EP3108626A1 - Sélection d'une passerelle de réseau capillaire vers un réseau cellulaire - Google Patents

Sélection d'une passerelle de réseau capillaire vers un réseau cellulaire

Info

Publication number
EP3108626A1
EP3108626A1 EP14805383.8A EP14805383A EP3108626A1 EP 3108626 A1 EP3108626 A1 EP 3108626A1 EP 14805383 A EP14805383 A EP 14805383A EP 3108626 A1 EP3108626 A1 EP 3108626A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cgw
cgws
network
dynamic properties
selection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14805383.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Sachs
Vlasios Tsiatsis
Nicklas BEIJAR
Francesco MILITANO
Anders E Eriksson
Johan Rune
Ari KERÄNEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Publication of EP3108626A1 publication Critical patent/EP3108626A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
    • H04W76/16—Involving different core network technologies, e.g. a packet-switched [PS] bearer in combination with a circuit-switched [CS] bearer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/17—Selecting a data network PoA [Point of Attachment]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/10—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to capillary network gateway selection in a capillary network.
  • BACKGROUND Future wireless communication systems are likely to comprise a large number of autonomous devices, which devices more or less infrequently transmit, receive, or are polled for small amounts of data. These devices are assumed to not necessarily be associated with humans but are rather sensors or actuators of different kinds, which communicate with application servers or similar network entities within or outside a cellular network.
  • a non- human operated machine device communicating with a human controlled UE may also be a common scenario.
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • MTC Machine Type Communication
  • MDs machine devices
  • M2M applications are almost countless, e.g., in private cars for communicating service needs, in water or electricity meters for remote control and/or remote meter reading, in street-side vending machines for communicating when goods are out-of-stock or when enough coins are present to justify a visit for emptying, in taxi cars for validating credit cards, or in surveillance cameras for home or corporate security purposes.
  • MDs may not even be battery powered, but may instead rely on energy harvesting, i.e., gathering energy from the environment, opportunistically utilizing the often very limited energy that may be tapped from sun light, temperature gradients, vibrations, and the like.
  • the gateway acts like a user equipment, UE, towards the cellular network while also maintaining a local network, typically based on a short range radio technology, towards the MDs.
  • the gateways are often equipped with communication modules or units which support both the radio access technology of the cellular network and the radio access technology of the local network.
  • Such a local network which extends the reach of the cellular network to other radios outside the cellular network, has been coined capillary network.
  • the gateway connecting or linking the capillary network to the cellular network will be herein referred to as a Capillary Network Gateway, CGW.
  • Radio technologies that are expected to be common in capillary networks include e.g. IEEE 802.15.4, e.g. with 6L0WPAN or ZigBee as the higher layers, Bluetooth Low Energy or low energy versions of the IEEE 802.11 family, i.e. Wi-Fi.
  • a capillary network may be single hop, i.e. all MDs have a direct link to the CGW, e.g. a Wi-Fi network with the CGW as the access point, or multi-hop, i.e. some MDs may have to communicate via one or more other MDs to reach the CGW, e.g. an IEEE 802.15.4+ZigBee network with the CGW being a controller for a personal area network, PAN.
  • the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks, RPL may be used.
  • the MD commonly selects CGW based on propagation conditions between the MD and the CGW, e.g. signal-to-noise ratio, SNR, signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, SINR, or a measure of received power.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • SINR signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio
  • a capillary network gateway CGW, linking the machine device to the cellular network.
  • This object is achieved by a method performed in a network node, a network node and a computer program run in the network node.
  • the object is also achieved by a method performed in a machine device, a machine device and a computer program run in the machine device.
  • the disclosure presents a method, performed in a network node, of selecting a capillary network gateway, CGW, for linking a machine device, MD, operating according to a local area radio access technology, RAT, in a capillary network, to a cellular network via the CGW.
  • the capillary network comprises a plurality of CGWs that each have a connection to the cellular network.
  • the method comprises to determine one or more dynamic properties for each of at least two CGWs of the plurality of CGWs, wherein the one or more dynamic properties relate to a traffic processing and forwarding capability of the respective CGW, and to control selection of at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the determined one or more dynamic properties.
  • the disclosure improves CGW selection in capillary networks by basing the selection on dynamic properties for the CGWs when operating in the capillary network and having a connection to the cellular network.
  • the step of controlling selection of at least one CGW comprises selecting at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the gathered data and providing information to the MD on the selected at least one CGW.
  • the method further comprises sending an instruction to the MD to set up a local area radio connection to the selected CGW.
  • the method further includes providing the determined one or more dynamic properties for a CGW to each CGW of the capillary network.
  • the disclosure enables a distributed knowledge of the dynamic properties in each CGW, so that a selection may be performed based on information retrieved from any CGW of the capillary network.
  • the one or more dynamic properties comprise the traffic load experienced by each CGW, the channel quality of the cellular radio connection for the CGW and/or the radio access technology of the cellular network.
  • the disclosure enables selection of CGW based on a combination of dynamic properties, reflecting different aspects of CGW deployment.
  • each CGW has a connection to a radio base station, RBS, of the cellular network
  • the method further includes the step of retrieving data related to cells of one or more RBSs having a cellular radio connection to a CGW in the capillary network; and wherein the step of controlling selection of at least one CGW is based on a combination of the determined one or more dynamic properties for the CGWs and the retrieved data.
