression
unit
building
projections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP16156563.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3101189A1 (en
Inventor
Katerina NOVÁKOVÁ
Simon PROKOP
Jan Capek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Czech Technical University In Prague
Original Assignee
Czech Technical University In Prague
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Czech Technical University In Prague filed Critical Czech Technical University In Prague
Publication of EP3101189A1 publication Critical patent/EP3101189A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3101189B1 publication Critical patent/EP3101189B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D21/00—Nestable, stackable or joinable containers; Containers of variable capacity
    • B65D21/02—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
    • B65D21/0201—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together stackable or joined together side-by-side
    • B65D21/0204—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together stackable or joined together side-by-side and joined together by interconnecting formations forming part of the container, e.g. dove-tail, snap connections, hook elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D21/00—Nestable, stackable or joinable containers; Containers of variable capacity
    • B65D21/02—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
    • B65D21/0209—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together stackable or joined together one-upon-the-other in the upright or upside-down position
    • B65D21/023—Closed containers provided with local cooperating elements in the top and bottom surfaces, e.g. projection and recess
    • B65D21/0231—Bottles, canisters or jars whereby the neck or handle project into a cooperating cavity in the bottom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/36—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/361—Modular elements with complementary shapes, interengageable parts or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/22—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0213—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of round shape

Definitions

  • the invention aims to reuse the recycled material in architecture and civil engineering. So far, architecture has not focused on recycling materials too much and, therefore, there is a lot of untapped potential.
  • weight-based building units it is a brick-sized unit, lightweight but load-bearing, which allows mobility and flexibility of structures, specifically temporary ones.
  • PET bricks as known at present, are described and documented on the Czech market. Two prototypes of PET bricks - star-shaped and bottle-shaped PET bricks - are known in the world. The brick sizes correspond to the sizes of bottles of different volumes because they are manufactured on a standardized line for bottle production.
  • the star-shaped brick from Taiwan consists of two parts in the shape of a cylinder, which are turned relative to one another so they fit into each other when installed. They are developed in three sizes by volume: 400 ml, 670 ml and 6,000 ml.
  • the disadvantage of the star-shaped brick design is that although the bricks are adapted in shape to fit into each other, they do not hold together, there is no interlocking mechanism. They need to be bonded with silicone and, moreover, connected with auxiliary plates.
  • a plastic bottle-shaped brick is also known, i.e. a container for drinking water and a building unit in one.
  • On the peripheral shell of the bottle there are projections and depressions and the individual units are held together so that these projections fit into the depressions; however the connecting method does not allow standard bond between bricks.
  • This Swiss solution is problematic in particular in corners as well as on the brick-wall interface where additional structures, wires, must be used. With this bottle-shaped brick it is not possible to create multi-layered walls and conventional bonds between individual units.
  • Another disadvantage of this solution is that it is shape-dependent, i.e. it looks like a bottle, can be gripped in one hand, even for the first use of the object, which is a user-friendly shape for beverage consumption.
  • a transparent building element with a cavity is known under Czech utility model No. 27743; it is filled with a substance accumulating solar energy. This element consists of two parts and its material is not clear. It cannot be joined without mortar.
  • a system of embedding PET bottles in a prefabricated wall is also known - Czech utility model No. 12054 and Czech patent No. 294 646 - wherein the binder is concrete, which is a disadvantage from an environmental viewpoint. Bottles only form air insulation in this case. PET bottles were also used in the building design of Czech patent No. 294 667 , in the prefabricated element of outer walls. The bottles act as self-acting shuttering there and help form cavities, but they are not load-bearing.
  • Bottles intended for construction purposes are known and designed primarily of glass, Heineken WOBO and Bottle Brick of GlassLab, both in the United States of America. It is impossible to connect such units, produced from a hard and rigid material, such as glass and concrete, without using any other means.
  • PET bottles are just one of the layers.
  • Several Romanian patents have been found regarding a building and roof construction unit of plastic and, specifically, also PET, where the bottles are cast in other substances, such as concrete, etc., so they cannot be individually connected again. None of these examples allows binding between the components in the vertical direction and does not provide load-carrying capacity of the element.
  • a bottle-shaped building unit made of plastic is also described in WO 2015/001275 A1 .
  • the deficiencies mentioned above are, to a large extent, eliminated by a building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped, based on this invention. Its essence is that it has the shape of a prism whose bottom has an aspect ratio of 1:2 and a bevel angle of 45°, with rounded corners with a unified radius.
  • the prism height is equal to once to twice its width, with one shorter side of the prism having a projection in the shape of two continuous equal-armed crosses with rounding in the inner corners and the opposite shorter side has a negative depression matching the projection.
  • the bottom has a depression for up to three necks of other building units, including caps, and the projections are bevelled on all sides at an angle of 45°, with the recesses being bevelled at an angle of 45° on all sides.
  • the depression in the prism body has advantageously a spacing of 180° and its depth corresponds to the height of the neck with the cap, with the depression being terminated with a semi-circle whose radius matches the outer perimeter of the neck with the cap.
  • the height of the projections is advantageously 0.2 mm smaller than the depth of the recesses and their width is 0.2 mm smaller than the width of the recesses,
  • the corners have a unified radius of 10 mm.
  • the building unit is advantageously made of recycled plastic, in particular materials selected from the group of PET, HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP.