  • the disclosure enables leveraging of information from both the capillary network and the cellular network.
  • the disclosure provides for a selection of CGW based on a combination of dynamic properties related to CGW deployment and dynamic properties relevant for traffic control in the cellular network.
  • the method further includes the step of calculating a preference value for each CGW based on the determined one or more dynamic properties, and wherein the step of controlling selection of at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs is based on the calculated preference value.
  • the disclosure enables a simplified selection of CGWs based on preference values comparable for all CGWs.
  • the disclosure enables a centralized control of the MD selection, thus improving the network control of MDs.
  • the step of determining one or more dynamic properties for each of the at least two CGWs further comprises instructing the MD to predict a channel quality of the local area radio connection.
  • the step of controlling selection of at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the determined one or more dynamic properties comprises instructing the MD to perform a selection of a CGW.
  • the step of controlling selection of at least one CGW comprises configuring in the MD a set of policies/rules governing a CGW selection by the MD and further comprising instructing the MD to select at least one CGW.
  • all MDs of the capillary network are provided with the same policies/rules.
  • a policy/rule for CGW selection is based on MD application parameters.
  • the network node is a capillary network function, CNF, arranged to control CGWs of one or more capillary networks.
  • the disclosure provides for capillary network gateway selection in a capillary network function, CNF, dedicated for handling CGWs and possibly other devices in the capillary network.
  • CNF capillary network function
  • the step of instructing the MD to set up a local area radio connection to a CGW comprises providing instructions in a field in a Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks, RPL, message, in a link layer message or in a broadcast or unicast Ipv6 router advertisement.
  • RPL Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
  • Other possibilities include sending the instruction in a Constrained Application Protocol, CoAP, message or an Open Mobile Alliance Lightweight Machine-to-Machine, OMA-LWM2M, message.
  • the disclosure enables use of well known message structures in the interface between an MD and a CGW.
  • the disclosure also presents a network node arranged to select a capillary network gateway, CGW, for linking a machine device, MD, operating according to a local area radio access technology, RAT, in a capillary network including a plurality of CGWs, to a cellular network via the CGW.
  • the network node comprises a processor, a communication interface and a memory containing instructions executable by said processor.
  • the network node is operative to determine one or more dynamic properties for each of at least two CGWs of the plurality of CGWs, wherein the one or more dynamic properties relate to a traffic forwarding capability of the respective CGW; and to control selection of at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the determined one or more dynamic properties.
  • the network node is a capillary network function, CN F, and the network node further includes a communication interface to at least one operation and maintenance, O&M, entity.
  • the disclosure also presents a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which when run in a network node, causes the network node to perform the disclosed method.
  • the network node and the computer-readable storage medium each display advantages corresponding to the advantages already described in relation to the method performed in the network node.
  • the disclosure presents a method, performed in a machine device, MD, of selecting a capillary network gateway, CGW, for linking the MD to a cellular network via the CGW.
  • the MD is arranged to operate according to a local area radio access technology in a capillary network, the capillary network comprising a plurality of CGWs that each have a connection to the cellular network.
  • the method comprises receiving an instruction from a network node to select at least one CGW based on dynamic properties determined for each of at least two CGWs of the plurality of CGWs.
  • the method further comprises selecting the at least one CGW and setting up a local area connection to the selected at least one CGW.
  • the method in an MD further comprises determining in the MD one or more dynamic properties for each of the at least two CGWs in the capillary network.
  • the one or more dynamic properties comprise a traffic load experienced by the CGW.
  • the one or more dynamic properties comprise a channel quality of the CG W's connection to the cellular network.
  • the one or more dynamic properties comprise the radio access technology for the CGW's connection to the cellular network.
  • the method further includes the step of calculating a preference value for each CGW based on the determined one or more dynamic properties, and wherein the step of selecting comprises selecting the at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the calculated preference value.
  • the step of determining one or more dynamic properties for each of the at least two CGWs further comprises predicting a channel quality of the local area radio connection.
  • the step of receiving an instruction from a network node comprises receiving information to select the at least one CGW.
  • the step of selecting comprises receiving instructions from a network node on how to select a CGW.
  • the step of selecting is based on one or more policies/rules for CGW selection stored in the MD.
  • the one or more policies/rules for CGW selection include a policy/rule based on MD application parameters.
  • the disclosure presents a machine device arranged to select a capillary network gateway, CGW, for linking the machine device to a cellular network via the CGW; the MD operating according to a local area radio access technology, RAT, in a capillary network comprising a plurality of CGWs.
  • RAT local area radio access technology
  • the MD comprises a processor, a radio circuitry and a memory, said memory containing instructions executable by said processor whereby the MD is operative to receive an instruction from a network node to select at least one CGW based on dynamic properties determined for each of at least two CGWs of the plurality of CGWs, to select the at least one CGW and to set up a local area radio connection to the selected at least one CGW.
  • the disclosure also presents a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which when run in a machine device, MD, causes the MD to perform the disclosed method.
  • the method in a machine device, the machine device and the computer-readable storage medium each display advantages corresponding to the advantages already described in relation to the method performed in the network node.
  • Figure 1 schematically discloses a basic LTE architecture
  • Figure 2 schematically discloses a capillary network principle
  • Figure 3 exemplifies a capillary network deployment
  • Figure 4 is a flowchart schematically illustrating embodiments of method steps performed in a network node
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a network node for performing the method steps
  • Figure 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating embodiments of method steps performed in a machine device
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a machine device for performing the method steps
  • Figure 8 schematically discloses a capillary network application example.
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • Wi-Fi Wi-Fi refers to a set of features defined by the Wi-Fi Alliance, which are based on the IEEE 802.11 family of radio technologies.
  • a Wi-Fi certified device is a device that has successfully completed the Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing. DETAI LED DESCRIPTION
  • local area radio connection means that a radio technology is used for the connection and although this is indeed the typical scenario, scenarios where the local area connection is established using non-radio means, such as physical wires or infrared light should herein be regarded as being comprised by the terms “local area connection”, “local area network connection” and “local area radio connection”.
  • control mechanisms for selection of one out of multiple CGWs that are available to a MD is an area in which solutions have been lacking.
  • a MD should not be seen as restricted to only non-human operated devices (even though this is the typical case), but may also be a human operated device, e.g. a network technician (or MD deployment worker) temporarily connected his/her laptop to a capillary network.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a basic LTE architecture, including radio base stations, RBS, arranged for communicating with wireless devices over a wireless communication interface.
  • the RBSs here shown as eNBs
  • eNBs are connected to MME/S-GW entities via SI interfaces.
  • the eNBs are connected to each other via X2 interfaces.
  • the architecture shown in Figure 1 may, e.g., be used for transporting data from machine devices, MDs, in a capillary network to an application server.
  • Figure 2 schematically discloses a capillary network principle wherein machine type devices 11 operate in a local area network 10.
  • the local area network hereinafter also denominated as a capillary network, has an interface to a cellular network 20, e.g.
  • CGWs 12 each provides a link from the capillary network to the cellular network and consequently also a link from a machine device, MD, 11 to the cellular network 20 via the CGW 12.
  • the CGW has a communication link to a radio base station, RBS, 21 of the cellular network 20.
  • RBS radio base station
  • the CGW communicates with the RBS in the same manner as any other type of user equipment, UE, having a radio link connection to the RBS.
  • the CGW also maintains a local area network connection toward the MDs 11, typically based on short range radio technology, e.g. Wi-Fi.
  • An application server 22 connected to the cellular network e.g. directly connected to the cellular network (e.g. operated by the operator of the cellular nework) or connected to the cellular network via the Internet, receives messages from the machine devices 11, e.g. reports on measurements performed by the MDs 11.
  • the cellular network is capable of controlling the CGWs, irrespective of whether the cellular network operator or some other party, such as the owner/operator of the capillary network, owns the CGW.
  • Figure 3 exemplifies a capillary network deployment including a plurality of MDs 11 connected via a local area radio access technology, RAT, of the capillary network to the CGWs 12a, 12b which in turn are connected to respective radio base stations, RBSs, 21a, 21b of a cellular network.
  • RAT local area radio access technology
  • the following disclosure is based on the assumption of a capillary network according to the basic principles illustrated in Figure 3, where a MD, at least from a capillary network deployment perspective, is capable of setting up a link to the cellular network by means of multiple CGWs and where a selection of CGW should be performed prior to establishing the link.
  • a MD 11 is capable of having multiple local area connections, e.g.
  • the following disclosure is applicable to the situation of selecting one CGW for linking the MD to a cellular network, but also to the situation of selecting two or more CGWs for providing the link.
  • FIG 4 is a flowchart schematically illustrating embodiments of method steps performed in a network node for selecting a capillary network gateway, CGW, for linking a machine device, MD, to a cellular network.
  • the MD is arranged to operate according to a local area radio access technology in a capillary network including a plurality of CGWs, in Figure 3 illustrated as two CGWs.
  • Each CGW is arranged to operate according to a local area radio access technology in the capillary network and to operate according to a radio access technology in the cellular network.
  • each CGW has a cellular radio connection to a radio base station, RBS, of the cellular network.
  • radio access technology is not limited to one of the "main types" of radio access technologies, such as LTE, HSPA, WCDMA, 2G/GPRS, CDMA2000 or Wi-Fi, but may also include more granular information, such as supported 3GPP release, maximum data rate, etc.
  • the network node performing the disclosed method could be a CGW, a new logical network entity denoted Capillary Network Function, CNF, an Operation and Maintenance, O&M, entity, any combination of these entities or any other type of node entity capable of observing or acquiring information, or alternatively receiving policies/rules, relevant for dynamic properties of the CGWs of the capillary network and of conveying the information to an MD directly or indirectly.
  • CNF Capillary Network Function
  • O&M Operation and Maintenance
  • the network node determines in step S41 one or more dynamic properties for each of at least two CGWs of the plurality of CGWs in the capillary network.
  • Dynamic properties refer to such properties that relate to the traffic processing and forwarding capability of the respective CGW.
  • the dynamic properties comprise the traffic load experienced by each CGW, e.g. the load experienced by the CGW in terms of traffic processing/forwarding and/or number of connected MDs. Consequently, the step of determining S41, could comprise any combination of determining traffic load, determining channel quality (between the MD and the CGW) and determining RAT of the cellular network.
  • the dynamic properties comprise channel quality of the cellular radio connection for the CGW, e.g. by means of SNR, SINR, or other types of suitable quality measurements.
  • the one or more dynamic properties comprise the radio access technology of the cellular network.
  • the disclosure is not limited to determining the "main types" of radio access technologies, such as LTE, HSPA, WCDMA, 2G/GPRS, CDMA2000 or Wi-Fi, but may also include more granular information, such as supported 3GPP release, maximum data rate, etc.