  • the building unit can be filled with a material selected from the group of liquid, gas and bulk materials and its walls can be covered with an adhesive substance.
  • the essence of the invention is based on the need to address excessive plastic waste.
  • the solution is derived from experiments carried out on PET bottles, where PET bottles turned out to be a load-carrying building unit.
  • the building unit is self-supporting and can be connected without any additional adhesives, thus retaining its recyclability. It uses the flexibility of the plastic - polyethylene terephthalate - in the sense that the building units have a shape that allows their interconnection, thus the cohesion of units without any additional bonding material, such as an adhesive etc.
  • the possibility of connection is provided by projections on the building unit - "brick", which fit into the recesses.
  • the bricks can be connected using construction methods - by interlocking them together.
  • the bricks can also be installed perpendicularly, i.e.
  • the proposed solution allows multi-layer masonry, which can be more rugged and stable against external forces thanks to its joints.
  • the bricks fit into one another on four sides: from the top, from the bottom, from the front - cap and from the back - bottom of the bottle.
  • it is primarily made from recycled materials or from PET with a high share of recycled materials, thus entering the recycling cycle and extending its duration.
  • Units can be advantageously made from plastics such as HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, but especially from PET.
  • the building unit has the potential to fulfil several functions dependent on the specific composition of the recycled material: in construction but also as a container for beverages.
  • the building unit meets the conditions for beverage filling. It is also possible to make a multi-layer unit with a high share of recycled materials, where only the inner layer complies with sanitary regulations.
  • the building unit It is possible to fill the building unit with a liquid, especially water, gas, and especially with air and air with a high share of CO 2 and with solids, in particular bulk. It can also be filled with mixtures of substances.
  • the building unit can be made in different sizes while preserving the principle of joining.
  • the aspect ratio must comply with the proposed scheme, the size ratios depend on the shape and size of the closure.
  • figure 1 shows an exemplary building unit in an exploded view.
  • Figure 2 shows this unit in a bottom view.
  • Figure 3 shows a side view and figure 4 a plan view.
  • the dimensions of the building unit are based on the specificities of the production technology, mostly the dimensions of the injection / blowing mould. It has three parts, one bottom and two opposite parts enclosing the bottle perfectly from all sides. Considering the maximum height of 50 mm of the bottom part of this mould, all the other dimensions must be adapted. Another determining factor is the shape of the neck and the shape of the cap - i.e. Also the proposed brick.
  • the aspect ratio is the principal property of the proposed solution.
  • the layout aspect ratio must be 1 : 2, so that individual bricks can be easily joined into the resulting wall.
  • projection a On the top surface of the building unit there is projection a in the shape of two continuous equal-armed crosses, with rounding on inner corners b .
  • Projection a has thickness t of 6 to 40 mm and edge rounding a1 in the vertical direction, see the brick view.
  • the difference in the vertical dimensions of projection a and the recess is defined using parameter q of 0 to 2 mm.
  • the building unit - brick is unique in terms of materials and shape in combination with the method of sorting and joining without any additional materials.
  • this brick is produced using the same method as PET bottles, without significant interference with standard technology.
  • depression o On side n , which is opposite neck m, there is depression o on the central axis, which can accommodate up to three necks of other bricks, including caps.
  • This depression o sinks in the body of the product with a spacing of 180° at a depth corresponding to the height of neck m , including the standard size of the cap, to which the material thickness is added.
  • This depression o is, at the plane of view, terminated with semi-circle r whose radius of 17.2 mm is equal to the outer perimeter of the neck with a standard-size cap.
  • the total profile of the moult for this depression o must run in a length not exceeding 55 mm from the edge of the product.
  • edges pertaining to surfaces s which would contain a right angle, are bevelled once more at an angle of 45°, edge c is bevelled at a gradually changing angle between o and 45°, where o° is located at the tip of arc r .
  • the building unit has the potential to fulfil several functions dependent on the specific composition of the recycled material: in construction but also as a container for beverages.
  • the building unit can be produced in different sizes while maintaining its principle of joining, in particular from preforms which are intended for the production of 1.5 litre bottles.
  • the aspect ratio must comply with the proposed scheme, the size ratios depend on the shape and size of the closure.
  • the building unit is primarily made from recycled materials or from E with a high share of recycled materials.
  • Units can be advantageously made from plastics such as HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, but especially from PET. It is possible to fill the unit with a liquid, especially water, gas, and especially with air and air with a high share of CO 2 with the advantage of pressurizing, and with solids, in particular bulk. It can also be filled with mixtures of substances.
  • the bricks can be connected using construction methods - by interlocking them together.
  • the bricks can also be installed perpendicularly, i.e. at an angle of 90°. The bricks fit into one another on four sides: from the top, from the bottom, from the front and from the back.
  • the building unit - brick is made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) of any colour. It can be transparent, translucent as well as dull. Other materials suitable for production are recycled HDPE, LDPE, PE and PP.
  • rPET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the building unit of plastic according to this invention can be used in the construction of temporary buildings or mobile structures.
  • the shape of the brick makes it also possible to build ordinary structures, too.
  • the building unit is designed as a construction element intended for dry walling. When walling, individual construction elements are generally arranged in different patterns so as to achieve a rigid and strong final structure. For this purpose, it is desirable to produce individual elements industrially.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Stackable Containers (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
EP16156563.5A 2015-02-20 2016-02-19 Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped Not-in-force EP3101189B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2015-115A CZ2015115A3 (cs) 2015-02-20 2015-02-20 Stavební jednotka z plastu, zejména ve tvaru lahve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3101189A1 EP3101189A1 (en) 2016-12-07
EP3101189B1 true EP3101189B1 (en) 2017-10-04