  • any of above mentioned parameters of dynamic properties, alone or in any combination with one another or with further parameters suitable for determining dynamic properties are, in accordance with the various aspects of the disclosure used as input to the step of controlling S44 selection of at least one CGW out of available CGWs, i.e. of the at least two CGWs, based on the determined dynamic properties.
  • the above listed information that is to serve as input data to the CGW selection has to be gathered somehow.
  • the determination of dynamic properties for the at least two CGWs in the capillary network i.e. the information gathering may be performed in different ways and by different entities.
  • the network node performs the step S44a of selecting at least one CGW and provides S45a information to the MD on the selected at least one CGW.
  • the network node sends an instruction to the MD to set up a local area connection to the selected CGW.
  • the determining S41 of the one or more dynamic properties and controlling S44 selection of CGW(s) based on the determined dynamic properties provides an improved solution for CGW selection in capillary networks by basing the selection on dynamic properties for the CGWs when operating in the capillary network and having a connection to the cellular network.
  • the method further includes retrieving S42 RBS traffic load of the RBS the CGW is connected to for each CGW and selecting at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on a combination of the determined one or more dynamic properties for the CGW and the RBS load for the RBS the CGW is connected to.
  • Controlling S44 selection of at least one CGW based on dynamic properties may also be simplified by using preference values that provide comparable results for all CGW.
  • the method includes calculating a preference value for each CGW based on the determined one or more dynamic properties, and wherein the step of controlling S44 selection comprises selecting at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the calculated preference values.
  • the CGW choice related information, i.e. the determined dynamic properties, of each CGW may be sent from the CGW to the MD in the form of a field in a RPL message, as a link layer message, e.g. a field in a beacon message, or as a parameter in a broadcast or unicast IPv6 router advertisement.
  • This information either comprises explicit descriptions of the CGW load, cellular radio channel quality and/or cellular RAT associated with the CGW, or the same information provided in a more condensed form, e.g. as a preference value.
  • the method further includes sending S46 an instruction to the MD, i.e. instructing the MD to set up a local area radio connection to a specified CGW and linking to the cellular network via the specified CGW.
  • the step of sending S46 an instruction to the MD to set up a local area connection to the selected CGW, i.e. connect or associate to the cellular network via the at least one CGW determined based on the determined one or more dynamic properties further comprises any of the CGW to which the MD is currently connected sending an instruction to the MD to connect/associate with a certain alternative CGW, or to remain with the current CGW,
  • the CGW to which the MD is currently connected sending the instruction to connect/associate with a certain alternative CGW, or to remain with the current CGW in the form of a field in a RPL message, as a link layer (management) message, as a field in a CoAP message, in an Open Mobile Alliance Ligthweight Machine-to-Machine OMA LWM2M message or as a parameter in a unicast IPv6 router advertisement,
  • the MD having a relation or connection to a capillary network function, CNF, the CNF sending an instruction to the MD to connect/associate with a certain alternative CGW, or to remain with the current CGW,
  • the CNF determining whether a MD should change to another CGW and, if so, the step of causing the MD to link to the cellular network via the at least one selected CGW further comprising the CNF sending an explicit instruction to the MD causing said linkage.
  • the MD having a relation or connection to an O&M entity, the O&M entity sending an instruction to the MD to connect/associate with a certain alternative CGW, or to remain with the current CGW,
  • the MD obeying a received CGW selection instruction only if the CGW it is directed to is available to the MD or reachable with a reasonable channel quality, the instruction to the MD having the form of a number of CGWs listed in priority order so that if the first CGW in the list is unavailable, or has too poor channel quality, the MD chooses the next CGW in the list, etc.
  • Capillary Network Function As noted above, some solution variants make use of a new network entity denoted Capillary Network Function, CNF, as illustrated in Figure 8.
  • This entity is assumed to reside above the SGi interface (or Gi interface or any other corresponding interface between a cellular network and an external packet data network) and is further assumed to be reachable from the CGW via the user plane.
  • the CNF will also have one or more interfaces to one or more O&M entities, e.g. O&M entities dedicated for CGWs, MDs and/or capillary networks.
  • O&M entities dedicated for CGWs, MDs and/or capillary networks.
  • One likely location for the CNF is the SCS, i.e. as a part of the SCS, but it may also be deployed as a separate entity.
  • the CNF is intended to handle various tasks related to the capillary network, in particular the CGW, such as configuration and may possibly also to some extent be involved in traffic processing.
  • the one or more dynamic properties for at least two CGWs that is used for CGW selection has to be determined, in other words, information that is relevant for the CGW selection has to be gathered.
  • All three concerned types of information mentioned above i.e. traffic load experienced by each CGW, channel quality of the cellular radio connection for the CGW and the radio access technology of the cellular network are inherently known by the CGW and may be gathered using the same mechanisms.
  • the RBS e.g. an LTE eNB
  • the RBS also knows the cellular radio link quality and the cellular RAT, so alternative gathering mechanisms may be used for these two types of information.
  • each network node e.g. each CGW
  • each CGW is capable of creating the CGW choice related information and/or derivatives thereof independently of the other CGWs, including setting of a possible preference value.
  • the CGWs of a capillary network are made aware of each other's relevant parameters and derive CGW choice related information and/or derivatives thereof to be sent to the MD(s), e.g. preference values, in a process where the concerned information of all CGWs in the capillary network are taken into account, e.g. to derive relative preference values.
  • the CNF or an O&M entity provides the CGWs with the condensed information derived from the CGW choice related information, e.g.
  • the method further includes providing S43 the determined one or more dynamic properties for at least the other CGWs in the capillary network to each CGW. That is, in one variant the CGWs exchange the concerned information, i.e. their respective CGW load, cellular radio link quality and/or cellular RAT across the capillary network. In another variant all CGWs send their respective relevant information to the CNF, which in turn distributes the information to the other CGWs connected to the same capillary network.
  • the CNF may also be inherently aware of the cellular RAT of a CGW, e.g. because the CNF is involved in the deployment and configuration of the CGW and the CNF may be informed of the cellular RAT in conjunction with such procedures. Irrespective of the manner of acquisition of the cellular RAN information, the CNF distributes it to the CGWs of the same capillary network along with the CGW load and cellular radio link quality. Either way, the result of this information exchange/distribution is that all the CGWs connected to the same capillary network will be aware of the CGW choice related information associated with all the other CGWs connected to the capillary network and hence any of the CGWs can determine which CGW a MD should connect/associate with.
  • the CGW may also take into account information about the MD.
  • Information about the MD could be related to various aspects, e.g. the channel quality between the MD and the CGW in the capillary network or the traffic intensity of the MD, which can be measured by the CGW itself, or a list of the CGWs that the MD can currently reach, which would have to be transmitted from the MD to the CGW.
  • the CGW may use the latter information to reduce the set of CGWs whose information is taken into account, e.g. when derivning a relative preference value, so that only the CGWs that the MD can currently reach are taken into account.
  • the step of determining S41 one or more dynamic properties for each of the at least two CGWs further comprises instructing the MD to predict a channel quality of the local area radio connection.
  • the CGW selection is based on MD application parameters. Consequently, the CGW takes into account information about the MD, e.g. its channel quality (in the capillary network) and/or the application the MD is running. The CGW may e.g. derive such information from observing and sniffing the MD's traffic or from explicit information received from the MD.
  • the step S44 of controlling selection of least one CGW out of at least two CGWs for which dynamic properties have been determined is either performed by the network node, e.g. the CNF, or by the MD.
  • the network node e.g. the CNF
  • the MD itself eventually and inevitably is the entity that executes the CGW selection, e.g. in terms of setting up a link to the cellular network via the CGW, e.g. in the form of an association with a Wi-Fi CGW
  • This control may come in the shape of explicit instructions, policies/rules based on contextual input parameters, and/or modification of contextual parameters that may indirectly affect the MD's choice of CGW.
  • the network node performs the step S44b of configuring policies/rules for CGW selection in the MD and instructs S45b the MD to select CGW based on the configured policies/rules; the configured policies/rules may be included in the instruction to the MD.
  • the step S44 of controlling selection of at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the determined one or more dynamic properties comprises instructing the MD to perform a selection of a CGW.
  • the instructions could have the implication of causing the MD to link to the cellular network via a specific CGW, i.e.
  • the step S45a of providing information to the MD on the selected at least one CGW includes providing information and/or instructions in a field in an RPL message, in a link layer message or in a unicast I pv6 router advertisement. Other possibilities include sending the instruction in a CoAP message or an OMA-LWM2M message.
  • the information on the at least one CGW that is provided to the MD does not have to have explicit information about an already selected CGW. It may also contain information that impacts the choice, whereas the actual choice is performed by the MD. Such information could be e.g. policies/rules for how to perform the selection (e.g. in terms of weighting of various aspects of the CGWs) and/or contextual parameters that may impact the outcome of a CGW selection algorithm .
  • the network control is exercised by means of the MD having a relation with the CNF, or at least the MD is visible and reachable from the CN F.
  • the CNF either gathers the CGW choice related information from the CGWs or is inherently aware of it (possibly the cellular RAT), as described above. Based on this information and possibly information about the MD and/or the application it is running, the CNF determines whether the MD should change to another CGW and, if so, sends an explicit instruction to the MD.
  • the CNF may acquire information about the MD and/or its application from the MD or the Application Server or by observing and sniffing the MD's traffic (provided that all the MD's user data traffic passes through the CN F).
  • the CNF sends the instruction to the MD's current CGW instead of directly to the MD, requesting the CGW to send an instruction to the MD.
  • a pure O&M entity in these solution variants (except that the MD user data traffic would not pass via this entity), such as an O&M entity dedicated for management of MDs, CGWs and/or capillary networks.
  • Both the CNF and an O&M entity may also be involved simultaneously. For instance an O&M entity may gather the CGW choice related information and pass it to the CNF, so that the CNF may distribute the information to the CGWs of the capillary network.
  • the CNF may use the CGW choice related information received from the O&M entity to determine the most suitable CGW and/or send an instruction accordingly to the MD or the MD's current CGW (as described above). It is also conceivable that the CNF and the O&M entity would have the opposite roles in such a cooperation (i.e. the CNF gathering the CGW choice related information and passing it to the O&M for further distribution or CGW selection triggering).
  • the cellular radio channel quality and/or the cellular RAT may, as a further option/alternative, be retrieved from the RBS. If so, the O&M entity may use a management (O&M) interface towards the RBS.
  • the CNF could also have a direct interface towards the RBS, but if the CNF is integrated with the SCS, then a more likely path for the information retrieval may be via the MTC-IWF and the MME, SGSN and/or MSC.