Family

ID=56120846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16156563.5A Not-in-force EP3101189B1 (en) 2015-02-20 2016-02-19 Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3101189B1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ2015115A3 (cs)
HU (1) HUE035946T2 (cs)

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DE19517460A1 (de) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 Reinhold Moser Mehrwegverpackung, insbesondere für Flüssigkeiten
US5779051A (en) * 1996-09-09 1998-07-14 Boutin; Raymond Two-plane stacking container for liquids
CZ262497A3 (cs) 1997-08-18 1999-03-17 František Kukelka Způsob použití odpadních lahví z umělých hmot ke stavebním účelům
CZ6946U1 (cs) 1997-10-22 1997-12-29 Best A.S. Modulový systém stavebních prvků
CZ294667B6 (cs) * 2001-11-12 2005-02-16 Kloknerův Ústav Čvut Prefabrikovaný prvek obvodového zdiva zejména pro suché zdění
CZ294646B6 (cs) * 2001-11-12 2005-02-16 Kloknerův Ústav Čvut Stavebnicový systém pro nízkopodlažní prefabrikovanou výstavbu stavebních objektů
CZ12054U1 (cs) 2001-11-12 2002-03-11 Kloknerův Ústav Čvut Stavebnicový systém pro nízkopodlažní prefabrikovanou výstavbu stavebních objektů
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ITPD20020075A1 (it) * 2002-03-25 2003-09-25 Acqua Minerale S Benedetto S P Bottiglia in materia plastica particolarmente per il contenimento di bevande.
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CN103835428B (zh) 2014-01-02 2016-01-20 山东大学 一种发光型pet-砖粉砌块
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUE035946T2 (hu) 2018-06-28
CZ306019B6 (cs) 2016-06-22
EP3101189A1 (en) 2016-12-07
CZ2015115A3 (cs) 2016-06-22

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