  • the decision making entity may, depending on the scenario, have to be provided with the CGWs that are currently reachable for the MD and possibly also other contextual parameters such as the MD's channel quality to different CGWs and/or the application the MD is running.
  • An alternative could be that the MD obeys a received CGW selection instruction only if the CGW it is directed to is available to the MD (or reachable with a reasonable channel quality).
  • the instruction has the form of a number of CGWs listed in priority order (so that if the first CGW in the list is unavailable, or has too poor channel quality, the MD chooses the next CGW in the list, and so on).
  • the network exercises its control through contextual parameters
  • the network exercises its control over the MD's CGW choice indirectly through policies/rules.
  • the step S44 of controlling selection of at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the determined one or more dynamic properties comprises configuring policies/rules for CGW selection in the MD and providing the policies/rules for CGW selection to the MD.
  • These policies/rules are preferably configured in the MD by an O&M entity, possibly via the CNF. If the O&M entity or CNF does not have a direct relation to the MD, the configuration data may be sent to the CGW to be forwarded to the MD.
  • all MDs of the capillary network are provided with the same policies/rules.
  • one option is that all MDs in the capillary network are configured with the same policies/rules, but individually adapted policies/rules are preferable in order to allow different kinds of MDs/applications in the same capillary network.
  • One way to achieve individual policy/rule adaptation without sending individual policies/rules to different MDs in a capillary network is to take the type of MD/application into account in the policies/rules, i.e. making the type of MD/application a contextual parameter that is part of the input data to the policies/rules.
  • the policies/rules take contextual parameters as input data to an algorithm that outputs a CGW choice.
  • the input data includes the available CGWs and information reflecting their respective CGW choice related information (i.e. their respective load, cellular radio channel quality and/or cellular RAT), but the contextual parameters may also include other aspects, such as current application, channel quality between the MD and the CGW, required transmission power, battery/energy status, location or capillary network technology used by the various CGWs.
  • a policy/rule may be formulated such that the MD should switch to a certain CGW with more suitable combination of load, cellular radio channel quality and/or cellular RAT, but only if the channel quality between the MD and this CGW is good enough.
  • the policy/rule may also state that any change of CGW is subject to the required transmission power (e.g. not allowing increased required transmission power).
  • the CGW choice related information of each CGW may be sent from the CGW to the MD in the form of a field in a RPL message, as a link layer message, e.g. a field in a beacon message, or as a parameter in a broadcast or unicast IPv6 router advertisement.
  • Other possibilities include sending the information in a CoAP message or an OMA-LWM2M message. This information may be explicit descriptions of the load, cellular radio channel quality and/or cellular RAT associated with the CGW, but it may also be information in more condensed forms, e.g. a preference value.
  • Each CGW may create the CGW choice related information and/or derivatives thereof independently of the other CGWs, including setting of a possible preference value.
  • the CGWs are made aware of each other's relevant parameters, in any of the manners described above, and derives CGW choice related information and/or derivatives thereof to be sent to the MD(s), e.g. preference values, in a process where the concerned information of all CGWs in the capillary network (or all CGWs in the capillary network that the MD can currently reach) are taken into account, e.g. to derive relative preference values.
  • the CN F (or an O&M entity) provides the CGWs with the condensed information (derived from the CGW choice related information), e.g. preference values, which the CGWs should deliver to the MDs.
  • the CN F (or O&M entity) sends the information directly to the MDs.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically illustrating some modules for an exemplary embodiment of a network node 50 for performing the method steps.
  • the network node 50 comprises a processor 51 or a processing circuitry that may be constituted by any suitable Central Processing Unit, CPU, microcontroller, Digital Signal Processor, DSP, etc. capable of executing computer program code.
  • the computer program may be stored in a memory 53.
  • the memory 53 can be any combination of a Random Access Memory, RAM, and a Read Only Memory, ROM.
  • the memory 53 may also comprise persistent storage, which, for example, can be any single one or combination of magnetic memory, optical memory, or solid state memory or even remotely mounted memory.
  • the network node 50 further comprises a communication interface 52 configured to communicate with other nodes in the network, e.g., by means of cellular radio access technology, Wi-Fi, and other capillary network radio technologies, such as IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee or Bluetooth Low Energy. Communication with the CN F may also be carried out over a wired connection.
  • cellular radio access technology Wi-Fi
  • capillary network radio technologies such as IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee or Bluetooth Low Energy.
  • the disclosure further relates to a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon the above mentioned computer program which when run in a network node, causes the network node to perform the disclosed method.
  • the above-mentioned computer program When the above-mentioned computer program is run in the processor 51 of the network node 50, it causes the network node 50 to determine S41 one or more dynamic properties for at least two CGWs of the plurality of CGWs, wherein the dynamic properties relate to a traffic processing and forwarding capability of the respective CGW; and to select S44 at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the determined one or more dynamic properties.
  • the processor comprises one or several of:
  • a first determination module 511 configured to determine one or more dynamic properties for each of at least two CGWs of the plurality of CGWs; and - a selection control module 512 configured to control selection of at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the determined dynamic properties.
  • the modules 511 and 512 are implemented in hardware or in software or in a combination thereof.
  • the modules 511 and 512 are according to one aspect implemented as a computer program stored in the memory 53 which runs on the processor 51.
  • the network node 50 is further configured to implement all the aspects of the disclosure as described in relation to the methods above.
  • the network node is a capillary network function, CN F, and the network node further includes a communication interface to at least one operation and maintenance, O&M, entity.
  • Figure 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating embodiments of method steps performed in a machine device, MD, for selecting a capillary network gateway, CGW, for linking the MD to a cellular network.
  • the MD is arranged to operate according to a local area radio access technology in a capillary network, the capillary network including at least two CGWs.
  • Each CGW is arranged to operate according to a local area radio access technology in the capillary network and to operate according to a cellular radio access technology in the cellular network.
  • each CGW has a cellular radio connection to a radio base station, RBS, of the cellular network.
  • the method comprises a step S61 of receiving an instruction to select at least one CGW based on dynamic properties determined for each of at least two CGWs of a plurality of CGWs.
  • the above disclosed network node exercises control over the MDs choice of CGW through explicit instructions to the MD, such as an instruction to the MD to connect/associate with a selected CGW.
  • the instruction could be sent to the MD from a currently connected CGW or possibly by a capillary network function, CNF, as previously disclosed.
  • the CGW to which the MD is currently connected sends the instruction to the MD to connect/associate with a certain selected CGW.
  • the CGW could send the instruction in the form of a field in an RPL message, a link layer message or as a parameter in a broadcast or unicast IPv6 router advertisement.
  • Other possibilities include sending the instruction in a CoAP message or an OMA-LWM2M message.
  • the network exercises its control over the CGW selection indirectly through policies/rules. These policies/ rules are preferably configured in the MD by an O&M entity, possibly via the CNF.
  • the CGW selection related information of each CGW is sent from the CGW to the MD in the form of a field in a RPL message, as a link layer message, e.g. a field in a beacon message, or as a parameter in a broadcast or unicast IPv6 router advertisement.
  • This information may be explicit descriptions of the load in the CGW, cellular radio channel quality of the CGW's radio connection to the cellular network and/or cellular RAT of the network the CGW is connected to, but it may also be information in more condensed forms, e.g. a preference value.
  • the MD may receive explicit instructions to select a certain CGW, it is the MD itself that executes the CGW selection. Consequently, in step S63, the MD selects the at least one CGW, either based on explicit instructions from the network, or based on information received or retrieved based on the instruction.
  • the MD determines one or more dynamic properties for at least two capillary network gateways, CGWs, in the capillary network.
  • the step of determining S62 comprises the step S62a of retrieving information on a traffic load experienced by each CGW, the step S62b of retrieving information on channel quality of the cellular radio connection for the CGW and/or the step S62c of retrieving information on the radio access technology of the cellular network that the CGW is connected to.
  • the retrieved information may have the form of a preference value reflecting one or more dynamic properties of the CGW, as illustrated in step S62e.
  • the channel quality of a MD local area radio connection to a specific CGW could be predicted and included in a selection decision.
  • the method further includes the step of calculating S62d a preference value for each CGW based on the determined one or more dynamic properties, and wherein the step of selecting comprises selecting the at least one CGW out of the at least two CGWs based on the calculated preference value.
  • the MD has a relation with the CNF, or at least the MD is visible and reachable from the CNF.
  • the CNF either gathers the one or more dynamic properties, also known as CGW choice related information, from the CGWs or is inherently aware of it. Based on this information and possibly information about the MD and/or the application it is running, the CNF determines whether the MD should change to another CGW and, if so, sends an explicit instruction to the MD.
  • the CNF may acquire information about the MD and/or its application from the MD or the Application Server (which the MD is associated with) or by observing and sniffing the MD's traffic, provided that all the MD's user data traffic passes through the CNF.
  • the CNF sends the instruction to the MD's current CGW instead of directly to the MD, requesting the CGW to send an instruction to the MD.
  • the CNF may also be replaced with a pure O&M entity, such as an O&M entity dedicated for management of MDs, CGWs and/or capillary networks.
  • a pure O&M entity such as an O&M entity dedicated for management of MDs, CGWs and/or capillary networks.
  • Both the CNF and an O&M entity may also be involved simultaneously.
  • an O&M entity may gather the CGW choice related information and pass it to the CNF, so that the CNF may distribute the information to the CGWs of the capillary network.
  • the CNF may use the CGW choice related information received from the O&M entity to determine the most suitable CGW and/or send an instruction accordingly to the MD or the MD's current CGW.
  • the CNF and the O&M entity would have the opposite roles in such a cooperation, i.e. the CNF gathering the CGW choice related information and passing it to the O&M for further distribution or CGW selection triggering.
  • the cellular radio channel quality and/or the cellular RAT may, as a further option/alternative, be retrieved from the RBS. If so, the O&M entity may use a ma nagement interface towards the RBS.
  • the CNF could also have a direct interface towards the RBS, but if the CNF is integrated with the SCS, then a more likely path for the information retrieval could be via the MTC-IWF and the MME, SGSN and/or MSC.
  • the MD performs the step S64 of setting up a local area connection to a selected CGW.
  • the MD could of course have more than one local area connection.
  • the MD may set up two local area connections, e.g. to respective CGWs.
  • the step S64 of setting up a local area radio connection to a CGW comprises receiving instructions from a network node to set up the connection to a selected CGW, but could also comprise receiving instructions from a network node on how to select a CGW, e.g. based on one or more policies/rules for CGW selection stored in the MD.
  • policies/rules for CGW selection include a policy/rule based on MD application parameters.
  • the decision making entity may be provided with the CGWs that are currently reachable for the MD and possibly also other contextual parameters such as the MD's channel quality to different CGWs and/or the application the MD is running.
  • the MD obeys a received CGW selection instruction only if the CGW it is directed to is available to the MD or reachable with a reasonable channel quality.
  • the instruction has the form of a number of CGWs listed in priority order so that if the first CGW in the list is unavailable, or has too poor channel quality, the MD chooses the next CGW in the list, and so on.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram schematically illustrating some modules of an exemplary embodiment of a machine device, MD, 70 for performing the method steps.
  • the machine device 70 comprises a processor or processing circuitry 71 that may be constituted by any suitable Central Processing Unit, CPU, microcontroller, Digital Signal Processor, DSP, etc. capable of executing computer program code.
  • the computer program may be stored in a memory, 72.
  • the memory 72 can be any combination of a Random Access Memory, RAM, and a Read Only Memory, ROM.
  • the memory 72 may also comprise persistent storage, which, for example, can be any single one or combination of magnetic memory, optical memory, or solid state memory or even remotely mounted memory.
  • the MD 70 further comprises radio circuitry 73.
  • the radio communication interface 73 is arranged for wireless (or possibly wired) communication with gateways of a capillary network providing a link between the capillary network and a cellular network.
  • the radio circuitry 73 is adapted to receive S61 an instruction from a network node to select at least one capillary network gateway CGW for setting up a local area radio connection. The received instruction is processed in the processor 71.
  • the disclosure further relates to a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which when run in a n MD 70 causes the MD to perform any of the aspects of the method described above.
  • the computer readable code When the computer readable code is run in the processor 71 of the MD 70, it causes the MD 70 to perform the received instruction.
  • the MD is operative to select S63 at least one CGW based on the determined one or more dynamic properties, and to set up S64 a local area radio connection to the at least one selected CGW.
  • the processor comprises one or several of:
  • a selection module 711 configured to select at least one CGW based on the received instruction; and a connection establishment module 712 configured to set up a local area radio connection to the at least one CGW .
  • the modules 711 and 712 are implemented in hardware or in software or in a combination thereof.
  • the modules 711 and 712 are according to one aspect implemented as a computer program stored in the memory 73 which runs on the processor 71.
  • the machine device 70 is further configured to implement all the aspects of the disclosure as described in relation to the methods above.
  • Figure 8 schematically disclose capillary network application examples.
  • at least one machine device 11 is used for reading temperature.
  • the MDs are either connected directly, or, in the case several MDs are present, both directly and indirectly via another MD, to CGWs 12a, 12b.
  • the CGWs are connected to RBSs 21a, 21b, of a cellular network.

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  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne la sélection d'une passerelle de réseau capillaire (CGW) (12a, 12b) dans un réseau capillaire. La présente invention concerne en particulier des procédés et des agencements permettant de relier un dispositif machine (MD) (11) fonctionnant selon une technologie d'accès radio local (RAT) dans un réseau capillaire à un réseau cellulaire par l'intermédiaire d'une CGW (12a, 12b), le réseau capillaire comprenant une pluralité de CGW qui ont chacune une connexion au réseau cellulaire. Une pluralité de MD (11) est reliée via une technologie d'accès radio local (RAT) du réseau capillaire aux CGW (12a, 12b) qui sont à leur tour connectées à des stations de base radio (RBS) (21a, 21b) du réseau cellulaire. Un MD (11) peut être capable d'établir une liaison vers le réseau cellulaire au moyen de plusieurs CGW, et une sélection d'une passerelle CGW doit donc être réalisée avant l'établissement de la liaison. Le procédé permettant de sélectionner la CGW comprend les étapes consistant à déterminer une ou plusieurs propriétés dynamiques pour chacune d'au moins deux CGW de la pluralité de CGW, la ou les propriétés dynamiques concernant la capacité d'acheminement et de traitement du trafic de la CGW concernée, et à gérer la sélection d'au moins une des deux ou plus de deux CGWs sur la base de la ou des propriétés dynamiques déterminées. L'étape de détermination comprend de préférence la détermination de la charge de trafic subie par la CGW, de la qualité de canal de la connexion de la CGW au réseau cellulaire et/ou de la technologie d'accès radio permettant la connexion de la CGW au réseau cellulaire. Le MD peut recevoir l'instruction d'établir une connexion d'accès radio local à une CGW au moyen d'un message RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks), d'un message de couche de liaison, d'un message CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) ou d'un message LWM2M-OMA (Open Mobile Alliance Lightweight Machine- to-Machine), ou d'une annonce de routeur Ipv6 de diffusion ou d'envoi individuel.
EP14805383.8A 2014-02-21 2014-11-11 Sélection d'une passerelle de réseau capillaire vers un réseau cellulaire Withdrawn EP3108626A1 (fr)

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WO2015126294A1 (fr) 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Procédé et appareil pour une sélection de passerelle convergente (cgw)
EP3108696B1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2019-07-17 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Procédé et appareil pour sélection un passerelle de reseau capillaire
EP3108697B1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2018-01-31 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Procédé et appareil pour sélection d'une passerelle de réseau capillaire
US10638421B2 (en) 2015-12-30 2020-04-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method for operating a capillary network gateway

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US8989091B2 (en) * 2011-07-15 2015-03-24 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Dynamic enablement of M2M services over 3GPP access networks
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